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class="sidebar-above" style="background: #78CDED;"> <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_exams" title="Advanced Placement exams">Exams</a>    •    <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Awards" title="Advanced Placement Awards">Awards</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Current subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">African American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_and_Design" title="AP Art and Design">Art and Design (2-D, 3-D, and Drawing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus" title="AP Calculus">Calculus (AB and BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">Comparative Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">English Literature and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language_and_Culture" title="AP French Language and Culture">French Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language_and_Culture" title="AP German Language and Culture">German Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1: 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Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">U.S. Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">U.S. History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History:_Modern" title="AP World History: Modern">World History: Modern</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> In development</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Anatomy and Physiology</li> <li>Business Principles</li> <li>World History: Ancient</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Former subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Computer Science AB">Computer Science AB</a> 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class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template talk:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Advanced Placement</b> (<b>AP</b>) <b>European History</b> (also known as <b>AP Euro</b>, or <b>APEH</b>), is a course and examination offered by the <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Placement Program">Advanced Placement Program</a>. This course is for <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> students who are interested in a first year <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> level course in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">European history</a>. The course surveys European history from between 1450 to the present,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focusing on <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">religious</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">social</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">economic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Europe" title="Politics of Europe">political</a> themes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course">Course</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AP_European_History&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AP European History course covers historical events and processes across nine different units. Each unit is weighted equally on the exam, approximately 10-15%. The course units and sub-topics are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Unit 1: <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Exploration</a> (1450 - 1648) <ul><li>Contextualizing Renaissance and Discovery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a></li> <li>Printing</li> <li>New Monarchies</li> <li>Technological Advances and the Age of Exploration</li> <li>Rivals on the World Stage</li> <li>Colonial Expansion and the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbian Exchange">Columbian Exchange</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Slave Trade</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a></li> <li>Causation in the Renaissance and Age of Discovery</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 2: Age of Reformation (1450 - 1648) <ul><li>Contextualizing 16th- and 17th-Century Challenges and Developments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li>Protestant Reform Continues</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">Wars of Religion</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li>16th-Century Society and Politics</li> <li>Art of the 16th Century: <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> Art</li> <li>Causation in the Age of Reformation and the Wars of Religion</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 3: <a href="/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)" title="Absolutism (European history)">Absolutism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a> (1648 - 1815) <ul><li>Contextualizing State Building</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li>Continuities and Changes to Economic Practice and Development</li> <li>Economic Development and <a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age" title="Dutch Golden Age">Dutch Golden Age</a></li> <li>Balance of Power</li> <li>Absolutist Approaches to Power</li> <li>Comparison in the Age of Absolutism and Constitutionalism</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 4: Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments (1648 - 1815) <ul><li>Contextualizing the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Revolution" title="Scientific Revolution">Scientific Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li>The Scientific Revolution</li> <li>The Enlightenment</li> <li>18th-Century Society and Demographics</li> <li>18th-Century Culture and Arts</li> <li>Enlightened and Other Approaches to Power</li> <li>Causation in the Age of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 5: Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century (1648 - 1815) <ul><li>Contextualizing 18th-Century States</li> <li>The Rise of Global Markets</li> <li>Britain's Acendency</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li>The French Revolution's Effects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s Rise, Dominance, and Defeat</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li>Continuity and Change in 18th-Century States</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 6: Industrialization and Its Effects (1815 - 1914) <ul><li>Contextualizing Industrialization and Its Origins and Effects</li> <li>The Spread of Industry Throughout Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Wave Industrialization</a> and Its Effects</li> <li>Social Effects of Industrialization</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a> and European Conservatism</li> <li>Reactions and Revolutions</li> <li>Ideologies of Change and Reform Movements</li> <li>19th-Century Social Reform</li> <li>Institutional Responses and Reform</li> <li>Causation in the Age of Industrialization</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 7: 19th-Century Perspective and Political Developments (1815 - 1914) <ul><li>Contextualizing 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li>National Unification and Diplomatic Treaties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li>The Age of Progress and Modernity</li> <li>New <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a>: Motivations and Methods</li> <li>Imperialism's Global Effects</li> <li>19th-Century Culture and Arts</li> <li>Causation in 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Development</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 8: 20th-Century Global Conflicts (1914 - present) <ul><li>Contextualizing 20th-Century Global Conflicts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> and Its Effects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Versailles Conference</a> and Peace Settlement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Global Economic Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li>Europe During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Period">Interwar Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a></li> <li>20th-Century Cultural, Intellectual, and Artistic Developments</li> <li>Continuity and Changes in an Age of Global Conflict</li></ul></li> <li>Unit 9: <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and Contemporary Europe <ul><li>Contextualizing Cold War and Contemporary Europe</li> <li>Rebuilding Europe</li> <li>The Cold War</li> <li>Two Super Powers Emerge</li> <li>Postwar Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Atrocities</li> <li>Contemporary Western Democracies</li> <li>The Fall of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li>20th-Century <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li>Migration and Immigration</li> <li>Technology</li> <li>Globalization</li> <li>20th- and 21st-Century Culture, Arts, and Demographic Trends</li> <li>Continuity and Change in the 20th and 21st Centuries</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exam">Exam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AP_European_History&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Exams" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Placement Exams">AP exam</a> for European History is divided into two sections, comprising 55 multiple-choice questions (with four answer choices), three short-answer questions, and two essay responses (one thematic Long Essay Question (LEQ) and one <a href="/wiki/Document_Based_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Document Based Question">Document Based Question</a> (DBQ)).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The multiple-choice and short-answer sections are to be completed in 55 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. The essay section is to be completed in 100 minutes (including the 15-minute reading period). The DBQ is graded out of 7 points and the LEQ is graded out of 6 points. This new structure went into effect beginning Fall 2017. The DBQ is weighted at 25 percent while the FRQ/LEQ is weighted at 15 percent. The Short Answer is weighted 20 percent, with the multiple-choice accounting for the final 40 percent. </p><p>Approximately half of the multiple-choice questions cover the period from 1450 to the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a>, and half cover the period from the French Revolution and Napoleonic era to the present, evenly divided between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. About one-third of the questions focus on <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_history" title="Intellectual history">intellectual</a> themes, one-third on <a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history" title="Diplomatic history">diplomatic</a> themes, and one-third on <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">economic</a> themes. Many questions draw on knowledge of more than one chronological period or theme.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is the general trend based on past AP Exams, it is not mandated that the exam follow this format. In recent years and present, the multiple choice portion is Stimulus Based, meaning the students are given an excerpt of a speech or writing, photograph, or painting, to analyze and answer questions and/or give presentations on the given info. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Test Part </th> <th>Test Section </th> <th>Time Allotted </th> <th>Questions </th> <th>Weight </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Part A </td> <td>Multiple Choice </td> <td>55 minutes </td> <td>55 questions </td> <td>40% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Short Answer Questions (SAQ) </td> <td>40 minutes </td> <td>3 questions </td> <td>20% </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Part B </td> <td>Document Based Question (DBQ) </td> <td>60 minutes (including 15-minute reading period) </td> <td>1 question </td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Essay Question (LEQ) </td> <td>40 minutes </td> <td>1 question </td> <td>15% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_Response_sections">Free Response sections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AP_European_History&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Free Response sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Free Response sections of the test offer some choice.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Short Answer Question (SAQ): (complete 3 of 4) <ul><li>Two questions spanning 1600-2001 (<i>both mandatory</i>)</li> <li>Choice between questions Q3 (periods 1 and 2) and Q4 (periods 3 and 4)</li></ul></li> <li>Long Essay Question (LEQ): (complete 1 of 3) <ul><li>Choice between questions Q1 (period 1), Q2 (periods 2 and 3) and Q3 (periods 3 and 4)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grade_distributions">Grade distributions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AP_European_History&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grade distributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The grade distributions as of 2023 are as follows<b>:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Final Score </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2011<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2012<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2013<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2014<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2015<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2016<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2017<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2022<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2023<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2024<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>11.1% </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>13.9% </td> <td>12.7% </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>10.5% </td> <td>10.4% </td> <td>8.6% </td> <td>10.3% </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td>11.9% </td> <td>11.7% </td> <td>13.7% </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>13.5% </td> <td>12.9% </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td>18.9% </td> <td>17.2% </td> <td>19.2% </td> <td>18.4% </td> <td>18.7% </td> <td>19.2% </td> <td>18.8% </td> <td>16.9% </td> <td>17.3% </td> <td>16.0% </td> <td>18.6% </td> <td>19.9% </td> <td>20.5% </td> <td>20.1% </td> <td>19.4% </td> <td>21.0% </td> <td>21.3% </td> <td>34% </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>35.9% </td> <td>34.9% </td> <td>33.9% </td> <td>34.5% </td> <td>35.5% </td> <td>36.0% </td> <td>34.8% </td> <td>34.0% </td> <td>35.6% </td> <td>29.2% </td> <td>28.0% </td> <td>25.9% </td> <td>25.9% </td> <td>25.5% </td> <td>24.7% </td> <td>24.4% </td> <td>25.2% </td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>11.2% </td> <td>12.1% </td> <td>11.3% </td> <td>11.2% </td> <td>11.6% </td> <td>10.8% </td> <td>11.0% </td> <td>11.8% </td> <td>10.7% </td> <td>35.1% </td> <td>31.9% </td> <td>30.0% </td> <td>29.4% </td> <td>29.2% </td> <td>32.5% </td> <td>29.7% </td> <td>29.0% </td> <td>21% </td></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>22.9% </td> <td>26.6% </td> <td>21.7% </td> <td>23.2% </td> <td>23.6% </td> <td>23.5% </td> <td>25.0% </td> <td>28.7% </td> <td>26.2% </td> <td>12.3% </td> <td>12.1% </td> <td>12.2% </td> <td>12.5% </td> <td>11.5% </td> <td>12.9% </td> <td>11.4% </td> <td>11.6% </td> <td>7% </td></tr> <tr> <th>% of Scores 3 or Higher </th> <td>65.9% </td> <td>61.3% </td> <td>67.0% </td> <td>65.6% </td> <td>64.9% </td> <td>65.8% </td> <td>63.9% </td> <td>59.5% </td> <td>63.2% </td> <td>52.6% </td> <td>56.0% </td> <td>57.7% </td> <td>58.1% </td> <td>59.3% </td> <td>54.6% </td> <td>58.9% </td> <td>59.4% </td> <td>72% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean Score </th> <td>2.84 </td> <td>2.70 </td> <td>2.92 </td> <td>2.86 </td> <td>2.81 </td> <td>2.83 </td> <td>2.78 </td> <td>2.65 </td> <td>2.75 </td> <td>2.71 </td> <td>2.81 </td> <td>2.89 </td> <td>2.90 </td> <td>2.95 </td> <td>2.82 </td> <td>2.95 </td> <td>2.95 </td> <td>3.25 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Standard Deviation </th> <td>1.28 </td> <td>1.28 </td> <td>1.31 </td> <td>1.31 </td> <td>1.28 </td> <td>1.28 </td> <td>1.29 </td> <td>1.29 </td> <td>1.29 </td> <td>1.10 </td> <td>1.15 </td> <td>1.21 </td> <td>1.21 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>1.19 </td> <td>1.23 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>1.13 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Number of Students </th> <td>97,042 </td> <td>100,648 </td> <td>101,359 </td> <td>102,629 </td> <td>107,392 </td> <td>108,854 </td> <td>109,878 </td> <td>110,297 </td> <td>107,267 </td> <td>109,031 </td> <td>105,347 </td> <td>101,740 </td> <td>100,655 </td> <td>94,312 </td> <td>84,237 </td> <td>80,152 </td> <td>81,788 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AP_European_History&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf">AP European History</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Retrieved on February 12, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf">AP European History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/ap-european-history-course-and-exam-description.pdf">European History Course Description</a> retrieved on September 7, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/exam/exam_questions/2085.html">European History Exam Overview</a></span> </li> <li 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