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Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer: A Dangerous Synergy – Cancer Science
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format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-lung-cancer tag-carcinogenesis tag-chronic-inflammation tag-co-morbidity tag-diagnosis-challenges tag-fibrosis tag-immunosuppression tag-lung-cancer tag-multidisciplinary-care tag-risk-factors tag-tuberculosis" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://cancerscience.net/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Cancer-A-Dangerous-Synergy-01-min-scaled-e1732000295528.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer: A Dangerous Synergy</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T12:41:44+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">November 19, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://cancerscience.net/archive/author/cancerscience/" title="View all posts by cancerscience" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">cancerscience</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h4><b>Introduction</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TB and lung cancer are regarded as two of the most serious and emergent health problems all over the world. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">TB is known to be a contagious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs, while Lung cancer is one of the leading cancer types affecting the globe. Alzheimer’s and heart disease are two diseases that are known to have a synergistic effect, with each disease making the other worse. Patients with tuberculosis have a 1.9 times higher risk of having Lung cancer, and TB and Lung Cancer together are challenging diseases to diagnose, treat, and manage. It is therefore important to fully understand the relationship between TB and lung cancer to be in a position to know how best to handle patients suffering from these diseases or conditions.</span></p> <h4><b>The Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs and creates chronic inflammation and tissue necrosis. One of the ways that frequent inflammation may be seen to heighten the possibility of developing lung cancer among TB patients is sustained inflammation. Tuberculosis not only induces scarring and fibrosis in the lung tissues but also results in the alteration of the extracellular matrix and cellular milieu, which facilitates malignant change ending in lung cancer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tuberculosis is another recognized risk factor for lung cancer because multiple clinical studies have shown that such a previous disease increases the lung cancer risk rate. The continuous inflammation that occurs due to TB leads to apoptosis and also gives rise to mutations in the epithelial cells of the lung, which in turn act as a background for carcinogenesis. Furthermore, TB could be responsible for delaying the diagnosis of lung cancer for the same reasons that patients may suffer from both diseases, presenting symptoms like cough, weight loss, and chest pains that may be indications of either of the diseased lungs and not necessarily the other.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/publication-trends/index/lung cancer" target="_blank" title="lung cancer - yearwise publication trends">lung cancer</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 5060, "2015": 5055, "2016": 6178, "2017": 6350, "2018": 7035, "2019": 8953, "2020": 11581, "2021": 13272, "2022": 15859, "2023": 25488, "2024": 12756 }; var keywordsArray = ["Tuberculosis","Lung cancer","Chronic inflammation","Fibrosis","Immunosuppression","Carcinogenesis","Co-morbidity","Risk factors","Diagnosis challenges","Multidisciplinary care"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h4><b>Tuberculosis as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies found that patients who previously had tuberculosis are about 2.3 times at a greater risk of developing lung cancer as opposed to clients who have no record of ever having tuberculosis. For instance, the fibrotic lesions that signify TB-related scarring of the lungs have been determined to be a risk indicator. These lesions can be a precursor of cancer just as they are in smokers, to mention but a few. Besides smoking, which is a risk factor for lung carcinoma, can add to the inflammatory response in TB patients and speed up the carcinogenic change of lung tissue.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several epidemiological studies have confirmed the fact that the relative risk of lung cancer in TB patients is much higher than in people who have no tuberculosis, and according to some authors it can be increased by 2-3 times. This means that having TB in itself is a major risk factor for lung cancer after controlling for other variables like smoking, age, and gender.</span></p> <h4><b>Mechanisms Linking Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are various ways through which tuberculosis acts as a risk factor for lung cancer, and these include immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. Tage, first is long-standing inflammation in the affected tissue as a result of TB infection. These inflammatory cells produce numerous cytokines and growth factors that have the potential to cause mutations in lung epithelial cell DNA. Long term, this may result in transformations of major genes that control the growth or replication of cells, and this may culminate in cancer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another mechanism can be referred to as the direct cytopathic effect of the TB bacteria on the lung tissue. Even with latent infection, M. tuberculosis can cause considerable destruction of the lung tissue. Typical findings include fibrosis and scarring of the lung parenchyma. These fibrotic areas are at a higher risk for the development of malignancy as the tissue organization is changed due to the fibrosis. The frequent cell division in response to the injury provides a good ground for the development of cancer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, TB weakens the immune system response to fail in the detection and destruction of abnormal cells, such as cancerous tumors. The mechanisms of immune evasion used by MTB can suppress the normal immune response of the host body, thus promoting uncontrolled growth of cancer cells in the lungs.</span></p> <h4><b>Clinical Implications and Challenges</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tuberculosis and lung cancer can occur together, which poses a lot of challenges in the management of the patients. This is made worse by the fact that clinical and radiological symptoms of lung cancer are similar to those of TB. It is quite significant to point out that both conditions can manifest rather as similar signs and symptoms, which include a persistent cough, hemoptysis, chest pains, as well as losing weight. As seen on a chest x-ray, TB and lung cancer may present as lung nodules, masses, or consolibody; thus, it may be hard to distinguish one from the other based on the image.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, it is also stated that the presence of TB may also cause difficulties in discrete histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer. The granulomatous inflammation associated with TB may mask the cancer cells in biopsy tests, and this may in some instances result in underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of lung cancer. These can lead to a delay in the initiation of appropriate cancer treatment, resulting in poor outcomes for the patient.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The management of such radiation, TB, and lung cancer is also challenging, and there are few treatment approaches available. The conventional management of TB includes direct prolonged use of antibiotics, which may interfere with chemotherapy agents used in the management of lung cancer, thus increasing the toxicity of the cancer therapy or decreasing its efficacy. Also, TB can cause lung dysfunction, thus limiting cancer patients’ ability to receive intensive treatment, including surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/lung cancer" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="lung cancer - yearwise publication list">lung cancer</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; 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}); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cancerscience.net/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Molecular profile of driver genes in lung adenocarcinomas of Brazilian patients who have never smoked: implications for targeted therapies.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38944844", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Transferrin receptor-based circulating tumor cell enrichment provides a snapshot of the molecular landscape of solid tumors and correlates with clinical outcomes.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947080", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Injectable nano-in situ-thermosensitive-hydrogels based on halofuginone and silver for postoperative treatment against triple-negative breast cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38917957", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "BRAF mutational status is associated with survival outcomes in locally advanced resectable and metastatic NSCLC.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945004", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "What enlightenment has the development of lung cancer bone metastasis brought in the last 22 years.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946828", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Tanreqing injection inhibits stemness and enhances sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer models to gefitinib through ROS\/STAT3 signaling pathway.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947380", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "When to Consider Invasive Lymph Node Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer? A Novel Scoring System Utilising Metabolic Parameters in 18F-FDG PET\/CT.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38942660", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploring the biology of ctDNA release in colorectal cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943900", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Long-term survival following adrenalectomy for secondary adrenal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945726", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "First-in-human clinical trial results with ABBV-184, a first-in-class T-cell Receptor\/Anti-CD3 bispecific protein, in adults with Previously treated AML or NSCLC.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946484", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Lung cancer: a nationwide analysis of sex and age incidence trends from 1980 to 2022.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946288", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Gene Expression Landscape of Disease Genes.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947033", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Germline prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation for immune-related adverse events.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947092", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Setting the Stage for Cancer: Stay Soft and Optimistic.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947106", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A Visual Analysis of the Research Dynamics in Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors for NSCLC.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947223", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Association of genetic variants in soy isoflavones metabolism-related genes with lung cancer risk.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945312", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA analysis: Current technologies and applications in gynecologic cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947418", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Distinct roles and molecular mechanisms of nicotine and benzo(a)pyrene in ferroptosis of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947555", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A risk-scoring model based on endobronchial ultrasound multimodal imaging for predicting metastatic lymph nodes in lung cancer patients.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38947743", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma featured with ground-glass nodules.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38923346", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Tuberculosis","Lung cancer","Chronic inflammation","Fibrosis","Immunosuppression","Carcinogenesis","Co-morbidity","Risk factors","Diagnosis challenges","Multidisciplinary care"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h4><b>The Importance of Early Detection and Multidisciplinary Care</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For this reason, any tuberculosis and lung cancer overlap comes with redirection difficulties, which make early diagnosis and comprehensive management imperative. Clinicians should always look out for lung cancer in patients with a history of tuberculosis, particularly with such symptoms. Lung cancer screening in TB patients, especially those with other modifiable risks such as smoking, may be effective in early detection and management of cancer, thus enhancing the prognosis.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The integrated approach of pulmonologists, oncologists, infectious disease specialists, and radiologists is central to the management of patients with both TB and lung cancer. Such an approach guarantees that all issues relating to the patient’s diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent management are well-coordinated to achieve the best results.</span></p> <h4><b>Future Directions in Research and Treatment</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Further studies are being carried out to determine the link between TB and lung cancer and, thus, identify the critical pathways and improve on the approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat this condition. Protein-protein interaction, genomic identification of TB and lung cancer, and gene expression patterns may reveal the molecular links between the two diseases, thus opening new frontiers to the treatment or prevention of the two interrelated pathologies.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, the efficacy of the combination of both antituberculosis and chemotherapeutic treatments requires further clinical trials. Such trials could look at ways and means of delivering TB treatment alongside lung cancer treatment plans and on the effects of reversing various treatment regimens.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An effective campaign against smoking and TB control are also considered important strategies to prevent lung cancer given tuberculosis. A smoking ban and no exposure to TB could also be used to reduce the chances of getting lung cancer in the highly susceptible population.</span></p> <h4><b>Conclusion</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The coincidence of tuberculosis and lung cancer is extremely dangerous, which proves the necessity of an integrated approach to the prevention and immediate medical treatment of these diseases. Patients who have a history of tuberculosis are almost twice as likely to develop lung cancer, and the presence of both conditions poses clinical difficulties. Tuberculosis-Mediated Lung Carcinogenesis Detection, management, and research are crucial to creating synergy and enhancing patient outcomes while controlling the worldwide mortality and morbidity resulting from TB and lung cancer.</span></p> <p></p> <h4><b>References</b></h4> <ol> <li>Engels, E.A., Shen, M., Chapman, R.S., Pfeiffer, R.M., Yu, Y.Y., He, X. and Lan, Q., 2009. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ijc.24042">Tuberculosis and subsequent risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China.</a> <i>International journal of cancer</i>, <i>124</i>(5), pp.1183-1187.</li> <li>Brenner, D.R., McLaughlin, J.R. and Hung, R.J., 2011. <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0017479">Previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> <i>PloS one</i>, <i>6</i>(3), p.e17479.</li> <li>Harris, J.M., Johnston, I.D., Rudd, R., Taylor, A.N. and Cullinan, P., 2010. <a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/content/65/1/70.short">Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung cancer: the BTS study.</a> <i>Thorax</i>, <i>65</i>(1), pp.70-76.</li> <li>Mohan, A., Mohan, C., Pathak, A.K., Pandey, R.M. and Guleria, R., 2007. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.01038.x">Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on respiratory status and quality of life in newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer.</a> <i>Respirology</i>, <i>12</i>(2), pp.240-247.</li> <li>Gottlieb, M., Marsaa, K., Godtfredsen, N.S. and Mellemgaard, A., 2015. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0284186X.2014.1001496">Prevalence and management of pulmonary comorbidity in patients with lung and head and neck cancer.</a> <i>Acta Oncologica</i>, <i>54</i>(5), pp.767-771.</li> <li>Park, J., Kim, D.S., Shim, T.S., Lim, C.M., Koh, Y., Lee, S.D., Kim, W.S., Kim, W.D., Lee, J.S. and Song, K.S., 2001. <a href="https://publications.ersnet.org/content/erj/17/6/1216.short">Lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.</a> <i>European Respiratory Journal</i>, <i>17</i>(6), pp.1216-1219.</li> <li>Chida, M., Kobayashi, S., Karube, Y., Hayama, M., Tamura, M., Ishihama, H. and Oyaizu, T., 2012. <a href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/atcs/18/4/18_oa.11.01839/_article/-char/ja/">Incidence of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia in operated lung cancer: institutional report and review.</a> <i>Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery</i>, <i>18</i>(4), pp.314-317.</li> <li>Søgaard, M., Thomsen, R.W., Bossen, K.S., Sørensen, H.T. and Nørgaard, M., 2013. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/CLEP.S47150">The impact of comorbidity on cancer survival: a review.</a> <i>Clinical epidemiology</i>, <i>5</i>(sup1), pp.3-29.</li> <li>Voltolini, L., Bongiolatti, S., Luzzi, L., Bargagli, E., Fossi, A., Ghiribelli, C., Rottoli, P. and Gotti, G., 2013. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ejcts/article/43/1/e17/355543">Impact of interstitial lung disease on short-term and long-term survival of patients undergoing surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of risk factors.</a> <i>European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery</i>, <i>43</i>(1), pp.e17-e23.</li> <li>Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R.L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A. and Bray, F., 2021. <a href="https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21660">Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.</a> <i>CA: a cancer journal for clinicians</i>, <i>71</i>(3), pp.209-249.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">lung cancer</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://cancerscience.net/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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", "email": "yanghuanming@genomics.cn", "slug_tail": "huanming-yang" } }; //console.log(authors_data); displayResults_author(authors_data); var keywordsArray = ["Tuberculosis","Lung cancer","Chronic inflammation","Fibrosis","Immunosuppression","Carcinogenesis","Co-morbidity","Risk factors","Diagnosis challenges","Multidisciplinary care"]; displayKeywordAuthors(keywordsArray); </script></p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V112z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://cancerscience.net/archive/category/lung-cancer/" rel="category tag">Lung Cancer</a></span> <span 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