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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Persian medicine</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">73 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Persian medicine</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Persian_medicine">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41163340" data-work_id="41163340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41163340/Efficacy_of_pumpkin_oil_a_Persian_medicine_product_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_insomnia_A_randomized_double_blind_clinical_trial">Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41163340" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop.<br /><br />Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia.<br /><br />Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires.<br /><br />Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p<0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.08 ± 3.21 in the pumpkin oil group and 0.28 ± 0.98 (p<0.001) in the control group.<br /><br />Conclusions: Pumpkin oil could have a significant positive effect on the quantity and the quality of sleep in patients with chronic insomnia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41163340" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb5513e2f3bed1ca0e435db62ba4b5e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61404823,"asset_id":41163340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61404823/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13838875" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes">Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13838875" type="text/json">{"id":13838875,"first_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res","last_name":"JPPRes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes","display_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/73db849da28752992bc1b6c420c97630?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41163340 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41163340"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41163340, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41163340", }); 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The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires.\n\nResults: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p\u003c0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.08 ± 3.21 in the pumpkin oil group and 0.28 ± 0.98 (p\u003c0.001) in the control group.\n\nConclusions: Pumpkin oil could have a significant positive effect on the quantity and the quality of sleep in patients with chronic insomnia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61404823,"asset_id":41163340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13838875,"first_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res","last_name":"JPPRes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes","display_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/73db849da28752992bc1b6c420c97630?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":7498,"name":"Herbals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":29420,"name":"Clinical trials (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_trials_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":37896,"name":"Insomnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":73418,"name":"Medicinal plants and natural products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_plants_and_natural_products?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":141145,"name":"Plantas Medicinales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plantas_Medicinales?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":160152,"name":"Insomnia Cure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia_Cure?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":396050,"name":"Human Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":523212,"name":"Pumpkins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkins?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":923696,"name":"Pumpkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkin?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":992299,"name":"Nasal Drops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasal_Drops?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1931002,"name":"Traditional Persian Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2960347,"name":"Oil extraction from Oil Seeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_extraction_from_Oil_Seeds?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37660012" data-work_id="37660012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37660012/PhD_Thesis_Investigating_the_Effect_of_Onopordon_Acanthium_Seed_on_Primary_Hypertension_Reduction_in_Patients_under_Treatment_by_Losartan_pdf">PhD Thesis: Investigating the Effect of Onopordon Acanthium Seed on Primary Hypertension Reduction in Patients under Treatment by Losartan.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and aims: Given the increasing prevalence of hypertension in the world, particularly in developing countries such as Iran, the purpose of this research in addition to explain the hypertension disease from the perspective of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37660012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and aims: Given the increasing prevalence of hypertension in the world, particularly in developing countries such as Iran, the purpose of this research in addition to explain the hypertension disease from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine, is investigating of one of appropriate treatment strategies which is more available and cost benefit based on traditional medicine principles.<br />Material and methods: This study was an uncontrolled clinical trial which was done in line with findings of previous in vitro study, on 20 patients (7 males, 13 females), 60-30 years old with stage I and II of primary hypertension under Losartan treatment (50mg/day), whom their blood pressure were still greater than 140/90 mmHg despite taking Losartan. Patients were treated for 8 weeks with two capsules of Onopordon acanthium seed extract twice a day (4g/day), in addition to their previous medication (Losartan 50 mg/day). Blood biochemical tests were checked, once in the first and once in the last two months. Patients were visited every two weeks and their blood pressure were recorded. <br />Results: Findings showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (BP) from 151.9±13.74 to 134.6±18.25 and diastolic Bp from 97.41±10.36 to 85.71±7.48 (P=0.003;P=0.0006, respectively). Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced 11/76%. The results of biochemical tests conducted at the beginning and end of the project included: CBC, FBS, TG, Chol, LDL, HDL, SGOT, SGPT, BUN and Cr showed no significant changes.<br />Conclusion: According to the results, it was shown that recommendation of Onopordon acanthium seed extract which simultaneously has antioxidant, diuretic and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory effects to hypertensive patients is an alternative, low-cost, accessible and yet more efficient than conventional drug therapy for hypertension.<br /><br />Keywords: Onopordon acanthium L.; hypertension; Baad aavard (Khaje bashi), medicinal plant; Iranin Traditional Medicine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37660012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9dcfc4545ff88012cacfc5bf6e4ff40e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647714,"asset_id":37660012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647714/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37660012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37660012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37660012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37660012", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37660012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37660012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37660012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37660012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy_and_Phytochemistry">Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23389" type="text/json">{"id":23389,"name":"Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy_and_Phytochemistry?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy">Phytotherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52027" type="text/json">{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37660012]'), work: {"id":37660012,"title":"PhD Thesis: Investigating the Effect of Onopordon Acanthium Seed on Primary Hypertension Reduction in Patients under Treatment by Losartan.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T13:12:34.308-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37660012/PhD_Thesis_Investigating_the_Effect_of_Onopordon_Acanthium_Seed_on_Primary_Hypertension_Reduction_in_Patients_under_Treatment_by_Losartan_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37660012","summary":"Background and aims: Given the increasing prevalence of hypertension in the world, particularly in developing countries such as Iran, the purpose of this research in addition to explain the hypertension disease from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine, is investigating of one of appropriate treatment strategies which is more available and cost benefit based on traditional medicine principles.\nMaterial and methods: This study was an uncontrolled clinical trial which was done in line with findings of previous in vitro study, on 20 patients (7 males, 13 females), 60-30 years old with stage I and II of primary hypertension under Losartan treatment (50mg/day), whom their blood pressure were still greater than 140/90 mmHg despite taking Losartan. Patients were treated for 8 weeks with two capsules of Onopordon acanthium seed extract twice a day (4g/day), in addition to their previous medication (Losartan 50 mg/day). Blood biochemical tests were checked, once in the first and once in the last two months. Patients were visited every two weeks and their blood pressure were recorded. \nResults: Findings showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (BP) from 151.9±13.74 to 134.6±18.25 and diastolic Bp from 97.41±10.36 to 85.71±7.48 (P=0.003;P=0.0006, respectively). Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced 11/76%. The results of biochemical tests conducted at the beginning and end of the project included: CBC, FBS, TG, Chol, LDL, HDL, SGOT, SGPT, BUN and Cr showed no significant changes.\nConclusion: According to the results, it was shown that recommendation of Onopordon acanthium seed extract which simultaneously has antioxidant, diuretic and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory effects to hypertensive patients is an alternative, low-cost, accessible and yet more efficient than conventional drug therapy for hypertension.\n\nKeywords: Onopordon acanthium L.; hypertension; Baad aavard (Khaje bashi), medicinal plant; Iranin Traditional Medicine.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647714,"asset_id":37660012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":23389,"name":"Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy_and_Phytochemistry?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":73418,"name":"Medicinal plants and natural products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_plants_and_natural_products?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":295203,"name":"Hypertension Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension_Management?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":724857,"name":"Traditonal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditonal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":732667,"name":"Functional Food and Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Food_and_Hypertension?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":790009,"name":"Hypertension treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension_treatment?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3048809,"name":"Onopordon acanthium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Onopordon_acanthium?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3048842,"name":"Khaje bashi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Khaje_bashi?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659483" data-work_id="37659483" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659483/Conference_paper_page_148_highlighted_pdf">Conference paper.page 148-highlighted.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: Microscopic examination of urine provides information about the urinary system diseases and systemic diseases changing the urine composition. While it seems that evaluating the microscopic features of a urine sample can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659483" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: Microscopic examination of urine<br />provides information about the urinary system<br />diseases and systemic diseases changing the<br />urine composition. While it seems that evaluating<br />the microscopic features of a urine sample can<br />provide physicians with more information about<br />the incidents in patients’ body , this study aims to<br />extract important features of macroscopic urine thatThe International Congress on Complementary and Alternative Medicine<br />AJP, Vol. 5, Suppl. 1, Oct 2015 149<br />have diagnostic importance in traditional medicine.<br />Materials and Methods: The latest findings<br />regarding the microscopic analysis of urine were<br />initially extracted from reliable websites<br />including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science<br />Direct. Then, the information related to<br />urine macroscopic features were taken from<br />traditional medicine references, such as<br />“The Canon of Medicine” and “Mofareh-alGholoob”. Subsequently, the fndings were<br />selected, compared and analyzed.<br />Results: The findings show that the range of<br />colors (i.e., black, white, green, red, yellow),<br />density or dilution (the speed of liquids), opacity<br />or clarity, the amount of penetration of light<br />beams, the existence of bubbles in urine and<br />sediment properties are important factors that<br />are not emphasized during the analysis of urine<br />samples these days. While these items are of<br />great importance in traditional medicine for<br />diagnosing diseases such as dys-temperaments,<br />poor digestion and liver diseases.<br />Conclusion: Paying more attention to the<br />forgotten features of urine samples, which can<br />help physicians with giving a more accurate<br />diagnosis can provide a better treatment.<br />Moreover, it can lower the treatment costs, which<br />adds up to the patients' satisfaction regarding the<br />health care services.<br />Keywords: Analysis, Microscopic,<br />Traditional medicine, Urine, Macroscopic</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659483" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d6aa8778e1cd7cae787a0c374f4c05c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647161,"asset_id":37659483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647161/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659483"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659483, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659483", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37659483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659483; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37659483"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37659483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37659483"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659483; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659483]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659483").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659483").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659483"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="288887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopic">Microscopic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="288887" type="text/json">{"id":288887,"name":"Microscopic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659483]'), work: {"id":37659483,"title":"Conference paper.page 148-highlighted.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T10:44:58.861-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659483/Conference_paper_page_148_highlighted_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659483","summary":"Objectives: Microscopic examination of urine\nprovides information about the urinary system\ndiseases and systemic diseases changing the\nurine composition. While it seems that evaluating\nthe microscopic features of a urine sample can\nprovide physicians with more information about\nthe incidents in patients’ body , this study aims to\nextract important features of macroscopic urine thatThe International Congress on Complementary and Alternative Medicine\nAJP, Vol. 5, Suppl. 1, Oct 2015 149\nhave diagnostic importance in traditional medicine.\nMaterials and Methods: The latest findings\nregarding the microscopic analysis of urine were\ninitially extracted from reliable websites\nincluding PubMed, Google Scholar, Science\nDirect. Then, the information related to\nurine macroscopic features were taken from\ntraditional medicine references, such as\n“The Canon of Medicine” and “Mofareh-alGholoob”. Subsequently, the fndings were\nselected, compared and analyzed.\nResults: The findings show that the range of\ncolors (i.e., black, white, green, red, yellow),\ndensity or dilution (the speed of liquids), opacity\nor clarity, the amount of penetration of light\nbeams, the existence of bubbles in urine and\nsediment properties are important factors that\nare not emphasized during the analysis of urine\nsamples these days. While these items are of\ngreat importance in traditional medicine for\ndiagnosing diseases such as dys-temperaments,\npoor digestion and liver diseases.\nConclusion: Paying more attention to the\nforgotten features of urine samples, which can\nhelp physicians with giving a more accurate\ndiagnosis can provide a better treatment.\nMoreover, it can lower the treatment costs, which\nadds up to the patients' satisfaction regarding the\nhealth care services.\nKeywords: Analysis, Microscopic,\nTraditional medicine, Urine, Macroscopic","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647161,"asset_id":37659483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":288887,"name":"Microscopic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1761082,"name":"Urine Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urine_Analysis?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659573" data-work_id="37659573" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659573/Abu_Sahl_al_Masihi_died_circa_1010_AD_pdf">Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa 1010 AD).pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract In the early medieval era, in the time which is called the Islamic Golden Age, medicine flourished through the practice of Persian physicians (9th to 12th century AD). Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa 1010 AD) was one of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659573" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />In the early medieval era, in the time which is called the Islamic Golden Age, medicine flourished through the practice of<br />Persian physicians (9th to 12th century AD). Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa 1010 AD) was one of the physicians in that<br />period who had great influence on the progress of medicine by his own writings as well as his influence on great scholars<br />like Biruni and Avicenna as their teacher. He was a polymath and had many writings in various fields of science, in<br />particular medical sciences. Some of his manuscripts in medicine were Al-Mia fil-Tibb (Book of the Hundred), Kitab al-Teb<br />al-Koli (The General Medicine), Ezhar al-Hekmat Allah Ta’ala fi Khalgh al-Ensan (God’s Mystery on the Creation of Man),<br />Resalat al-Adwiya (Treatise of Drugs), Osool Elm Nabz (the Principles of Pulse), and Resala fı Tah<br />_<br />qiq Amral-Waba| (On the<br />determination of the matter of infectious diseases). As a sign of his impact in Persian medicine, many later physicians<br />(until 19th century) referred to and cited his works in their manuscripts several times.<br />Keywords<br />Persian medicine, medieval era, history, biography</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d438066f16f1a6521a30ef036dd2b9a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647276,"asset_id":37659573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647276/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659573", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659573").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659573").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659573"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8265" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography">Biography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8265" type="text/json">{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1805427" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Era">Medieval Era</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1805427" type="text/json">{"id":1805427,"name":"Medieval Era","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Era?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659573]'), work: {"id":37659573,"title":"Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa 1010 AD).pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T11:15:41.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659573/Abu_Sahl_al_Masihi_died_circa_1010_AD_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659573","summary":"Abstract\nIn the early medieval era, in the time which is called the Islamic Golden Age, medicine flourished through the practice of\nPersian physicians (9th to 12th century AD). Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa 1010 AD) was one of the physicians in that\nperiod who had great influence on the progress of medicine by his own writings as well as his influence on great scholars\nlike Biruni and Avicenna as their teacher. He was a polymath and had many writings in various fields of science, in\nparticular medical sciences. Some of his manuscripts in medicine were Al-Mia fil-Tibb (Book of the Hundred), Kitab al-Teb\nal-Koli (The General Medicine), Ezhar al-Hekmat Allah Ta’ala fi Khalgh al-Ensan (God’s Mystery on the Creation of Man),\nResalat al-Adwiya (Treatise of Drugs), Osool Elm Nabz (the Principles of Pulse), and Resala fı Tah\n_\nqiq Amral-Waba| (On the\ndetermination of the matter of infectious diseases). As a sign of his impact in Persian medicine, many later physicians\n(until 19th century) referred to and cited his works in their manuscripts several times.\nKeywords\nPersian medicine, medieval era, history, biography","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647276,"asset_id":37659573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1805427,"name":"Medieval Era","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Era?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45658130 coauthored" data-work_id="45658130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45658130/Conference_Ecologies_of_Healing_in_the_Premodern_World_600_1350_CE_9_10_September_2022">Conference: Ecologies of Healing in the Premodern World (600-1350 CE), 9-10 September 2022</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">University of Edinburgh</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45658130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52d087167ced30039a21d2fcc531df76" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":90136930,"asset_id":45658130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90136930/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2886016" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/PetrosBourasVallianatos">Petros Bouras-Vallianatos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2886016" type="text/json">{"id":2886016,"first_name":"Petros","last_name":"Bouras-Vallianatos","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"PetrosBourasVallianatos","display_name":"Petros Bouras-Vallianatos","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/PetrosBourasVallianatos?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2886016/952543/15357689/s65_petros.bouras-vallianatos.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45658130">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45658130"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/ZubinMistry">Zubin Mistry</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45658130'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45658130').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45658130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45658130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45658130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45658130", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45658130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45658130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45658130"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45658130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45658130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45658130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45658130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45658130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45658130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45658130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1228" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature">Medieval Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1228" type="text/json">{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45658130]'), work: {"id":45658130,"title":"Conference: Ecologies of Healing in the Premodern World (600-1350 CE), 9-10 September 2022","created_at":"2021-04-01T07:28:43.019-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45658130/Conference_Ecologies_of_Healing_in_the_Premodern_World_600_1350_CE_9_10_September_2022?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_45658130","summary":"University of Edinburgh","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90136930,"asset_id":45658130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2886016,"first_name":"Petros","last_name":"Bouras-Vallianatos","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"PetrosBourasVallianatos","display_name":"Petros Bouras-Vallianatos","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/PetrosBourasVallianatos?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2886016/952543/15357689/s65_petros.bouras-vallianatos.jpg"},{"id":4563858,"first_name":"Zubin","last_name":"Mistry","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"ZubinMistry","display_name":"Zubin Mistry","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/ZubinMistry?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4563858/1894997/5125071/s65_zubin.mistry.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1228,"name":"Medieval Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Literature?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4090,"name":"Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":10085,"name":"Galen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galen?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":20151,"name":"Ancient Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":25175,"name":"Social History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":26848,"name":"Chinese medicine (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_medicine_History_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":60107,"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":60428,"name":"Medical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":71036,"name":"Islamic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":79033,"name":"Byzantine Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":79898,"name":"Medieval Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":117439,"name":"Byzantine Veterinary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Veterinary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":171660,"name":"Ancient Greek Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":972721,"name":"Ancient Indian Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Indian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659817" data-work_id="37659817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659817/Effects_of_Wet_Cupping_on_Blood_Components_Specially_Skin_Related_pdf">Effects of Wet Cupping on Blood Components Specially Skin Related.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Background: Wet cupping therapy has been used in many ancient societies for thousands of years yet there are few systematic studies and clinical researches in this field. This technique can be used for several skin disorders,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />Background: Wet cupping therapy has been used in many ancient societies for thousands of years yet there are few systematic<br />studies and clinical researches in this field. This technique can be used for several skin disorders, including hair loss, hirsutism,<br />acne, urticaria, psoriasis, and herpes zoster. A metabonomic study with mass spectrometry was used for the first time to evaluate<br />the difference between wet cupping blood and venous blood.<br />Methods: The metabolites of the wet cupping blood and venous blood were compared in 20 healthy individuals using a metabonomics technique.<br />Results: Using various modeling techniques, such as OSC-PLS, 17 differentiating metabolites were detected and identified by the<br />Human Metabolome Database and 16 differentiating pathways were recognized with Metaboanalyst between the 2 kinds of blood,<br />including cholesterol, cortisone, aldosterone, primary bile acids, L-arginine, taurine, hypotaurine, D-glucose, and pyridoxamine.<br />Conclusions: Cupping blood and venous blood seemed to differ greatly in terms of metabolites and 16 differentiating metabolite<br />pathways. This technique can be used for several skin disorders, including hair loss, hirsutism, acne, urticaria, psoriasis, and herpes<br />zoster.<br />Keywords: Wet Cupping, Bleeding Cupping, Hijamat, Complementary Medicine, Metabonomics, Hirsutism, Hair Loss, Acne</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54a6bcf329e6f83751e3dc62760e682d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647461,"asset_id":37659817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647461/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659817", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659817").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659817").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659817"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45423" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alterntive_Medicine">Traditional Complementary and Alterntive Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45423" type="text/json">{"id":45423,"name":"Traditional Complementary and Alterntive Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alterntive_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79634" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabonomics">Metabonomics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79634" type="text/json">{"id":79634,"name":"Metabonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabonomics?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143416" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine">Complementary Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="143416" type="text/json">{"id":143416,"name":"Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659817]'), work: {"id":37659817,"title":"Effects of Wet Cupping on Blood Components Specially Skin Related.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T11:53:48.795-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659817/Effects_of_Wet_Cupping_on_Blood_Components_Specially_Skin_Related_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659817","summary":"Abstract\nBackground: Wet cupping therapy has been used in many ancient societies for thousands of years yet there are few systematic\nstudies and clinical researches in this field. This technique can be used for several skin disorders, including hair loss, hirsutism,\nacne, urticaria, psoriasis, and herpes zoster. A metabonomic study with mass spectrometry was used for the first time to evaluate\nthe difference between wet cupping blood and venous blood.\nMethods: The metabolites of the wet cupping blood and venous blood were compared in 20 healthy individuals using a metabonomics technique.\nResults: Using various modeling techniques, such as OSC-PLS, 17 differentiating metabolites were detected and identified by the\nHuman Metabolome Database and 16 differentiating pathways were recognized with Metaboanalyst between the 2 kinds of blood,\nincluding cholesterol, cortisone, aldosterone, primary bile acids, L-arginine, taurine, hypotaurine, D-glucose, and pyridoxamine.\nConclusions: Cupping blood and venous blood seemed to differ greatly in terms of metabolites and 16 differentiating metabolite\npathways. This technique can be used for several skin disorders, including hair loss, hirsutism, acne, urticaria, psoriasis, and herpes\nzoster.\nKeywords: Wet Cupping, Bleeding Cupping, Hijamat, Complementary Medicine, Metabonomics, Hirsutism, Hair Loss, Acne","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647461,"asset_id":37659817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":45423,"name":"Traditional Complementary and Alterntive Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alterntive_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":79634,"name":"Metabonomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabonomics?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":143416,"name":"Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":152336,"name":"Acne Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acne_Treatment?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":152343,"name":"Home Acne Remedies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Acne_Remedies?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":189440,"name":"Hair Loss Cause","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair_Loss_Cause?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":229285,"name":"Skin Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Diseases?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":271104,"name":"Hair Loss Treatments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair_Loss_Treatments?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":310746,"name":"Hirsutism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hirsutism?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":482873,"name":"Wet Cupping Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wet_Cupping_Therapy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":695365,"name":"Integrative and Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_and_Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":905935,"name":"Natural and Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_and_Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1592930,"name":"COMPLEMENTARY ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : HIPNOSIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COMPLEMENTARY_ALTERNATIVE_MEDICINE_HIPNOSIS?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3048823,"name":"Hijamat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hijamat?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3048824,"name":"Blood Components","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Components?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69521986 coauthored" data-work_id="69521986" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69521986/Anatomy_in_Reference_Texts_of_Persian_Medicinein_Islamic_Golden_Age">Anatomy in Reference Texts of Persian Medicinein Islamic Golden Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69521986" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era included physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference Materials of Persian Medicine. Materials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed based on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords, searching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and in Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information. Results: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim scientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69521986" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54e8856edb06eb318b3a079e3ed77a30" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79586044,"asset_id":69521986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79586044/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88856403" href="https://independent.academia.edu/taherehshakeri">tahereh shakeri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88856403" type="text/json">{"id":88856403,"first_name":"tahereh","last_name":"shakeri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"taherehshakeri","display_name":"tahereh shakeri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/taherehshakeri?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-69521986">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-69521986"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrHasanSiamian">Dr. Hasan Siamian</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-69521986'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-69521986').html(); 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It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era included physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference Materials of Persian Medicine. Materials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed based on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords, searching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and in Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information. Results: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim scientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works o...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79586044,"asset_id":69521986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88856403,"first_name":"tahereh","last_name":"shakeri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"taherehshakeri","display_name":"tahereh shakeri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/taherehshakeri?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":13157675,"first_name":"Dr. Hasan","last_name":"Siamian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrHasanSiamian","display_name":"Dr. Hasan Siamian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrHasanSiamian?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63042760" data-work_id="63042760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63042760/Non_pharmacologic_Treatment_of_Heavy_Menstrual_Bleeding_in_Persian_Medicine">Non-pharmacologic Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Persian Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63042760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fab192c0cbc5fa085152cfd6dec7499b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75602188,"asset_id":63042760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75602188/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160901920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fatemehyousefi14">fatemeh yousefi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160901920" type="text/json">{"id":160901920,"first_name":"fatemeh","last_name":"yousefi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fatemehyousefi14","display_name":"fatemeh yousefi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fatemehyousefi14?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160901920/49198196/37169989/s65_fatemeh.yousefi.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63042760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63042760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63042760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63042760", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63042760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63042760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63042760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63042760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89250" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies">Complementary Therapies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89250" type="text/json">{"id":89250,"name":"Complementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277657" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy">Herbal therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277657" type="text/json">{"id":277657,"name":"Herbal therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63042760]'), work: {"id":63042760,"title":"Non-pharmacologic Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Persian Medicine","created_at":"2021-12-02T19:42:51.061-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63042760/Non_pharmacologic_Treatment_of_Heavy_Menstrual_Bleeding_in_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_63042760","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75602188,"asset_id":63042760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160901920,"first_name":"fatemeh","last_name":"yousefi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"fatemehyousefi14","display_name":"fatemeh yousefi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/fatemehyousefi14?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160901920/49198196/37169989/s65_fatemeh.yousefi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":89250,"name":"Complementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":277657,"name":"Herbal therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2694598,"name":"Heavy Menstrual Bleeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Menstrual_Bleeding?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3962676,"name":"Hypermenorrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypermenorrhea?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448312" data-work_id="41448312" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448312/Anatomy_in_Reference_Texts_of_Persian_Medicine_in_Islamic_Golden_Age">Anatomy in Reference Texts of Persian Medicine in Islamic Golden Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448312" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of<br />human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine<br />perfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era<br />included physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference<br />Materials of Persian Medicine.<br />Materials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed<br />based on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords,<br />searching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and<br />in Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information.<br />Results: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim<br />scientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works of Galen. According<br />to evidence, Muslim doctors performed autopsy and were great surgeons.<br />Conclusion: The basis of the new anatomy enhanced by Vesalius is similar to the Iranian-<br />Islamic anatomy that was introduced to Europe after revising the texts of Galen. Considering the holistic<br />viewpoints in Persian medicine, further research is needed to adapt that to modern medicine.<br />Keywords: anatomy, autopsy, Islamic civilization, Persian Medicine<br />J Mazandaran</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f41344201a2bb963ee6065ba594ea8b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622560,"asset_id":41448312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622560/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448312"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448312, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448312", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448312; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41448312"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41448312 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41448312"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448312; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448312]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448312").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448312").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448312"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54589" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy">Anatomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54589" type="text/json">{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448312]'), work: {"id":41448312,"title":"Anatomy in Reference Texts of Persian Medicine in Islamic Golden Age","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:42:35.928-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448312/Anatomy_in_Reference_Texts_of_Persian_Medicine_in_Islamic_Golden_Age?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448312","summary":"Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of\nhuman body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine\nperfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era\nincluded physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference\nMaterials of Persian Medicine.\nMaterials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed\nbased on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords,\nsearching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and\nin Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information.\nResults: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim\nscientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works of Galen. According\nto evidence, Muslim doctors performed autopsy and were great surgeons.\nConclusion: The basis of the new anatomy enhanced by Vesalius is similar to the Iranian-\nIslamic anatomy that was introduced to Europe after revising the texts of Galen. Considering the holistic\nviewpoints in Persian medicine, further research is needed to adapt that to modern medicine.\nKeywords: anatomy, autopsy, Islamic civilization, Persian Medicine\nJ Mazandaran","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622560,"asset_id":41448312,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49533864" data-work_id="49533864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49533864/Persian_Medicine_Leech_therapy_indications_a_scoping_review">Persian Medicine Leech therapy indications: a scoping review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present scoping review provides evidence for the application of leech therapy in the treatment of plastic and reconstructive surgery, musculoskeletal diseases, osteoarthritis, etc.. Traditionality The first recorded report of the use... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49533864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present scoping review provides evidence for the application of leech therapy in the treatment of plastic and reconstructive surgery, musculoskeletal diseases, osteoarthritis, etc.. Traditionality The first recorded report of the use of leeches is in a medical poem, Alexipharma, for Nicander of Colophon, born 200 B.C.. There is also evidence of the using leeches by large scholars such as Avicenna in The Canon of Medicine and Abd-el-Latif al-Baghdadi in Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb. Barbers-surgeons in the middle ages used to use leeches to shed blood for treating some kind of diseases. With the development of modern medicine, the first use of medical leeches occurred in the 1960's, for intravenous congestion after reconstructive surgery. In 2004 the FDA approved leech therapy to accelerate tissue transplantation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49533864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e4ca561cad76925debe2d1ee0512a8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67864898,"asset_id":49533864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67864898/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20661171" href="https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi">Mojtaba Abdi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20661171" type="text/json">{"id":20661171,"first_name":"Mojtaba","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MojtabaAbdi","display_name":"Mojtaba Abdi","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20661171/5761591/45816237/s65_mojtaba.abdi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49533864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49533864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49533864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49533864", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49533864]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49533864").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49533864").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49533864"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49533864]'), work: {"id":49533864,"title":"Persian Medicine Leech therapy indications: a scoping review","created_at":"2021-07-04T01:26:04.939-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49533864/Persian_Medicine_Leech_therapy_indications_a_scoping_review?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_49533864","summary":"The present scoping review provides evidence for the application of leech therapy in the treatment of plastic and reconstructive surgery, musculoskeletal diseases, osteoarthritis, etc.. Traditionality The first recorded report of the use of leeches is in a medical poem, Alexipharma, for Nicander of Colophon, born 200 B.C.. There is also evidence of the using leeches by large scholars such as Avicenna in The Canon of Medicine and Abd-el-Latif al-Baghdadi in Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb. Barbers-surgeons in the middle ages used to use leeches to shed blood for treating some kind of diseases. With the development of modern medicine, the first use of medical leeches occurred in the 1960's, for intravenous congestion after reconstructive surgery. In 2004 the FDA approved leech therapy to accelerate tissue transplantation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67864898,"asset_id":49533864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20661171,"first_name":"Mojtaba","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MojtabaAbdi","display_name":"Mojtaba Abdi","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20661171/5761591/45816237/s65_mojtaba.abdi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659894" data-work_id="37659894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659894/Quantitative_and_Qualitative_Assessment_of_Persian_Medicine_Articles_pdf">Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Persian Medicine Articles.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persian (Iranian) medicine is one of the oldest traditional medical science with more than 1000 years of history. Scientometrics studies on the current research achievement of Persian medicine in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT<br />BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persian (Iranian) medicine is one of the oldest traditional medical science with<br />more than 1000 years of history. Scientometrics studies on the current research achievement of Persian medicine in<br />academic communities are lacking. The aim of this study was analyze some scientific outputs of persian medicine in<br />international journals.<br />METHODS: Documents were collected from Pub Med database with these keywords: “Iranian medicine”, “Persian<br />medicine”, “Iranian traditional medicine” and “Persian traditional medicine”. All data were classified based on type of<br />manuscript, field of study, kind of research, journal type and publication year.<br />FINDINGS: 502 Articles were found up to the end of 2015; 54.3% original articles, 26% review, 13.7% letter to<br />editor, 29% biographical and historical articles. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies were the most published<br />articles (14/7%). Between 139 journals which published these articles, 59% have Impact factor (IF) and highest IF<br />belonged to the Lancet neurol J (23/46). More than one citation was reported in 43.7% of articles and the most citation<br />belong to the one of the published article in year 2012 (23 citation). H-Index of all collected articles was 12.<br />CONCLUSION: The number of published articles in Persian (Iranian) Medicine had significant growth in the last<br />years. But usage of several keywords for Persian traditional medicine, by authors, inhibits aggregation and availability<br />to these. However proposed unique full or abbreviate name be used in all published research document.<br />KEY WORDS: Persian Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Iranian Medicine, Systematic Review</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="819e95fa901380a2824311cf9530ad5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647557,"asset_id":37659894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647557/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659894", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review">Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6482" type="text/json">{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14536" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14536" type="text/json">{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28196" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_and_Traditional_Systems_of_Medicine">Natural Products and Traditional Systems of Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28196" type="text/json">{"id":28196,"name":"Natural Products and Traditional Systems of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_and_Traditional_Systems_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659894]'), work: {"id":37659894,"title":"Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Persian Medicine Articles.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T12:17:45.371-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659894/Quantitative_and_Qualitative_Assessment_of_Persian_Medicine_Articles_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659894","summary":"ABSTRACT\nBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persian (Iranian) medicine is one of the oldest traditional medical science with\nmore than 1000 years of history. Scientometrics studies on the current research achievement of Persian medicine in\nacademic communities are lacking. The aim of this study was analyze some scientific outputs of persian medicine in\ninternational journals.\nMETHODS: Documents were collected from Pub Med database with these keywords: “Iranian medicine”, “Persian\nmedicine”, “Iranian traditional medicine” and “Persian traditional medicine”. All data were classified based on type of\nmanuscript, field of study, kind of research, journal type and publication year.\nFINDINGS: 502 Articles were found up to the end of 2015; 54.3% original articles, 26% review, 13.7% letter to\neditor, 29% biographical and historical articles. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies were the most published\narticles (14/7%). Between 139 journals which published these articles, 59% have Impact factor (IF) and highest IF\nbelonged to the Lancet neurol J (23/46). More than one citation was reported in 43.7% of articles and the most citation\nbelong to the one of the published article in year 2012 (23 citation). H-Index of all collected articles was 12.\nCONCLUSION: The number of published articles in Persian (Iranian) Medicine had significant growth in the last\nyears. But usage of several keywords for Persian traditional medicine, by authors, inhibits aggregation and availability\nto these. However proposed unique full or abbreviate name be used in all published research document.\nKEY WORDS: Persian Medicine, Traditional Medicine, Iranian Medicine, Systematic Review","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647557,"asset_id":37659894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":6482,"name":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta-Analysis_and_Systematic_Review?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":28196,"name":"Natural Products and Traditional Systems of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_and_Traditional_Systems_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":341402,"name":"Cochrane Systematic Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cochrane_Systematic_Reviews?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":422142,"name":"Traditional East Asian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_East_Asian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":839914,"name":"traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/traditional_Chinese_medicine_TCM_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":848610,"name":"iranian herbal medicine for MS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/iranian_herbal_medicine_for_MS?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1931002,"name":"Traditional Persian Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47747954" data-work_id="47747954" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47747954").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47747954"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89250" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies">Complementary Therapies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89250" type="text/json">{"id":89250,"name":"Complementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277657" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy">Herbal therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277657" type="text/json">{"id":277657,"name":"Herbal therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47747954]'), work: {"id":47747954,"title":"Non-pharmacologic Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Persian Medicine GMJ","created_at":"2021-04-26T08:59:05.881-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47747954/Non_pharmacologic_Treatment_of_Heavy_Menstrual_Bleeding_in_Persian_Medicine_GMJ?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_47747954","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66690455,"asset_id":47747954,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":89250,"name":"Complementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Therapies?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":277657,"name":"Herbal therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_therapy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2694598,"name":"Heavy Menstrual Bleeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Menstrual_Bleeding?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3962676,"name":"Hypermenorrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypermenorrhea?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448415" data-work_id="41448415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448415/Constipation_and_Laxative_Herbs_in_Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Constipation and Laxative Herbs in Iranian Traditional Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Context: Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders and is characterized by stiffness of waste and difficult defecation. In modern medicine, different laxative drugs are used for the treatment of constipation,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Context: Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders and is characterized by stiffness of waste and difficult defecation. In modern medicine, different laxative drugs are used for the treatment of constipation, but they are not without side effects. Nonetheless, the appropriate use of herbal medicines can be beneficial for treating this disorder. Therefore, this study attempted to draw together some pharmacological and medical insights into the management of constipation through the use of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). Evidence Acquisition: In this review article, we initially researched constipation and laxative herbs using some of the most famous ancient medical and pharmacological textbooks pertaining to Iranian medicine written from the 10 th to 18 th century AD. This includes The canon of medicine by Avicenna (10 th and 11 th centuries, Beirut publication), Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18 th century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13 th century, Caltural foundation Publication). Then we extracted the names and laxative mechanisms of some herbs prescribed for constipation through ITM. Finally, a search of scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to find related works concerning laxative mechanisms. Results: In ITM doctrine, laxatives are weak purgatives that lead to the defecation of waste from the gastrointestinal tract. From this perspective, laxative herbs can be classified into two groups based on their nature: laxative herbs with a hot nature cause the dilution and flowing of humors, but herbs with a cold nature function as laxatives due to their mucilage properties. Each of the laxatives was used in accordance with the primary reason for constipation. Conclusions: This study presents medical and pharmacological approaches in ITM for dealing with complications arising from constipation. Considering the optimistic results, these herbs can be used as a means of constipation management and further investigation into this area can potentially lead to the formulation of new drugs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="578d46cdba9180948e38115cce358fb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622616,"asset_id":41448415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622616/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448415", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89021" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constipation">Constipation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="89021" type="text/json">{"id":89021,"name":"Constipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constipation?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="886638" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laxative">Laxative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="886638" type="text/json">{"id":886638,"name":"Laxative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laxative?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_">Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="954040" type="text/json">{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448415]'), work: {"id":41448415,"title":"Constipation and Laxative Herbs in Iranian Traditional Medicine","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:53:19.794-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448415/Constipation_and_Laxative_Herbs_in_Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448415","summary":"Context: Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders and is characterized by stiffness of waste and difficult defecation. In modern medicine, different laxative drugs are used for the treatment of constipation, but they are not without side effects. Nonetheless, the appropriate use of herbal medicines can be beneficial for treating this disorder. Therefore, this study attempted to draw together some pharmacological and medical insights into the management of constipation through the use of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). Evidence Acquisition: In this review article, we initially researched constipation and laxative herbs using some of the most famous ancient medical and pharmacological textbooks pertaining to Iranian medicine written from the 10 th to 18 th century AD. This includes The canon of medicine by Avicenna (10 th and 11 th centuries, Beirut publication), Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18 th century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13 th century, Caltural foundation Publication). Then we extracted the names and laxative mechanisms of some herbs prescribed for constipation through ITM. Finally, a search of scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to find related works concerning laxative mechanisms. Results: In ITM doctrine, laxatives are weak purgatives that lead to the defecation of waste from the gastrointestinal tract. From this perspective, laxative herbs can be classified into two groups based on their nature: laxative herbs with a hot nature cause the dilution and flowing of humors, but herbs with a cold nature function as laxatives due to their mucilage properties. Each of the laxatives was used in accordance with the primary reason for constipation. Conclusions: This study presents medical and pharmacological approaches in ITM for dealing with complications arising from constipation. Considering the optimistic results, these herbs can be used as a means of constipation management and further investigation into this area can potentially lead to the formulation of new drugs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622616,"asset_id":41448415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":89021,"name":"Constipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constipation?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":886638,"name":"Laxative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laxative?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61584340 coauthored" data-work_id="61584340" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61584340/Examination_treatment_and_medical_education_in_Seljuk_hospitals_in_Anatolia">Examination, treatment and medical education in Seljuk hospitals in Anatolia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="323027" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_Islamic_archaeology_history_of_medicine">Islamic art, Islamic archaeology, history of medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="323027" type="text/json">{"id":323027,"name":"Islamic art, Islamic archaeology, history of medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_Islamic_archaeology_history_of_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61584340]'), work: {"id":61584340,"title":"Examination, treatment and medical education in Seljuk hospitals in Anatolia","created_at":"2021-11-12T04:00:06.449-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61584340/Examination_treatment_and_medical_education_in_Seljuk_hospitals_in_Anatolia?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_61584340","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74573025,"asset_id":61584340,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":110919114,"first_name":"Fuat","last_name":"İnce","domain_name":"suleyman-demirel","page_name":"Fuatİnce","display_name":"Fuat İnce","profile_url":"https://suleyman-demirel.academia.edu/Fuat%C4%B0nce?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110919114/45396422/35538566/s65_fuat.i_nce.jpg"},{"id":12953076,"first_name":"Kadircan","last_name":"Keskinbora","domain_name":"bahcesehir","page_name":"KadircanKeskinbora","display_name":"Kadircan Keskinbora","profile_url":"https://bahcesehir.academia.edu/KadircanKeskinbora?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12953076/3661811/7828274/s65_kadircan.keskinbora.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":323027,"name":"Islamic art, Islamic archaeology, history of medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_art_Islamic_archaeology_history_of_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":816446,"name":"Turkey Seljuks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey_Seljuks?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3956027,"name":"History of Turkish Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Turkish_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49024480" data-work_id="49024480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49024480/Topical_Mastic_Oil_for_Treatment_of_Functional_Dyspepsia_A_Randomized_Triple_Blind_Controlled_Trial">Topical Mastic Oil for Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of topical mastic oil, compared to placebo on treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients with FD were included. Thirty-two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49024480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of topical mastic oil, compared to placebo on treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients with FD were included. Thirty-two subjects received the topical mastic oil (10 drops/TDS after meal) with massage and 31 patients received topical sesame oil with massage. Both groups received pantoprazole (40 mg daily) along with oil and massage. The severity of early satiation, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain and epigastric burning was assessed after 4 weeks using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as well as frequency of symptoms. Satisfaction with the treatment was also assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Changes in the severity of symptoms were evaluated by Friedman's test. Results: Mean and standard deviation of age of the subjects were equal to 36.95±13.64 and 50 (79.4%) patients were female. Both groups experienced a significant decrease in the severity of all the four symptoms (P<0.001). The percentage of decrease in the severity of early satiation was significantly higher in the mastic group than the control group (76.03±34.91% vs. 37.24±38.86%, P=0.003). No significant differences were found in the percentage of decrease in the severity of postprandial fullness, epigastric pain and burning between the study groups (P=0.05, 0.06, and 0.13, respectively). The frequency of symptoms was decreased similarly in both groups. Satisfaction with the treatment was reported to be significantly higher in the mastic group than the sesame group (P=0.01). There were no intolerable side effects in both groups. Conclusion: Mastic oil reduced early satiation better than the placebo. In addition, satisfaction with the treatment was higher in the mastic group than the sesame group. [GMJ.2021;10:e1965]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49024480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35cbd618325946246e0ff7dbbf3eaa57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67409410,"asset_id":49024480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67409410/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49024480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49024480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49024480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49024480", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49024480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49024480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49024480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49024480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44297" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine">Herbal Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44297" type="text/json">{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="500878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mastic">Mastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="500878" type="text/json">{"id":500878,"name":"Mastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mastic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="589389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Dyspepsia">Functional Dyspepsia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="589389" type="text/json">{"id":589389,"name":"Functional Dyspepsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Dyspepsia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49024480]'), work: {"id":49024480,"title":"Topical Mastic Oil for Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Trial","created_at":"2021-05-23T11:32:15.526-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49024480/Topical_Mastic_Oil_for_Treatment_of_Functional_Dyspepsia_A_Randomized_Triple_Blind_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_49024480","summary":"Background: The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of topical mastic oil, compared to placebo on treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients with FD were included. Thirty-two subjects received the topical mastic oil (10 drops/TDS after meal) with massage and 31 patients received topical sesame oil with massage. Both groups received pantoprazole (40 mg daily) along with oil and massage. The severity of early satiation, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain and epigastric burning was assessed after 4 weeks using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as well as frequency of symptoms. Satisfaction with the treatment was also assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Changes in the severity of symptoms were evaluated by Friedman's test. Results: Mean and standard deviation of age of the subjects were equal to 36.95±13.64 and 50 (79.4%) patients were female. Both groups experienced a significant decrease in the severity of all the four symptoms (P\u003c0.001). The percentage of decrease in the severity of early satiation was significantly higher in the mastic group than the control group (76.03±34.91% vs. 37.24±38.86%, P=0.003). No significant differences were found in the percentage of decrease in the severity of postprandial fullness, epigastric pain and burning between the study groups (P=0.05, 0.06, and 0.13, respectively). The frequency of symptoms was decreased similarly in both groups. Satisfaction with the treatment was reported to be significantly higher in the mastic group than the sesame group (P=0.01). There were no intolerable side effects in both groups. Conclusion: Mastic oil reduced early satiation better than the placebo. In addition, satisfaction with the treatment was higher in the mastic group than the sesame group. [GMJ.2021;10:e1965]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67409410,"asset_id":49024480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":500878,"name":"Mastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mastic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":589389,"name":"Functional Dyspepsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Dyspepsia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44814356" data-work_id="44814356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44814356/Health_Beneficial_Effects_of_Moomiaii_in_Traditional_Medicine_GMJ">Health Beneficial Effects of Moomiaii in Traditional Medicine GMJ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Traditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44814356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Traditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a pale-brown to blackish-brown natural exudate is one of the natural compounds in traditional medicine that has been used over 3000 years in many countries of the world especially in</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44814356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e195859893bb455a58e588ba3f026cb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65314242,"asset_id":44814356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65314242/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44814356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44814356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44814356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44814356", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44814356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44814356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44814356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44814356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143830" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunomodulation">Immunomodulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143830" type="text/json">{"id":143830,"name":"Immunomodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunomodulation?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humic_acid">Humic acid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146410" type="text/json">{"id":146410,"name":"Humic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humic_acid?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="170093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fulvic_acid">Fulvic acid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="170093" type="text/json">{"id":170093,"name":"Fulvic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fulvic_acid?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="866161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antidiabetic">Antidiabetic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="866161" type="text/json">{"id":866161,"name":"Antidiabetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antidiabetic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44814356]'), work: {"id":44814356,"title":"Health Beneficial Effects of Moomiaii in Traditional Medicine GMJ","created_at":"2021-01-01T10:51:54.204-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44814356/Health_Beneficial_Effects_of_Moomiaii_in_Traditional_Medicine_GMJ?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_44814356","summary":"Traditional medicine (TM) that developed over the years within various societies consists of medical experimental knowledge and practices, which apply natural methods and compounds for general wellness and healing. Moomiaii as a pale-brown to blackish-brown natural exudate is one of the natural compounds in traditional medicine that has been used over 3000 years in many countries of the world especially in","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65314242,"asset_id":44814356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":143830,"name":"Immunomodulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunomodulation?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":146410,"name":"Humic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humic_acid?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":170093,"name":"Fulvic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fulvic_acid?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":866161,"name":"Antidiabetic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antidiabetic?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1114629,"name":"Antineoplastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42999619" data-work_id="42999619" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42999619/Evaluation_of_the_Synergism_of_Medicinal_Effects_of_Chamomile_and_Ginger_on_Pain_and_Symptoms_of_Primary_Dysmenorrhea_A_Randomized_Controlled_Trial">Evaluation of the Synergism of Medicinal Effects of Chamomile and Ginger on Pain and Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of combined chamomile-ginger on pain of primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms. Methods study is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 400 female students of Arak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42999619" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of combined chamomile-ginger on pain of<br />primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms.<br />Methods study is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 400 female students of Arak University. After<br />obtaining informed consent, samples were randomly divided into four groups of 100: ginger with honey,<br />chamomile with honey, ginger and chamomile with honey, and finally mefenamic acid. The drugs were<br />taken two consecutive cycles, three times daily from 2 days before menstruation to the first 3 days. Pain<br />intensity, associated symptoms, and bleeding were measured in the first three days of each cycle (one<br />month before the intervention and two months after the intervention). After data collection, statistical<br />analysis was performed using SPSS V. 19 with Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher, Friedman, ANOVA tests<br />with repeated measures at the significant level of 0.05.<br />Results In all four groups, pain severity, the number of painful days, low back pain, analgesic consumption,<br />total symptom score, and bleeding loss were significantly decreased (P=0.001). However, there was no<br />significant difference between groups, excluding total symptom score and bleeding loss. Ginger-chamomile<br />combination was better than other interventions in decreasing total symptom score (P=0.02). Mefenamic<br />acid also had a better effect on reducing bleeding loss than other interventions (P=0.008).<br />Conclusion The results showed that the ginger-chamomile combination acts the same as mefenamic acid<br />in pain control, but it is better in reducing the associated symptom score than mefenamic acid.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42999619" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="992a88ec36ac2ebf1eb066bdc8a4f8cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63262470,"asset_id":42999619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63262470/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14390272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal">Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14390272" type="text/json">{"id":14390272,"first_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal","last_name":"(CMJA)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cmjajournal","display_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14390272/3926185/31877027/s65_cmja.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42999619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42999619"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42999619, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42999619", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42999619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42999619; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42999619"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42999619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42999619"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42999619; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42999619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42999619").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42999619").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42999619"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44297" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine">Herbal Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44297" type="text/json">{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2947889" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/menstrual_pain">menstrual pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2947889" type="text/json">{"id":2947889,"name":"menstrual pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/menstrual_pain?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42999619]'), work: {"id":42999619,"title":"Evaluation of the Synergism of Medicinal Effects of Chamomile and Ginger on Pain and Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial","created_at":"2020-05-10T10:18:56.127-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42999619/Evaluation_of_the_Synergism_of_Medicinal_Effects_of_Chamomile_and_Ginger_on_Pain_and_Symptoms_of_Primary_Dysmenorrhea_A_Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_42999619","summary":"Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of combined chamomile-ginger on pain of\nprimary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms.\nMethods study is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 400 female students of Arak University. After\nobtaining informed consent, samples were randomly divided into four groups of 100: ginger with honey,\nchamomile with honey, ginger and chamomile with honey, and finally mefenamic acid. The drugs were\ntaken two consecutive cycles, three times daily from 2 days before menstruation to the first 3 days. Pain\nintensity, associated symptoms, and bleeding were measured in the first three days of each cycle (one\nmonth before the intervention and two months after the intervention). After data collection, statistical\nanalysis was performed using SPSS V. 19 with Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher, Friedman, ANOVA tests\nwith repeated measures at the significant level of 0.05.\nResults In all four groups, pain severity, the number of painful days, low back pain, analgesic consumption,\ntotal symptom score, and bleeding loss were significantly decreased (P=0.001). However, there was no\nsignificant difference between groups, excluding total symptom score and bleeding loss. Ginger-chamomile\ncombination was better than other interventions in decreasing total symptom score (P=0.02). Mefenamic\nacid also had a better effect on reducing bleeding loss than other interventions (P=0.008).\nConclusion The results showed that the ginger-chamomile combination acts the same as mefenamic acid\nin pain control, but it is better in reducing the associated symptom score than mefenamic acid.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63262470,"asset_id":42999619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14390272,"first_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal","last_name":"(CMJA)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cmjajournal","display_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14390272/3926185/31877027/s65_cmja.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2947889,"name":"menstrual pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/menstrual_pain?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75340030" data-work_id="75340030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75340030/Efficacy_of_pumpkin_oil_a_Persian_medicine_product_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_insomnia_A_randomized_double_blind_clinical_trial">Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75340030" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p&lt;0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.0...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75340030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da2fc9c8aeddd6a36a4e9962b81425e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83147167,"asset_id":75340030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83147167/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26818715" href="https://independent.academia.edu/elhamhaghjoo">elham haghjoo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26818715" type="text/json">{"id":26818715,"first_name":"elham","last_name":"haghjoo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"elhamhaghjoo","display_name":"elham haghjoo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/elhamhaghjoo?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75340030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75340030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75340030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75340030", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75340030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75340030; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75340030"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75340030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75340030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75340030; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75340030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75340030").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75340030").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75340030"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials">Clinical Trials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4387" type="text/json">{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals">Herbals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7498" type="text/json">{"id":7498,"name":"Herbals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75340030]'), work: {"id":75340030,"title":"Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial","created_at":"2022-04-03T12:09:45.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75340030/Efficacy_of_pumpkin_oil_a_Persian_medicine_product_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_insomnia_A_randomized_double_blind_clinical_trial?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_75340030","summary":"Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p\u0026lt;0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.0...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83147167,"asset_id":75340030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26818715,"first_name":"elham","last_name":"haghjoo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"elhamhaghjoo","display_name":"elham haghjoo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/elhamhaghjoo?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":7498,"name":"Herbals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":29420,"name":"Clinical trials (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_trials_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":37896,"name":"Insomnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":73418,"name":"Medicinal plants and natural products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_plants_and_natural_products?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":141145,"name":"Plantas Medicinales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plantas_Medicinales?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":160152,"name":"Insomnia Cure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia_Cure?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":396050,"name":"Human Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":523212,"name":"Pumpkins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkins?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":923696,"name":"Pumpkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkin?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":992299,"name":"Nasal Drops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasal_Drops?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1931002,"name":"Traditional Persian Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2960347,"name":"Oil extraction from Oil Seeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_extraction_from_Oil_Seeds?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68652743" data-work_id="68652743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68652743/Complications_of_leech_therapy">Complications of leech therapy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: The principle of the use of leeches is associated with traditional medicine of many countries and its application has different philosophies for use in different areas of the body. Leeches, with all the benefits, can have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68652743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: The principle of the use of leeches is associated with traditional medicine of many countries and its application has different philosophies for use in different areas of the body. Leeches, with all the benefits, can have dangers. Materials and Methods: A review of complications of leech therapy was done based on English articles indexed in the databases up to July 1, 2018. A strategic search has done independently by members of the research team and then all of the articles were +categorized by subject. Results: Related articles were mostly case-reports. Complications were divided into five categories including infection, allergy, prolonged bleeding, migration, and others. Infection is the mostreported complication related to leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. has the most participation in infections. Conclusion: Leech therapy can be a therapeutic complementary method if the possible complications are managed properly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68652743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b566bf3530d2793d3822fbfc1094d579" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79060533,"asset_id":68652743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79060533/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68652743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68652743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68652743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68652743", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68652743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68652743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68652743"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68652743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68652743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68652743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68652743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68652743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68652743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68652743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2062474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Leeches">Medicinal Leeches</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2062474" type="text/json">{"id":2062474,"name":"Medicinal Leeches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Leeches?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68652743]'), work: {"id":68652743,"title":"Complications of leech therapy","created_at":"2022-01-18T23:01:53.831-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68652743/Complications_of_leech_therapy?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_68652743","summary":"Objective: The principle of the use of leeches is associated with traditional medicine of many countries and its application has different philosophies for use in different areas of the body. Leeches, with all the benefits, can have dangers. Materials and Methods: A review of complications of leech therapy was done based on English articles indexed in the databases up to July 1, 2018. A strategic search has done independently by members of the research team and then all of the articles were +categorized by subject. Results: Related articles were mostly case-reports. Complications were divided into five categories including infection, allergy, prolonged bleeding, migration, and others. Infection is the mostreported complication related to leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. has the most participation in infections. Conclusion: Leech therapy can be a therapeutic complementary method if the possible complications are managed properly.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79060533,"asset_id":68652743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2062474,"name":"Medicinal Leeches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Leeches?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61759825" data-work_id="61759825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61759825/A_Case_of_Pregnancy_Following_Treatment_of_Ovarian_Failure_with_Persian_Medicine_A_Case_Report">A Case of Pregnancy Following Treatment of Ovarian Failure with Persian Medicine: A Case Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature ovarian failure, with a prevalence of 1% in women under the age of 40, leads to serious health problems for women of childbearing age. Since the causes are not fully understood and the available... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61759825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature ovarian failure, with a prevalence of 1% in women under the age of 40, leads to serious health problems for women of childbearing age. Since the causes are not fully understood and the available treatments are associated with side effects, complementary medicine, including Persian medicine, can be helpful. The aim of this study was to report a case of pregnancy following successful treatment of premature ovarian failure.<br />CASE REPORT: The patient was a 38-year-old woman with a history of 16 months of amenorrhea who had atrophic ovaries on ultrasound. Due to increased gonadotropins, decreased estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone, the gynecologist diagnosed premature ovarian failure. After referring to the Persian Medicine Clinic and after getting a history and examination, her treatment started which included lifestyle modification and medication (2 Raha capsules every 12 hours, 2 tablespoons of Sekanjabin-e-Bazoori [oxymel] a day, decoction of Chamomile and Pennyroyal 200 cc per day and Abzan [a human-sized container filled with hot water] with four plants of Hollyhocks, Chamomile, Rose, and Mallow twice a week). The patient was followed for 18 months. Menstruation occurred after 3 months and the ovaries were normal size after 8 months on the second ultrasound and 10 months after starting treatment, the patient became pregnant and the result was a healthy male baby.<br />CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, Persian medicine can be effective in treating infertility caused by premature ovarian failure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61759825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2e2711bbef28c9ed54ffdd7eb6d9cfc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74714270,"asset_id":61759825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74714270/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="196801226" href="https://mubabol.academia.edu/mubaboljournal">mubabol journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="196801226" type="text/json">{"id":196801226,"first_name":"mubabol","last_name":"journal","domain_name":"mubabol","page_name":"mubaboljournal","display_name":"mubabol journal","profile_url":"https://mubabol.academia.edu/mubaboljournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196801226/59010714/47249577/s65_mubabol.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61759825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61759825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61759825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61759825", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61759825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61759825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61759825"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61759825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61759825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61759825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61759825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61759825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61759825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61759825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report">Case Report</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63886" type="text/json">{"id":63886,"name":"Case Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1355476" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premature_Ovarian_Failure">Premature Ovarian Failure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1355476" type="text/json">{"id":1355476,"name":"Premature Ovarian Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premature_Ovarian_Failure?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61759825]'), work: {"id":61759825,"title":"A Case of Pregnancy Following Treatment of Ovarian Failure with Persian Medicine: A Case Report","created_at":"2021-11-16T01:40:59.639-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61759825/A_Case_of_Pregnancy_Following_Treatment_of_Ovarian_Failure_with_Persian_Medicine_A_Case_Report?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_61759825","summary":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Premature ovarian failure, with a prevalence of 1% in women under the age of 40, leads to serious health problems for women of childbearing age. Since the causes are not fully understood and the available treatments are associated with side effects, complementary medicine, including Persian medicine, can be helpful. The aim of this study was to report a case of pregnancy following successful treatment of premature ovarian failure.\nCASE REPORT: The patient was a 38-year-old woman with a history of 16 months of amenorrhea who had atrophic ovaries on ultrasound. Due to increased gonadotropins, decreased estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone, the gynecologist diagnosed premature ovarian failure. After referring to the Persian Medicine Clinic and after getting a history and examination, her treatment started which included lifestyle modification and medication (2 Raha capsules every 12 hours, 2 tablespoons of Sekanjabin-e-Bazoori [oxymel] a day, decoction of Chamomile and Pennyroyal 200 cc per day and Abzan [a human-sized container filled with hot water] with four plants of Hollyhocks, Chamomile, Rose, and Mallow twice a week). The patient was followed for 18 months. Menstruation occurred after 3 months and the ovaries were normal size after 8 months on the second ultrasound and 10 months after starting treatment, the patient became pregnant and the result was a healthy male baby.\nCONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, Persian medicine can be effective in treating infertility caused by premature ovarian failure.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74714270,"asset_id":61759825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":196801226,"first_name":"mubabol","last_name":"journal","domain_name":"mubabol","page_name":"mubaboljournal","display_name":"mubabol journal","profile_url":"https://mubabol.academia.edu/mubaboljournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196801226/59010714/47249577/s65_mubabol.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":63886,"name":"Case Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1355476,"name":"Premature Ovarian Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Premature_Ovarian_Failure?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51748987" data-work_id="51748987" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51748987/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine">A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51748987" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called “Hayajan al-dam” that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2020;9:e1065] </div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51748987" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0776c6734e89508c46f2feea4aedba1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69334427,"asset_id":51748987,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69334427/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="191752064" href="https://iums.academia.edu/MajidDadmehr">Majid Dadmehr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="191752064" type="text/json">{"id":191752064,"first_name":"Majid","last_name":"Dadmehr","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MajidDadmehr","display_name":"Majid Dadmehr","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MajidDadmehr?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191752064/54705573/42860398/s65_majid.dadmehr.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51748987 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51748987"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51748987, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51748987", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51748987 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51748987; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51748987"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51748987 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51748987"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51748987; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51748987]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51748987").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51748987").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51748987"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension">Hypertension</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71399" type="text/json">{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari">Rabban Tabari</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846170" type="text/json">{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat">Firdous al-Hekmat</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846171" type="text/json">{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51748987]'), work: {"id":51748987,"title":"A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine","created_at":"2021-09-10T09:19:48.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51748987/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_51748987","summary":"Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called “Hayajan al-dam” that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2020;9:e1065] ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69334427,"asset_id":51748987,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":191752064,"first_name":"Majid","last_name":"Dadmehr","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MajidDadmehr","display_name":"Majid Dadmehr","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MajidDadmehr?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191752064/54705573/42860398/s65_majid.dadmehr.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659848" data-work_id="37659848" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659848/Evaluation_of_Patient_Satisfaction_with_Medical_Services_at_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_Clinics_in_Tehran_pdf">Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Medical Services at Traditional Iranian Medicine Clinics in Tehran.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Evaluation of patient satisfaction is a common method used to determine the quality of medical services. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction in patients referring to the clinics of traditional Iranian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659848" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Evaluation of patient satisfaction is a common method used to<br />determine the quality of medical services. This study aimed to assess the level<br />of satisfaction in patients referring to the clinics of traditional Iranian medicine<br />affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran.<br />Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260<br />patients with history of at least two referrals to the clinics of traditional<br />medicine at TUMS. Subjects completed the Persian version of Patient<br />Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). Data analysis was performed using T-test,<br />Chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.<br />Results: Out of 260 patients with the mean age of 41.01±12.95 years, 104<br />patients (63.1%) were satisfied, 9 (3.4%) were completely satisfied, 67 (25.8%)<br />were dissatisfied with the medical services, and 20 patients (7.7%) were<br />uncertain. In subscales of access to physician, time spent with doctor,<br />interpersonal manner and overall satisfaction, number of satisfied patients was<br />higher than their dissatisfied counterparts. However, rate of dissatisfaction was<br />higher in subscales of technical quality, communication and financial aspects of<br />care. Moreover, no statistically significant relationship was observed between<br />satisfaction scores and age, gender, education status, type and duration of<br />disease and marital status of the subjects.<br />Conclusion: According to the results of this study, over 60% of the patients<br />were satisfied with the health care services offered at traditional medicine<br />clinics. Insurance coverage for traditional treatments could significantly reduce<br />treatment costs. Furthermore, technical quality and communication skills of<br />practitioners need to be improved through training courses in the field of<br />traditional medicine.<br />Keywords:<br />Health care<br />Patient satisfaction<br />Process assessment<br />Traditional medicine</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659848" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="086d8c2f1516ca5ea1db32ddfbf3e4c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647491,"asset_id":37659848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647491/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659848"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659848, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659848", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37659848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37659848"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37659848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37659848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659848").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659848").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659848"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4065" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Process_Improvement_and_Assessment">Software Process Improvement and Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4065" type="text/json">{"id":4065,"name":"Software Process Improvement and Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Process_Improvement_and_Assessment?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14536" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14536" type="text/json">{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Healthcare_Services">Quality of Healthcare Services</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17973" type="text/json">{"id":17973,"name":"Quality of Healthcare Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Healthcare_Services?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659848]'), work: {"id":37659848,"title":"Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Medical Services at Traditional Iranian Medicine Clinics in Tehran.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T12:00:31.904-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659848/Evaluation_of_Patient_Satisfaction_with_Medical_Services_at_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_Clinics_in_Tehran_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659848","summary":"Introduction: Evaluation of patient satisfaction is a common method used to\ndetermine the quality of medical services. This study aimed to assess the level\nof satisfaction in patients referring to the clinics of traditional Iranian medicine\naffiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran.\nMaterials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260\npatients with history of at least two referrals to the clinics of traditional\nmedicine at TUMS. Subjects completed the Persian version of Patient\nSatisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). Data analysis was performed using T-test,\nChi-square, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.\nResults: Out of 260 patients with the mean age of 41.01±12.95 years, 104\npatients (63.1%) were satisfied, 9 (3.4%) were completely satisfied, 67 (25.8%)\nwere dissatisfied with the medical services, and 20 patients (7.7%) were\nuncertain. In subscales of access to physician, time spent with doctor,\ninterpersonal manner and overall satisfaction, number of satisfied patients was\nhigher than their dissatisfied counterparts. However, rate of dissatisfaction was\nhigher in subscales of technical quality, communication and financial aspects of\ncare. Moreover, no statistically significant relationship was observed between\nsatisfaction scores and age, gender, education status, type and duration of\ndisease and marital status of the subjects.\nConclusion: According to the results of this study, over 60% of the patients\nwere satisfied with the health care services offered at traditional medicine\nclinics. Insurance coverage for traditional treatments could significantly reduce\ntreatment costs. Furthermore, technical quality and communication skills of\npractitioners need to be improved through training courses in the field of\ntraditional medicine.\nKeywords:\nHealth care\nPatient satisfaction\nProcess assessment\nTraditional medicine","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647491,"asset_id":37659848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4065,"name":"Software Process Improvement and Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Process_Improvement_and_Assessment?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":17973,"name":"Quality of Healthcare Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Healthcare_Services?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":28196,"name":"Natural Products and Traditional Systems of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_and_Traditional_Systems_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":64405,"name":"Ayurveda, traditional medicine, ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda_traditional_medicine_ethnobotany?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":70531,"name":"Staff Burnout and Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staff_Burnout_and_Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":125976,"name":"Tibetan medicine, Tibetan materia medica, Tibetan traditional plant knowledge.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibetan_medicine_Tibetan_materia_medica_Tibetan_traditional_plant_knowledge?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":144052,"name":"Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":230733,"name":"Process Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Assessment?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":285784,"name":"A survey of patients satisfaction with and subjective experiences of treatment with antipsycohtic medicatio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/A_survey_of_patients_satisfaction_with_and_subjective_experiences_of_treatment_with_antipsycohtic_me?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":422142,"name":"Traditional East Asian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_East_Asian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":448297,"name":"Malay Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malay_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":892102,"name":"Assessment Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Process?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66251503" data-work_id="66251503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66251503/Anatomy_in_Reference_Texts_of_Persian_Medicinein_Islamic_Golden_Age">Anatomy in Reference Texts of Persian Medicinein Islamic Golden Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66251503" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era included physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference Materials of Persian Medicine. Materials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed based on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords, searching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and in Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information. Results: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim scientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66251503" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa574df85aad89f620a16c8b502a0c40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77516328,"asset_id":66251503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77516328/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59381296" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mostafamoallemi">mostafa moallemi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59381296" type="text/json">{"id":59381296,"first_name":"mostafa","last_name":"moallemi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mostafamoallemi","display_name":"mostafa moallemi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mostafamoallemi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59381296/28454988/26612665/s65_mostafa.moallemi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66251503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66251503"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66251503, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66251503", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66251503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66251503; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66251503"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66251503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66251503"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66251503; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66251503]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66251503").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66251503").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66251503"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54589" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy">Anatomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54589" type="text/json">{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66251503]'), work: {"id":66251503,"title":"Anatomy in Reference Texts of Persian Medicinein Islamic Golden Age","created_at":"2021-12-28T12:11:25.033-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66251503/Anatomy_in_Reference_Texts_of_Persian_Medicinein_Islamic_Golden_Age?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_66251503","summary":"Background and purpose: Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with different parts of human body and its organizational structure. It has various goals, such as insight into the divine perfection and understanding the causes of diseases and their treatments. Anatomy in the Islamic era included physiology too. This research aimed at providing an overview on anatomy in the Reference Materials of Persian Medicine. Materials and methods: A qualitative study (content-analytic library research) was performed based on the books of Persian medicine. This study was conducted at several stages; finding the keywords, searching in reference texts of Iranian-Islamic medicine, in history books and Islamic encyclopedias, and in Persian and Latin electronic banks, then sorting, organizing, and comparing the information. Results: Anatomical knowledge is prerequisite to treatment and surgery. The works of Muslim scientists on anatomy, like the Europeans, were found to be influenced by the works o...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77516328,"asset_id":66251503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59381296,"first_name":"mostafa","last_name":"moallemi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mostafamoallemi","display_name":"mostafa moallemi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mostafamoallemi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59381296/28454988/26612665/s65_mostafa.moallemi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":54589,"name":"Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448452" data-work_id="41448452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448452/Exploring_Ileus_from_the_Perspective_of_Persian_Traditional_Medicine">Exploring Ileus from the Perspective of Persian Traditional Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Paralytic or postoperative ileus (POI) is a significant but common complication following certain surgical procedures. The complications arising from both primary and secondary postoperative Ileus are the most common reason... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Paralytic or postoperative ileus (POI) is a significant but common complication following certain surgical<br />procedures. The complications arising from both primary and secondary postoperative Ileus are the most common reason for<br />the prolonged lengths of stay contributing to adverse outcomes and increasing costs for both the patient and the hospital.<br />However, although various methods have been proposed and investigated, the efficient means for prevention and management<br />of POI are still not determined.<br />Methods: In this study, we will examine and investigate POI, how it occurs, its probable etiology, pathogenesis and treatment<br />according to the principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). we used general search engines like Google Scholar, and<br />more specific engines such as Wiley Inter Science, Science Direct, Pro Quest, and Springer followed by library study on POI<br />(2000- 2015). To look at this issue in Iranian Traditional medicine, a thorough review of major sources of traditional medicine<br />in Iran in different centuries such as Cannon, Al-Igraz Al-Tibbieh and Al- Mabahis Al-Alaieh, Exir-e-Azam, Sharhe-Asbab,Tibbe-<br />Akbari and Zakhire Kharazmshahi was performed. Ileus and its different etiologies were extracted and classified according<br />to these reference books.<br />Results: For a better understanding of paralytic or postoperative ileus, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of<br />POI is discussed according to the conventional medicine and the approach of Iranian Traditional Medicine.<br />Conclusions: In this study, the inherent causes of ileus (namely wind) according to Iranian Traditional Medicine, clarifying<br />details of its etiologies were explained.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="560b3570d37b7067b31f845f0b9bce8c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622647,"asset_id":41448452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622647/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448452", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41448452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448452; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41448452"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41448452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41448452"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448452; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448452]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448452").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448452").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448452"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1849200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus">Ileus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1849200" type="text/json">{"id":1849200,"name":"Ileus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448452]'), work: {"id":41448452,"title":"Exploring Ileus from the Perspective of Persian Traditional Medicine","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:58:34.684-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448452/Exploring_Ileus_from_the_Perspective_of_Persian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448452","summary":"Background: Paralytic or postoperative ileus (POI) is a significant but common complication following certain surgical\nprocedures. The complications arising from both primary and secondary postoperative Ileus are the most common reason for\nthe prolonged lengths of stay contributing to adverse outcomes and increasing costs for both the patient and the hospital.\nHowever, although various methods have been proposed and investigated, the efficient means for prevention and management\nof POI are still not determined.\nMethods: In this study, we will examine and investigate POI, how it occurs, its probable etiology, pathogenesis and treatment\naccording to the principles of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM). we used general search engines like Google Scholar, and\nmore specific engines such as Wiley Inter Science, Science Direct, Pro Quest, and Springer followed by library study on POI\n(2000- 2015). To look at this issue in Iranian Traditional medicine, a thorough review of major sources of traditional medicine\nin Iran in different centuries such as Cannon, Al-Igraz Al-Tibbieh and Al- Mabahis Al-Alaieh, Exir-e-Azam, Sharhe-Asbab,Tibbe-\nAkbari and Zakhire Kharazmshahi was performed. Ileus and its different etiologies were extracted and classified according\nto these reference books.\nResults: For a better understanding of paralytic or postoperative ileus, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of\nPOI is discussed according to the conventional medicine and the approach of Iranian Traditional Medicine.\nConclusions: In this study, the inherent causes of ileus (namely wind) according to Iranian Traditional Medicine, clarifying\ndetails of its etiologies were explained.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622647,"asset_id":41448452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1849200,"name":"Ileus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448382 coauthored" data-work_id="41448382" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448382/A_Review_on_Cataract_in_the_Cannon_of_Medicine_and_Nur_al_uyun">A Review on Cataract in the Cannon of Medicine and Nur-al- uyun</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose: According to the world health organization (WHO), cataract is the most general cause of returnable blindness, accounting for 47.8% of total blindness in the world. Compared to Greek medicine, a major progress of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448382" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose: According to the world health organization (WHO), cataract is the most<br />general cause of returnable blindness, accounting for 47.8% of total blindness in the world. Compared to Greek<br />medicine, a major progress of Islamic medicine was in ophthalmology. Rhazes wrote, the first complete and<br />comprehensive description about cataract and the first Persian book on eye diseases and treatments was written<br />by Abu RuhJourjani.<br />Materials and methods: A nonsystematic review study was done using library research and a<br />review of the literature by a focus on Iranian Traditional Medicine books. Current research was<br />performed in six phases (choosing the keywords, searching the sources, providing a single list,<br />classifying, and comparing). Then, cataract was searched in Canon of Medicine written by Avicenna and<br />the Nur-al- uyun written by Jourjani.<br />Results: Definition, etiology and treatment strategies were classified into three 3 main<br />categories: nutrition, life style, and medications and surgery. The major difference between modern<br />medicine books and these books was preventive measures for cataract that were suggested by the two<br />scientists.<br />Conclusion: Both physicians believed that changes in life style and avoiding certain foods can<br />prevent this disease. According to Avicenna and Jourjani if the disease is detected at early stages, the<br />progress could be hindered by appropriate treatments. But surgical treatment is needed if the cataract is<br />stiff.<br />Keywords: cataract, Avicenna, Jourjani</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448382" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45f09552fd01a6b50b0f085fcffcd280" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622593,"asset_id":41448382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622593/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41448382">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41448382"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AssieJokar">Assie Jokar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41448382'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41448382').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448382"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448382, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448382", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41448382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41448382"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41448382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41448382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448382").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448382").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448382"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="144034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract">Cataract</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="144034" type="text/json">{"id":144034,"name":"Cataract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448382]'), work: {"id":41448382,"title":"A Review on Cataract in the Cannon of Medicine and Nur-al- uyun","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:48:14.578-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448382/A_Review_on_Cataract_in_the_Cannon_of_Medicine_and_Nur_al_uyun?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448382","summary":"Background and purpose: According to the world health organization (WHO), cataract is the most\ngeneral cause of returnable blindness, accounting for 47.8% of total blindness in the world. Compared to Greek\nmedicine, a major progress of Islamic medicine was in ophthalmology. Rhazes wrote, the first complete and\ncomprehensive description about cataract and the first Persian book on eye diseases and treatments was written\nby Abu RuhJourjani.\nMaterials and methods: A nonsystematic review study was done using library research and a\nreview of the literature by a focus on Iranian Traditional Medicine books. Current research was\nperformed in six phases (choosing the keywords, searching the sources, providing a single list,\nclassifying, and comparing). Then, cataract was searched in Canon of Medicine written by Avicenna and\nthe Nur-al- uyun written by Jourjani.\nResults: Definition, etiology and treatment strategies were classified into three 3 main\ncategories: nutrition, life style, and medications and surgery. The major difference between modern\nmedicine books and these books was preventive measures for cataract that were suggested by the two\nscientists.\nConclusion: Both physicians believed that changes in life style and avoiding certain foods can\nprevent this disease. According to Avicenna and Jourjani if the disease is detected at early stages, the\nprogress could be hindered by appropriate treatments. But surgical treatment is needed if the cataract is\nstiff.\nKeywords: cataract, Avicenna, Jourjani","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622593,"asset_id":41448382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"},{"id":141084937,"first_name":"Assie","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AssieJokar","display_name":"Assie Jokar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AssieJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":144034,"name":"Cataract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5137079" data-work_id="5137079" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5137079/Mercury_in_Medicine_Fluid_economies_of_knowledge_and_trade">Mercury in Medicine: Fluid economies of knowledge and trade </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5137079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="510209" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/DagmarWujastyk">Dagmar Wujastyk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="510209" type="text/json">{"id":510209,"first_name":"Dagmar","last_name":"Wujastyk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"DagmarWujastyk","display_name":"Dagmar Wujastyk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/DagmarWujastyk?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/510209/177433/3781328/s65_dagmar.wujastyk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5137079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5137079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5137079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5137079", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5137079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5137079; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5137079"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5137079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5137079"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5137079; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5137079]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5137079").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5137079").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5137079"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4090" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Medicine">Chinese Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4090" type="text/json">{"id":4090,"name":"Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia">South Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5471" type="text/json">{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9862" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9862" type="text/json">{"id":9862,"name":"Ayurveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5137079]'), work: {"id":5137079,"title":"Mercury in Medicine: Fluid economies of knowledge and trade ","created_at":"2013-11-18T00:02:33.336-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5137079/Mercury_in_Medicine_Fluid_economies_of_knowledge_and_trade?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_5137079","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":510209,"first_name":"Dagmar","last_name":"Wujastyk","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"DagmarWujastyk","display_name":"Dagmar Wujastyk","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/DagmarWujastyk?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/510209/177433/3781328/s65_dagmar.wujastyk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4090,"name":"Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":9862,"name":"Ayurveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ayurveda?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":17061,"name":"Medical Anthropology/ antropología médica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology_antropologia_medica?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":25175,"name":"Social History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":53190,"name":"Tokugawa Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tokugawa_Japan?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":203817,"name":"Arabic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2899814,"name":"Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_and_Turco-Iranian_world_Mongol_world_empire?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2899815,"name":"Seljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seljuk_Mongol_post-Mongol_and_Ottoman_Anatolia_1200-1500_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2899816,"name":"Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_empire_frontier_and_political_culture?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2899817,"name":"Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_and_Ottoman_Turkish_historical_writing?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76788625" data-work_id="76788625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76788625/Efficacy_of_pumpkin_oil_a_Persian_medicine_product_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_insomnia_A_randomized_double_blind_clinical_trial">Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76788625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p&lt;0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.0...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76788625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b02062d2cb9812e6f2d90075db4db56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84374165,"asset_id":76788625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84374165/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59941016" href="https://independent.academia.edu/asieshojaii">asie shojaii</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59941016" type="text/json">{"id":59941016,"first_name":"asie","last_name":"shojaii","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"asieshojaii","display_name":"asie shojaii","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/asieshojaii?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59941016/48736541/36904698/s65_asie.shojaii.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76788625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76788625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76788625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76788625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76788625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76788625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76788625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76788625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76788625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76788625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76788625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76788625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76788625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76788625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials">Clinical Trials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4387" type="text/json">{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7498" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals">Herbals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7498" type="text/json">{"id":7498,"name":"Herbals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76788625]'), work: {"id":76788625,"title":"Efficacy of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in the treatment of chronic insomnia: A randomized double-blind clinical trial","created_at":"2022-04-18T00:51:54.334-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76788625/Efficacy_of_pumpkin_oil_a_Persian_medicine_product_in_the_treatment_of_chronic_insomnia_A_randomized_double_blind_clinical_trial?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_76788625","summary":"Context: According to Persian medicine text, there are some topical herbal remedies for insomnia such as pumpkin oil as a nasal drop. Aims: To evaluate the effect of pumpkin oil (a Persian medicine product) in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on pumpkin oil efficacy in 74 patients with chronic insomnia. The participants received two drops of intranasal pumpkin oil or placebo every night for two weeks. The effects of pumpkin oil and placebo on the pattern of sleep and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and at the end of two weeks of treatment by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. Results: The scores of the ISI questioner were statistically different between groups after two weeks of intervention and patients in the pumpkin oil group had fewer scores for ISI questioner (p\u0026lt;0.001). The reduction of the total score of the Pittsburgh questioner was 10.0...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84374165,"asset_id":76788625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59941016,"first_name":"asie","last_name":"shojaii","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"asieshojaii","display_name":"asie shojaii","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/asieshojaii?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/59941016/48736541/36904698/s65_asie.shojaii.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4387,"name":"Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":7498,"name":"Herbals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbals?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":29420,"name":"Clinical trials (Health Sciences)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_trials_Health_Sciences_?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":37896,"name":"Insomnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":73418,"name":"Medicinal plants and natural products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_plants_and_natural_products?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":141145,"name":"Plantas Medicinales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plantas_Medicinales?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":160152,"name":"Insomnia Cure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insomnia_Cure?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":396050,"name":"Human Clinical Trials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Clinical_Trials?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":523212,"name":"Pumpkins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkins?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":923696,"name":"Pumpkin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pumpkin?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":992299,"name":"Nasal Drops","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasal_Drops?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1931002,"name":"Traditional Persian Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2960347,"name":"Oil extraction from Oil Seeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_extraction_from_Oil_Seeds?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64921652" data-work_id="64921652" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64921652/Evaluation_of_Embryonic_Development_in_the_Holy_Quran_and_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_and_the_Role_of_Quwa_in_Embryogenesis">Evaluation of Embryonic Development in the Holy Quran and Traditional Iranian Medicine and the Role of “Quwa” in Embryogenesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64921652" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have explained these phases based on their accepted principles. The etiology of several fetal abnormalities could be described by understanding the processes involved in embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fetal development based on Iranian traditional medicine and religious studies with an emphasis on &quot;Quwa&quot; as one of the effective factors in this regard. This study was conducted based on a qualitative (content analysis) research design focusing on Iranian traditional medicine and religious texts. The notes and data were taken, collected, and classified. The forces (Quwa) which play important roles during the embryonic development process are classified as vital, psychic, and natural. There are two forces, name...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64921652" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9904a500bb98ef527c350aed38cce706" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76732524,"asset_id":64921652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76732524/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64921652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64921652"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64921652, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64921652", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64921652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64921652; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64921652"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64921652 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64921652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64921652; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64921652]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64921652").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64921652").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64921652"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="301877" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia">Embriologia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="301877" type="text/json">{"id":301877,"name":"Embriologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806643" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_Health">Religion Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806643" type="text/json">{"id":806643,"name":"Religion Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_Health?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64921652]'), work: {"id":64921652,"title":"Evaluation of Embryonic Development in the Holy Quran and Traditional Iranian Medicine and the Role of “Quwa” in Embryogenesis","created_at":"2021-12-17T20:47:20.587-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64921652/Evaluation_of_Embryonic_Development_in_the_Holy_Quran_and_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_and_the_Role_of_Quwa_in_Embryogenesis?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_64921652","summary":"The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have explained these phases based on their accepted principles. The etiology of several fetal abnormalities could be described by understanding the processes involved in embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fetal development based on Iranian traditional medicine and religious studies with an emphasis on \u0026quot;Quwa\u0026quot; as one of the effective factors in this regard. This study was conducted based on a qualitative (content analysis) research design focusing on Iranian traditional medicine and religious texts. The notes and data were taken, collected, and classified. The forces (Quwa) which play important roles during the embryonic development process are classified as vital, psychic, and natural. There are two forces, name...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76732524,"asset_id":64921652,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":301877,"name":"Embriologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":806643,"name":"Religion Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_Health?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59837273" data-work_id="59837273" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59837273/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine">A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59837273" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called “Hayajan al-dam” that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2020;9:e1065] </div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59837273" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="490403d3307f7f1b01e88b4ba3dca5b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73553612,"asset_id":59837273,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73553612/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="116748805" href="https://zums.academia.edu/davoudhasani">davoud hasani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="116748805" type="text/json">{"id":116748805,"first_name":"davoud","last_name":"hasani","domain_name":"zums","page_name":"davoudhasani","display_name":"davoud hasani","profile_url":"https://zums.academia.edu/davoudhasani?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59837273 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59837273"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59837273, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59837273", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59837273 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59837273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59837273"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59837273 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59837273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59837273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59837273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59837273").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59837273").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59837273"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension">Hypertension</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71399" type="text/json">{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari">Rabban Tabari</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846170" type="text/json">{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat">Firdous al-Hekmat</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846171" type="text/json">{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59837273]'), work: {"id":59837273,"title":"A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine","created_at":"2021-10-24T12:25:18.252-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59837273/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_59837273","summary":"Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called “Hayajan al-dam” that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2020;9:e1065] ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73553612,"asset_id":59837273,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":116748805,"first_name":"davoud","last_name":"hasani","domain_name":"zums","page_name":"davoudhasani","display_name":"davoud hasani","profile_url":"https://zums.academia.edu/davoudhasani?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53645897" data-work_id="53645897" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53645897/Designing_self_assessment_questionnaire_for_Persian_medicine_in_the_field_of_education_at_Tehran_University_of_Medical_Sciences">Designing self-assessment questionnaire for Persian medicine in the field of education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of faculty members of the topics discussed that several methods including assessment by the authorities, and students, as well as self-assessment counterparts. Mastering technical skills... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53645897" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of faculty members of the topics discussed that several methods including assessment by the authorities, and students, as well as self-assessment counterparts. Mastering technical skills self-evaluation as a powerful and dynamic tools and do it plays a key role in ensuring the quality of education and professional development.<br />METHODS: The overall structure of the questionnaire, in line with the current rules package and upstream transformation and innovation of medical education, specialized knowledge, educational planning skills, teaching skills, management skills course and assessment of students ' skills and attention to community needs, health problems and providing training in traditional medicine. After collecting the opinions of stakeholders, analyze it and search again in the sources, and also confirm the validity of the formal content and inventory by the Assembly of experts, the staff of the Faculty the final version of the questionnaire was prepared.<br />FINDINGS: This form can be used with the provision of feedback to make them aware of the way faculty members toward their strengths and weaknesses the activities, in order to improve, modify and improve the performance of the necessary training, planning and building new structures on the course to empower members of academic staff in cases of rated performance weaknesses based on the results of the evaluation design and implementation.<br />CONCLUSION: It seems this form can be found on the side of the other evidence and documentation, with the conclusion of the evidence in order to the management decisions and incentive items used.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53645897" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87ece1f51d9e2b9cf6a597a821b9f034" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70393254,"asset_id":53645897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70393254/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="197390101" href="https://mubabol.academia.edu/mededj">Medical Education Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="197390101" type="text/json">{"id":197390101,"first_name":"Medical Education","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"mubabol","page_name":"mededj","display_name":"Medical Education Journal","profile_url":"https://mubabol.academia.edu/mededj?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197390101/59490940/48401176/s65_medical_education.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53645897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53645897"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53645897, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53645897", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53645897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53645897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53645897"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53645897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53645897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53645897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53645897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53645897").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53645897").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53645897"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1750" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment">Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1750" type="text/json">{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="327850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires">Questionnaires</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="327850" type="text/json">{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53645897]'), work: {"id":53645897,"title":"Designing self-assessment questionnaire for Persian medicine in the field of education at Tehran University of Medical Sciences","created_at":"2021-09-28T01:34:12.894-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53645897/Designing_self_assessment_questionnaire_for_Persian_medicine_in_the_field_of_education_at_Tehran_University_of_Medical_Sciences?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_53645897","summary":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of faculty members of the topics discussed that several methods including assessment by the authorities, and students, as well as self-assessment counterparts. Mastering technical skills self-evaluation as a powerful and dynamic tools and do it plays a key role in ensuring the quality of education and professional development.\nMETHODS: The overall structure of the questionnaire, in line with the current rules package and upstream transformation and innovation of medical education, specialized knowledge, educational planning skills, teaching skills, management skills course and assessment of students ' skills and attention to community needs, health problems and providing training in traditional medicine. After collecting the opinions of stakeholders, analyze it and search again in the sources, and also confirm the validity of the formal content and inventory by the Assembly of experts, the staff of the Faculty the final version of the questionnaire was prepared.\nFINDINGS: This form can be used with the provision of feedback to make them aware of the way faculty members toward their strengths and weaknesses the activities, in order to improve, modify and improve the performance of the necessary training, planning and building new structures on the course to empower members of academic staff in cases of rated performance weaknesses based on the results of the evaluation design and implementation.\nCONCLUSION: It seems this form can be found on the side of the other evidence and documentation, with the conclusion of the evidence in order to the management decisions and incentive items used.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70393254,"asset_id":53645897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":197390101,"first_name":"Medical Education","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"mubabol","page_name":"mededj","display_name":"Medical Education Journal","profile_url":"https://mubabol.academia.edu/mededj?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197390101/59490940/48401176/s65_medical_education.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48263294" data-work_id="48263294" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48263294/Exercise_in_the_Elderly_from_the_Perspective_of_Persian_Medicine_A_Solution_to_Prevent_Chronic_Diseases">Exercise in the Elderly from the Perspective of Persian Medicine: A Solution to Prevent Chronic Diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48263294" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56b491e22701724c1cfac90d023f28d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66959098,"asset_id":48263294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66959098/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48263294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48263294"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48263294, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48263294", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48263294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48263294").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48263294").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48263294"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly">Elderly</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64283" type="text/json">{"id":64283,"name":"Elderly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94445" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases">Chronic diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94445" type="text/json">{"id":94445,"name":"Chronic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135185" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise">Exercise</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135185" type="text/json">{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48263294]'), work: {"id":48263294,"title":"Exercise in the Elderly from the Perspective of Persian Medicine: A Solution to Prevent Chronic Diseases","created_at":"2021-05-04T08:01:41.719-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48263294/Exercise_in_the_Elderly_from_the_Perspective_of_Persian_Medicine_A_Solution_to_Prevent_Chronic_Diseases?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_48263294","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66959098,"asset_id":48263294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64283,"name":"Elderly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":94445,"name":"Chronic diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_diseases?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448428" data-work_id="41448428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448428/Avicenna_Ibn_Sina_aspect_of_Ileus">Avicenna (Ibn Sina) aspect of Ileus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dear Editor, Ileus is derived from the Greek word 'eileos,' which means twisting, a prevalent and non- prophylactic consequence in major abdominal operations (Jonson & Walsh 2009) that although it is not life threatening, may expose the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dear Editor,<br />Ileus is derived from the Greek word 'eileos,' which means twisting, a prevalent and non- prophylactic consequence in<br />major abdominal operations (Jonson & Walsh 2009) that although it is not life threatening, may expose the patients to<br />morbidity (Nimarta & Neena & Gupta 2013). Ileus is a lack of intestinal peristalsis without mechanical obstruction<br />(Jonson & Walsh 2009); it occurs post-operatively, ileus (PI) is a delay in the return of a normal bowel movement,<br />which typically lasts 3-5 days dependent on the location, 0 to 24 hours in the small intestine, 24 to 48 hours in the<br />stomach, and 48 to 72 hours in the colon respectively (Ianey 2004) ( Rychter & Clavé 2013)<br />The patients diagnosed with this postoperative state, Ileus, are problematic issues that may occur due to an<br />inflammation, deranged neural input, or medications taken in conjunction with the surgery. The patient susceptibility<br />to this postoperative state may occur following a major intra-or extra-abdominal surgery, or manipulations of the<br />intestines during various other a surgeries (Jonson & Walsh 2009). The pathogenesis of Postoperative Ileus (PI) is<br />unknown ( Rychter & Clavé 2013).<br />To date, no clear-cut therapy is known for postoperative ileus (Rychter & Clavé 2013), but several methods are<br />administered to reduce incidence of postoperative ileus (PI). The use of nasogastric suction, early parenteral nutrition,<br />intravenous infusion of fluids, topical anesthesia, reduced use of intravenous narcotics, surgical procedures like<br />laparoscopy which involves minimal intestinal manipulation, in of place a laparotomy, chewing gum, and other<br />medicinal interventions (Jonson & Walsh 2009) ( Holt & Kehlet 2000 ) (Lubbers & Buurman & Luyer 2010) However,<br />given the various results, the effectiveness of these methods have yet be demonstrated and confirmed (Jonson & Walsh<br />2009).<br />Avicenna, who was also known as Ibn-e-Sina in the western world, lived during year's 980-1037AD, a famous Iranian<br />physician and philosopher. His journal of medicine “Al-Qānūn fı ̄ al-Ṭibb [Canon of Medicine]” is Avicenna's most<br />renowned work. Avicenna's' Cannon of Medicine included very transparent and classified summaries of the entire<br />medical knowledge of that time, rather than his clinical experiences and those of the past physicians (Tabei & Riazi<br />2009) (Turgut & Manduz & Tandogan 2010). Avicenna has been credited for his description and contributions on the<br />etiology of various diseases, his theories and etiology of these diseases along with his documentation of the cures that<br />have led to a series of successful medical treatments of these diseases. Avicenna and other physicians of Iranian<br />traditional medicine had also considered an accumulation of gases (flatus) and secretions in the intestine as one of the<br />reason for PI, but described differently (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262)<br />Ileus has been purposed in books of traditional medicine under title of “Ilavoos”, while the physicians deemed it as a type of<br />colitis but it differs from this term that colitis affects the inner lining of the large intestine, which includes the colon and the<br />rectum, while ileus is specific to small intestine and more hazardous than colitis (Ibn Sina 2005 p. 261). Avicenna has gathered a perfect classification for its symptoms in book “Al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb [Canon of Medicine]”. However, it seems that<br />what may be purposed as the main cause for ileus in patients post surgically is the accumulation of wind “Riah” in<br />intestines (Ibn Sina 2005 p.263)<br />Wind is a product that is produced due to impact of innate heat (natural heat) of body on a dense substance inside the<br />body. In other words,(your body's process for breaking down food for energy) the weak innate heat affects on the given<br />dense material, a stream-like heat may be produced, which will be converted into wind upon its' concentration (Kermani<br />2008 p.606)<br />According of the theory of the physician in the traditional Iranian medicine, trauma or injury of body (surgical<br />incision) and hemorrhage are is a probable reason for the reduction of this instinctive heat that can be seen among<br />these patients (Ibn Abbas 2009 p.388). In contrast, using narcotics and sedatives or anesthetics are classified as very<br />cold and dense materials in traditional medicine and at the same time, the accumulated secretions in intestines may be<br />purposed as adjunctive materials for producing wind (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262). An Empty stomach for long periods of<br />time and spiritual stresses may also act as an agent for producing wind in these patients (Jorjani 2009 p.631).<br />This produced wind may create disorders in performance of intestines in two ways. On the one hand, the wind can be<br />accumulated in the body cavities and within limbs., much like the status in which flatus may be seen in the stomach<br />and intestines; and creation of wind in the intestine may be accumulated inside muscular tissues, which will be<br />followed by pain and intestinal atony and paralysis (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262).<br />With deference to the above statements previously discussed, this hypothesis purposes that one of the causes for<br />postoperative ileus is wind. Therefore, those drugs, which remove the produced dense wind in the digestive system,<br />may contribute to the return of intestinal movement (peristalsis) in the post-surgical patient more quickly following<br />the operation. Additionally, this theory could possibly be used and studied as a new method for prophylactic purpose<br />and treatment of the patient's postoperative ileus (PI) state.<br />We would like to continue further discussions on the aspects of Persian traditional medicinal treatment of ileus in<br />future articles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b28885ebfa178e32cce3465d60c7b3a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622631,"asset_id":41448428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622631/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448428", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448428").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448428").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448428"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1849200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus">Ileus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1849200" type="text/json">{"id":1849200,"name":"Ileus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448428]'), work: {"id":41448428,"title":"Avicenna (Ibn Sina) aspect of Ileus","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:55:33.659-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448428/Avicenna_Ibn_Sina_aspect_of_Ileus?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448428","summary":"Dear Editor,\nIleus is derived from the Greek word 'eileos,' which means twisting, a prevalent and non- prophylactic consequence in\nmajor abdominal operations (Jonson \u0026 Walsh 2009) that although it is not life threatening, may expose the patients to\nmorbidity (Nimarta \u0026 Neena \u0026 Gupta 2013). Ileus is a lack of intestinal peristalsis without mechanical obstruction\n(Jonson \u0026 Walsh 2009); it occurs post-operatively, ileus (PI) is a delay in the return of a normal bowel movement,\nwhich typically lasts 3-5 days dependent on the location, 0 to 24 hours in the small intestine, 24 to 48 hours in the\nstomach, and 48 to 72 hours in the colon respectively (Ianey 2004) ( Rychter \u0026 Clavé 2013)\nThe patients diagnosed with this postoperative state, Ileus, are problematic issues that may occur due to an\ninflammation, deranged neural input, or medications taken in conjunction with the surgery. The patient susceptibility\nto this postoperative state may occur following a major intra-or extra-abdominal surgery, or manipulations of the\nintestines during various other a surgeries (Jonson \u0026 Walsh 2009). The pathogenesis of Postoperative Ileus (PI) is\nunknown ( Rychter \u0026 Clavé 2013).\nTo date, no clear-cut therapy is known for postoperative ileus (Rychter \u0026 Clavé 2013), but several methods are\nadministered to reduce incidence of postoperative ileus (PI). The use of nasogastric suction, early parenteral nutrition,\nintravenous infusion of fluids, topical anesthesia, reduced use of intravenous narcotics, surgical procedures like\nlaparoscopy which involves minimal intestinal manipulation, in of place a laparotomy, chewing gum, and other\nmedicinal interventions (Jonson \u0026 Walsh 2009) ( Holt \u0026 Kehlet 2000 ) (Lubbers \u0026 Buurman \u0026 Luyer 2010) However,\ngiven the various results, the effectiveness of these methods have yet be demonstrated and confirmed (Jonson \u0026 Walsh\n2009).\nAvicenna, who was also known as Ibn-e-Sina in the western world, lived during year's 980-1037AD, a famous Iranian\nphysician and philosopher. His journal of medicine “Al-Qānūn fı ̄ al-Ṭibb [Canon of Medicine]” is Avicenna's most\nrenowned work. Avicenna's' Cannon of Medicine included very transparent and classified summaries of the entire\nmedical knowledge of that time, rather than his clinical experiences and those of the past physicians (Tabei \u0026 Riazi\n2009) (Turgut \u0026 Manduz \u0026 Tandogan 2010). Avicenna has been credited for his description and contributions on the\netiology of various diseases, his theories and etiology of these diseases along with his documentation of the cures that\nhave led to a series of successful medical treatments of these diseases. Avicenna and other physicians of Iranian\ntraditional medicine had also considered an accumulation of gases (flatus) and secretions in the intestine as one of the\nreason for PI, but described differently (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262)\nIleus has been purposed in books of traditional medicine under title of “Ilavoos”, while the physicians deemed it as a type of\ncolitis but it differs from this term that colitis affects the inner lining of the large intestine, which includes the colon and the\nrectum, while ileus is specific to small intestine and more hazardous than colitis (Ibn Sina 2005 p. 261). Avicenna has gathered a perfect classification for its symptoms in book “Al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb [Canon of Medicine]”. However, it seems that\nwhat may be purposed as the main cause for ileus in patients post surgically is the accumulation of wind “Riah” in\nintestines (Ibn Sina 2005 p.263)\nWind is a product that is produced due to impact of innate heat (natural heat) of body on a dense substance inside the\nbody. In other words,(your body's process for breaking down food for energy) the weak innate heat affects on the given\ndense material, a stream-like heat may be produced, which will be converted into wind upon its' concentration (Kermani\n2008 p.606)\nAccording of the theory of the physician in the traditional Iranian medicine, trauma or injury of body (surgical\nincision) and hemorrhage are is a probable reason for the reduction of this instinctive heat that can be seen among\nthese patients (Ibn Abbas 2009 p.388). In contrast, using narcotics and sedatives or anesthetics are classified as very\ncold and dense materials in traditional medicine and at the same time, the accumulated secretions in intestines may be\npurposed as adjunctive materials for producing wind (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262). An Empty stomach for long periods of\ntime and spiritual stresses may also act as an agent for producing wind in these patients (Jorjani 2009 p.631).\nThis produced wind may create disorders in performance of intestines in two ways. On the one hand, the wind can be\naccumulated in the body cavities and within limbs., much like the status in which flatus may be seen in the stomach\nand intestines; and creation of wind in the intestine may be accumulated inside muscular tissues, which will be\nfollowed by pain and intestinal atony and paralysis (Ibn Sina 2005 p.262).\nWith deference to the above statements previously discussed, this hypothesis purposes that one of the causes for\npostoperative ileus is wind. Therefore, those drugs, which remove the produced dense wind in the digestive system,\nmay contribute to the return of intestinal movement (peristalsis) in the post-surgical patient more quickly following\nthe operation. Additionally, this theory could possibly be used and studied as a new method for prophylactic purpose\nand treatment of the patient's postoperative ileus (PI) state.\nWe would like to continue further discussions on the aspects of Persian traditional medicinal treatment of ileus in\nfuture articles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622631,"asset_id":41448428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1849200,"name":"Ileus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ileus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448397" data-work_id="41448397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448397/Potential_therapeutic_applications_for_Terminalia_chebula_in_Iranian_traditional_medicine">Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation, and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely<br />used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran<br />to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation,<br />and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional<br />medicine (ITM) as halileh or halilaj and the<br />fruit is used to develop treatments. It is described<br />in ITM as an astringent that has a "cold" and "dry"<br />temperament. References to the medicinal properties<br />of Terminalia chebula were collected from important<br />ITM sources and from modern medical databases<br />(PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect, and Scopus).<br />The medicinal properties described for this<br />tree in ITM were compared with those reported in<br />studies of modern phytotherapy. The results confirm<br />that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional<br />books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-<br />day studies. Treatments that have not been<br />evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been<br />traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include<br />fever, and psychological and psychiatric issues.<br />This article confirms the medicinal uses of Terminalia<br />chebula.<br />© 2016 JTCM. All rights reserved.<br />Key words: Fructus chebula; Phytochemicals; Pharmacology;<br />Iranian traditional medicine</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91e1c3763082b3f526f41ae6d0e173b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622603,"asset_id":41448397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622603/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448397", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41448397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448397; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41448397"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41448397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41448397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448397; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_">Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="954040" type="text/json">{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2739094" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminalia_chebula">Terminalia chebula</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2739094" type="text/json">{"id":2739094,"name":"Terminalia chebula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminalia_chebula?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448397]'), work: {"id":41448397,"title":"Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:50:33.957-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448397/Potential_therapeutic_applications_for_Terminalia_chebula_in_Iranian_traditional_medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448397","summary":"Abstract\nTerminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely\nused in the traditional medicine of India and Iran\nto treat diseases that include dementia, constipation,\nand diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional\nmedicine (ITM) as halileh or halilaj and the\nfruit is used to develop treatments. It is described\nin ITM as an astringent that has a \"cold\" and \"dry\"\ntemperament. References to the medicinal properties\nof Terminalia chebula were collected from important\nITM sources and from modern medical databases\n(PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect, and Scopus).\nThe medicinal properties described for this\ntree in ITM were compared with those reported in\nstudies of modern phytotherapy. The results confirm\nthat the tree referred to as halileh in traditional\nbooks is the Terminalia chebula used in present-\nday studies. Treatments that have not been\nevaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been\ntraditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include\nfever, and psychological and psychiatric issues.\nThis article confirms the medicinal uses of Terminalia\nchebula.\n© 2016 JTCM. All rights reserved.\nKey words: Fructus chebula; Phytochemicals; Pharmacology;\nIranian traditional medicine","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622603,"asset_id":41448397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2739094,"name":"Terminalia chebula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminalia_chebula?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448288" data-work_id="41448288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448288/Evaluation_of_Embryonic_Development_in_the_Holy_Quran_and_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_and_the_Role_of_Quwa_in_Embryogenesis_Corresponding_Author">Evaluation of Embryonic Development in the Holy Quran and Traditional Iranian Medicine and the Role of "Quwa" in Embryogenesis *Corresponding Author</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have explained these phases based on their accepted principles. The etiology of several fetal abnormalities could be described by understanding the processes involved in embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fetal development based on Iranian traditional medicine and religious studies with an emphasis on "Quwa" as one of the effective factors in this regard. This study was conducted based on a qualitative (content analysis) research design focusing on Iranian traditional medicine and religious texts. The notes and data were taken, collected, and classified. The forces (Quwa) which play important roles during the embryonic development process are classified as vital, psychic, and natural. There are two forces, namely productive, and shaper (Muwallida and Muṣawira) that are effective in the survival of generations. They are derived from a natural force whose origin is the liver. The role of the productive force is the production of semen and the shaper force formats the organs. The role of these forces in the embryonic development process can be defined meticulously based on the holistic point of view of Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine. In addition, the amazing results that embryology and genetics have achieved can be taken into consideration to reinforce these forces in order to prevent some embryonic abnormalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="171e51ce9c211c5021709765adc0dfda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622539,"asset_id":41448288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622539/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448288", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41448288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448288; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41448288"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41448288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41448288"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41448288; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448288]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448288").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448288").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448288"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="301877" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia">Embriologia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="301877" type="text/json">{"id":301877,"name":"Embriologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448288]'), work: {"id":41448288,"title":"Evaluation of Embryonic Development in the Holy Quran and Traditional Iranian Medicine and the Role of \"Quwa\" in Embryogenesis *Corresponding Author","created_at":"2019-12-27T23:39:41.858-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448288/Evaluation_of_Embryonic_Development_in_the_Holy_Quran_and_Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_and_the_Role_of_Quwa_in_Embryogenesis_Corresponding_Author?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448288","summary":"The embryonic development is one of the most important and delicate stages in human life. The mysteries and marvels of this intricate development have perplexed everyone. Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine have explained these phases based on their accepted principles. The etiology of several fetal abnormalities could be described by understanding the processes involved in embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the fetal development based on Iranian traditional medicine and religious studies with an emphasis on \"Quwa\" as one of the effective factors in this regard. This study was conducted based on a qualitative (content analysis) research design focusing on Iranian traditional medicine and religious texts. The notes and data were taken, collected, and classified. The forces (Quwa) which play important roles during the embryonic development process are classified as vital, psychic, and natural. There are two forces, namely productive, and shaper (Muwallida and Muṣawira) that are effective in the survival of generations. They are derived from a natural force whose origin is the liver. The role of the productive force is the production of semen and the shaper force formats the organs. The role of these forces in the embryonic development process can be defined meticulously based on the holistic point of view of Muslim physicians and scholars of traditional Iranian medicine. In addition, the amazing results that embryology and genetics have achieved can be taken into consideration to reinforce these forces in order to prevent some embryonic abnormalities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622539,"asset_id":41448288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":301877,"name":"Embriologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embriologia?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659598" data-work_id="37659598" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659598/Adherence_to_prescribed_medications_of_Iranian_traditional_medicine_in_a_group_of_patients_with_chronic_disease_pdf">Adherence to prescribed medications of Iranian traditional medicine in a group of patients with chronic disease.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: The extent to which a person’s health‑related behavior corresponds with medical instructions (adherence) is an important modifier of health system effectiveness. This study was designed to determine the patients’ adherence to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659598" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: The extent to which a person’s health‑related behavior corresponds with<br />medical instructions (adherence) is an important modifier of health system effectiveness.<br />This study was designed to determine the patients’ adherence to Iranian traditional<br />medicine in a group of patients with chronic disease.<br />Methods: Convenience sampling was used to enroll 320 patients with chronic diseases<br />from January 2014 to January 2015 in clinics of traditional medicine affiliated with<br />medical universities in Tehran. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was<br />used to measure the adherence. After describing the variables and the frequency of<br />adherence, logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors.<br />Findings: Mean age was 40.8 (standard deviation [SD] =13) years. The mean of the<br />duration of disease was 54.6 (SD = 56.1) months and mean of the duration of referring to<br />the clinics 6.5 (SD = 6.9) months. Total score of MMAS was zero in 33 (10.3%) of patients<br />(high adherence), one or two in 128 (40%) of patients (moderate adherence), and more<br />than two in 159 (49.7%) of patients (low adherence). Forgetfulness, bad taste, not<br />availability, and the high cost of the drugs were the most commonly reported causes of<br />non‑adherence. Adherence was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] =1.05, 95% confidence<br />interval [95% CI] 1–1.1), marriage (OR = 10.8, 95% CI 2.05–57.6), number of prescribed<br />drugs (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.14), and duration of disease (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1–1.02).<br />Conclusion: Considering the low adherence in users of medications of Iranian traditional<br />medicine, health care practitioners need to be trained in adherence and influencing factors and also to use some interventions to increase the adherence.<br />Keywords: Adherence; compliance; Iran; traditional medicine</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df0fa605dd4e082eaa216fecab9e6a99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647297,"asset_id":37659598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647297/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659598"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659598, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659598", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37659598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37659598"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37659598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37659598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37659598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37659598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37659598").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37659598").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37659598"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="281755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication">Medication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="281755" type="text/json">{"id":281755,"name":"Medication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37659598]'), work: {"id":37659598,"title":"Adherence to prescribed medications of Iranian traditional medicine in a group of patients with chronic disease.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T11:22:52.564-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37659598/Adherence_to_prescribed_medications_of_Iranian_traditional_medicine_in_a_group_of_patients_with_chronic_disease_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37659598","summary":"Objective: The extent to which a person’s health‑related behavior corresponds with\nmedical instructions (adherence) is an important modifier of health system effectiveness.\nThis study was designed to determine the patients’ adherence to Iranian traditional\nmedicine in a group of patients with chronic disease.\nMethods: Convenience sampling was used to enroll 320 patients with chronic diseases\nfrom January 2014 to January 2015 in clinics of traditional medicine affiliated with\nmedical universities in Tehran. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was\nused to measure the adherence. After describing the variables and the frequency of\nadherence, logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors.\nFindings: Mean age was 40.8 (standard deviation [SD] =13) years. The mean of the\nduration of disease was 54.6 (SD = 56.1) months and mean of the duration of referring to\nthe clinics 6.5 (SD = 6.9) months. Total score of MMAS was zero in 33 (10.3%) of patients\n(high adherence), one or two in 128 (40%) of patients (moderate adherence), and more\nthan two in 159 (49.7%) of patients (low adherence). Forgetfulness, bad taste, not\navailability, and the high cost of the drugs were the most commonly reported causes of\nnon‑adherence. Adherence was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] =1.05, 95% confidence\ninterval [95% CI] 1–1.1), marriage (OR = 10.8, 95% CI 2.05–57.6), number of prescribed\ndrugs (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.14), and duration of disease (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1–1.02).\nConclusion: Considering the low adherence in users of medications of Iranian traditional\nmedicine, health care practitioners need to be trained in adherence and influencing factors and also to use some interventions to increase the adherence.\nKeywords: Adherence; compliance; Iran; traditional medicine","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647297,"asset_id":37659598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":281755,"name":"Medication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37657485" data-work_id="37657485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37657485/A_case_of_portal_vein_thrombosis_and_its_cure_by_Iranian_traditional_medicine_pdf">A case of portal vein thrombosis and its cure by Iranian traditional medicine.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Introduction: Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) is a rare and disabling condition. The most common underlying causes of PVT is pancreatitis, myeloproliferative disorders, liver carcinoma and lack of anticoagulant (thrombophilia). It... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37657485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />Introduction: Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) is a rare and disabling condition. The most<br />common underlying causes of PVT is pancreatitis, myeloproliferative disorders, liver<br />carcinoma and lack of anticoagulant (thrombophilia). It can be observed in the patients who<br />have undergone spleenectomy for any reason such as β-thalassemia major. Portal vein<br />thrombosis treatment is usually conservative.<br />Case Report: The case was a 70-year-old woman who came without a history or risk-factor<br />but with abdominal pain and acute anorexia. Clinical examination, ultrasonography and CT<br />scan diagnosed portal vein thrombosis and spleen vein thrombosis enhancing to mesenteric<br />veins. Given the unresponsiveness of the case to the routine anti-coagulant treatments and not<br />having appropriate criteria for surgical treatment, she was referred to the traditional medicine<br />clinic. In initial examination, venous blockage was diagnosed and the patient underwent<br />phlebotomy and traditional medicine pharmacotherapy. After three weeks, all the symptoms<br />of the patient were relieved as depicted in ultrasonography and clinical examinations.<br />Conclusion: Given the hazardous complications of portal vein thrombosis and lack of a<br />definitive treatment protocol, it seems that the Iranian Traditional Medicine can be<br />contributory to its treatment.<br />Keywords: Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT), Spleen Vein Thrombosis (SVT), Iranian<br />Traditional Medicine (ITM), Phlebotomy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37657485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4a723b0877db315f8d16251d0bf32d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57644896,"asset_id":37657485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57644896/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37657485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37657485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37657485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37657485", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37657485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37657485; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37657485"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37657485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37657485"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37657485; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37657485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37657485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37657485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37657485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="456039" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phlebotomy">Phlebotomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="456039" type="text/json">{"id":456039,"name":"Phlebotomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phlebotomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37657485]'), work: {"id":37657485,"title":"A case of portal vein thrombosis and its cure by Iranian traditional medicine.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-27T01:41:54.463-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37657485/A_case_of_portal_vein_thrombosis_and_its_cure_by_Iranian_traditional_medicine_pdf?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37657485","summary":"Abstract\nIntroduction: Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) is a rare and disabling condition. The most\ncommon underlying causes of PVT is pancreatitis, myeloproliferative disorders, liver\ncarcinoma and lack of anticoagulant (thrombophilia). It can be observed in the patients who\nhave undergone spleenectomy for any reason such as β-thalassemia major. Portal vein\nthrombosis treatment is usually conservative.\nCase Report: The case was a 70-year-old woman who came without a history or risk-factor\nbut with abdominal pain and acute anorexia. Clinical examination, ultrasonography and CT\nscan diagnosed portal vein thrombosis and spleen vein thrombosis enhancing to mesenteric\nveins. Given the unresponsiveness of the case to the routine anti-coagulant treatments and not\nhaving appropriate criteria for surgical treatment, she was referred to the traditional medicine\nclinic. In initial examination, venous blockage was diagnosed and the patient underwent\nphlebotomy and traditional medicine pharmacotherapy. After three weeks, all the symptoms\nof the patient were relieved as depicted in ultrasonography and clinical examinations.\nConclusion: Given the hazardous complications of portal vein thrombosis and lack of a\ndefinitive treatment protocol, it seems that the Iranian Traditional Medicine can be\ncontributory to its treatment.\nKeywords: Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT), Spleen Vein Thrombosis (SVT), Iranian\nTraditional Medicine (ITM), Phlebotomy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57644896,"asset_id":37657485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":456039,"name":"Phlebotomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phlebotomy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3048532,"name":"Spleen Vein Thrombosis ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spleen_Vein_Thrombosis?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3048533,"name":"Portal Vein Thrombosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portal_Vein_Thrombosis?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76194299" data-work_id="76194299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76194299/Diagnostic_Protocol_of_Warm_and_Cold_Uterine_Temperaments_Based_on_Persian_Medicine_A_Qualitative_Study">Diagnostic Protocol of Warm and Cold Uterine Temperaments Based on Persian Medicine: A Qualitative Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76194299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this organ’s diseases. Many gynecological disorders in TIM including infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are related to uterine distemperament (Su-e mizaj). Therefore, their appropriate treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment of uterine distemperament. Criteria for uterine distemperament in TIM resources are qualitative with no method for precise measurement of its symptoms. This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic protocol of uterine temperament and distemperament for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.<br />Methods: This is a qualitative study using hybrid concept analysis including three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, TIM resources were reviewed. In the fieldwork phase, experts in TIM and patients were interviewed to extract concepts related to uterine temperaments and distemperaments.<br />Results: In the final analytical phase, major and minor criteria for determination of uterine temperament were presented. Then, we had a several meetings with a panel of experts in TIM in order to design the protocol which led to the development of a standard diagnostic protocol of warm and cold uterine temperament/distemperament.<br />Conclusion: The proposed protocol is an important step towards harmonizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment in TIM, and can be used for treatment or research purposes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76194299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93afd9c9f4449b20349a2044cb4bccd5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83939152,"asset_id":76194299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83939152/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14390272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal">Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14390272" type="text/json">{"id":14390272,"first_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal","last_name":"(CMJA)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cmjajournal","display_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14390272/3926185/31877027/s65_cmja.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76194299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76194299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76194299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76194299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76194299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76194299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76194299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76194299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76194299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76194299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76194299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76194299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76194299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76194299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134348" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament">Temperament</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134348" type="text/json">{"id":134348,"name":"Temperament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="987079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uterus">Uterus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="987079" type="text/json">{"id":987079,"name":"Uterus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uterus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76194299]'), work: {"id":76194299,"title":"Diagnostic Protocol of Warm and Cold Uterine Temperaments Based on Persian Medicine: A Qualitative Study","created_at":"2022-04-12T00:39:44.308-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76194299/Diagnostic_Protocol_of_Warm_and_Cold_Uterine_Temperaments_Based_on_Persian_Medicine_A_Qualitative_Study?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_76194299","summary":"Objective: Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this organ’s diseases. Many gynecological disorders in TIM including infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are related to uterine distemperament (Su-e mizaj). Therefore, their appropriate treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment of uterine distemperament. Criteria for uterine distemperament in TIM resources are qualitative with no method for precise measurement of its symptoms. This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic protocol of uterine temperament and distemperament for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.\nMethods: This is a qualitative study using hybrid concept analysis including three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, TIM resources were reviewed. In the fieldwork phase, experts in TIM and patients were interviewed to extract concepts related to uterine temperaments and distemperaments.\nResults: In the final analytical phase, major and minor criteria for determination of uterine temperament were presented. Then, we had a several meetings with a panel of experts in TIM in order to design the protocol which led to the development of a standard diagnostic protocol of warm and cold uterine temperament/distemperament.\nConclusion: The proposed protocol is an important step towards harmonizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment in TIM, and can be used for treatment or research purposes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83939152,"asset_id":76194299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14390272,"first_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal","last_name":"(CMJA)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cmjajournal","display_name":"Complementary Medicine Journal (CMJA)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cmjajournal?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14390272/3926185/31877027/s65_cmja.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134348,"name":"Temperament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperament?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":987079,"name":"Uterus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uterus?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73576034" data-work_id="73576034" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73576034/Potential_therapeutic_applications_for_Terminalia_chebula_in_Iranian_traditional_medicine">Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation, and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73576034" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation, and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as halileh or halilaj and the fruit is used to develop treatments. It is described in ITM as an astringent that has a &quot;cold&quot; and &quot;dry&quot; temperament. References to the medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula were collected from important ITM sources and from modern medical databases (PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). The medicinal properties described for this tree in ITM were compared with those reported in studies of modern phytotherapy. The results confirm that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-day studies. Treatments that have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include fever, and psychological and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73576034" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7b32a74206fc1800fae90f38efe37da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82044691,"asset_id":73576034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82044691/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73576034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73576034"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73576034, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73576034", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73576034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73576034; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73576034"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73576034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73576034"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73576034; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73576034]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73576034").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73576034").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73576034"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60107" type="text/json">{"id":60107,"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954040" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_">Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="954040" type="text/json">{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73576034]'), work: {"id":73576034,"title":"Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine","created_at":"2022-03-11T21:02:10.351-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73576034/Potential_therapeutic_applications_for_Terminalia_chebula_in_Iranian_traditional_medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_73576034","summary":"Terminalia chebula (family: Combretaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India and Iran to treat diseases that include dementia, constipation, and diabetes. This tree is known in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as halileh or halilaj and the fruit is used to develop treatments. It is described in ITM as an astringent that has a \u0026quot;cold\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;dry\u0026quot; temperament. References to the medicinal properties of Terminalia chebula were collected from important ITM sources and from modern medical databases (PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). The medicinal properties described for this tree in ITM were compared with those reported in studies of modern phytotherapy. The results confirm that the tree referred to as halileh in traditional books is the Terminalia chebula used in present-day studies. Treatments that have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy but have been traditionally treated with Terminalia chebula include fever, and psychological and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82044691,"asset_id":73576034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":60107,"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":954040,"name":"Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Iranian_Medicine_TIM_?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":2739094,"name":"Terminalia chebula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminalia_chebula?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73016221" data-work_id="73016221" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73016221/Correlation_between_gastrointestinal_symptoms_and_adherence_to_traditional_Persian_medicine_dietary_recommendations_in_patients_with_vitiligo_a_cross_sectional_study">Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and adherence to traditional Persian medicine dietary recommendations in patients with vitiligo; a cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives Vitiligo is a chronic disease associated with the depigmentation of regions of the skin secondary to structural or functional damage to melanocytes. This damage results from interactions between the immune system and oxidative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73016221" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives Vitiligo is a chronic disease associated with the depigmentation of regions of the skin secondary to structural or functional damage to melanocytes. This damage results from interactions between the immune system and oxidative stress. In traditional Persian medicine (TPM), the concept of &#39;Barass&#39; or &#39;Pissi&#39; encompasses a group of skin diseases including vitiligo, for which there has been an emphasis on the preventive and therapeutic role of dietary modifications. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 200 vitiligo patients and 200 controls were enrolled with a random sampling method. The participants included patients with vitiligo referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran), with the control group being comprised individuals who referred to this clinic for cosmetic purposes. Questionnaires comparing the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and the rate of adherence to TPM dietary recommendations were filled by all partici...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73016221" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72778809" href="https://independent.academia.edu/amirmohammadJaladat">amir mohammad Jaladat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72778809" type="text/json">{"id":72778809,"first_name":"amir mohammad","last_name":"Jaladat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amirmohammadJaladat","display_name":"amir mohammad Jaladat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amirmohammadJaladat?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73016221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73016221"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73016221, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73016221", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73016221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73016221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73016221"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73016221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73016221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73016221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73016221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73016221").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73016221").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73016221"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12729" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12729" type="text/json">{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73016221]'), work: {"id":73016221,"title":"Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and adherence to traditional Persian medicine dietary recommendations in patients with vitiligo; a cross-sectional study","created_at":"2022-03-04T03:27:15.105-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73016221/Correlation_between_gastrointestinal_symptoms_and_adherence_to_traditional_Persian_medicine_dietary_recommendations_in_patients_with_vitiligo_a_cross_sectional_study?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_73016221","summary":"Objectives Vitiligo is a chronic disease associated with the depigmentation of regions of the skin secondary to structural or functional damage to melanocytes. This damage results from interactions between the immune system and oxidative stress. In traditional Persian medicine (TPM), the concept of \u0026#39;Barass\u0026#39; or \u0026#39;Pissi\u0026#39; encompasses a group of skin diseases including vitiligo, for which there has been an emphasis on the preventive and therapeutic role of dietary modifications. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 200 vitiligo patients and 200 controls were enrolled with a random sampling method. The participants included patients with vitiligo referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Shahid Faghihi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran), with the control group being comprised individuals who referred to this clinic for cosmetic purposes. Questionnaires comparing the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and the rate of adherence to TPM dietary recommendations were filled by all partici...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72778809,"first_name":"amir mohammad","last_name":"Jaladat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amirmohammadJaladat","display_name":"amir mohammad Jaladat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amirmohammadJaladat?f_ri=1189254","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":587949,"name":"Vitiligo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitiligo?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":695365,"name":"Integrative and Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_and_Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56175460" data-work_id="56175460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56175460/An_Evidence_Based_Review_of_Medicinal_Plants_Used_for_the_Treatment_of_Vaginitis_by_Avicenna_in_the_Canon_of_Medicine_">An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by Avicenna in “the Canon of Medicine”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56175460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book “the Canon of Medicine” to scientifically demonstrate their effects and their potential to be used as complementary therapies. The medicinal plants listed for vaginitis treatment in “the Canon of Medicine” were extracted. The scientific name and English common name of the given medicinal plants were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until December 2017 to obtain any in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence related to vaginitis. Various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-prostaglandin E2, have...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56175460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c46122e8a745e36624fe7ab34f5da9d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71690521,"asset_id":56175460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71690521/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19066034" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/TaherehEftekhar">Tahereh Eftekhar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19066034" type="text/json">{"id":19066034,"first_name":"Tahereh","last_name":"Eftekhar","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"TaherehEftekhar","display_name":"Tahereh Eftekhar","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/TaherehEftekhar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19066034/5292282/54047408/s65_tahereh.eftekhar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56175460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56175460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56175460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56175460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56175460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56175460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56175460"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56175460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56175460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56175460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56175460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56175460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56175460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56175460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna">Avicenna</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38977" type="text/json">{"id":38977,"name":"Avicenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="376418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Inflammatory">Anti Inflammatory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="376418" type="text/json">{"id":376418,"name":"Anti Inflammatory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Inflammatory?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="602420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis">Vaginitis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="602420" type="text/json">{"id":602420,"name":"Vaginitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="913998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial">Antibacterial</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="913998" type="text/json">{"id":913998,"name":"Antibacterial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56175460]'), work: {"id":56175460,"title":"An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by Avicenna in “the Canon of Medicine”","created_at":"2021-10-06T23:48:31.229-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56175460/An_Evidence_Based_Review_of_Medicinal_Plants_Used_for_the_Treatment_of_Vaginitis_by_Avicenna_in_the_Canon_of_Medicine_?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_56175460","summary":"Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book “the Canon of Medicine” to scientifically demonstrate their effects and their potential to be used as complementary therapies. The medicinal plants listed for vaginitis treatment in “the Canon of Medicine” were extracted. The scientific name and English common name of the given medicinal plants were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until December 2017 to obtain any in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence related to vaginitis. Various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-prostaglandin E2, have...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71690521,"asset_id":56175460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19066034,"first_name":"Tahereh","last_name":"Eftekhar","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"TaherehEftekhar","display_name":"Tahereh Eftekhar","profile_url":"https://tehran.academia.edu/TaherehEftekhar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19066034/5292282/54047408/s65_tahereh.eftekhar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38977,"name":"Avicenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":376418,"name":"Anti Inflammatory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Inflammatory?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":602420,"name":"Vaginitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":913998,"name":"Antibacterial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49533859" data-work_id="49533859" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49533859/A_Case_Report_of_Treating_Femur_Head_Necrosis_Applying_Persian_Medicine">A Case Report of Treating Femur Head Necrosis Applying Persian-Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head due to the death of the osteocytes of the bone marrow occurs because the organ is not supplied with sufficient blood. The prevalence of the problem is 10%-50% in adults. The etiology of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49533859" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head due to the death of the osteocytes of the bone marrow occurs because the organ is not supplied with sufficient blood. The prevalence of the problem is 10%-50% in adults. The etiology of the disease includes various factors such as trauma, cigarette smoking, drinking spirits, taking corticosteroids, genetics, metabolic disorders, human immunodeficiency virus, pregnancy, and the like. The treatment of necrosis can be conducted regarding the degree of the problem. In the present paper, a case was reported whose femur head necrosis was treated by applying Iranian Medicine without using common drugs in modem Medicine. The patient was a 46-year-old man who had felt severe pain in his left hip since a month before referring. The pain had gradually increased and the AVN of the femur head was diagnosed after magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the surgery and arthroplasty of the femur head were recommended in this regard. In general, surgery and arthroplasty were recommended regarding the hard medicinal and complicated treatment of the AVN of the femur head. However, it is noteworthy that applying Iranian medicine capacities is possible for curing the disease.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49533859" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c301374412e60a00679384b42f05cfa9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67864901,"asset_id":49533859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67864901/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20661171" href="https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi">Mojtaba Abdi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20661171" type="text/json">{"id":20661171,"first_name":"Mojtaba","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MojtabaAbdi","display_name":"Mojtaba Abdi","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20661171/5761591/45816237/s65_mojtaba.abdi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49533859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49533859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49533859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49533859", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49533859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49533859; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49533859"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49533859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49533859"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49533859; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49533859]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49533859").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49533859").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49533859"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3759876" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/avascular_necrosis_femoral_head">avascular necrosis femoral head</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3759876" type="text/json">{"id":3759876,"name":"avascular necrosis femoral head","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/avascular_necrosis_femoral_head?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49533859]'), work: {"id":49533859,"title":"A Case Report of Treating Femur Head Necrosis Applying Persian-Medicine","created_at":"2021-07-04T01:26:04.501-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49533859/A_Case_Report_of_Treating_Femur_Head_Necrosis_Applying_Persian_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_49533859","summary":"The avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head due to the death of the osteocytes of the bone marrow occurs because the organ is not supplied with sufficient blood. The prevalence of the problem is 10%-50% in adults. The etiology of the disease includes various factors such as trauma, cigarette smoking, drinking spirits, taking corticosteroids, genetics, metabolic disorders, human immunodeficiency virus, pregnancy, and the like. The treatment of necrosis can be conducted regarding the degree of the problem. In the present paper, a case was reported whose femur head necrosis was treated by applying Iranian Medicine without using common drugs in modem Medicine. The patient was a 46-year-old man who had felt severe pain in his left hip since a month before referring. The pain had gradually increased and the AVN of the femur head was diagnosed after magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, the surgery and arthroplasty of the femur head were recommended in this regard. In general, surgery and arthroplasty were recommended regarding the hard medicinal and complicated treatment of the AVN of the femur head. However, it is noteworthy that applying Iranian medicine capacities is possible for curing the disease.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67864901,"asset_id":49533859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20661171,"first_name":"Mojtaba","last_name":"Abdi","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"MojtabaAbdi","display_name":"Mojtaba Abdi","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/MojtabaAbdi?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20661171/5761591/45816237/s65_mojtaba.abdi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3759876,"name":"avascular necrosis femoral head","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/avascular_necrosis_femoral_head?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49043644" data-work_id="49043644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49043644/Impact_of_Jollab_on_Blood_Parameters_in_Patients_with_Breast_Cancer_Undergoing_Chemotherapy_A_Pilot_Randomized_Controlled_Trial">Impact of Jollab on Blood Parameters in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: In cancer patients, a prominent side effect of chemotherapy drugs is bone marrow suppression, which leads to decreased blood cell production. Herbal remedies and natural substances such as honey may fulfill a role in relieving... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49043644" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: In cancer patients, a prominent side effect of chemotherapy drugs is bone marrow suppression, which leads to decreased blood cell production. Herbal remedies and natural substances such as honey may fulfill a role in relieving this complication. The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Jollab (a honey-based syrup) in the prevention of pancytopenia in female patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In a pilot double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 patients were examined in terms of leukocyte count, platelet count, and hemoglobin level at the Shohaday-e Tajrish Cancer Clinic (Tehran, Iran) in 2020. The intervention group consumed 10 ml of Jollab syrup three times a day for four weeks, while the control group took a placebo with the same prescription. The independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used for data analysis in this trial. Results: Our data revealed that the total number of leukocytes, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts have no significant differences between the two groups at the end of the study, but significant changes were discovered for hemoglobin and platelet levels in intragroup analysis for both intervention and placebo groups. Conclusion: Although the use of Jollab was not found to be effective in augmenting the levels of blood cell parameters in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, future studies of higher quality may demonstrate its supportive role provided the present limitations are addressed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49043644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3334f50afb84983a05c5633f44178a8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67427956,"asset_id":49043644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67427956/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49043644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49043644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49043644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49043644", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49043644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49043644; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49043644"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49043644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49043644"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49043644; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49043644]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49043644").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49043644").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49043644"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="656" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="656" type="text/json">{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49043644]'), work: {"id":49043644,"title":"Impact of Jollab on Blood Parameters in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","created_at":"2021-05-25T09:17:37.490-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49043644/Impact_of_Jollab_on_Blood_Parameters_in_Patients_with_Breast_Cancer_Undergoing_Chemotherapy_A_Pilot_Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_49043644","summary":"Background: In cancer patients, a prominent side effect of chemotherapy drugs is bone marrow suppression, which leads to decreased blood cell production. Herbal remedies and natural substances such as honey may fulfill a role in relieving this complication. The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Jollab (a honey-based syrup) in the prevention of pancytopenia in female patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In a pilot double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 patients were examined in terms of leukocyte count, platelet count, and hemoglobin level at the Shohaday-e Tajrish Cancer Clinic (Tehran, Iran) in 2020. The intervention group consumed 10 ml of Jollab syrup three times a day for four weeks, while the control group took a placebo with the same prescription. The independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used for data analysis in this trial. Results: Our data revealed that the total number of leukocytes, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts have no significant differences between the two groups at the end of the study, but significant changes were discovered for hemoglobin and platelet levels in intragroup analysis for both intervention and placebo groups. Conclusion: Although the use of Jollab was not found to be effective in augmenting the levels of blood cell parameters in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, future studies of higher quality may demonstrate its supportive role provided the present limitations are addressed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67427956,"asset_id":49043644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":9114,"name":"Chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotherapy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":64758,"name":"Honey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Honey?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3983769,"name":"Jollab","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jollab?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3983770,"name":"Bone Marrow Suppression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Marrow_Suppression?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44814336" data-work_id="44814336" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44814336/An_Evidence_Based_Review_of_Medicinal_Plants_Used_for_the_Treatment_of_Vaginitis_by_Avicenna_in_the_Canon_of_Medicine_GMJ">An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by Avicenna in "the Canon of Medicine" GMJ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44814336" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book "the Canon of Medicine" to scientifically demonstrate their effects and their potential to be used as complementary therapies. The medicinal plants listed for vaginitis treatment in "the Canon of Medicine" were extracted. The scientific name and English common name of the given medicinal plants were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until December 2017 to obtain any in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence related to vaginitis. Various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-prostaglandin E2, have been demonstrated for medicinal plants emphasized by Avicenna for vaginitis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Myrtus reported an improvement in the treatment of bacterial vagino-sis. Four RCTs on pomegranate indicated a reduction in inflammatory factors in the patients. Medicinal herbs offered in Herbal Medicine are valuable sources for the treatment of various diseases. Effects and pharmacodynamics having been proved by conventional medicine confirm the effectiveness of these herbs. Therefore, these plants can be used in the treatment of vaginitis thanks to further clinical studies. [GMJ.2019;8:e1270]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44814336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="56d903b8f6eb6b48c97ce2d35553a280" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65314209,"asset_id":44814336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65314209/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44814336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44814336"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44814336, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44814336", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44814336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44814336; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44814336"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44814336 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44814336"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44814336; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44814336]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44814336").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44814336").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44814336"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna">Avicenna</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38977" type="text/json">{"id":38977,"name":"Avicenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="382483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory">Anti-inflammatory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="382483" type="text/json">{"id":382483,"name":"Anti-inflammatory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="602420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis">Vaginitis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="602420" type="text/json">{"id":602420,"name":"Vaginitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="913998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial">Antibacterial</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="913998" type="text/json">{"id":913998,"name":"Antibacterial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44814336]'), work: {"id":44814336,"title":"An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by Avicenna in \"the Canon of Medicine\" GMJ","created_at":"2021-01-01T10:44:30.315-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44814336/An_Evidence_Based_Review_of_Medicinal_Plants_Used_for_the_Treatment_of_Vaginitis_by_Avicenna_in_the_Canon_of_Medicine_GMJ?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_44814336","summary":"Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book \"the Canon of Medicine\" to scientifically demonstrate their effects and their potential to be used as complementary therapies. The medicinal plants listed for vaginitis treatment in \"the Canon of Medicine\" were extracted. The scientific name and English common name of the given medicinal plants were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until December 2017 to obtain any in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence related to vaginitis. Various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-prostaglandin E2, have been demonstrated for medicinal plants emphasized by Avicenna for vaginitis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Myrtus reported an improvement in the treatment of bacterial vagino-sis. Four RCTs on pomegranate indicated a reduction in inflammatory factors in the patients. Medicinal herbs offered in Herbal Medicine are valuable sources for the treatment of various diseases. Effects and pharmacodynamics having been proved by conventional medicine confirm the effectiveness of these herbs. Therefore, these plants can be used in the treatment of vaginitis thanks to further clinical studies. [GMJ.2019;8:e1270]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65314209,"asset_id":44814336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38977,"name":"Avicenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avicenna?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":382483,"name":"Anti-inflammatory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":602420,"name":"Vaginitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaginitis?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":913998,"name":"Antibacterial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44814285" data-work_id="44814285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44814285/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine_GMJ">A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine GMJ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44814285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called "Hayajan al-dam" that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2019;8:e1065]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44814285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b96e84a944d6650d7fda87f4074d58c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65314128,"asset_id":44814285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65314128/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80794246" href="https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ">Galen Medical Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80794246" type="text/json">{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44814285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44814285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44814285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44814285", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44814285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44814285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44814285"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44814285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44814285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44814285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44814285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44814285").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44814285").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44814285"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension">Hypertension</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71399" type="text/json">{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari">Rabban Tabari</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846170" type="text/json">{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3846171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat">Firdous al-Hekmat</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3846171" type="text/json">{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44814285]'), work: {"id":44814285,"title":"A Review on the Hypotheses about Arterial Hypertension from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine GMJ","created_at":"2021-01-01T10:27:47.936-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44814285/A_Review_on_the_Hypotheses_about_Arterial_Hypertension_from_the_Viewpoint_of_Traditional_Persian_Medicine_GMJ?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_44814285","summary":"Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in recent decades worldwide. It has been distinguished as the main risk factor of coronary artery disease, aortic dissection, heart failure, renal failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and death. In recent years, the global attention has been paid to complementary medicine to preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for hypertension, in previous studies, the history of hypertension from the viewpoint of traditional Persian medicine have been reviewed and several hypotheses raised. In this article, we present the concept of an Iranian physician namely Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari on hypertension, which has not been considered properly until now. He defined a state called \"Hayajan al-dam\" that has clinical manifestations similar to hypertension, although these are not the same, also, we reviewed the viewpoint of other Persian medicine scholars namely Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Akhawayni and Avicenna for this topic. [GMJ.2019;8:e1065]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65314128,"asset_id":44814285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80794246,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Medical Journal","domain_name":"fums","page_name":"GMJ","display_name":"Galen Medical Journal","profile_url":"https://fums.academia.edu/GMJ?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80794246/48979601/38502520/s65_galen.medical_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846170,"name":"Rabban Tabari","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rabban_Tabari?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":3846171,"name":"Firdous al-Hekmat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firdous_al_Hekmat?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41448464" data-work_id="41448464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41448464/Gorgani_2005_and_folk_medicine_we_found_medicinal_plants_include_hazelnut">Gorgani, 2005) and folk medicine, we found medicinal plants include hazelnut</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairments in memory and cognition and most appears during aging (Ehab et al., 2001). Drugs of modern medicine includes AChE inhibitors and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41448464" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairments in memory and cognition and most appears during aging (Ehab et al., 2001). Drugs of modern medicine includes AChE inhibitors and anti-oxidants are unable to treat it, exactly. On the other hand the main reason of AD in Iranian traditional medicine in aging was secondary fluids that created decline in memory (Azamkhan, 2004; Arzani, 2008). The use of traditional and indigenous drug from medicinal plants either single or compound are effective in</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41448464" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26989e1d04364a7eef306153f4bdfb46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61622655,"asset_id":41448464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61622655/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6119532" href="https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar">Dr. Jokar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6119532" type="text/json">{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41448464 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41448464"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41448464, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41448464", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41448464]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41448464").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41448464").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41448464"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3776" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease">Alzheimer's Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3776" type="text/json">{"id":3776,"name":"Alzheimer's Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine">Iranian Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528985" type="text/json">{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1189254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine">Persian medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1189254" type="text/json">{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41448464]'), work: {"id":41448464,"title":"Gorgani, 2005) and folk medicine, we found medicinal plants include hazelnut","created_at":"2019-12-28T00:00:21.294-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41448464/Gorgani_2005_and_folk_medicine_we_found_medicinal_plants_include_hazelnut?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_41448464","summary":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairments in memory and cognition and most appears during aging (Ehab et al., 2001). Drugs of modern medicine includes AChE inhibitors and anti-oxidants are unable to treat it, exactly. On the other hand the main reason of AD in Iranian traditional medicine in aging was secondary fluids that created decline in memory (Azamkhan, 2004; Arzani, 2008). The use of traditional and indigenous drug from medicinal plants either single or compound are effective in","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61622655,"asset_id":41448464,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6119532,"first_name":"Dr.","last_name":"Jokar","domain_name":"mazums","page_name":"DrJokar","display_name":"Dr. Jokar","profile_url":"https://mazums.academia.edu/DrJokar?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6119532/29081687/27115748/s65_hakim.jokar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3776,"name":"Alzheimer's Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimers_Disease?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37660005" data-work_id="37660005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37660005/Hijamat_wet_cupping_therapy_in_Persian_medicine">Hijamat (wet-cupping) therapy in Persian medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hijamat (Wet Cupping) has long been used to treat certain diseases in many parts of the world. Despite the widespread use of this therapeutic procedure worldwide, peoples of different nationalities and ethnicities have applied their own... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37660005" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hijamat (Wet Cupping) has long been used to treat certain diseases in many parts of the world. Despite the widespread use of this therapeutic procedure worldwide, peoples of different nationalities and ethnicities have applied their own specific techniques in the course of this practice. It is important to note that this therapeutic approach may be harmful and have irreversible effects in the event of misuse and improper application. In this book, recommendations and practical tips of Hijamat are provided according to Persian Medicine in order to obtain better results and reduce complications. Hijamat and its medical applications are presented in this book through a scientific and rational approach and without any prejudice.<br />This is the first book to be researched and written in English by specialists of the field (traditional medicine graduates) in recent years after the revival of traditional medicine within the Iranian-based academic spheres. Although writing in an international language is not easy to transfer all concepts accurately, it can nonetheless bring views and brains closer both theoretically and empirically.<br />We, authors of this book, are always looking forward to your constructive and scientific criticism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37660005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37660005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37660005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37660005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37660005", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37660005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37660005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37660005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37660005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine">Integrative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4079" type="text/json">{"id":4079,"name":"Integrative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14536" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14536" type="text/json">{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66473" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_manuscripts">Persian manuscripts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66473" type="text/json">{"id":66473,"name":"Persian manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_manuscripts?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37660005]'), work: {"id":37660005,"title":"Hijamat (wet-cupping) therapy in Persian medicine","created_at":"2018-10-27T13:07:53.625-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37660005/Hijamat_wet_cupping_therapy_in_Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254","dom_id":"work_37660005","summary":"Hijamat (Wet Cupping) has long been used to treat certain diseases in many parts of the world. Despite the widespread use of this therapeutic procedure worldwide, peoples of different nationalities and ethnicities have applied their own specific techniques in the course of this practice. It is important to note that this therapeutic approach may be harmful and have irreversible effects in the event of misuse and improper application. In this book, recommendations and practical tips of Hijamat are provided according to Persian Medicine in order to obtain better results and reduce complications. Hijamat and its medical applications are presented in this book through a scientific and rational approach and without any prejudice.\nThis is the first book to be researched and written in English by specialists of the field (traditional medicine graduates) in recent years after the revival of traditional medicine within the Iranian-based academic spheres. Although writing in an international language is not easy to transfer all concepts accurately, it can nonetheless bring views and brains closer both theoretically and empirically.\nWe, authors of this book, are always looking forward to your constructive and scientific criticism. \n","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4079,"name":"Integrative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":14536,"name":"Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":66473,"name":"Persian manuscripts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_manuscripts?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":143416,"name":"Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":156031,"name":"Chinese Cupping Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Cupping_Therapy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":212947,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Health Service","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine_in_the_Health_Service?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":456039,"name":"Phlebotomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phlebotomy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":482873,"name":"Wet Cupping Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wet_Cupping_Therapy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":651961,"name":"Cupping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cupping?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1124748,"name":"Hijama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hijama?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1150047,"name":"Hijama Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hijama_Therapy?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1189254,"name":"Persian medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_medicine?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1420459,"name":"Comlementary Therapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comlementary_Therapies?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":1841550,"name":"Hijamah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hijamah?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":2720566,"name":"‘cupping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_cupping?f_ri=1189254"},{"id":3012337,"name":"Blood letting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_letting?f_ri=1189254"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37659616" data-work_id="37659616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37659616/Are_Traditional_Medicine_and_Phytotherapy_the_Same_pdf">Are Traditional Medicine and Phytotherapy the Same.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Persian medicine is a school of traditional medicine, which is based on four elements (fire, air, water, soil/earth) and their attributed qualities (warmness, wetness, coldness, dryness) that make everything have a special temperament... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37659616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Persian medicine is a school of traditional medicine, which is<br />based on four elements (fire, air, water, soil/earth) and their attributed qualities (warmness, wetness, coldness, dryness) that make<br />everything have a special temperament (hot and wet, hot and dry,<br />cold and wet, and cold and dry). In fact, the temperament (Mizaj<br />in Arabic) is a uniform quality that results from the ultimate interaction between different amounts of the four elements. Humor is<br />the final product of digestion that occurs in the body of any living<br />organism, whether a plant, an animal, or a human. We have four humors called sanguine (Dam in Arabic), phlegm (Balgham in Arabic),<br />yellow bile (Safra in Arabic), and black bile (Soda in Arabic). The<br />sanguine humor is associated with the hot and wet temperament;<br />the phlegm humor is related to the cold and wet temperament; the<br />yellow bile humor is connected with the hot and dry temperament;<br />and the black bile humor denotes the cold and dry temperament.<br />Consequently, each of these humors is attributed to an element<br />(Figure 1). This holistic medicine is also known as "humoral medicine"....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37659616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="569fe528632dd63436bea2f4d9581034" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57647331,"asset_id":37659616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57647331/download_file?st=MTczMjM3NTI2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="96080921" href="https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods">roshanak ghods</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="96080921" type="text/json">{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37659616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37659616"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37659616, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37659616", }); 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In fact, the temperament (Mizaj\nin Arabic) is a uniform quality that results from the ultimate interaction between different amounts of the four elements. Humor is\nthe final product of digestion that occurs in the body of any living\norganism, whether a plant, an animal, or a human. We have four humors called sanguine (Dam in Arabic), phlegm (Balgham in Arabic),\nyellow bile (Safra in Arabic), and black bile (Soda in Arabic). The\nsanguine humor is associated with the hot and wet temperament;\nthe phlegm humor is related to the cold and wet temperament; the\nyellow bile humor is connected with the hot and dry temperament;\nand the black bile humor denotes the cold and dry temperament.\nConsequently, each of these humors is attributed to an element\n(Figure 1). This holistic medicine is also known as \"humoral medicine\"....","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57647331,"asset_id":37659616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":96080921,"first_name":"roshanak","last_name":"ghods","domain_name":"iums","page_name":"roshanakghods","display_name":"roshanak ghods","profile_url":"https://iums.academia.edu/roshanakghods?f_ri=1189254","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/96080921/20988386/20492055/s65_roshanak.ghods.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=1189254","nofollow":false},{"id":12571,"name":"Clinical 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