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Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors – UCL Press
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/><title>Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors – UCL Press</title><link rel="preload" href="/css/fonts/scienceopen_icons_01_032.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/favicon/ucl-press/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon/ucl-press/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon/ucl-press/favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="manifest" href="/favicon/ucl-press/site.webmanifest"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/favicon/ucl-press/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#950000"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon/ucl-press/favicon.ico"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#950000"><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/favicon/ucl-press/browserconfig.xml"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><script> /*<![CDATA[*/ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { // 'ad_storage': _$_adStorage_, 'analytics_storage': "denied" }); gtag('js', new Date()); var opt = { 'send_page_view': true, 'user_id': null, 'page_path': window.location.pathname + window.location.search, 'dimension0': "no", 'dimension1': "document", 'dimension2': "article", 'dimension3': "yes", 'dimension4': "yes", 'dimension5': "-", 'dimension6': "2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356" }; gtag('config', "G-Q248D59C77", opt); if (opt.send_page_view) { console.log('[rcjjr1] analytics page view:', opt); } /*]]>*/ </script><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZTPCWS1PZ8"></script><meta name="citation.issue" content="1"/><meta name="citation_issn" content="2050-9006"/><meta name="citation_volume" content="19"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors"/><meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3/API/large.png"/><meta name="citation_keywords" content="race,privatization,aesthetics,interior design,luxury,urban space,racial publics"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="citation_title" content="Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors"/><meta name="citation_doi" content="10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Arzumanova, Inna"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Architecture_MPS"/><meta name="citation_date" content="2021-04-01"/><meta name="description" content="<p class="first" id="d3310698e106">In the days following the onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that this humanitarian health crisis would be accompanied by a financial crisis. In response to these inevitabilities, the industries that make up the consumer design sector – interior design, decor, architecture, fashion and so on – quickly turned their attention to aestheticizing our new, increasingly private and isolationist realities, launching advertising campaigns and editorials to address these new realities. Work-from-home edits, new ‘home office’ collections, wardrobes for video conferencing and ‘digital gallery hopping’ campaigns all began encouraging consumers to accessorize their domestic spaces as a bulwark against the threats marking urban environments and their contaminated bodies; bodies that, through the notion of ‘contamination’, drag along a set of inescapable racial and class-based assumptions. Echoing the ways in which interior design, architecture and media enabled America’s ‘white flight’ and suburbanization in the 1950s, luxury retailers are again inviting privileged populations to retreat and design their homes as comfortable bunkers, full of the accessories of art, travel and public life, without the risk of actual encounter. In this article, I argue that these luxury industries are complicit in renewing a post-pandemic racialization of urban space. In the contemporary moment, the luxury design industry’s entreaties to (re)design our homes to accommodate a newly public life led in private amounts to a symbolic suburbanization founded in the fear of ‘contaminated’ racialized bodies. </p>"/><meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3/API/jatsInput.xml"/><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3/API/AMPS-19-4.pdf"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="<p class="first" id="d3310698e106">In the days following the onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that this humanitarian health crisis would be accompanied by a financial crisis. In response to these inevitabilities, the industries that make up the consumer design sector – interior design, decor, architecture, fashion and so on – quickly turned their attention to aestheticizing our new, increasingly private and isolationist realities, launching advertising campaigns and editorials to address these new realities. Work-from-home edits, new ‘home office’ collections, wardrobes for video conferencing and ‘digital gallery hopping’ campaigns all began encouraging consumers to accessorize their domestic spaces as a bulwark against the threats marking urban environments and their contaminated bodies; bodies that, through the notion of ‘contamination’, drag along a set of inescapable racial and class-based assumptions. Echoing the ways in which interior design, architecture and media enabled America’s ‘white flight’ and suburbanization in the 1950s, luxury retailers are again inviting privileged populations to retreat and design their homes as comfortable bunkers, full of the accessories of art, travel and public life, without the risk of actual encounter. In this article, I argue that these luxury industries are complicit in renewing a post-pandemic racialization of urban space. In the contemporary moment, the luxury design industry’s entreaties to (re)design our homes to accommodate a newly public life led in private amounts to a symbolic suburbanization founded in the fear of ‘contaminated’ racialized bodies. </p>"/><meta name="citation_publisher" content="UCL Press"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@Science_Open"/><meta name="citation_abstract" content="<p class="first" id="d3310698e106">In the days following the onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that this humanitarian health crisis would be accompanied by a financial crisis. In response to these inevitabilities, the industries that make up the consumer design sector – interior design, decor, architecture, fashion and so on – quickly turned their attention to aestheticizing our new, increasingly private and isolationist realities, launching advertising campaigns and editorials to address these new realities. Work-from-home edits, new ‘home office’ collections, wardrobes for video conferencing and ‘digital gallery hopping’ campaigns all began encouraging consumers to accessorize their domestic spaces as a bulwark against the threats marking urban environments and their contaminated bodies; bodies that, through the notion of ‘contamination’, drag along a set of inescapable racial and class-based assumptions. Echoing the ways in which interior design, architecture and media enabled America’s ‘white flight’ and suburbanization in the 1950s, luxury retailers are again inviting privileged populations to retreat and design their homes as comfortable bunkers, full of the accessories of art, travel and public life, without the risk of actual encounter. In this article, I argue that these luxury industries are complicit in renewing a post-pandemic racialization of urban space. In the contemporary moment, the luxury design industry’s entreaties to (re)design our homes to accommodate a newly public life led in private amounts to a symbolic suburbanization founded in the fear of ‘contaminated’ racialized bodies. </p>"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:title" content="Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors"/><meta property="og:description" content="<p class="first" id="d3310698e106">In the days following the onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that this humanitarian health crisis would be accompanied by a financial crisis. In response to these inevitabilities, the industries that make up the consumer design sector – interior design, decor, architecture, fashion and so on – quickly turned their attention to aestheticizing our new, increasingly private and isolationist realities, launching advertising campaigns and editorials to address these new realities. Work-from-home edits, new ‘home office’ collections, wardrobes for video conferencing and ‘digital gallery hopping’ campaigns all began encouraging consumers to accessorize their domestic spaces as a bulwark against the threats marking urban environments and their contaminated bodies; bodies that, through the notion of ‘contamination’, drag along a set of inescapable racial and class-based assumptions. Echoing the ways in which interior design, architecture and media enabled America’s ‘white flight’ and suburbanization in the 1950s, luxury retailers are again inviting privileged populations to retreat and design their homes as comfortable bunkers, full of the accessories of art, travel and public life, without the risk of actual encounter. In this article, I argue that these luxury industries are complicit in renewing a post-pandemic racialization of urban space. In the contemporary moment, the luxury design industry’s entreaties to (re)design our homes to accommodate a newly public life led in private amounts to a symbolic suburbanization founded in the fear of ‘contaminated’ racialized bodies. </p>"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="ScienceOpen"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document?vid=2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document_file/b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3/API/large.png"/><link href="https://www.scienceopen.com/document?id=b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3" rel="alternate"/><link href="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document?id=b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3" rel="alternate"/><link href="https://www.scienceopen.com/document/vid/2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356" rel="alternate"/><link href="https://uclpress.scienceopen.com/document/vid/2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356" rel="alternate"/><link 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class="so-layout-section"><div class="so-m-b-10"><div class="so-clearfix"><ul class="so-tiers so-f-l so--1"><li>Record<span class="so-sr">: found</span></li><li>Abstract<span class="so-sr">: found</span></li><li>Article<span class="so-sr">: found</span></li></ul><span class="so-tiers-open-access so-icon so--open-access"><span class="so-sr">Is Open Access</span></span></div></div><h1 class="so-article-header-title" dir="auto" itemprop="name">Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and ‘Contamination’ in Luxury Design Sectors</h1><div class="so-b3-container so--5 so-m-b-5"><div class="so-b3-label so--tiny-font so--borderless so--gray-1">research-article</div></div><div class="so-article-image so-user-image-wrapper so--3-cols"><img class="so-user-image" src="./document_file/b706740b-1c9d-40ed-a42b-b2074720e5b3/API/large.png" alt="" itemprop="image"/></div><div><div class="so-d so-article-header-text"> <div class="so-article-header-info"> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Author(s): </span> <a id="d37398562e35" class="named-anchor"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <a xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" href="/search#author/84b5c9f2-a173-4873-9d5e-a94deecc7ee1"> <span itemprop="author">Inna Arzumanova</span> </a> </div> <div class="so-article-header-info"> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Editor(s): </span> <a id="d37398562e41" class="named-anchor"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <a xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" href="/search#author/19aa436a-d97b-4035-acf0-ba2cb9fad87e"> <span itemprop="author">Dr Maciej Stasiowski</span> </a> </div> <div class="so-article-header-info"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Publication date <span class="data"> (Electronic): </span> </span> <span itemprop="datePublished">01 April 2021 </span> </div> <div class="so-article-header-info"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Journal: </span> <a itemprop="journal-url" 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Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.</em></div></div><span><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><div xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <section class="so-layout-section" id="d37398562e105"> <header class="so-layout-section-header so-openable" data-is-open=""> <h3 class="so-layout-section-title"> Abstract </h3> </header> <div class="so-d" itemprop="description" dir="auto"> <p dir="auto" class="first" id="d37398562e106">In the days following the onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that this humanitarian health crisis would be accompanied by a financial crisis. In response to these inevitabilities, the industries that make up the consumer design sector – interior design, decor, architecture, fashion and so on – quickly turned their attention to aestheticizing our new, increasingly private and isolationist realities, launching advertising campaigns and editorials to address these new realities. Work-from-home edits, new ‘home office’ collections, wardrobes for video conferencing and ‘digital gallery hopping’ campaigns all began encouraging consumers to accessorize their domestic spaces as a bulwark against the threats marking urban environments and their contaminated bodies; bodies that, through the notion of ‘contamination’, drag along a set of inescapable racial and class-based assumptions. Echoing the ways in which interior design, architecture and media enabled America’s ‘white flight’ and suburbanization in the 1950s, luxury retailers are again inviting privileged populations to retreat and design their homes as comfortable bunkers, full of the accessories of art, travel and public life, without the risk of actual encounter. In this article, I argue that these luxury industries are complicit in renewing a post-pandemic racialization of urban space. In the contemporary moment, the luxury design industry’s entreaties to (re)design our homes to accommodate a newly public life led in private amounts to a symbolic suburbanization founded in the fear of ‘contaminated’ racialized bodies. </p> </div> </section> </div></span></div><script> /*<![CDATA[*/ so_init('cellux', {"id":"id2b","text":"UCL Press","color":"#a90100","bgColor":"white"}); /*]]>*/ </script><section class="so-layout-section so-print-n"><header class="so-layout-section-header"><h3 class="so-layout-section-title"><span>Related collections</span>   <span></span></h3></header><div class="so-layout-section-body"><div><div class="so-relative" id="id33"><a href='./collection/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42' data-so-util-CyclingBanner-entryID='0' class='so-banner-2 so--has-icon' style='background-image: url(./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42background-ver-1608193918000);'><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42background-ver-1608193918000' alt='' class='so-banner-2-bg '/><div class='so-banner-2-label'><h3 class='so-m-t-5 so-m-b-30 so-color-link-light'>UCL: Covid-19 Research</h3></div><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42Large-ver-1608193918000' src='/content/a/so.png' alt='' class='so-banner-2-icon'/></a></div><script> /*<![CDATA[*/ so_init('cyclingBanner', { 'containerID': "id33", 'rotationTime': 10000, 'bannerEntries': [{"markup":"<a href='./collection/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42' data-so-util-CyclingBanner-entryID='0' class='so-banner-2 so--has-icon' style='background-image: url(./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42background-ver-1608193918000);'><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42background-ver-1608193918000' alt='' class='so-banner-2-bg '/><div class='so-banner-2-label'><h3 class='so-m-t-5 so-m-b-30 so-color-link-light'>UCL: Covid-19 Research<\/h3><\/div><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/c125dfdd-e2c3-4d2f-bbad-561f0e674c42Large-ver-1608193918000' src='/content/a/so.png' alt='' class='so-banner-2-icon'/><\/a>"},{"markup":"<a href='./collection/69cf75fa-43dd-4518-b21d-8cc3a478fae1' data-so-util-CyclingBanner-entryID='1' class='so-banner-2 so--has-icon' style='background-image: url(./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/69cf75fa-43dd-4518-b21d-8cc3a478fae1background-ver-1728309017000);'><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/69cf75fa-43dd-4518-b21d-8cc3a478fae1background-ver-1728309017000' alt='' class='so-banner-2-bg '/><div class='so-banner-2-label'><h3 class='so-m-t-5 so-m-b-30 so-color-link-light'>Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19<\/h3><\/div><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/69cf75fa-43dd-4518-b21d-8cc3a478fae1Large-ver-1728309016000' src='/content/a/so.png' alt='' class='so-banner-2-icon'/><\/a>"},{"markup":"<a href='./collection/eb5817f4-f438-4e2a-9184-eb7235f25b62' data-so-util-CyclingBanner-entryID='2' class='so-banner-2 so--has-icon' style='background-image: url(./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/eb5817f4-f438-4e2a-9184-eb7235f25b62background-ver-1652197734000);'><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/eb5817f4-f438-4e2a-9184-eb7235f25b62background-ver-1652197734000' alt='' class='so-banner-2-bg '/><div class='so-banner-2-label'><h3 class='so-m-t-5 so-m-b-30 so-color-link-light'>Emerald: Coronavirus<\/h3><\/div><img src='./wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/eb5817f4-f438-4e2a-9184-eb7235f25b62Large-ver-1652197734000' src='/content/a/so.png' alt='' class='so-banner-2-icon'/><\/a>"}] }); 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href="./search#('order'~2_'context'~('content'~('id'~'2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356'_'kind'~1)_'kind'~14)_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">All references  <span class="so-icon so--triangle-right"></span></a></div></div></section><section class="so-layout-section"><header class="so-layout-section-header"><h3 class="so-layout-section-title"><span>Author and article information</span>   <span></span></h3></header><div class="so-layout-section-body"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><section xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="author-and-article-info"> <div class="so-d"> <h6> Contributors </h6> <div id="info-contributors"> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Dr Maciej Stasiowski: </span> <div xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" class="metadata-area">ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-6027</div>Role: Guest Editor </div> </div> <h6> Journal </h6> <div id="info-journal" itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemscope=""> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Journal ID (publisher-id): </span>Archit_MPS </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Title: </span>Architecture_MPS </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Publisher: </span> <span itemprop="publisher">UCL Press </span> </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">ISSN (Electronic): </span> <span itemprop="issn">2050-9006</span> </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Publication date (Electronic): </span>01 April 2021 </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Volume</span>: 19 </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Issue</span>: 1 </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Electronic Location Identifier</span>: 4 </div> <h6> Affiliations </h6> <div xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" class="so-affiliations" id="info-aff-group"> <div class="so-info-entry"> <a id="af1-Archit_MPS-19-4" class="named-anchor"> <!-- named anchor --> </a>Assistant Professor and Department Chair, Media Studies Department, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117-1080, USA </div> </div> <h6> Author notes </h6> <div xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" class="so-author-notes" id="info-author-notes"> <div class="so-info-entry"> <a id="d37398562e55" class="named-anchor"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <div class="corresp" id="c1-Archit_MPS-19-4"> <a data-nospam="">iarzumanova@ <span class="so-none">123456</span>usfca.edu </a> </div> </div> </div> <h6> Author information </h6> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions" itemprop="author">Dr Maciej Stasiowski</span> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-6027"> <span class="so-icon so--orcid so--colored"></span>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-6027 </a> </div> <h6> Article </h6> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Publisher ID: </span> Archit_MPS-19-4 <div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">DOI: </span> 10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004</div><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">SO-VID: </span> 2b174db2-2d24-4b94-a6dd-4d7b0e238356</div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Copyright © </span>© 2021, Inna Arzumanova. </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">License: </span> <p dir="auto" class="first" id="d37398562e96">This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) 4.0 <a target="xrefwindow" data-untrusted="" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" id="d37398562e98">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: <a target="xrefwindow" data-untrusted="" href="https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004" id="d37398562e101">https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004</a>. </p> </div> </div> <h6> History </h6> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Date received </span>: 10 August 2020 </div> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">Date accepted </span>: 30 September 2020 </div> <div class="counts"> <h6> Page count </h6> <div id="info-counts" class="so-info-entry"> <span>Pages</span>: 14 </div> </div> <h6> Categories </h6> <div id="info-categories"> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label"> Subject: </span>Article </div> </div> <h6> Custom metadata </h6> <div id="info-metadata"> <div class="so-info-entry"> <span class="so-metadata-label">How to Cite </span>Arzumanova, I. ‘Tasteful Bunkers: Shades of Race and “Contamination” in Luxury Design Sectors’. <i>Architecture_MPS</i> 19, 1 (2021): 4. DOI: <a target="xrefwindow" data-untrusted="" href="https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004" id="d37398562e134">https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2021v19i1.004</a>. </div> </div> </div> </section><br/><div class="so-article-header-info"><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">ScienceOpen disciplines: </span><a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00172-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Sociology</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00170-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Political science</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00133-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Political & Social philosophy</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00174-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Urban studies</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f0001a-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Architecture</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f0016c-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Communication & Media studies</a></div></div><div class="so-article-header-info"><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">Keywords: </span><a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'race'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">race</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'privatization'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">privatization</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'aesthetics'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">aesthetics</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'interior%20design'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">interior design</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'luxury'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">luxury</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'urban%20space'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">urban space</a>,<a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'racial%20publics'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">racial publics</a></div></div></div></section><div class="so-d"><div class="so-article-header-info"><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">Data availability: </span></div></div><div class="so-article-header-info"><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">ScienceOpen disciplines: </span><a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00172-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Sociology</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00170-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Political science</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00133-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Political & Social philosophy</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f00174-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Urban studies</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f0001a-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Architecture</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~0_'filters'~!('disciplines'~!('id'~'79f0016c-6f95-11e2-bcfd-0800200c9a66'_'kind'~23)*_'kind'~39)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">Communication & Media studies</a></div></div><div class="so-article-header-info"><div class="so-info-entry"><span class="so-metadata-label">Keywords: </span><a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'race'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">race</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'privatization'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">privatization</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'aesthetics'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">aesthetics</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'interior%20design'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">interior design</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'luxury'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">luxury</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'urban%20space'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">urban space</a>, <a href="./search#('order'~1_'filters'~!('query'~'racial%20publics'_'queryType'~0_'kind'~43)*_'v'~4_'orderLowestFirst'~false_'kind'~77)">racial publics</a></div></div></div><section class="so-layout-section so-print-n" id="comments"><header class="so-layout-section-header"><h3 class="so-layout-section-title">Comments</h3></header></section><div class="so-m-t-20 so-m-b-40 so-print-n"><h3 class="so-m-y-10">Comment on this article</h3><div class="so-m-y-10"><a class="so-b3 so-login-link" href="./login_redirect">Sign in to 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