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Kui usud, et sind on blokeeritud ekslikult, leiad lisateavet ja juhised <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">avatud prokside keelamist</a> puudutavast globaalsest reeglistikust. </p> Muul juhul <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">postita palun blokeeringu arutamiseks palve</a>, mis metavikis üle vaadatakse. Saad ka saata <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stjuuarditele</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>-süsteemi aadressile <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> kirja, millele on lisatud kõik ülaltoodud üksikasjad.</div></div><hr /> <p>Saad vaadata ja kopeerida selle lehekülje lähteteksti. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="et" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Elektromagnetism|cTopic=[[Elektrostaatika]]}} '''Elektrostaatika''' on [[füüsika]] [[teadusharu|haru]], mis uurib [[inertsiaalsüsteem |inertsiaalse taustsüsteemi]] suhtes paigalseisvate [[elektrilaeng|elektriliselt laetud]] [[osake]]ste ja [[keha]]de elektrilise vastastikmõju ja tasakaalu tingimusi. Elektrostaatika põhiülesanne on [[elektriväli|elektrivälja]] kuju leidmine [[laeng]]ute, [[elektrijuht|juhtide]], [[dielektrik]]ute ja muude laetud kehade etteantud paigutuse järgi. Elektrivälja kuju järgi on võimalik arvutada ka laengutele mõjuvaid jõude. Elektrivälja kuju arvutamise üks põhivõrrandeid on [[Poissoni võrrand]]. Elektrostaatika nähtused põhinevad [[jõud]]udelt, mida elektrilaengud vastastikku avaldavad. Neid jõude kirjeldab [[Coulomb'i seadus]] (1785), millele 19. sajandi esimesel poolel lisandus vajalik matemaatiline teooria. == Ajaloost == Juba iidsetel aegadel oli teada, et mõned materjalid, nagu näiteks [[merevaik]], tõmbavad pärast riide või karusnahaga hõõrumist ligi väikseid kergeid osakesi (vt [[Staatiline elekter]]). [[William Gilbert]] jätkas [[Petrus Peregrinus]]e 13. sajandist pärit tööd ja leidis, et hõõrumise teel saab samasugust efekti saavutada ka teisi materjale kasutades ning töötas välja varajase [[elektroskoop |elektroskoobi]] mudeli. Oma 1600. aastal ilmunud raamatus „De Magnete, Magnetisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure“ (Magnetist, magnetilistest kehadest ja suurest magnetist Maa) võttis ta kasutusele merevaiguga seotud nähtuste kohta uusladinakeelse termini ''electrica'',(merevaik on [[ladina keel]]es ''electron''). == Ülevaade == Jõud, mida [[elektrilaeng |laeng]] ''Q'' objektile avaldab, on [[võrdelisussus|võrdeline]] objekti laenguga ''q''. Seega saab seda kirjeldada valemiga <math>F =q \cdot E</math>, kus ''E'' on laenguga ''Q'' kaasneva [[elektrivälja tugevus]]. Väline staatiline [[elektriväli]] mõjub [[elektrijuht]]idele ja [[dielektrik]]utele erinevalt. Vabad elektrilaengud juhtides, nt [[elektron]]id metallides, paiknevad makroskoopiliselt ümber nii, et elektriväli kaob kogu juhi sisemuses (vt [[Faraday puur]]). See nähtus põhineb [[Elektrostaatiline induktsioon |elektrostaatilisel induktsioonil]]. Isoleerainetes reageerivad seotud laengud, s.t aatomite [[elektron]]id ja [[aatomituum]]ad, väljale lokaalselt (mikroskoopiliselt) vastastikuse nihkega, mille käigus aine [[Dielektriline polarisatsioon| polariseerub]]. Jõud ''F'', mida elektrostaatiline väli [[elektrivälja tugevus |tugevusega]] ''E'' avaldab proovilaengule (idealiseeritud elektriliselt laetud punktikujulisele proovikehale) ''q'', on [[Konservatiivne jõud (füüsika) |konservatiivne jõud]]. See tähendab, et proovilaengu [[potentsiaalne energia]] ''W'' elektrostaatilises väljas sõltub ainult proovilaengu asendi muutusest, mitte aga teekonnast, mida mööda proovilaeng viidi ühest punktist teise. See tähendab ka seda, et elektrostaatilist välja saab esitada [[Elektrivälja potentsiaal |elektrilise potentsiaali]] <math> \phi</math> [[gradient |gradiendina]]. Proovilaengu potentsiaalne energia on seega <math>W = q \cdot \phi</math>. Kahe elektripotentsiaali erinevust väljendav [[füüsikaline suurus]] on [[elektripinge]]. Elektrivälja kadumine <math>E = 0</math> on samaväärne ruumiliselt konstantse elektripotentsiaaliga <math>\phi</math> = const. == Staatiliste laengute esinemine, tekitamine, rakendused == Esinemine looduses ja igapäevaelus: * [[äike]]sepilved; * [[Maa elektrostaatiline väli]]; * [[hõõrdeelekter]]. Kõrgepinge tekitamine staatiliste laengute tülekandmise teel (teaduses, õppetöös): * [[elektrostaatiline masin]] * [[Van de Graaffi generaator]] Rakendusi: * [[elektrostaatiline filter]]; * elektrostaatiline [[aerosoolvärvimine]]; *elektrostaatiline [[pulbervärvimine]] * [[kserograafia]] == Vaata ka == * [[Elektromagnetism]] * [[Staatiline elekter]] * [[Elektrostaatiline väli]] * [[Magnetostaatika]] [[Kategooria:Elektrostaatika| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Sellel leheküljel on kasutusel järgmised mallid: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall:Elektromagnetism" title="Mall:Elektromagnetism">Mall:Elektromagnetism</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:Elektromagnetism&action=edit" title="Mall:Elektromagnetism">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast" title="Mall:Külgteemakast">Mall:Külgteemakast</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast&action=edit" title="Mall:Külgteemakast">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast/styles.css" title="Mall:Külgteemakast/styles.css">Mall:Külgteemakast/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast/styles.css&action=edit" title="Mall:Külgteemakast/styles.css">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast_peidetava_loendiga" title="Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga">Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast_peidetava_loendiga&action=edit" title="Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast_peidetava_loendiga/rida" title="Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga/rida">Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga/rida</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:K%C3%BClgteemakast_peidetava_loendiga/rida&action=edit" title="Mall:Külgteemakast peidetava loendiga/rida">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:Navbar" title="Mall:Navbar">Mall:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:Navbar&action=edit" title="Mall:Navbar">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:R%C3%B5htloend" title="Mall:Rõhtloend">Mall:Rõhtloend</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:R%C3%B5htloend&action=edit" title="Mall:Rõhtloend">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mall:R%C3%B5htloend/styles.css" title="Mall:Rõhtloend/styles.css">Mall:Rõhtloend/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mall:R%C3%B5htloend/styles.css&action=edit" title="Mall:Rõhtloend/styles.css">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Moodul:Arguments" title="Moodul:Arguments">Moodul:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moodul:Arguments&action=edit" title="Moodul:Arguments">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Moodul:Navbar" title="Moodul:Navbar">Moodul:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moodul:Navbar&action=edit" title="Moodul:Navbar">muuda</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Moodul:Navbar/styles.css" title="Moodul:Navbar/styles.css">Moodul:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moodul:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Moodul:Navbar/styles.css">muuda</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Naase lehele <a href="/wiki/Elektrostaatika" title="Elektrostaatika">Elektrostaatika</a></p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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