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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Paruna" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Paruna" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Paruna" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Paruna" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definīcija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definīcija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definīcija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definīcija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sakāmvārdu_izcelsme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakāmvārdu_izcelsme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sakāmvārdu izcelsme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakāmvārdu_izcelsme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latviešu_sakāmvārdi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latviešu_sakāmvārdi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Latviešu sakāmvārdi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latviešu_sakāmvārdi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paruna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 133 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreekwoord" title="Spreekwoord – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spreekwoord" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8C" title="ምሳሌ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ምሳሌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84" title="ضرب المثل – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضرب المثل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%89" title="مثل شعبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مثل شعبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="প্ৰবাদ – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalar_s%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Atalar sözü – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atalar sözü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мәҡәлдәр һәм әйтемдәр – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәҡәлдәр һәм әйтемдәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paribasa" title="Paribasa – baliešu" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Paribasa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patarl%C4%97" title="Patarlė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Patarlė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariwaga" title="Ariwaga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ariwaga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прыказка – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прыказка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прыказка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прыказка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пословица – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пословица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="कहावत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कहावत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paribasa" title="Paribasa – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paribasa" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zana" title="Zana – bambaru" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Zana" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রবাদ-প্রবচন – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবাদ-প্রবচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="གཏམ་དཔེ། – tibetiešu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཏམ་དཔེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krennlavar" title="Krennlavar – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Krennlavar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbi" title="Proverbi – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Proverbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кица – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кица" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پەندی پێشینان – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەندی پێشینان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADslov%C3%AD" title="Přísloví – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přísloví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%C4%95" title="Ваттисен сăмахĕ – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ваттисен сăмахĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihareb" title="Dihareb – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dihareb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordsprog" title="Ordsprog – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ordsprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagbanli_%C5%8Baha" title="Dagbanli ŋaha – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Dagbanli ŋaha" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprichwort" title="Sprichwort – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprichwort" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaten%C3%AA_ver%C3%AAnan" title="Vatenê verênan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vatenê verênan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Παροιμία – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παροιμία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proverb" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbo" title="Proverbo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proverbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbio" title="Proverbio – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proverbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanas%C3%B5na" title="Vanasõna – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanasõna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsotitz" title="Atsotitz – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atsotitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84" title="ضرب‌المثل – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضرب‌المثل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sananlasku" title="Sananlasku – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sananlasku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodido" title="Lodido – fonu" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Lodido" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbe" title="Proverbe – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proverbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprekwurd" title="Sprekwurd – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sprekwurd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seanfhocal" title="Seanfhocal – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seanfhocal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbio" title="Proverbio – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Proverbio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDnga" title="Ñe'ẽnga – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽnga" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_magana" title="Karin magana – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karin magana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%9D" title="פתגם – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פתגם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="लोकोक्ति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोकोक्ति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslovica" title="Poslovica – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poslovica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitid_se_vis" title="Abitid se vis – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Abitid se vis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zmond%C3%A1s" title="Közmondás – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közmondás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Ասացվածք – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ասացվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peribahasa" title="Peribahasa – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peribahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dl%C3%BA" title="Ílú – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ílú" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbo" title="Proverbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Proverbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lsh%C3%A1ttur" title="Málsháttur – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málsháttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbio" title="Proverbio – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Proverbio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8F%E3%81%96" title="ことわざ – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ことわざ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="ანდაზა – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდაზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D2%A3" title="Нақыл өлең – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нақыл өлең" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86" title="ಗಾದೆ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾದೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8D%EB%8B%B4" title="속담 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="속담" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotin%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9Fiyan" title="Gotinên pêşiyan – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gotinên pêşiyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%B3" title="Шусьӧг – komiešu" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шусьӧг" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbium" title="Proverbium – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proverbium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A9chwuert" title="Spréchwuert – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Spréchwuert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbo" title="Proverbo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Proverbo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjpraekwoord" title="Sjpraekwoord – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjpraekwoord" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patarl%C4%97" title="Patarlė – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patarlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%ABruna" title="Pīruna – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Pīruna" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parbh%C3%A2san" title="Parbhâsan – maduriešu" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Parbhâsan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohabolana" title="Ohabolana – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ohabolana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81rangi_whakatauk%C4%AB" title="Rārangi whakataukī – maoru" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rārangi whakataukī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Поговорка – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Поговорка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D" title="പഴഞ്ചൊല്ല് – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഴഞ്ചൊല്ല്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%80_%D2%AF%D0%B3" title="Зүйр үг – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүйр үг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peribahasa" title="Peribahasa – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peribahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6" title="စကားပုံ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကားပုံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Валмеревкс – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Валмеревкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaedola" title="Amaedola – njasu" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Amaedola" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="njasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreekwoord" title="Spreekwoord – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spreekwoord" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordtak" title="Ordtak – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ordtak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordspr%C3%A5k" title="Ordspråk – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ordspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%A8rbi" title="Provèrbi – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Provèrbi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammaaksa" title="Mammaaksa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Mammaaksa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Æмбисонд – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æмбисонд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਕਹਾਵਤਾਂ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਹਾਵਤਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbio" title="Proverbio – papjamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Proverbio" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papjamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprichwort" title="Sprichwort – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Sprichwort" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przys%C5%82owie" title="Przysłowie – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przysłowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb_e_sentense" title="Proverb e sentense – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Proverb e sentense" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA" title="کہاوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کہاوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84" title="متل – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="متل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%A9rbio" title="Provérbio – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Provérbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proverb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пословица – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пословица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Өс хоһооно – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өс хоһооно" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruverbiu" title="Pruverbiu – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pruverbiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%88" title="پهاڪو – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پهاڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslovica" title="Poslovica – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poslovica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94" title="ප්‍රස්තාව පිරුළු – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රස්තාව පිරුළු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Proverb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADslovie" title="Príslovie – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Príslovie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maahmaah" title="Maahmaah – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maahmaah" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjal%C3%AB_t%C3%AB_urta" title="Fjalë të urta – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fjalë të urta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пословица – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пословица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A4kwoud" title="Spräkwoud – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Spräkwoud" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordspr%C3%A5k" title="Ordspråk – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ordspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methali" title="Methali – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Methali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/satudawa" title="satudawa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="satudawa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பழமொழி – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பழமொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಗಾದೆಲು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಗಾದೆಲು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="సామెతలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సామెతలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Зарбулмасал – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зарбулмасал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salawikain" title="Salawikain – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salawikain" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolon_syxan" title="Jolon syxan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jolon syxan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maele" title="Maele – cvanu" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Maele" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="cvanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atas%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Atasözü – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atasözü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мәкаль – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәкаль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C9%9Bbuo" title="Abɛbuo – tvī" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Abɛbuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="tvī" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Прислів'я – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прислів'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84" title="ضرب المثل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ضرب المثل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqol" title="Maqol – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maqol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverbio" title="Proverbio – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Proverbio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%A5c_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Tục ngữ – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tục ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot" title="Spot – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Spot" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darahonon" title="Darahonon – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Darahonon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ebu" title="Léebu – volofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Léebu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="谚语 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="谚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Үлгүрмүд – kalmiku" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Үлгүрмүд" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F" title="סלאגאן – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סלאגאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenyij" title="Yenyij – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenyij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89" title="ⴰⵏⵣⵉ – standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⵣⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standarta tamazigtu (Maroka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="谚语 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="谚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="諺語 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="諺語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35102#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Paruna" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&oldid=4180735" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Paruna&id=4180735&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kā pareizi atsaukties uz šo rakstu"><span>Atsauce uz šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParuna"><span>Iegūt saīsinātu URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParuna"><span>Lejupielādēt QR kodu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukāt/eksportēt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Paruna"><span>Izveidot grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Paruna&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Proverbs" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35102" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/235px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg" decoding="async" width="235" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/353px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg/470px-Ognisko_ubt_0126.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>"Nav dūmu bez uguns" (latviešu sakāmvārds)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Paruna</b>, <b>sakāmvārds</b> jeb <b>tautas teiciens</b> ir vienkāršs, kodolīgs un konkrēts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izteiciens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izteiciens (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">izteiciens</a>, kas ietver vispārinātu <a href="/wiki/Spriedums" title="Spriedums">spriedumu</a> par dzīvi vai cilvēku attiecībām,<sup id="cite_ref-Štokmane,_Vīduša_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Štokmane,_Vīduša-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atspoguļojot vispārēju <a href="/wiki/Paties%C4%ABba" title="Patiesība">patiesību</a>. Šie izteicieni ir balstīti uz tautas gudrību, praktisku <a href="/wiki/Pieredze" title="Pieredze">pieredzi</a> un izplatītām nozīmēm, padarot tos par neatņemamu daļu no <a href="/wiki/Kult%C5%ABra" title="Kultūra">kultūras</a> mantojuma. Parunas parasti ir saistītas ar populāri zināmām un atkārtotām situācijām, un tām bieži vien piemīt <a href="/wiki/Metafora" title="Metafora">metaforisks</a> raksturs, kas padara tās izteiksmīgas un viegli atceramas. Atšķirībā no sakāmvārdiem, parunās bieži tiek izmantoti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sal%C4%ABdzin%C4%81jums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salīdzinājums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">salīdzinājumi</a>, piešķirot tiem papildu stilistisku niansi. </p><p>Parunas un sakāmvārdus dēvē arī par <b>parēmijām</b>, un tās kopā ar <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABkla_(uzdevums)" title="Mīkla (uzdevums)">mīklām</a> pieder pie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahilo%C4%A3ismi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahiloģismi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">brahiloģismiem</a>. Zinātne, kas pēta parunu un sakāmvārdu izcelsmi, attīstību un funkcijas, tiek saukta par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paremiolo%C4%A3ija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paremioloģija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">paremioloģiju</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grie%C4%B7u_valoda" title="Grieķu valoda">grieķu</a>: <span lang="el"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;"><i>παροιμία</i></span></span>, <i>paroimía</i> — ‘sakāmvārds’). Šiem izteicieniem ir nozīmīga loma ikdienas <a href="/wiki/Sazi%C5%86a" title="Saziņa">saziņā</a>, ne tikai bagātinot valodu, bet arī nododot no paaudzes paaudzē tautas kolektīvo <a href="/wiki/Gudr%C4%ABba" title="Gudrība">gudrību</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor%C4%81les_norma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morāles norma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">morāles normas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definīcija"><span id="Defin.C4.ABcija"></span>Definīcija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Definīcija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Definīcija"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paruna un sakāmvārds ir tautas valodā iesakņojušies izteicieni, kas kodolīgi un metaforiski izsaka vispārējus dzīves novērojumus, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor%C4%81les_norma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morāles norma (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">morāles normas</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Padoms" title="Padoms">padomus</a>. Šie izteicieni tiek plaši izmantoti ikdienas saziņā, lai izteiktu domu vai vēstījumu, izmantojot vienkāršu un labi saprotamu formu. Sakāmvārdi bieži atspoguļo sabiedrībā pastāvošas normas un vērtības, kļūstot par kolektīvās gudrības un pieredzes nesējiem. Parunām un sakāmvārdiem raksturīga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ritmika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ritmika (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ritmika</a> vai paralēlisms, kas palīdz tos viegli iegaumēt un atkārtoti izmantot dažādās situācijās. </p><p>Lai gan termini ‘paruna’ un ‘sakāmvārds’ bieži tiek izmantoti kā <a href="/wiki/Sinon%C4%ABms" title="Sinonīms">sinonīmi</a>, pastāv noteiktas atšķirības starp šiem jēdzieniem. Sakāmvārds parasti ir īss, labi zināms teiciens, kas ietver vispārēju patiesību vai dzīves mācību, bieži vien izteiktu kodolīgā formā. Piemēram, sakāmvārds “Visgardāk smejas pēdējais” norāda uz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paciet%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacietība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pacietības</a> un laika nozīmīgumu. Savukārt paruna ir tuvāka metaforiskiem izteicieniem, kas var nebūt tieši saistīti ar vispārēju patiesību, bet vairāk ar konkrētiem novērojumiem vai salīdzinājumiem. Piemēram, paruna “Kā auns pie jauniem vārtiem” raksturo neziņu, nesaprašanu, ko darīt. </p><p>Lai gan abas formas ir tautā plaši izplatītas un bieži pārklājas, parunas biežāk izmanto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sal%C4%ABdzin%C4%81jums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salīdzinājums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">salīdzinājumus</a>, kamēr sakāmvārdi mēdz būt tiešāki savā vēstījumā. </p><p>Papildus parunām un sakāmvārdiem, pastāv arī citi līdzīgi jēdzieni, kas atspoguļo tautas vai individuālās gudrības izpausmes. Tie ir šādi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frazeolo%C4%A3isms" title="Frazeoloģisms">frazeoloģismi</a> ir izteicieni, kuriem ir fiksēta, figurāla nozīme, kas bieži atšķiras no vārdu tiešās nozīmes, piemēram, izteiciens “sēdēt uz diviem krēsliem” nozīmē mēģināt darīt divas nesavienojamas lietas vienlaicīgi;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aforisms" title="Aforisms">aforismi</a> ir īsi, asprātīgi izteicieni, kas bieži pauž dziļas patiesības vai novērojumus par dzīvi. Tie bieži ir filozofiski vai intelektuāli rakstura, piemēram, “zināšanas ir spēks”.</li></ul> <p>Kaut arī šie jēdzieni dažkārt pārklājas un tiem ir līdzīgas funkcijas un lietojumi, katram ir savas specifiskās īpašības un pielietojuma konteksts. Parunas un sakāmvārdi kā valodas formas izceļas ar savu tautas izcelsmi un plašo lietojumu kultūras un valodas kontekstā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakāmvārdu_izcelsme"><span id="Sak.C4.81mv.C4.81rdu_izcelsme"></span>Sakāmvārdu izcelsme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Sakāmvārdu izcelsme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Sakāmvārdu izcelsme"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daudzi sakāmvārdi ir zināmi teju vai visā pasaulē, tie ir ļoti līdzīgi. Pētnieki vēl joprojām nav atraduši atbildi uz šo jautājumu.<sup id="cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D._Jurika-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ir bijuši mēģinājumi noskaidrot izplatītāko sakāmvārdu izcelsmi, bet tie ir bijuši neveiksmīgi, vai pat nav nemaz iespējams to paveikt.<sup id="cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D._Jurika-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sakāmvārdu klasifikācijā tiek izmantots termins "starptautisks sakāmvārdu celms", kur iekļauj līdzīgos sakāmvārdus dažādās valodās. Pētnieki šo sakāmvārdu celmu piedēvē <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEefrijs_%C4%8Cosers" title="Džefrijs Čosers">Džefrijam Čoseram</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Viljams_%C5%A0eksp%C4%ABrs" title="Viljams Šekspīrs">Viljamam Šekspīram</a>, daži pētnieki to saista arī ar <a href="/wiki/%C4%92zops" title="Ēzops">Ēzopa</a> fabulām. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latviešu_sakāmvārdi"><span id="Latvie.C5.A1u_sak.C4.81mv.C4.81rdi"></span>Latviešu sakāmvārdi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Latviešu sakāmvārdi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Latviešu sakāmvārdi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salīdzinājumā ar citu valstu un tautu sakāmvārdiem, latviešu sakāmvārdos salīdzinoši bieži ir sastopams <a href="/wiki/Velns_(latvie%C5%A1u_mitolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Velns (latviešu mitoloģija)">velns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D._Jurika-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visbiežāk viņš ir kā blēņdaris, joku plēsējs. Velns tiek saistīts arī dabu. Bieži tiek uzsvērta arī <a href="/wiki/Str%C4%81d%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Strādāšana">darba</a> nozīme ikdienas dzīvē, piemēram, "katram darbam sava svētība" vai "acis darba nobijās, rokas darba nebijās". Nereti sakāmvārdos tiek uzsvērts <a href="/wiki/Taisn%C4%ABgums" title="Taisnīgums">taisnīgums</a> un noniecināta <a href="/wiki/Liekul%C4%ABba" title="Liekulība">liekulība</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Štokmane,_Vīduša-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Štokmane,_Vīduša_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Daina Štokmane, Iveta Vīduša. <i>Literatūra 7. klasei. 1. daļa</i>. <a href="/wiki/Zvaigzne_ABC" title="Zvaigzne ABC">Zvaigzne ABC</a>, 2014. 112. lpp.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D._Jurika-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-D._Jurika_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Dace Kokarēviča. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la.lv/kapec-klusesana-vairs-nav-zelts/">«Kāpēc klusēšana vairs nav zelts. Sakāmvārdu līkumotie ceļi»</a>. Latvijas Avīze, 2017. gada 24. jūnijs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2018. gada 14. maijā</span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paruna&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Elza Kokare. <i>Latviešu un vācu sakāmvārdu paralēles</i>. Zinātne, 1988. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785796601365" title="Special:BookSources/9785796601365">9785796601365</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220221450/http://valoda.ailab.lv/folklora/sakamvardi/">«Latviešu sakāmvārdu datorfonds»</a>. valoda.ailab.lv. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://valoda.ailab.lv/folklora/sakamvardi/">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2018. gada 20. februārī<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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