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Tumblr</a></li> </ul></div></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="clear-block"> <div class="node clear-block node-page ntype-news"> <div class="header"> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20130614024824/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2013/05/19-0" title="ビルマ：監視・検閲に荷担しかねない通信企業">ビルマ：監視・検閲に荷担しかねない通信企業</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">携帯電話会社やインターネット接続業者　市場参入にあたり権利擁護の仕組み整備を</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2013年05月19日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a 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rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>A worker uses a mobile phone in Burma, where the government plans to increase mobile access to 50 percent in three years.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2013_burma_telecom_presser.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130614024824/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2013_burma_telecom_presser.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>A worker uses a mobile phone in Burma, where the government plans to increase mobile access to 50 percent in three years. </p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2013 Reuters</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <p> </p> <p>人権保護策を整えずにビルマに急いで参入する通信企業は、違法な盗聴、検閲などの人権侵害に共謀するリスクを抱えている。通信企業はビルマ政府に対し、通信関連法を国際人権基準を遵守するものに変更するよう強く働きかけるべきだ。</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> シンシア・ウォン、インターネットと人権に関する上級調査員 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p> </p> <p>（ワシントン）- ビルマ国外の電気通信関連企業は、十分な人権保護策なくビルマ市場に参入すれば、人権侵害に関与するリスクを負うことになると、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは本日発表の報告書で指摘した。<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33269&Action=Follow+Link">ビルマ</a>の人権状況改善は、インターネットや通信セクターでもこれまでのところ不十分だ。同国に参入する企業は、事業実施に関わるあらゆる人権侵害を防止し、もし発生すれば対処する強力なシステムを整備すべきである。</p> <p>報告書「<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/05/19/reforming-telecommunications-burma">ビルマの通信改革：移動通信とインターネット分野における人権と責任ある投資</a>」（全24ページ）は、同国内のインターネットと携帯電話利用者への十分な保護を推進する方策と、同国の通信セクターへの責任ある投資を促進する方法について概説している。ビルマ政府は2013年1月、通信セクターに関する対外投資開放計画を発表しており、6月27日までに2つの全国免許を企業側に与える見込み。ビルマ通信企業入札評価・選定委員会はこの2つの免許への認可入札について、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33267&Action=Follow+Link">12のコンソーシアム</a>を選定している。</p> <p>「人権保護策を整えずにビルマに急いで参入する通信企業は、違法な盗聴、検閲などの人権侵害に共謀するリスクを抱えている」と、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチのインターネットと人権に関する上級調査員<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33266&Action=Follow+Link">シンシア・ウォン</a>は指摘する。「通信企業はビルマ政府に対し、通信関連法を国際人権基準を遵守するものに変更するよう強く働きかけるべきだ。」</p> <p>ビルマのテインセイン大統領は5月20日、同国の国家元首としてはほぼ50年ぶりに米国を訪問する。米国・EUによる政治関係の改善と制裁緩和により、適切な人権保護策抜きで投資が行われる環境が生まれている。</p> <p>ビルマ政府は通信セクターの成長を優先事項としており、携帯電話普及率を現在の推定5～10％から2016年までに<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33265&Action=Follow+Link">50％にするという野心的な目標</a>を掲げている（当初の<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33264&Action=Follow+Link">80％</a>から引き下げられた）。こうした目標設定により、通信法制整備と事業実施に関する合意内容を通して人権保護を最大化するという、まれな機会が生まれている。</p> <p>ビルマ政府は、テレ・コミュニケーションという新分野を規制する新「テレ・コミュニケーション法」を6月までに制定する予定だ。ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチが3月に草案を評価した段階では、監視・検閲体制の維持または新設につながりかねない、問題のある条項が存在する一方で、政府による人権侵害の歯止め策はほとんどなかった。また情報アクセスへの制限とオンライン活動の監視に関して、通信企業の協力を求めるとも記されていた。</p> <p>ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは2013年4月に、法制度改革担当のビルマ政府当局者に懸念を伝え、新法案ではこれらの懸念は解消されるとの回答を得たが、現在も新法案が入手できていない。</p> <p>「ビルマ政府が法案を見直し、国内のインターネット・携帯電話利用者への十分な保護を確保することはまだ可能だ」と前出のウォンは述べた。</p> <p>さらに、過去の軍事政権が制定した<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33263&Action=Follow+Link">ITアクセスを制限する</a>厳しい法律が、2011年に軍事政権が形式的に終わってからほとんど適用されなくなったとはいえ、いまだ存続している。例えば、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33262&Action=Follow+Link">ビルマ国内法</a>では、ファックスやモデムの所有やコンピュータ・ネットワークの設定は、政府が所有者に所持を許可し、ネットワーク登録を認可しなければ、刑事犯罪とされている。このほか「<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33261&Action=Follow+Link">虚偽情報の伝達</a>」だけでなく、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614024824/http://hrw.pr-optout.com/Tracking.aspx?Data=HHL%3d%40054%40%26JDG%3c%3d2%3f%2f50.LP%3f%40083%3a&RE=MC&RI=3771700&Preview=False&DistributionActionID=33260&Action=Follow+Link">公安を脅かす</a>と政府が認めたものをインターネットに流すことも刑事罰の対象だ。現在の文民政権は抑圧的な法律はすべて見直すとしているが、明確な期限が公に発表されているわけではない。</p> <p>通信企業側は6月後半の免許発行に先立ち、ビルマ政府に対し、基本的な改革を行って、国内法の枠組を国際人権基準に適合させるよう強く促すべきだ。またテインセイン政権は政治改革に着手してはいるが、国軍は実際にも、また2008年憲法の上でも相当の政治的影響力を保持している。国内では重大な人権侵害が発生しており、新政権の改革は法律という形にはまだなっていない。</p> <p>厳格な法律が残る限り、政府や軍は、通信企業を積極的または強制的に協力させて、恣意的にこれらの法律を用いて、ブロガーや活動家の活動を抑えこむことができる。</p> <p>通信企業はビルマの通信セクターに参入する前に、少なくともいくつかの方策を講ずるべきである。企業側は、当該セクターにおける人権侵害のリスクを評価し、それを減少させる方針と手順を実施するとともに、一連の対策を公開することで透明化を確保し、人権に関わる問題に対処するため民間団体や専門家などと協働すべきである。</p> <p>「ビルマ政府と通信企業は、ビルマ国民が恐怖を感じずに意見表明できるオープンなインターネット環境を導入するというまたとない機会を得ている。だがそのためには、政府が本物の改革を行い、企業が実質的なアカウンタビリティを果たすことが不可欠だ。」</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li 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