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Can Hillary Manage Her Unruly Coalition? - The New York Times
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Edsall"/> </a> </div> <div class="byline-meta"> <p class="byline-column has-single-author"> <a class="byline-column-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/column/thomas-b-edsall">Thomas B. Edsall</a> <time class="dateline" datetime="2016-08-18T10:18:08-04:00" itemprop="dateModified" content="2016-08-18T10:18:08-04:00">AUG. 18, 2016</time> </p> </div><!-- close byline-meta --> </div><!-- close extended-byline --> <div class="story-meta-footer-sharetools"> <div id="sharetools-story-meta-footer" aria-label="tools" role="group" class="sharetools theme-classic sharetools-story-meta-footer " data-shares="facebook,twitter,email,show-all,save" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901oe_/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/18/opinion/campaign-stops/can-hillary-manage-her-unruly-coalition.html" data-title="Can Hillary Manage Her Unruly Coalition?" data-author="By THOMAS B. EDSALL" data-media="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/08/18/opinion/18Edsall-web/18Edsall-web-jumbo.jpg" data-description="A flare-up over housing in Baltimore County is just the kind of controversy Democrats dread." data-publish-date="August 18, 2016"> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a> <span class="sharetools-label visually-hidden">Share This Page</span> <div class="ad sharetools-inline-article-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent"> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a> </div> </div><!-- close shareTools --> <button class="button comments-button theme-speech-bubble" data-skip-to-para-id=""> </button> </div> </div><!-- close story-meta-footer --> </div><!-- close story-meta --> </header> <div class="story-body-supplemental"> <div class="story-body story-body-1"> <figure id="media-100000004598526" class="media photo lede layout-large-horizontal" data-media-action="modal" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/08/18/opinion/18Edsall-web/18Edsall-web-master768.jpg" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" aria-label="media" role="group"> <span class="visually-hidden">Photo</span> <div class="image"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/08/18/opinion/18Edsall-web/18Edsall-web-master768.jpg" alt="" class="media-viewer-candidate" data-mediaviewer-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/08/18/opinion/18Edsall-web/18Edsall-web-superJumbo.jpg" data-mediaviewer-caption="Hillary Clinton marched in the Memorial Day Parade in her hometown of Chappaqua, N.Y., in May." data-mediaviewer-credit="Hilary Swift for The New York Times" itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/08/18/opinion/18Edsall-web/18Edsall-web-master768.jpg"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="489"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="768"/> </div> <figcaption class="caption" itemprop="caption description"> <span class="caption-text">Hillary Clinton marched in the Memorial Day Parade in her hometown of Chappaqua, N.Y., in May.</span> <span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder"> <span class="visually-hidden">Credit</span> Hilary Swift for The New York Times </span> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="201" data-total-count="201">Two adjoining communities — Baltimore City and Baltimore County — show us how hard it is for the Democratic Party to reconcile the interests of its upscale wing with those of its lower-income wing.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="267" data-total-count="468">For more than half a century, there has been sustained tension between Baltimore County, which is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/24005">62.8 percent white and has a median household income of $68,156</a>, and Baltimore city, which is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/HSG445214/24510">62.9 percent African-American and has a median household income of $42,579</a>.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="359" data-total-count="827">“There’s a noose around Baltimore City and, as a consequence, we have economic apartheid,” Stephen Sachs, a former Maryland attorney general, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-housing-segregation-20151212-story.html">told the Baltimore Sun</a> on Dec. 12. “In terms of education, jobs, transportation, housing. You name it. It’s been that way for decades. The counties do nothing to accommodate the poor, and nothing changes.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="332" data-total-count="1159">Baltimore County is spacious. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.rff.org/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/RFF-DP-09-15.pdf">Single family dwellings</a> on lots of half an acre or more account for nearly 50 percent of new housing construction. More than <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/economicdev/baltimorecountybusiness/recruitingtalent/educationindex.html">a third</a> of county residents over the age of 25 have four-year college degrees or better. Male life expectancy is 75.5 years. The public school <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.bcps.org/news/articles/article8137.html"> graduation rate</a> is 87.78 percent.</p> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a> </div><!-- close story-body --> <div class="supplemental first" id="supplemental-1"> </div><!-- close supplemental --> </div><!-- close story-body-supplemental --> <div class="story-interrupter" id="story-continues-1"> </div> <div class="story-body-supplemental"> <div class="story-body story-body-2"> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="305" data-total-count="1464" id="story-continues-2">Rowhouses dominate Baltimore city’s urban core — many decaying and at least <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/baltimore-has-more-than-16000-vacant-houses-why-cant-the-homeless-move-in/2015/05/12/3fd6b068-f7ed-11e4-9030-b4732caefe81_story.html">16,000 vacant and uninhabitable</a>; male life expectancy is 67.8 years (there are seven Baltimore neighborhoods where life expectancy is lower than in Syria or India); 69.5 percent of city high school students graduated in 2015.</p><div id="story-ad-1" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent"> <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden"> <p>Advertisement</p> </div> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-3">Continue reading the main story</a> </div> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="150" data-total-count="1614" id="story-continues-3">In the aftermath of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilRightsAct1964.htm">1964 Civil Rights Act</a> and the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://library.clerk.house.gov/reference-files/PPL_VotingRightsAct_1965.pdf">1965 Voting Rights Act</a>, the county, which was then roughly <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://planning.maryland.gov/msdc/census/Historical_Census/SF1_80-00/baco80-00.pdf">90 percent white,</a> moved to the right.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="432" data-total-count="2046">In 1966, George P. Mahoney — representing what was then the segregationist wing of the southern Democratic Party — ran for governor of Maryland on an explicitly anti-integration platform. Mahoney’s campaign slogan was <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/21/obituaries/george-mahoney-87-maryland-candidate.html">“Your Home Is Your Castle – Protect It”</a>. He lost to the Republican candidate, Spiro Agnew, statewide, but <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1966&fips=24&f=0&off=5&elect=0">carried Baltimore County 81,570 to 68,596</a>, despite the fact that Agnew was the county executive.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="686" data-total-count="2732">From 1968 to 1988, Baltimore County voters consistently cast majorities for Republican presidential candidates. Taken together, Richard Nixon and the segregationist George Wallace carried <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/datagraph.php?year=1966&fips=24&f=0&off=5&elect=0">63.1 percent of the county vote in 1968</a> to 36.9 percent cast for Hubert Humphrey, the Democratic nominee. Ronald Reagan carried the county in 1984 with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/">61.3 percent of the vote</a>.In 1992, in the wake of an influx of educated, higher income professionals, immigrants and minorities, the county began to trend Democratic. In this respect, the county has followed in the path of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.wsj.com/news/interactive/SUBURB0501?ref=SB10001424052702304672404579182214229099376">dense, close-in suburbs</a> across the nation. In 2012, Barack Obama crushed Mitt Romney <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/">220,322 to 154,908</a> in Baltimore County.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="167" data-total-count="2899">Baltimore city, on the other hand, never stopped being a Democratic bastion and this continued in 2012, when city voters supported Obama over Romney 221,478 to 28,171.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="373" data-total-count="3272">Even though both the city and the county currently have working Democratic majorities, they represent two different factions of the party. The tensions between the two Maryland jurisdictions, city and county, reflect in microcosm the larger social and economic issues the Clinton campaign faces nationally and which any Democratic White House is sure to face going forward.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="131" data-total-count="3403">At the moment, one of the major sources of conflict between Baltimore city and Baltimore County is the issue of affordable housing.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="293" data-total-count="3696">On Dec. 12, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-housing-segregation-20151212-story.html">the Baltimore Sun</a> published a 6,100 word story — quite long for a newspaper — by Doug Donovan that describes how the city Housing Authority, complying with a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/press/press_releases_media_advisories/2012/HUDNo.12-174">federal court order</a>, has been quietly buying homes over the past decade in prosperous suburbs to use as public housing.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="202" data-total-count="3898">The intensity of the conflict between city and county interests was reflected in the covert tactics used by the city to provide housing for low-income residents on a regional basis, outside city limits.</p><div id="story-ad-2" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent"> <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden"> <p>Advertisement</p> </div> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-4">Continue reading the main story</a> </div> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="300" data-total-count="4198" id="story-continues-4">“We did it very much under the radar,” Amy Wilkinson, the city authority’s fair housing director told The Sun. “We met very early on with the county executives. They understood we had to do it. Their request was to make sure [the homes] are really scattered and make sure we do it quietly.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="267" data-total-count="4465">The city hired a nonprofit developer, Homes for America, to make the purchases on its behalf. The contract specified that the firm make sure that the acquired homes not be “identifiable as subsidized housing to minimize objections from the surrounding community.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="267" data-total-count="4732">The program has not been cheap: $19 million to purchase nearly 60 homes, all but 12 outside city limits, and annual rent subsidies of $51 million in 2015 alone. The Sun reported that almost all the beneficiaries are African-American families headed by single mothers.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="140" data-total-count="4872">The reaction to the Sun story was immediate. “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-housing-mobility-20151214-story.html">City housing program stirs fears in Baltimore County</a>,” Donovan wrote in a follow-up piece.</p><figure id="opinion-newsletter-promo" class="interactive interactive-embedded limit-small layout-small"> <figcaption class="interactive-caption"> </figcaption> <div class="interactive-graphic"> <!-- ====================================================== THIS IS A GENERATED TEMPLATE FILE. DO NOT EDIT. ====================================================== --> <!-- this file is generated from src/style.css --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901cs_/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/12/02/email-kirstof-embed/cbc36bdb86303cbcf8bdfea5a048ab3f44bf5ce1/build.css"> <div id="d-promo-realestate"> <h2 class="d-headline">Sign Up for the Opinion Today Newsletter</h2> <p class="d-leadin">Every weekday, get thought-provoking commentary from Op-Ed columnists, The Times editorial board and contributing writers from around the world.</p> <iframe height="45" title="regilite" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901if_/https://regilite.nytimes.com/regilite?product=TY&theme=Transparent&landing=true&addSlot=true&app=newsletter&sourceApp=nyt-v5&title=Opinion+Today" scrolling="no" allowtransparency="true"></iframe> </div> <!-- signup_page_url: http://www.nytimes.com/newsletters/opiniontoday --> <script> var NYTG_ASSETS = "https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/12/02/email-kirstof-embed/cbc36bdb86303cbcf8bdfea5a048ab3f44bf5ce1/"; var NYTG_BIG_ASSETS = "https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/12/02/email-kirstof-embed/assets/"; require(['foundation/main'], function() { // this file is generated from src/script.js require(["https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/12/02/email-kirstof-embed/cbc36bdb86303cbcf8bdfea5a048ab3f44bf5ce1/build.js"]); }); </script> </div> <div class="footer"> </div> </figure> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="307" data-total-count="5179">Veronica Walters, 73, who lives in Catonsville, a middle class, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/2414125">largely white Baltimore County neighborhood with a median household income</a> of $77,165, told Donovan. “We have worked for years in order to have a house in the county, and the government is pushing people out here,” she said, before adding:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="161" data-total-count="5340"><p>They don’t deserve to have what my family worked hard for. It’s a shame we didn’t know about this ahead of time. I would have been right there protesting.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="63" data-total-count="5403">I asked Donovan about the response to his story. He wrote back:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="254" data-total-count="5657"><p>The reaction from many was outright racist. From phone calls to emails to comments on the article. Baltimore County has avoided any substantive adherence to the Fair Housing Act for decades and is only now being held accountable by HUD, but just barely.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="165" data-total-count="5822">Earlier this month, the anger among residents of the county over the surreptitious expansion into the county of the city’s public housing program emerged in force.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="166" data-total-count="5988">On Aug. 1, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-county/bs-md-co-housing-policy-vote-20160801-story.html">the County Council voted 6 to 1</a> against legislation that would have required landlords to accept federal subsidized Section 8 vouchers as payment for rent.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="525" data-total-count="6513">A caller to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.steinershow.org/?powerpress_pinw=27354-podcast">a Baltimore talk radio show</a>, identified only as “Horace,” reflected the hostility of white county residents to the Section 8 program. “That is one of the worst programs, this voucher program, because I know personally that a lot of these young ladies have 5, 6 kids,” Horace said, according to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.steinershow.org/?powerpress_pinw=27354-podcast">an audio tape of the show</a>. “They destroy neighborhoods, look at Liberty Road. They destroy neighborhoods, all up and down Liberty Road.” Liberty Road is a main artery that runs from the city into the county.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="266" data-total-count="6779">“What I really took away from this was the fact that in order to get subsidized housing into the suburbs, you have to be sneaky about it,” Robert Strupp, the executive director of Baltimore Neighborhoods Inc., a liberal fair housing advocacy group, told The Sun:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="227" data-total-count="7006"><p>Because if they found out about it in advance, they wouldn’t let it happen. That’s the sign to me that discrimination still exists. It’s classic Nimbyism. That’s today’s reality just as it was in the 1950s and 1960s.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="180" data-total-count="7186">Two recently published studies provide powerful empirical support for programs attempting to move poor people out of Baltimore City into County neighborhoods with more opportunity.</p><div id="story-ad-3" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent"> <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden"> <p>Advertisement</p> </div> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-5">Continue reading the main story</a> </div> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="172" data-total-count="7358" id="story-continues-5">The first study found <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/index.php/city-rankings/city-rankings-all">that the city ranked far and away the worst of the 100 largest cities and counties</a> in measures of the life chances of children in low-income families.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="533" data-total-count="7891">The second study, “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~ericchyn/Chyn_Moved_to_Opportunity.pdf">Moved to Opportunity</a>: The Long-Run Effect of Public Housing Demolition on Labor Market Outcomes on Children,” by Eric Chyn, a professor of economics at the University of Virginia, found a substantial positive impact on children who were moved to better neighborhoods after being displaced (as a consequence of public housing demolition) from concentrated poverty. These children “are 9 percent more likely to be employed and earn 16 percent more as adults” than those who were not displaced, Chyn reported.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="402" data-total-count="8293">The flare-up over affordable housing in Baltimore County is just the kind of controversy Democratic Party leaders dread because it pits Democrats against Democrats. And it is also just the kind of controversy Republicans thrive upon, as exemplified by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/17/us/politics/donald-trump-rally-is-called-chance-to-show-support-for-police.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news">Donald Trump’s speech</a> Tuesday night in West Bend, Wisconsin, a white community 40 miles north of Milwaukee, where police have been battling rioters.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="184" data-total-count="8477">Trump told his supporters that Clinton is “peddling the narrative of cops as a racist force in our society” and shares “responsibility for the unrest.” Trump went even further:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="96" data-total-count="8573"><p>She is against the police, believe me. You know it and I know it, and guess what? She knows it.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="413" data-total-count="8986">The problems for Democrats on matters of race and housing subsidies are not confined to Baltimore. In Westchester County, just north of New York City, an ongoing battle over the court-ordered construction of affordable housing has played <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/opinion/edsall-who-will-pay-the-political-price-for-affordable-housing.html">a key role in the election and re-election of a Republican county executive</a> — in a suburban jurisdiction that, in presidential elections, has become increasingly Democratic.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="266" data-total-count="9252">It is this kind of conflict that the Clinton campaign is determined to avoid. Clinton’s staff has repeatedly declined requests for her views on assertive government policies that require suburbs to provide affordable housing for those with low or moderate incomes.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="315" data-total-count="9567">Such policies include <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://www.justice.gov/crt/recent-accomplishments-housing-and-civil-enforcement-section">court orders under the Fair Housing Act of 1968</a>, along with enforcement of the June 2015 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/AFFH_Final_Rule.pdf">Housing and Urban Development regulation</a> known as the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Rule, which mandates that local governments produce plans providing for increased integration by race and class.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="291" data-total-count="9858">As she attempts to draw votes from both of these wings of the Democratic Party, Clinton has good reason for caution. The town of Chappaqua in Westchester County, where the Clintons own a home, happens to be located in the midst of an affordable housing conflict I have <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/opinion/edsall-who-will-pay-the-political-price-for-affordable-housing.html"> written about</a> before.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="253" data-total-count="10111">Rob Astorino, the Republican county executive, takes great joy in capitalizing on the issue. In July 2015, Astorino pointedly <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://chappaqua.dailyvoice.com/politics/outside-clinton-home-astorino-seeks-hillarys-take-on-affordable-housing/553144/">held a news conference in front of Bill and Hillary Clinton’s hom</a>e, using affordable housing as a political cudgel to demand:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="349" data-total-count="10460"><p>Now, I have a question for Hillary Clinton, who’s in her home today right behind me: does she think she lives in a discriminatory town? I don’t. Does she think that the Obama administration is being very unfair in attacking her own community? I do. But we need to know where Hillary Clinton stands on this issue and she needs to speak up today.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="100" data-total-count="10560">Clinton did not respond, nor did she reply to requests for local comment from the Westchester media.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="371" data-total-count="10931">There is no way the Clinton campaign wants housing integration to become a central issue of the 2016 campaign. The same is true of the more general issue of poverty. Last week, Binyamin Appelbaum of The Times <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/12/us/politics/trump-clinton-poverty.html">reported</a> that when the Clinton campaign was asked to discuss its proposals to address poverty, the “campaign itself did not respond to a request for comment.”</p><div id="story-ad-4" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent"> <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden"> <p>Advertisement</p> </div> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-6">Continue reading the main story</a> </div> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="173" data-total-count="11104" id="story-continues-6">In its position paper — the “Breaking Every Barrier Agenda” — the Clinton campaign refers to potentially controversial housing policies in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/02/12/breaking-every-barrier-agenda/">carefully chosen language</a>:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="221" data-total-count="11325"><p>Clinton will increase support for affordable rental housing in the areas that need it most and encourage communities to implement land use strategies that make it easier to build affordable rental housing near good jobs.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="166" data-total-count="11491">In an <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/12/opinions/affordable-housing-election-clinton-kaine/">essay recently published on the CNN website</a>, “How To Make Housing Fair in America,” Senator Tim Kaine, Clinton’s running mate, was somewhat more explicit:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="152" data-total-count="11643"><p>We’ll increase rental assistance for low-income families, and help families who receive support choose from a wide range of neighborhoods to live in.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="217" data-total-count="11860">I asked Paul Jargowsky, a professor of public policy at Rutgers who has studied housing segregation, to assess the Clinton proposal. He replied by email that he generally agreed with most of the Clinton platform, but:</p><blockquote class="story-quote story-content" data-para-count="267" data-total-count="12127"><p>The agenda as stated does not address the fundamental problem that is at the root of the concentration of poverty — the ability of local governments to effectively exclude lower-income people from their communities through zoning and restrictive land use policies.</p></blockquote><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="698" data-total-count="12825">The controversies generated by the Trump campaign have pushed offstage many of the conflicts that divide the contemporary upstairs-downstairs Democratic coalition, including housing integration. But the Republican Party has been most successful when it has been able to drive a wedge between competing Democratic constituencies, each with its own legitimate interest — tax payers versus tax beneficiaries, voters who resent the regulatory power of government versus voters who welcome it, environmentalists versus the construction trades, those seeking autonomy and self-expression versus those struggling paycheck to paycheck; investors and property owners versus those without wealth or assets.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="145" data-total-count="12970">Every recent Democratic president, from Jimmy Carter through Bill Clinton to Barack Obama, has fought to hold this bifurcated coalition together.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="183" data-total-count="13153">Insofar as the Democratic Party is no longer a class-based alliance with common economic goals, how can it resolve the conflicts between its more privileged and less privileged wings?</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="266" data-total-count="13419">There are, on the one hand, the political goals of white Democrats in Baltimore County, where 42 percent of the population is in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/economicdev/baltimorecountybusiness/choosebaltimorecounty/demograpicsindex.html">“managerial, professional, and related occupations,”</a> who send their kids to public schools with a combined average SAT score of 1622.</p><button class="button comments-button theme-speech-bubble-large" data-skip-to-para-id=""> </button> <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="425" data-total-count="13844">Then, on the other hand, there are the competing goals of black Democrats in the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/03/us/a-portrait-of-the-sandtown-neighborhood-in-baltimore.html">Sandtown-Winchester</a> neighborhood of Baltimore, home of Freddy Gray — where 51.8 percent of the residents in 2012 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://static.prisonpolicy.org/origin/md/Sandtown.pdf">were out of work</a>. These Democrats enroll their kids in a public school system where 79.5 percent of the high school students <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.baltimorecityschools.org/cms/lib/MD01001351/Centricity/Domain/8783/20151105_PARCC_Public%20Deck.pdf">have not met proficiency standards</a> in English, and 90.2 percent have not met those standards in Algebra.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="139" data-total-count="13983">The question is what binds these two groups together in a single party, and is the bond strong enough for that party to endure and prevail?</p><footer class="story-footer story-content"> <div class="story-meta"> <div class="story-info"><p><em>Follow The New York Times Opinion section on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/https://www.facebook.com/nytopinion">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://twitter.com/NYTOpinion">Twitter</a> (@NYTOpinion), and sign up for the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/newsletters/opiniontoday/">Opinion Today newsletter</a>. <br/></em></p></div> </div><!-- close story-meta --> </footer> <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a> </div><!-- close story-body --> <div class="supplemental " id="supplemental-2"> </div><!-- close supplemental --> </div><!-- close story-body-supplemental --> <div id="storage-drawer" class="hidden"> <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="0" data-attribute-name="PaidPost" data-attribute-type="PaidPost" data-attribute-subtype=""> <aside id="middle-right-paid-post-container" class="ad middle-right-ad paid-post-ad marginalia-item hidden nocontent robots-nocontent"> <h2 class="marginalia-heading"></h2> <ul class="story-menu"> <li id="MiddleRightPaidPost1" class="story-menu-item ad"></li> <li id="MiddleRightPaidPost2" class="story-menu-item ad"></li> <li id="MiddleRightPaidPost3" class="story-menu-item ad"></li> <li id="MiddleRightPaidPost4" class="story-menu-item ad"></li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="1" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Recent"> <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia selected-comment-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id=""> </aside> </div> <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="2" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Featured"> <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia featured-comment-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id=""> </aside> </div> <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="3" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Prompt"> <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia comment-prompt-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id=""> </aside> </div> <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="4" data-attribute-name="CollectionMarginalia" data-attribute-type="Related" data-attribute-subtype="Column"> <aside class="marginalia collection-marginalia collection collection-type-column collection-tone-opinion collection-section-opinion collection-theme-latest-headlines nocontent robots-nocontent" role="complementary"> <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent"> <header> <div class="thumb"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/11/01/opinion/edsall-circular/edsall-circular-blogSmallThumb-v2.png" alt=""/> </div> <div class="collection-meta"> <div class="collection-headings"> <h2 class="collection-marginalia-heading"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000901/http://www.nytimes.com/column/thomas-b-edsall">Thomas B. 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