CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913511864a4d9cb9',cH: 'I_IAJ_yHrfn53eLUzcUIrOkGc_SDoAZMrdEXoH.0OY4-1739787874-1.2.1.1-YLLeqI.X51kYn9vDHSgU4qjj86B5.wwUj3GnW2yDoa0g8IlWT7VzWO1zqbnm7qLC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=low%20cost%20instrumentation&__cf_chl_tk=fqrWpfmVDu4uxwoQWf.h91QKylElT.dZP.b__OYIFDA-1739787874-1.0.1.1-C7gIBwUPkBtsZDdcrtMhJ0hKEWYQoAqdSLFYe4Iz8JM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787874',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=low%20cost%20instrumentation&__cf_chl_f_tk=fqrWpfmVDu4uxwoQWf.h91QKylElT.dZP.b__OYIFDA-1739787874-1.0.1.1-C7gIBwUPkBtsZDdcrtMhJ0hKEWYQoAqdSLFYe4Iz8JM",md: "2oaJlyTPE6IID3Qlq2AclvTk.J8EK3hTRD_wtUyEzQA-1739787874-1.2.1.1-DXGFlg1oYmL2Z6J.NqXAbjlPKTNtFKSOXV0mBgTT6vN75rXRL_yNUa7I5__Xh5KS7xcsfwFIHTzYLfa4kMckTFRZeVR.2Ru6ZrSxcGHyM4BiKNGn8QcRrxXzsbx._wDLOeCHt4uHJ150PIPpWBZ2rZZHtXmBkVIuNn6v_9QvvCtznHFfN1f4EqCG3g.PbLOXpGlOQBSf7BHba8xhuUrMc0aX3CHZiySjmmBws3GQL5PKdB9y6LAD_fAFSRz77lWIUbZ3Rn.OKmryLOAwNMAd4IkSREOyDg2TUIk9ILKc07mDEFFnRdSAeMoa777GlBQNbTL_iOsuttjlu0W3a51WrwlMqQsJMPOiMhViInzCnzl2peS69DwGfj.135z4lRxO_xmaqFPxDgBhuarpzslhY2UQW.Mhe6XKv7x7_TyRNDhlvcVOYP1DuKJJ978oEzMfFAKwtkkgzGLAsLsYngokLASPsAp8dDLN301LRZIB2NlTKX3JWX2Qihd_ZRhiUJsUKQuAgP6ZHsHJp6agKTJvZRRu_IRBcVpqPzFYtn9B613j3aaeD7MMMkH6fPrC.dNkK.7dOttgXKGPdLZTCxJAcgOhG0jmc8SNtsS.5VCdN4ocshrb5L_hWtsem3RdfBAEj0x6.dMOJvhuxQ58Desgm4pw9vp_me6B7yYhEyDVNk2J68awwa7IUzB7coZ4niJEHOm1U3k4yyNj1._txjaDZ0h0yHSl2dh9_w9aBoBzMK.1Pck9qVku5.SE5JVEAUxgwAFAAikpvHKunIiX3emonPI7kYItfcV9onz0Xi1sOKIMuh.IOKkVs.rAZ7WKOEs7pnCIW1KFjUst216Hi7tE7QiV5cms263gmern2T9q36_DeOWX0L6vYlwB2Ji87An8hVYIpeNo.vqEpSHI7iSyQ62GV3c4nWRcE3P6KhAwKh8QXQlRKECvtdubIo6vO28Pwik2b20gTfGy4wXAeuShY2RtI4PpKu4QMVrMUSGFbEoav81.POT.PXiRFvSew3H9Y7nQSvMQRiNWC2wVLEkbwmiARwCuFytVdzuOldmn8fYEeXPwph7UwHqhqpld2y4VzSZnUOtCNb6qGleoxQbUMuRqdn5bGxTiPpVZH4kWfJGR5OZubD72wMVUcD.JvSYXaa0UyHySx0uLPkmU9XZtnEtKKdA.iV6DmPytIO1tww7sJm_UI7AG_N5Uj6Tn5cw7YTkX0bUUWz7nAoFbhIx47rIVKx2OX7yS.OWcy3H9l54f.jtMs0KV0Wz7UbODhWN9KsGOmEmHpLfhcD_nLjq7UwJYiCxHbhAy6_XkO69D9b25_nhVTpqi40dd6TDhRuZA1ge12HbvxEnWiDA770.8SAkjHT4zD.i61Ftz_9y3Am9konGcSKALgegOIPFcIPWiiI37V5VMLcodVHmA0soIipnthdEUjPwYvwBkvPKnAm8ZYJh0B4XWWYFFIp.i2jfhWLptFh4vHRAfNkiO33Da.BQn3Xqhli41D8_JesjySuMpRvA3hzxuJcRE84fAUv98d9gdRi4053gnMPtrT3fp5cHgvFQ9G7BFXIOGbe086sekeh24dZe6pEhmMcCy_mC4asbjPyqKdbBZ0eALsm.jMxg6Bvi60ojnle6syMNzMZ519FZpHXFrtt4Uq5M.HTiVaf6aTEna1GArNbscHJd0Q98o9mbcSU3MC1rWrAo8GdSf.gmQizUQkqp8hHljYanv9G0MhVukzui947iAKwHA5GnJMhJYmDpo6AL1D1PG6mAfg7NHhJ.ZBGEB1uOzFQ_EJSNmx08yRt6.9LLWQBSn6sbC_lF1v563GNuGr3TwrKBs1iccS3lnlHsvMrfMwjwMHUtlUxgL5HRJKtiWFIAGU4gzMh8EBVJtBygoojwP.9DXkB8vDmdlDfPk54kkX4goXik6T3sXpBYG6QAiyrBLegfN5erRLxdqtc195v2B6wgUAoehQzQTJMoMKJ_SUbGD",mdrd: "vud7Poh05LvI4pR.O6Whvj.so4Veo9Bl1X9bx0UXx1E-1739787874-1.2.1.1-mbHAzP5QeTK.jYNvfzOFdOUOUMdGvc4elq82AOFqWIzNTXmisK_LQXlunjUbx2qwRElPn9VUQUd.FfQytV8uFov8KzUgdUk3G4QeyUwO9eRUVz8wJHidrq7CeTu6_ckn2klxmSvzroRpis0b9NWo_faI1_Bo6lQ7w6uexuDlEuZqdK_61jlD4N26XID8EPv6R_j_JnM.zqjoVD_m6VQuVk8Wdxpv0EJyw_2uM5KzWOfwepKunNrXLDAjNqosPX.EulOMx_W8Bz0ciNE1sFkpYRh5IAugRaCCCXIKgaVm1JdWWGccwAeLig018gzeg45GoimU_vdz_wZUehgNPlUorBQ8gpMhd3HrytLuObJEFJHdtAmE.CgM4eRxQMe.BvzK4QaXFS4hITtx4qTMNK4KudDYl3nixN077pJ9XuDnfbQgZMzvrW1oB4J7SddQIdM1oC92c_OmITlcz9VUdd4.guUdijeeeP_r1fQM_EAUPldD4LyMiCgQxnGXdilWJH2SnaAEVk9S2ryRdSE0pG_FqIxrmtMiMptPdpqdmSZVj7gIfuHv9G9uH.TtgktadHNO_oC5IrgiCo6w8gmmRHzHrjxiUUhpDMNxck5BXHU5a3dQVhck__fkWot3CrhRQpD04ObTV2qtkcPAHMEjmOIU.EeyFtnMREfoFnUUYQs0XVpRnCxp31o42AmEJQNF2GE2qJtJYzli71o0cc7fuuuYkqqGuXaTSkObR8lBdfh_MPKWXGxdDFwrcM_N5i1ObqiQTDbHjB.zUt2h2BUPWVMEsmfDXfQPxglz0_AQ.LMpMDNZ0c21psLYGWeqQzDfIed779dPj5kn4g23crjFJQh9Buz10ORkwfPZjYaFxlDeD0Pu2RY4KC7vhEvegprfoLIH9T9wwWytxgtHOHk6kf_wC3D56HTM8sLKevt1B.GYNzeUUYeVhE5OPgNF7SudJ.xH1je4GVZ2tDA.YYarz8Fyhs5M2oiJdKB22FSTDxetV_2FdcwwmuAfBP_ZRdmnhaH6dSxApKmWRd5ty9JUvVZWBijb6YOmsRiFyhmSp.vypikgk9YYqAo0NM_gqW0Y__P31fKU6NOdsSTCh3wOd0hOQiwNn7SXgqPG116PG7bHT98kdSUT7vzF9qcKa.dc3JFeM4oNo1ebLaaDHQVaVt8c_aga3gIA.SIK_JfIzSm.Zblcvn_wBDeQk6lGkFWoMNzd95swT8xSRk4Wcc9FQhvuxxhRM2AG.794BbTOOqgJTK2SDya8MLT9Xi.8qIuJ3DLBmC9on2L49sFr0UA8bc0wZl43LNmS75rGiNdOh4Iv4.pqtvy.ij9Z8phd70dUbFxlBq_zYUodZJwdaC3LH8wV9vp.yKci_yhLlgYZTKwlRZTjRc4tH6Wq17j1zcnqdmFKuY.zdL828qWobtmMizuQvL3Or5P4rdZLc.E_EpXk0I4k7hY3yh444nlpc5Yps9j657zrJfkIJCd6kL38Xrnk_Tg9hX_WB8Y7pWM5lwXjGXe23zb6rHiKEyeiFlxttjadBn1IMYYgI8CopYMIgoy4y4Nv9uTjAyAARLQEBHg7l21zEE4DeEfbEuBXl3FGLUoGob_uUFt0yS5pMdrMGuPWDjd1w45utYH8NvGTo3KJ.czH3SzqUcZB.UH.61fBhKycbBuUkI6XWto0FF4AFarOESeBztV1yGc3ii9dWZvyi75B3DjVFSO79tfDz0RsQxlz_MmMU7usVRG0Znq1vOYSfKVJ9FbAWYTicheCR.0GTxXUM_wjtY05LI5HAA4sA82cbARTj9WiFsY1XqS2hGfEw7HGFYF2gpw1JnVNV8xLDDgjLRJ_XExJbEV.uvsHhhz1hB2wtU70ajs8Ef_Qcg.e9DATaMlgADK7AAOazL9a1yPtfsTuALpDJJPyVJTZoP.DzxHeh4xLBHMkYx7Qum.n3Ntlt3bSB8Lsyv18jXXSwiaoTxB7.KhHXiomtcggcSs9"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913511864a4d9cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=low%20cost%20instrumentation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=fqrWpfmVDu4uxwoQWf.h91QKylElT.dZP.b__OYIFDA-1739787874-1.0.1.1-C7gIBwUPkBtsZDdcrtMhJ0hKEWYQoAqdSLFYe4Iz8JM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>