CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-CA"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>arXiv blog – Page 21 – News from arXiv.org</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="arXiv blog » Feed" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="arXiv blog » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blogs.cornell.edu\/arxiv\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.5"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='admin-bar-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/css/admin-bar.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='admin-bar-inline-css' type='text/css'> @media screen { html { margin-top: 32px !important; } } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 46px !important; } } @media print { #wpadminbar { display:none; } } </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: white;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--color-bg-alt: #f9f7f7;--wp--preset--color--color-boxes: #f9f7f7;--wp--preset--color--color-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 48px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cpschool-styles-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/themes/cpschool/css/theme.min.css?ver=0.9.10.1710846475' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='aos-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/themes/cpschool/css/aos.css?ver=0.9.10.1582726456' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="arXiv blog 6.5.5 - https://blog.arxiv.org" /> <style> @media screen and (max-width: 782px) { #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-log-in, #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-register { display: block; } #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-log-in a, #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-register a { padding: 0 8px; } } </style> <style id="simpler-css-style" type="text/css"> h1 { line-height: 1.8; } h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-weight: 600; } p, article li { margin-left: 15px; font-size: 1em; } h3.widget-title { font-size: 1.4em; } .widget li { display: flex; } .widget li span.post-date { float: none; flex-shrink: 0; } .widget li a { flex-grow: 1; font-size: 1em; }</style> <script type="text/javascript"> var jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = false; window.onerror = function( msg, url, line, col, error ) { // Break out early, do not processing if a downgrade reqeust was already sent. if ( jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade ) { return true; } var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); var nonce = '4f098c7515'; var jQueryFunctions = [ 'andSelf', 'browser', 'live', 'boxModel', 'support.boxModel', 'size', 'swap', 'clean', 'sub', ]; var match_pattern = /\)\.(.+?) is not a function/; var erroredFunction = msg.match( match_pattern ); // If there was no matching functions, do not try to downgrade. if ( null === erroredFunction || typeof erroredFunction !== 'object' || typeof erroredFunction[1] === "undefined" || -1 === jQueryFunctions.indexOf( erroredFunction[1] ) ) { return true; } // Set that we've now attempted a downgrade request. jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = true; xhr.open( 'POST', 'https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php' ); xhr.setRequestHeader( 'Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); xhr.onload = function () { var response, reload = false; if ( 200 === xhr.status ) { try { response = JSON.parse( xhr.response ); reload = response.data.reload; } catch ( e ) { reload = false; } } // Automatically reload the page if a deprecation caused an automatic downgrade, ensure visitors get the best possible experience. if ( reload ) { location.reload(); } }; xhr.send( encodeURI( 'action=jquery-migrate-downgrade-version&_wpnonce=' + nonce ) ); // Suppress error alerts in older browsers return true; } </script> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="arXiv blog - News from arXiv.org">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PVFQG5SSG0&l=beehiveDataLayer"></script> <script> window.beehiveDataLayer = window.beehiveDataLayer || []; function gaplusu() {beehiveDataLayer.push(arguments);} gaplusu('js', new Date()) gaplusu('config', 'G-PVFQG5SSG0', { 'anonymize_ip': false, 'allow_google_signals': false, }) </script> <style type="text/css"> /* <![CDATA[ */ img.latex { vertical-align: middle; border: none; } /* ]]> */ </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2023/03/favicon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2023/03/favicon.png" /> <style type="text/css">#wp-admin-bar-abm-login{display:block!important}body .wp-video-shortcode video,body video.wp-video-shortcode{margin:0;padding:0;background:0 0;border:none;box-shadow:none;min-width:0;height:auto;min-height:0}.screen-reader-text:not(button){clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);position:absolute!important;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden}</style><style id="kirki-inline-styles">.container{max-width:1140px;}:root{--site-width:1140px;--content-width:1140px;--body-font-size:100;--roundness:3px;--shadows:4px;--color-bg:#ffffff;--color-bg-alt:#f9f7f7;--color-bg-contrast:#000000;--color-bg-accent:#1f5e96;--color-bg-accent-a:rgba(31,94,150,0.5);--color-bg-accent-contrast:#ffffff;--color-bg-accent-hl:#0d63a9;--color-bg-accent-hl-a:rgba(13,99,169,0.5);--color-bg-accent-hl-contrast:#ffffff;--color-bg-alt-contrast:#000000;--color-bg-alt-accent:#645e53;--color-bg-alt-accent-a:rgba(100,94,83,0.5);--color-bg-alt-accent-contrast:#ffffff;--color-bg-alt-accent-hl:#0c60a6;--color-bg-alt-accent-hl-a:rgba(12,96,166,0.5);--color-bg-alt-accent-hl-contrast:#ffffff;--color-boxes:#f9f7f7;--color-boxes-contrast:#000000;--color-boxes-accent:#1f5e96;--color-boxes-accent-a:rgba(31,94,150,0.5);--color-boxes-accent-contrast:#ffffff;--color-boxes-accent-hl:#0c60a6;--color-boxes-accent-hl-a:rgba(12,96,166,0.5);--color-boxes-accent-hl-contrast:#ffffff;--header-main-height:110.688px;--header-main-logo-image-width:138px;--header-main-gap-height:0px;--header-main-padding-v:40;--header-main-font-size:100;--header-secondary-font-size:100;--header-secondary-padding-v:0;--hero-main-img-opacity:0.1;--hero-main-header-main-opacity:1;--headers-font-size:86;}body{font-family:public_sans;}#navbar-main .nav{font-family:inherit;}.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:inherit;}</style></head> <body class="home blog paged admin-bar no-customize-support wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive paged-21 animations-enabled h-style-separator h-style-separator-bottom h-style-separator-hl sidebars-check-sticky group-blog has-sidebar hfeed entries-list"> <div id="wpadminbar" class="nojq nojs"> <div class="quicklinks" id="wp-toolbar" role="navigation" aria-label="Toolbar"> <ul role='menu' id='wp-admin-bar-top-secondary' class="ab-top-secondary ab-top-menu"><li id='wp-admin-bar-search' class="admin-bar-search"><div class="ab-item ab-empty-item" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem"><form action="https://blog.arxiv.org/" method="get" id="adminbarsearch"><input class="adminbar-input" name="s" id="adminbar-search" type="text" value="" maxlength="150" /><label for="adminbar-search" class="screen-reader-text">Search</label><input type="submit" class="adminbar-button" value="Search" /></form></div></li><li id='wp-admin-bar-log-in'><a class='ab-item' role="menuitem" href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/wp-login.php'>Log In</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="site" id="page"> <a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <div id="wrapper-navbar-main-top" ></div> <div id="wrapper-navbar-main" class="wrapper-navbar" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebSite"> <nav id="navbar-main" class="navbar navbar-expand-md nav-styling-underline has-background has-header-main-bg-color-background-color" aria-label="main"> <div class="navbar-container container">  <div class="navbar-brand-holder"> <a class="navbar-brand logo-font custom-bg-disabled" rel="home" href="https://arxiv.org" title="arXiv blog" itemprop="url"> <img width="1030" height="464" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2021/02/arxiv-logo-1.png" class="img-fluid" alt="arXiv's logo" title="arxiv-logo" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2021/02/arxiv-logo-1.png 1030w, https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2021/02/arxiv-logo-1-300x135.png 300w, https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2021/02/arxiv-logo-1-1024x461.png 1024w, https://blog.arxiv.org/files/2021/02/arxiv-logo-1-768x346.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px" /> </a> </div>  <div class="navbar-navs-container"> <div id="navbar-main-nav-desktop" class="navbar-nav-container"><ul id="menu-main-desktop" class="nav navbar-nav"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-menu-main-desktop-9" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="Blog Home" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/"><span class="menu-item-text">Blog Home</span></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-menu-main-desktop-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="arXiv Home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://arxiv.org/"><span class="menu-item-text">arXiv Home</span></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-menu-main-desktop-11" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="About" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://info.arxiv.org/"><span class="menu-item-text">About</span></a></li> </ul></div> <div id="navbar-main-nav-buttons"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-button-nav-right"> <li id="navbar-main-btn-search" > <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary nav-link has-styling" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-search"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-search"></i> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-none">Search</span> <span class="sr-only">Toggle search interface</span> </button> </li> <li id="navbar-main-btn-slide-in-menu" class="btn-modal-slide-in-menu-holder has-mobile"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary nav-link has-styling" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-slide-in-menu"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-menu"></i> <span aria-hidden="true" class="d-none">Menu</span> <span class="sr-only">Toggle extended navigation</span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="main-wrapper wrapper" id="index-wrapper"> <div class="container" id="content"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-8 col-xl-9 content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <div class="entries-row row image-on-top"> <div class="entry-col col-12"> <article class="post-43 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-arxiv-updates" id="post-43"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/annual-update/" rel="bookmark">Annual update</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="post-date list-inline-item"> <span class="sr-only">Publication date</span> <span class="meta-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="cps-icon cps-icon-calendar"></i> </span> <span class="meta-text"> September 12, 2017 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We have posted an update with a brief summary of our 2016 activities and plans for 2017: https://confluence.cornell.edu/x/LMlRF arXiv Team: Oya Y. Rieger (Program Director), Jim Entwood (Operations Manager), Chloe McLaren (Membership Program Coordinator), Sandy Payette (CTO), Gail Steinhart (Program Associate) Originally published 13 Jan 2017….<span class="cpschool-read-more-link-holder"><a class="btn btn-secondary cpschool-read-more-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/annual-update/">Continue Reading <span class="sr-only">Annual update</span></a></span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="entry-col col-12"> <article class="post-41 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-arxiv-updates" id="post-41"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/2017-roadmap-ready/" rel="bookmark">2017 roadmap ready</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="post-date list-inline-item"> <span class="sr-only">Publication date</span> <span class="meta-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="cps-icon cps-icon-calendar"></i> </span> <span class="meta-text"> September 12, 2017 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The 2017 roadmap is now available: 2017 arXiv Roadmap The arXiv roadmap is a living document and communication tool to accommodate continuous prioritization throughout the year.聽Items are listed in approximate priority order,聽subject to change based upon consideration of input from arXiv stakeholders, consideration of new opportunities and initiatives as they arise, and progress on next…<span class="cpschool-read-more-link-holder"><a class="btn btn-secondary cpschool-read-more-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/2017-roadmap-ready/">Continue Reading <span class="sr-only">2017 roadmap ready</span></a></span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="entry-col col-12"> <article class="post-20 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-arxiv-support category-arxiv-updates" id="post-20"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/20/" rel="bookmark">2017 budget now available</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="post-date list-inline-item"> <span class="sr-only">Publication date</span> <span class="meta-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="cps-icon cps-icon-calendar"></i> </span> <span class="meta-text"> September 12, 2017 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The projected 2017 arXiv budget is now available on the聽budgets page. Please note, the reserve balances reflect the 2016 starting balances. These will be revised to accurate 2017 starting balances when the 2016 budget is closed (in Jan-Feb, 2017). Originally published 16 Dec 2016….<span class="cpschool-read-more-link-holder"><a class="btn btn-secondary cpschool-read-more-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/20/">Continue Reading <span class="sr-only">2017 budget now available</span></a></span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="entry-col col-12"> <article class="post-16 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-arxiv-support category-arxiv-updates" id="post-16"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/alfred-p-sloan-foundation-awards-grant-for-arxiv-upgrade/" rel="bookmark">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation awards grant for arXiv upgrade</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="post-date list-inline-item"> <span class="sr-only">Publication date</span> <span class="meta-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="cps-icon cps-icon-calendar"></i> </span> <span class="meta-text"> September 12, 2017 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We’re pleased to announced聽the first phrase of a three-year overhaul and modernization, with the help of a $445,000 grant by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Read the聽full press release. Originally published 12 Dec 2016….<span class="cpschool-read-more-link-holder"><a class="btn btn-secondary cpschool-read-more-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/alfred-p-sloan-foundation-awards-grant-for-arxiv-upgrade/">Continue Reading <span class="sr-only">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation awards grant for arXiv upgrade</span></a></span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="entry-col col-12"> <article class="post-14 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-arxiv-development category-arxiv-support category-arxiv-updates" id="post-14"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/arxiv-and-allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-ai2-collaborate-on-semantic-scholar-pilot-for-computer-science-papers/" rel="bookmark">arXiv and Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2) collaborate on Semantic Scholar pilot for Computer Science papers</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="post-date list-inline-item"> <span class="sr-only">Publication date</span> <span class="meta-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="cps-icon cps-icon-calendar"></i> </span> <span class="meta-text"> September 12, 2017 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Semantic Scholar Pilot for Computer Science Papers:聽arXiv is collaborating on a聽12-month pilot project聽with the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2), making the AI-based聽semanticscholar.org聽search engine available to the arXiv community. Originally published 12 Dec 2016….<span class="cpschool-read-more-link-holder"><a class="btn btn-secondary cpschool-read-more-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2017/09/12/arxiv-and-allen-institute-for-artificial-intelligence-ai2-collaborate-on-semantic-scholar-pilot-for-computer-science-papers/">Continue Reading <span class="sr-only">arXiv and Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2) collaborate on Semantic Scholar pilot for Computer Science papers</span></a></span></p> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main>  <nav aria-label="Posts pagination"> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"> <a class="prev page-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/page/20/"><span class="sr-only">Previous page</span><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/"><span class="sr-only">Page</span>1</a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <span class="page-link dots">…</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/page/19/"><span class="sr-only">Page</span>19</a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="https://blog.arxiv.org/page/20/"><span class="sr-only">Page</span>20</a> </li> <li class="page-item active"> <span aria-current="page" class="page-link current"><span class="sr-only">Page</span>21</span> </li> </ul> </nav>  </div> <aside class="col-md-4 col-xl-3 widget-area sidebar-widget-area sidebar-widget-area-boxed" id="right-sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-widget-area-content"> <div id="search-3" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.arxiv.org/" role="search"> <label class="sr-only" for="searchform-s">Search</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="field form-control" id="searchform-s" name="s" type="text" placeholder="Search..." value=""> <span class="input-group-append"> <button class="submit btn btn-primary" id="searchform-submit" type="submit"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-search"></i> <span class="sr-only">Search Site</span> </button> </span> </div> </form> </div><div id="categories-5" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title h h3">Categories</h2><form action="https://blog.arxiv.org" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="600913">about arXiv</option> <option class="level-0" value="600934">arXiv accessibility</option> <option class="level-0" value="600909">arXiv development</option> <option class="level-0" value="600927">arXiv events</option> <option class="level-0" value="600929">arXiv fundraising</option> <option class="level-0" value="600910">arXiv jobs</option> <option class="level-0" value="600930">arXiv membership</option> <option class="level-0" value="600905">arXiv people</option> <option class="level-0" value="600914">arXiv repository news</option> <option class="level-0" value="600907">arXiv support</option> <option class="level-0" value="600917">arXiv updates</option> <option class="level-0" value="600918">arXiv UX</option> <option class="level-0" value="600906">arXiv-NG</option> <option class="level-0" value="600928">arXivLabs</option> <option class="level-0" value="600931">Governance</option> <option class="level-0" value="600915">Member Advisory Board</option> <option class="level-0" value="97520">moderation</option> <option class="level-0" value="600911">preprints</option> <option class="level-0" value="600916">Scientific Advisory Board</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> <div id="recent-posts-7" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widget-title h h3">Recent</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/11/21/attention-authors-temporary-changes-to-announcement-schedule-due-to-end-of-year-holidays/">Attention Authors: Temporary changes to announcement schedule due to end-of-year holidays</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/11/04/arxiv-sets-new-record-for-monthly-submissions-again/">arXiv sets new record for monthly submissions (again)!</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/10/22/celebrate-open-access-week-with-arxiv/">Celebrate Open Access Week with arXiv!</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/10/04/attention-authors-temporary-changes-to-announcement-schedule-due-to-staff-development/">Attention Authors: Temporary changes to announcement schedule due to staff development</a> </li> </ul> </div><div id="search-3" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.arxiv.org/" role="search"> <label class="sr-only" for="searchform-s">Search</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="field form-control" id="searchform-s" name="s" type="text" placeholder="Search..." value=""> <span class="input-group-append"> <button class="submit btn btn-primary" id="searchform-submit" type="submit"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-search"></i> <span class="sr-only">Search Site</span> </button> </span> </div> </form> </div><div id="meta-2" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widget-title h h3">Subscribe</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/feed/" title="Syndicate this site using RSS 2.0">Entries <abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/comments/feed/" title="The latest comments to all posts in RSS">Comments <abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="http://blogs.cornell.edu/" title="Powered by CU Blog Service">CU Blog Service</a></li> </ul> </div><div id="categories-5" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title h h3">Categories</h2><form action="https://blog.arxiv.org" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="categories-dropdown-5">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='categories-dropdown-5' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="600913">about arXiv</option> <option class="level-0" value="600934">arXiv accessibility</option> <option class="level-0" value="600909">arXiv development</option> <option class="level-0" value="600927">arXiv events</option> <option class="level-0" value="600929">arXiv fundraising</option> <option class="level-0" value="600910">arXiv jobs</option> <option class="level-0" value="600930">arXiv membership</option> <option class="level-0" value="600905">arXiv people</option> <option class="level-0" value="600914">arXiv repository news</option> <option class="level-0" value="600907">arXiv support</option> <option class="level-0" value="600917">arXiv updates</option> <option class="level-0" value="600918">arXiv UX</option> <option class="level-0" value="600906">arXiv-NG</option> <option class="level-0" value="600928">arXivLabs</option> <option class="level-0" value="600931">Governance</option> <option class="level-0" value="600915">Member Advisory Board</option> <option class="level-0" value="97520">moderation</option> <option class="level-0" value="600911">preprints</option> <option class="level-0" value="600916">Scientific Advisory Board</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "categories-dropdown-5" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </div><div id="search-4" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.arxiv.org/" role="search"> <label class="sr-only" for="searchform-s">Search</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="field form-control" id="searchform-s" name="s" type="text" placeholder="Search..." value=""> <span class="input-group-append"> <button class="submit btn btn-primary" id="searchform-submit" type="submit"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-search"></i> <span class="sr-only">Search Site</span> </button> </span> </div> </form> </div><div id="categories-3" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title h h3">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600913"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/about-arxiv/">about arXiv</a> (50) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600934"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-accessibility/">arXiv accessibility</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600909"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-development/">arXiv development</a> (35) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600927"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-events/">arXiv events</a> (14) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600929"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-fundraising/">arXiv fundraising</a> (16) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600910"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-jobs/">arXiv jobs</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600930"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-membership/">arXiv membership</a> (6) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600905"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-people/">arXiv people</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600914"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-repository-news/">arXiv repository news</a> (15) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600907"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-support/">arXiv support</a> (17) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600917"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-updates/">arXiv updates</a> (72) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600918"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/tag/arxiv-ux/">arXiv UX</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600906"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxiv-ng/">arXiv-NG</a> (24) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600928"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/arxivlabs/">arXivLabs</a> (15) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600931"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/governance/">Governance</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600915"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/member-advisory-board/">Member Advisory Board</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-97520"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/moderation/">moderation</a> (8) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600911"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/preprints/">preprints</a> (7) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-600916"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/scientific-advisory-board/">Scientific Advisory Board</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (4) </li> </ul> </div> <div id="recent-posts-3" class="sidebar-widget widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widget-title h h3">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/11/21/attention-authors-temporary-changes-to-announcement-schedule-due-to-end-of-year-holidays/">Attention Authors: Temporary changes to announcement schedule due to end-of-year holidays</a> <span class="post-date">November 21, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/11/04/arxiv-sets-new-record-for-monthly-submissions-again/">arXiv sets new record for monthly submissions (again)!</a> <span class="post-date">November 4, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/10/22/celebrate-open-access-week-with-arxiv/">Celebrate Open Access Week with arXiv!</a> <span class="post-date">October 22, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/10/04/attention-authors-temporary-changes-to-announcement-schedule-due-to-staff-development/">Attention Authors: Temporary changes to announcement schedule due to staff development</a> <span class="post-date">October 4, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/09/29/arxiv-has-been-set-to-read-only-while-we-investigate-a-db-replication-issue/">arXiv database issues have been resolved.</a> <span class="post-date">September 29, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/09/13/attention-arxiv-users-arxiv-mirrors-to-shut-down-september-15th-2024/">Attention arXiv users: arXiv mirrors to shut down September 15th, 2024</a> <span class="post-date">September 13, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/08/29/attention-authors-temporary-changes-to-announcement-schedule-due-to-labor-day-holiday/">Attention Authors: Temporary changes to announcement schedule due to Labor Day holiday</a> <span class="post-date">August 29, 2024</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.arxiv.org/2024/08/09/arxiv-accessibility-2024/">The arXiv Accessibility Forum is back for another year – spread the word!</a> <span class="post-date">August 9, 2024</span> </li> </ul> </div><div id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text sidebar-widget widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title h h3">More arXiv…</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://arxiv.org/">arXiv.org</a> || <a href="https://twitter.com/arxiv">@arXiv</a> || <a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/feed">Blog RSS</a></div></div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="wrapper has-background has-footer-main-bg-color-background-color" id="wrapper-footer"> <div id="footer-content"> <div class="container" id="footer-site-info"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="site-footer" id="colophon"> <div class="site-info"> All content 漏 arXiv.org. Learn more <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/index.html" target="_blank">about arXiv</a>, or visit our <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/index.html" target="_blank">help pages</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-image-holder"> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="modal-slide-in-menu" class="modal fade modal-slide-in-right modal-full-height nav-styling-underline" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-label="slide-in menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content has-background has-header-main-bg-color-background-color"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-close"></i> <span class="sr-only">close menu</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <nav class="menu-mobile" aria-label="Mobile" role="navigation"> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-mobile" class="nav flex-column"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="Blog Home" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/arxiv/"><span class="menu-item-text">Blog Home</span></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="arXiv Home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://arxiv.org/"><span class="menu-item-text">arXiv Home</span></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11 nav-item"><a class="nav-link" title="About" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://info.arxiv.org/"><span class="menu-item-text">About</span></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="modal-search" class="modal fade modal-slide-in-top modal-close-inline modal-site-width modal-padding-lg" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-label="search" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog site-width-max" role="document"> <div class="modal-content has-background has-header-main-bg-color-background-color"> <div class="modal-header pb-0"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-close"></i> <span class="sr-only">close search</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.arxiv.org/" role="search"> <label class="sr-only" for="searchform-s">Search</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="field form-control form-control-lg" id="searchform-s" name="s" type="text" placeholder="Search..." value=""> <span class="input-group-append"> <button class="submit btn btn-primary btn-lg" id="searchform-submit" type="submit"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="cps-icon cps-icon-search"></i> <span class="sr-only">Search Site</span> </button> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="sbe-follow-dialog-label" aria-describedby="sbe-follow-dialog-desc" id="sbe-follow" style="bottom:-1500px" class=""> <a aria-hidden="true" class="sbe-follow-link" href="#sbe-follow-wrap"><span>Subscribe</span></a> <div id="sbe-follow-wrap"> <button type="button" class="sbe-screen-reader-text sbe-follow-dialog-close-sr">Close</button> <h2 id="sbe-follow-dialog-label">Subscribe By Email</h2> <form action="" method="post" id="subscribe-by-email-button-form"> <p id="sbe-follow-dialog-desc">Get every new post delivered right to your inbox.</p> <p> <label class="sbe-screen-reader-text" for="sbe-follow-email">Your Email</label> <input type="email" name="email" id="sbe-follow-email" class="sbe-follow-email" placeholder="Your email" required/> <label aria-hidden="true" class="sbe-screen-reader-text" for="security-check">Leave this field blank</label> <input aria-hidden="true" type="text" class="screen-reader-text sbe-screen-reader-text" name="security-check" id="security-check" /> </p> <div class="sbe-recaptcha-holder"> <input name="g-recaptcha-response" type="hidden" class="g-recaptcha-response"> <p class="sbe-recaptcha-privacy"><small>This form is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms" rel="nofollow">Terms of Service</a> apply.</small></p> </div> <input type="hidden" name="sbe-blog-id" value="7752" /> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="sbe-subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="ed175e646c" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/page/21/" /> <p><input type="submit" value="Subscribe me!" /></p> </form> </div> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='follow-button-styles-css' href='https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-by-email/subscribe-by-email/assets//css/follow-button.css?ver=3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/js/hoverintent-js.min.js?ver=2.2.1" id="hoverintent-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-includes/js/admin-bar.min.js?ver=6.5.5" id="admin-bar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="blog_templates_front-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var blog_templates_params = {"type":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/plugins/blogtemplates//blogtemplatesfiles/assets/js/front.js?ver=2.6.8.2" id="blog_templates_front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/themes/cpschool/js/aos.js?ver=0.9.10.1582726456" id="aos-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cpschool-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var cpSchoolData = {"parallaxHeader":"","animations":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/themes/cpschool/js/theme.min.js?ver=0.9.10.1710227593" id="cpschool-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LcAfaYUAAAAAAuAEkXUQOoRK5PTc_fhc8uKrSy5&ver=6.5.5" id="google-recaptcha-cp-v3-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="follow-button-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sbe_button = {"recaptcha_v3_site_key":"6LcAfaYUAAAAAAuAEkXUQOoRK5PTc_fhc8uKrSy5"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blog.arxiv.org/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-by-email/subscribe-by-email/assets//js/follow-button.js?ver=4" id="follow-button-scripts-js"></script> </body> </html>