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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Fisika" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Fisika" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Fisika" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Fisika" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomi_kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomi_kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Astronomi kuno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomi_kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filsafat_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filsafat_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Filsafat alam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filsafat_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_dalam_Islam_Abad_Pertengahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_dalam_Islam_Abad_Pertengahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_dalam_Islam_Abad_Pertengahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fisika klasik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fisika modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penelitian_saat_ini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penelitian_saat_ini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penelitian saat ini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penelitian_saat_ini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teori_inti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teori_inti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Teori inti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teori_inti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Teori inti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teori_inti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisika_klasik_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_klasik_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fisika klasik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_klasik_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_modern_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_modern_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fisika modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_modern_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perbedaan_antara_fisika_modern_dan_fisika_klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perbedaan_antara_fisika_modern_dan_fisika_klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Perbedaan antara fisika modern dan fisika klasik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perbedaan_antara_fisika_modern_dan_fisika_klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sekilas_tentang_riset_Fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekilas_tentang_riset_Fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sekilas tentang riset Fisika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sekilas_tentang_riset_Fisika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sekilas tentang riset Fisika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sekilas_tentang_riset_Fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisika_teoretis_dan_eksperimental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_teoretis_dan_eksperimental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fisika teoretis dan eksperimental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_teoretis_dan_eksperimental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teori_fisika_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teori_fisika_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Teori fisika utama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teori_fisika_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang_utama_dalam_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang_utama_dalam_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bidang utama dalam fisika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidang_utama_dalam_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisika_partikel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_partikel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Fisika partikel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_partikel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisika_zat_terkondensasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika_zat_terkondensasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Fisika zat terkondensasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika_zat_terkondensasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrofisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrofisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Astrofisika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrofisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fisika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 245 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-245" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">245 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%88%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AE_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव-विज्ञान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जीव-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="فيزياء – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܦܝܣܝܟ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܝܣܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيزيك – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيزيا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altelopa" title="Altelopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Altelopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C4%97ka" title="Fizėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fizėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_tab%C3%A8at" title="Èlmu tabèat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu tabèat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Физикэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Физикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB" title="Ŭk-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg" title="Ffiseg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ckat%C9%94%C9%94r" title="Piööckatɔɔr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckatɔɔr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijik" title="Pijik – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pijik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φυσική – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEsica" title="Fîsica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fîsica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiikka" title="Fysiikka – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Füüsiga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Füüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alisfrøði – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alisfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique" title="Physique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesica" title="Fesica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCsiik" title="Füsiik – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Füsiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiche" title="Fisiche – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fisiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuerkunde" title="Natuerkunde – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Natuerkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic" title="Fisic – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiosaig" title="Fiosaig – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiosaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27erekokuaa" title="Mba'erekokuaa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'erekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%BCjia" title="Atüjia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Atüjia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishig" title="Fishig – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fishig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laik%C5%ABlohea" title="Kālaikūlohea – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikūlohea" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פיזיקה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhautik_vigyan" title="Bhautik vigyan – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhautik vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ֆիզիկա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80m%E1%BB%A5%CC%80nt%E1%BB%A5d%E1%BB%8B" title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Eðlisfræði – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AB%E1%91%A6%E1%93%B1%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85/umatsuliriniq" title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizix" title="Fizix – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/termu%27eske" title="termu'eske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="termu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasengama" title="Tasengama – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasengama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumaatsulerineq" title="Uumaatsulerineq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumaatsulerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="រូបវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="ترٛایُت – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛایُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEk" title="Fizîk – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysegieth" title="Fysegieth – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fysegieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuzimbe" title="Ebyobuzimbe – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuzimbe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixica" title="Fixica – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADz%C3%ADk%C3%AD" title="Fízíkí – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Fízíkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ຟີຊິກສ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຟີຊິກສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Физикась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Физикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Физике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Физике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिकशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%BCika" title="Fiżika – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fiżika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADseca" title="Físeca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Físeca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netuurkunde" title="Netuurkunde – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Netuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C5%B7sique" title="Phŷsique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Phŷsique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiiziksii" title="Fiiziksii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiiziksii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Физикæ – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Физикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsika" title="Físika – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Físika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachaykamay" title="Pachaykamay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C3%A2" title="Fizicâ – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fizicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भौतिकशास्त्रम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitural_philosophy" title="Naitural philosophy – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitural philosophy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبيعيات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طبيعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasngama" title="Tasngama – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasngama" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="طبیعیات (فزکس) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طبیعیات (فزکس)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundoyetsimba" title="Fundoyetsimba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Fundoyetsimba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiisigis" title="Fiisigis – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiisigis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_natru" title="Sabi fu natru – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu natru" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiksi" title="Fisiksi – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fisiksi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikia" title="Fizikia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fizikia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟิสิกส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፊዚክስ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፊዚክስ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C9%99" title="Fizikə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fizikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="فىزىكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فىزىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізика – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبیعیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizega" title="Fizega – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fizega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vật lý học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCs%C3%BCd" title="Füsüd – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Füsüd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizike" title="Fizike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fizike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ABmm" title="Jëmm – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jëmm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifiziki" title="Ifiziki – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifiziki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פיזיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADs%C3%ADks%C3%AC" title="Físíksì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Físíksì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuzlij" title="Vuzlij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vuzlij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazandalo" title="Umchazandalo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazandalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Fisika" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fisika"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fisika"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Fisika" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Fisika" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&oldid=26821546" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Fisika&id=26821546&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFisika"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFisika"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fisika"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fisika&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Physics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CollageFisica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/350px-CollageFisica.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/525px-CollageFisica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/700px-CollageFisica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Berbagai contoh gejala fisika. Dari atas searah jarum jam: 1) <a href="/wiki/Pelangi" title="Pelangi">Pelangi</a>, gejala yang dikaji dalam <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a>, 2) <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a> 3) <a href="/wiki/Balon_udara_panas" title="Balon udara panas">Balon udara panas</a>, gejala yang dapat dijelaskan dengan <a href="/wiki/Prinsip_Archimedes" title="Prinsip Archimedes">hukum Archimedes</a> 4) <a href="/wiki/Gasing" title="Gasing">Gasing</a>, benda yang perputarannya dikaji dalam <a href="/wiki/Dinamika_(mekanika)" title="Dinamika (mekanika)">dinamika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a>) 5) Efek tumbukan tidak lenting 6) <a href="/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom">Orbital atom</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, dapat dijelaskan dengan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> 7) Ledakan <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">bom atom</a> 8) <a href="/wiki/Petir" title="Petir">Petir</a>, suatu gejala kelistrikan 9) Potret <a href="/wiki/Galaksi" title="Galaksi">galaksi</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Teleskop_Luar_Angkasa_Hubble" title="Teleskop Luar Angkasa Hubble">teleskop luar angkasa Hubble</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fisika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <span lang="nl"><i>fysica</i></span>) atau <b>ilmu tabii</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam">ilmu alam</a> yang mempelajari <a href="/wiki/Materi" title="Materi">materi</a><sup id="cite_ref-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beserta <a href="/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak">gerak</a> dan perilakunya dalam lingkup <a href="/wiki/Ruangwaktu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruangwaktu">ruang dan waktu</a>, bersamaan dengan konsep yang berkaitan seperti <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gaya_(fisika)" title="Gaya (fisika)">gaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maxwell1878-physicalscience_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maxwell1878-physicalscience-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai salah satu ilmu sains paling dasar, tujuan utama fisika adalah memahami bagaimana <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">alam semesta</a> bekerja.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-holzner2003-physics_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holzner2003-physics-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang atau ilmuwan yang ahli dalam bidang fisika disebut sebagai <b>ahli fisika</b> atau <b>fisikawan</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fisika adalah salah satu <a href="/wiki/Disiplin_akademik" class="mw-redirect" title="Disiplin akademik">disiplin akademik</a> paling tua, mungkin yang tertua melalui <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a> yang juga termasuk di dalamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-krupp2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebih dari dua milenia, fisika menjadi bagian dari Ilmu Alam bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>, dan cabang tertentu <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a>, tetapi ketika munculnya <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_ilmiah" title="Revolusi ilmiah">revolusi ilmiah</a> pada abad ke-17, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam">ilmu alam</a> berkembang sebagai program <a href="/wiki/Penelitian" title="Penelitian">penelitian</a> sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisika berkembang dengan banyak spesialisasi bidang ilmu lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">biofisika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">kimia kuantum</a>, dan batasan fisiknya tidak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalah_demarkasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalah demarkasi (halaman belum tersedia)">didefinisikan dengan jelas</a>. Ilmu baru dalam fisika terkadang digunakan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme dasar sains lainnya<sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta membuka jalan area penelitian lainnya seperti matematika dan <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a>. </p><p>Fisika juga menyumbangkan kontribusi yang penting dalam pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a> yang berkembang dari pemikiran teoretis. Contohnya, pemahaman lebih lanjut mengenai <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">fisika nuklir</a> mengarahkan langsung pada pengembangan produk baru yang secara dramatis membentuk masyarakat modern, seperti <a href="/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">televisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peralatan_rumah_tangga" title="Peralatan rumah tangga">peralatan rumah tangga</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kemajuan <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a> mengarah pada pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Industrialisasi" title="Industrialisasi">industrialisasi</a>, dan kemajuan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">mekanika</a> menginspirasi pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_fisika" title="Sejarah fisika">Sejarah fisika</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomi_kuno">Astronomi kuno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Astronomi kuno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Astronomi kuno"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_astronomi" title="Sejarah astronomi">Sejarah astronomi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Senenmut-Grab.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/220px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/330px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/440px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2678" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_Mesir" title="Astronomi Mesir">Astronomi Mesir</a> kuno dibuktikan dalam monumen seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langit_astronomi_Makam_Senemut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langit astronomi Makam Senemut (halaman belum tersedia)">langit-langit</a> Makam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senenmut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senenmut (halaman belum tersedia)">Senenmut</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_kedelapan_belas_Mesir" title="Dinasti kedelapan belas Mesir">Dinasti kedelapan belas Mesir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam">ilmu alam</a> tertua. Peradaban tertua yang tercatat sekitar tahun 3000 SM, seperti contohnya bangsa <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" title="Mesir Kuno">Mesir Kuno</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Lembah_Indus" title="Peradaban Lembah Indus">Peradaban Lembah Indus</a>. Semuanya memiliki pengetahuan prediktif dan pemahaman dasar mengenai pergerakan <a href="/wiki/Bulan" title="Bulan">bulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">matahari</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang">bintang</a>. Bintang dan planet terkadang digunakan sebagai target penyembahan, mereka percaya bahwa itulah Tuhan mereka. Meskipun penjelasan mengenai fenomena ini sering kali tidak ilmiah dan lemahnya bukti yang ada, pengamatan awal ini menjadi dasar bagi ilmu astronomi berikutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-krupp2003_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asger_Aaboe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asger Aaboe (halaman belum tersedia)">Asger Aaboe</a>, awal mula dari astronomi <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">dunia Barat</a> dapat ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, dan semua usaha Barat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_eksak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu eksak (halaman belum tersedia)">ilmu eksak</a> diturunkan dari zaman <a href="/wiki/Astronomi_Babilonia" title="Astronomi Babilonia">Babilonia</a> akhir.<sup id="cite_ref-aaboe1991_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaboe1991-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Astronomi_Mesir" title="Astronomi Mesir">Astronom Mesir</a> meninggalkan monumen yang menunjukkan pengetahuan konstelasi dan pergerakan benda langit,<sup id="cite_ref-clagett1995_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clagett1995-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puisi_Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puisi Yunani Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">penyair Yunani</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" class="mw-disambig" title="Homer">Homer</a> menuliskan berbagai benda langit dalam karyanya <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i>; astronom Yunani berikutnya memberikan nama yang masih digunakan hingga saat ini, untuk sebagian besar konstelasi yang terlihat dari <a href="/wiki/Belahan_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Belahan utara">belahan utara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thurston1994_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thurston1994-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filsafat_alam">Filsafat alam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Filsafat alam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Filsafat alam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Filsafat_alam" title="Filsafat alam">Filsafat alam</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_alam" title="Filsafat alam">Filsafat alam</a> yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Arkais" title="Yunani Arkais">periode Arkais</a>, (650 BCE – 480 BCE), ketika <a href="/wiki/Filsafat_pra-Sokrates" title="Filsafat pra-Sokrates">filsuf pra-Sokrates</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Thales" title="Thales">Thales</a> menolak penjelasan <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_metodologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalisme metodologis">non-naturalistik</a> untuk fenomena alam dan menyatakan bahwa setiap kejadian memiliki penyebab alamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-singer2008p35_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singer2008p35-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka mengusulkan ide yang dibuktikan dengan alasan dan pengamatan, dan banyak dari hipotesis mereka terbukti sukses dalam percobaan;<sup id="cite_ref-lloyd1970pp108-109_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloyd1970pp108-109-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Atomisme" title="Atomisme">atomisme</a> akhirnya dipastikan benar setelah 2000 tahun setelah pertama kali diajukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Leukippos" title="Leukippos">Leukippos</a> dan muridnya <a href="/wiki/Demokritos" title="Demokritos">Demokritos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about-atomism_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-atomism-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_dalam_Islam_Abad_Pertengahan">Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_dalam_Islam_Abad_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika dalam Islam Abad Pertengahan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pinhole-camera.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhole-camera.svg/220px-Pinhole-camera.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhole-camera.svg/330px-Pinhole-camera.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Pinhole-camera.svg/440px-Pinhole-camera.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Prinsip kerja sederhana dari kamera lubang jarum</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Daftar_cendekiawan_Muslim_modern" title="Daftar cendekiawan Muslim modern">Cendekiawan Islam</a> telah menurunkan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_Aristoteles" title="Fisika Aristoteles">fisika Aristotelian</a> dari Yunani dan selama <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kejayaan_Islam" title="Zaman Kejayaan Islam">Zaman Kejayaan Islam</a> makin berkembang, menempatkan pengamatan dan pemikiran <i>a priori</i> sebagai fokusnya, mengembangkan bentuk awal dari <a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">metode ilmiah</a>. </p><p>Penemuan paling penting adalah dalam bidang optik dan penglihatan, dihasilkan dari hasil karya banyak ilmuwan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Sahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Sahl (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibn Sahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Ibn al-Haytham</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kam%C4%81l_al-D%C4%ABn_al-F%C4%81ris%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Farisi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" class="mw-redirect" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>. Hasil karya paling penting adalah <i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_Optik" title="Kitab Optik">The Book of Optics</a></i> (juga dikenal dengan Kitāb al-Manāẓir), ditulis oleh Ibn Al-Haitham, di mana ia tidak hanya orang pertama yang menolak ide Yunani kuno mengenai penglihatan, tetapi juga memberikan teori baru. Di buku ini, ia juga yang pertama kali mempelajari studi <a href="/wiki/Kamera_lubang_jarum" title="Kamera lubang jarum">kamera lubang jarum</a> dan mengembangkannya. Dengan membedah dan menggunakan pengetahuan pemikir sebelumnya, ia dapat mulai menjelaskan bagaimana cahaya masuk ke mata, difokuskan, dan diproyeksikan kembali ke mata, serta membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamera_obskura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamera obskura (halaman belum tersedia)">kamera obskura</a> pertama di dunia ratusan sebelum pengembangan fotografi modern.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Alhazen,_the_Persian.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ibn Al-Haytham (Alhazen) drawing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Alhazen%2C_the_Persian.gif/220px-Alhazen%2C_the_Persian.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Alhazen%2C_the_Persian.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Ibn al-Haytham (965 - 1040), pencetus optik</figcaption></figure> <p>Tujuh volume buku <i>Book of Optics</i> (<i>Kitab al-Manathir</i>) berpengaruh besar dalam pemikiran lintas disiplin dari teori persepsi visual ke alam perspektif pada kesenian abad pertengahan baik di Timur maupun Barat, selama lebih dari 600 tahun. Banyak ilmuwan serta polimath Eropa berikutnya, mulai dari <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, menggunakan pemikirannya. Pengaruh optika Ibn al-Haytham juga masuk dalam salah satu karya Newton berjudul sama, yang baru diterbitkan 700 tahun kemudian. </p><p>Terjemahan <i>The Book of Optics</i> memiliki dampak yang besar pada Eropa. Dimulai dari sana, cendekiawan Eropa dapat membuat peralatan yang sama seperti Ibn al-Haytham, dan memahami bagaimana cahaya bekerja. Dari sini, beberapa penemuan seperti kacamata, kaca pembesar, teleskop, dan kamera berkembang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_klasik">Fisika klasik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/170px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/255px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/340px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sir_Isaac_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Isaac Newton">Sir Isaac Newton</a> (1643–1727) menemukan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton">hukum gerak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_gravitasi_universal_Newton" title="Hukum gravitasi universal Newton">hukum gravitasi universal</a> yang merupakan pencapaian penting dalam fisika klasik.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fisika menjadi ilmu terpisah ketika orang awal Eropa modern menggunakan metode percobaan dan kuantitatif untuk menemukan apa yang disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hukum_fisika" title="Hukum fisika">hukum fisika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-benchaim2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benchaim2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kutipan ini membutuhkan referensi ke halaman/ jangkauan halaman spesifik dimana materinya muncul since November 2016" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">halaman dibutuhkan</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>Pengembangan utama dalam periode ini diantaranya penggantian <a href="/wiki/Model_geosentris" class="mw-redirect" title="Model geosentris">model geosentris</a> <a href="/wiki/Tata_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata surya">tata surya</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Heliosentrisme_Copernican" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosentrisme Copernican">model Copernicus</a> yang heliosentris, <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Kepler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum Kepler">hukum yang mengatur gerak planet</a> yang dikemukakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> antara tahun 1609 dan 1619, percobaan pada <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengamatan_astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengamatan astronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">pengamatan astronomi</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17, serta penemuan <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> mengenai <a href="/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton">hukum gerak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_gravitasi_universal_Newton" title="Hukum gravitasi universal Newton">hukum gravitasi universal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newton juga mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Kalkulus" title="Kalkulus">kalkulus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studi perubahan matematis, yang memberikan metode matematika baru untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah fisika.<sup id="cite_ref-allen1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allen1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penemuan hukum baru dalam <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a> dihasilkan dari usaha penelitian pada <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a> karena dibutuhkan tambahan energi.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolscience-industrialrevolution_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolscience-industrialrevolution-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hukum-hukum fisika klasik ini masih digunakan luas sampai saat ini untuk objek sehari-hari yang melaju dengan kecepatan non-relativistik, karena mereka memberikan perkiraan yang sangat baik pada kondisi tersebut. Teori-teori seperti <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teori_relativistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori relativistik">teori relativistik</a> dapat disederhanakan menjadi ekivalen klasiknya. Namun, ketidak-akuratan mekanika klasik untuk benda sangat kecil dan benda sangat cepat mendorong pengembangan fisika modern pada abad ke-20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_modern">Fisika modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika modern"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_relativitas_khusus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah relativitas khusus (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah relativitas khusus</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_mekanika_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah mekanika kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah mekanika kuantum</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/170px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/255px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg/340px-Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1879–1955) melakukan penelitian pada <a href="/wiki/Efek_fotolistrik" title="Efek fotolistrik">efek fotolistrik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teori_relativitas" title="Teori relativitas">teori relativitas</a> yang merevolusi ilmu fisika pada abad ke-20</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Max_Planck_(Nobel_1918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Max_Planck_%28Nobel_1918%29.jpg/170px-Max_Planck_%28Nobel_1918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Max_Planck_%28Nobel_1918%29.jpg/255px-Max_Planck_%28Nobel_1918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Max_Planck_%28Nobel_1918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1858–1947), pencetus teori <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a> berawal pada awal abad ke-20 ketika <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> melakukan penelitian pada <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">teori kuantum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> melakukan penelitian mengenai <a href="/wiki/Teori_relativitas" title="Teori relativitas">teori relativitas</a>. Kedua teori ini muncul akibat ketidak-akuratan mekanika klasik pada kondisi tertentu. <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a> memprediksi bahwa <a href="/wiki/Laju_cahaya" title="Laju cahaya">laju cahaya</a> beragam, tidak sesuai dengan laju konstan yang diperkirakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Persamaan_Maxwell" title="Persamaan Maxwell">persamaan Maxwell</a> mengenai elektromagnetisme. Kesalahan ini akhirnya dikoreksi oleh Einstein melalui teorinya <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">relativitas khusus</a>, yang kemudian menggantikan mekanika klasik untuk benda bergerak-cepat dan kecepatannya mendekati laju cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-oconnorrobertson1996-relativity_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oconnorrobertson1996-relativity-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_benda-hitam" title="Radiasi benda-hitam">Radiasi benda-hitam</a> juga menjadi masalah bagi fisika klasik, yang kemudian diperbaiki ketika Planck mengusulkan bahwa eksitasi osilator material hanya mungkin dalam langkah diskret (<i>discrete step</i>) sebanding dengan frekuensinya. Teori ini, bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Efek_fotolistrik" title="Efek fotolistrik">efek fotolistrik</a> dan kemudian menjadi teori yang lebih lengkap memprediksi <a href="/wiki/Tingkat_energi" title="Tingkat energi">tingkat energi</a> diskret <a href="/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom">orbital elektron</a>, akhirnya membuat teori mekanika kuantum menggantikan fisika klasik untuk tataran benda sangat kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-oconnorrobertson1996-quantum_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oconnorrobertson1996-quantum-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a> muncul dipelopori oleh <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oconnorrobertson1996-quantum_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oconnorrobertson1996-quantum-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari hasil karya awal ini, <a href="/wiki/Model_Standar" title="Model Standar">Model standar partikel fisika</a> diturunkan.<sup id="cite_ref-donut2001_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donut2001-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah penemuan partikel dengan karakteristik yang konsisten dengan <a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson</a> di <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> tahun 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-cho2012_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cho2012-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> semua <a href="/wiki/Partikel_dasar" title="Partikel dasar">partikel dasar</a> yang diprediksi oleh model standar, muncul dan diperhitungkan; namun, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_di_luar_Model_Standar" title="Fisika di luar Model Standar">fisika di luar Model Standar</a>, seperti teori <a href="/wiki/Supersimetri" title="Supersimetri">supersimetri</a>, adalah area penelitian yang berkembang.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilmu <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> secara umum penting dalam bidang ini, seperti studi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amplitudo_probabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amplitudo probabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">probabilitas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teori_kelompok#Fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori kelompok">kelompok</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penelitian_saat_ini">Penelitian saat ini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Penelitian saat ini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penelitian saat ini"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Daftar_persoalan_fisika_yang_belum_terpecahkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar persoalan fisika yang belum terpecahkan">Daftar persoalan fisika yang belum terpecahkan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg/220px-Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg/330px-Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg/440px-Meissner_effect_p1390048.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1716" /></a><figcaption>Kejadian yang dijelaskan dengan fisika: <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnet</a> berlevitasi diatas <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superkonduktor">superkonduktor</a> menunjukkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_Meissner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek Meissner (halaman belum tersedia)">efek Meissner</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Riset fisika mengalami kemajuan konstan dalam banyak bidang, dan masih akan tetap begitu jauh pada masa depan. </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">fisika benda terkondensasi</a>, masalah teoretis tak terpecahkan terbesar adalah penjelasan <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas_suhu-tinggi" title="Superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi">superkonduktivitas suhu-tinggi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Legg2006_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legg2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak penelitian fisika terkondensasi dilakukan untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spintronik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spintronik (halaman belum tersedia)">spintronik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Komputer_kuantum" title="Komputer kuantum">komputer kuantum</a> bekerja.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">fisika partikel</a>, potongan pertama dari bukti eksperimen untuk fisika di luar <a href="/wiki/Model_Standar" title="Model Standar">Model Standar</a> telah mulai menghasilkan. Yang paling terkenal adalah penunjukan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a> memiliki <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a> bukan-nol. Hasil eksperimen ini tampaknya telah menyelesaikan <a href="/wiki/Masalah_solar_neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Masalah solar neutrino">masalah solar neutrino</a> yang telah berdiri-lama dalam fisika matahari. <a href="/wiki/Penumbuk_Hadron_Raksasa" title="Penumbuk Hadron Raksasa">Penumbuk Hadron Raksasa</a> telah menemukan <a href="/wiki/Boson_Higgs" title="Boson Higgs">boson Higgs</a>. Penelitian masa depan bertujuan untuk membuktikan atau membatalkan <a href="/wiki/Supersimetri" title="Supersimetri">supersimetri</a>, yang memperluas Model Standar di fisika partikel. Penelitian <a href="/wiki/Materi_gelap" title="Materi gelap">materi gelap</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Energi_gelap" title="Energi gelap">energi gelap</a> juga sedang dilakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fisika neutrino besar merupakan area riset eksperimen dan teori yang aktif. Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, <a href="/wiki/Pemercepat_partikel" title="Pemercepat partikel">pemercepat partikel</a> akan mulai meneliti skala energi dalam jangkauan <a href="/w/index.php?title=TeV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeV (halaman belum tersedia)">TeV</a>, yang di mana para eksperimentalis berharap untuk menemukan bukti untuk <a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Simetri" title="Simetri">partikel supersimetri</a>. </p><p>Para teori juga mencoba untuk menyatukan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">relativitas umum</a> menjadi satu teori <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_kuantum" title="Gravitasi kuantum">gravitasi kuantum</a>, sebuah program yang telah berjalan selama setengah abad, dan masih belum menghasilkan buah. Kandidat atas berikutnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Teori-M" title="Teori-M">Teori-M</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_superstring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori superstring (halaman belum tersedia)">teori superstring</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_kuantum_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitasi kuantum loop">gravitasi kuantum loop</a>. </p><p>Banyak fenomena <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">kosmologik</a> belum dijelaskan secara memuaskan, termasuk keberadaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=GZK_paradoks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZK paradoks (halaman belum tersedia)">sinar kosmik energi ultra-tinggi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asimetri_baryon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asimetri baryon (halaman belum tersedia)">asimetri baryon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemercepatan_alam_semesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemercepatan alam semesta (halaman belum tersedia)">pemercepatan alam semesta</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalah_rotasi_galaksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalah rotasi galaksi (halaman belum tersedia)">percepatan putaran anomali galaksi</a>. </p><p>Meskipun banyak kemajuan telah dibuat dalam energi-tinggi, kuantum, dan fisika astronomikal, banyak fenomena sehari-hari lainnya, menyangkut <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kompleks" title="Sistem kompleks">sistem kompleks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nrc1997v9p161_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc1997v9p161-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Khaos" title="Khaos">chaos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kellert1993p32_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kellert1993p32-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau <a href="/wiki/Turbulensi" title="Turbulensi">turbulensi</a><sup id="cite_ref-eames-quoting-feynman_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eames-quoting-feynman-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> masih dimengerti sedikit saja. Masalah rumit yang sepertinya dapat dipecahkan oleh aplikasi pandai dari dinamika dan mekanika, seperti pembentukan tumpukan pasir, "node" dalam air "trickling", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_katastrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori katastrof (halaman belum tersedia)">teori katastrof</a>, atau pengurutan-sendiri dalam koleksi heterogen yang bergetar masih tak terpecahkan.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenomena rumit ini telah menerima perhatian yang semakin banyak sejak 1970-an untuk beberapa alasan, tidak lain dikarenakan kurangnya metode <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a> modern dan <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> yang dapat menghitung <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kompleks" title="Sistem kompleks">sistem kompleks</a> untuk dapat dimodelkan dengan cara baru. Hubungan antar disiplin dari fisika kompleks juga telah meningkat, seperti dalam pelajaran <a href="/wiki/Turbulensi" title="Turbulensi">turbulensi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Aerodinamika" title="Aerodinamika">aerodinamika</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Pengamatan" title="Pengamatan">pengamatan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pola" title="Pola">pola</a> pembentukan dalam sistem <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>. Pada 1932, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horrace_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horrace Lamb (halaman belum tersedia)">Horrace Lamb</a> <sup id="cite_ref-goldstein1969_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldstein1969-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mengatakan: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Saya sudah tua sekarang, dan ketika saya meninggal dan pergi ke surga ada dua hal yang saya harap dapat diterangkan. Satu adalah elektrodinamika kuantum, dan satu lagi adalah gerakan turbulens dari fluida. Dan saya lebih optimis terhadap yang pertama.</i></p></blockquote><p>Jim Al-Khalili seorang ahli <a href="/wiki/Fisika_kuantum" title="Fisika kuantum">fisika kuantum</a> menyatakan bahwa kita malah semakin jauh dari ujung fisika daripada yang kita pikirkan 30 tahun lalu. Kita sedang membicarakan Model Standar untuk menjelaskan semua bangun dasar zat dan energi, tapi kita kini cukup yakin bahwa segala hal yang kita sudah temukan ternyata hanya 5% dari keseluruhan alam semesta. Yang 95%, dikenal sebagai zat gelap dan energi gelap, masih misterius.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teori_inti">Teori inti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Teori inti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Teori inti"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabang-cabang_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabang-cabang fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Cabang-cabang fisika</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_besar_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis besar fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis besar fisika</a></div> <p>Meski fisika mempelajari berbagai macam sistem, teori tertentu digunakan oleh semua fisikawan. Setiap teori ini diuji coba dengan eksperimen berkali-kali dan menjadi perkiraan alam yang memadai. Contohnya, teori <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a> menjelaskan gerak benda yang bergerak jauh lebih pelan dari <a href="/wiki/Laju_cahaya" title="Laju cahaya">laju cahaya</a> dan berukuran jauh lebih besar dari <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>. Teori ini masih menjadi area penelitian sampai sekarang. <a href="/wiki/Teori_chaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori chaos">Teori chaos</a>, aspek penting dalam mekanika klasik ditemukan abad ke-20, tiga abad setelah formulasi awal dari <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1642–1727). </p><p>Teori utama ini adalah alat yang penting bagi penelitian untuk menuju topik yang lebih terspesialisasi, dan fisikawan manapun, tidak peduli spesialisasinya apa, diharapkan untuk tahu. Diantaranya adalah <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_statistika" title="Mekanika statistika">mekanika statistika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">relativitas khusus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_klasik_2">Fisika klasik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg/220px-Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg/330px-Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg/440px-Prediction_of_sound_scattering_from_Schroeder_Diffuser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="2745" /></a><figcaption>Fisika klasik diimplementasikan dalam model <a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_akustik" title="Rekayasa akustik">rekayasa akustik</a> suara yang dipantulkan dari sebuah <i>acoustic diffuser</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a> mencakup diantaranya adalah cabang dan topik yang telah diketahui dan dikembangkan sebelum abad ke-20: <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akustik" class="mw-disambig" title="Akustik">akustik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">optik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetisme</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a> mempelajari benda yang ber<a href="/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak">gerak</a> akibat <a href="/wiki/Gaya_(fisika)" title="Gaya (fisika)">gaya</a> dan dapat dibagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Statika" title="Statika">statika</a> (studi mengenai benda diam), <a href="/wiki/Kinematika" title="Kinematika">kinematika</a> (studi mengenai gerak tanpa peduli penyebabnya) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamika_analitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamika analitis (halaman belum tersedia)">dinamika</a> (studi mengenai gerak dan gaya yang mempengaruhinya). Mekanika juga dapat dibagi menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanika_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanika padat (halaman belum tersedia)">mekanika padat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_fluida" title="Mekanika fluida">mekanika fluida</a> (dikenal bersama sebagai <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kontinuum" title="Mekanika kontinuum">mekanika kontinuum</a>), cabang turunannya seperti <a href="/wiki/Statika_fluida" class="mw-redirect" title="Statika fluida">hidrostatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinamika_fluida" title="Dinamika fluida">hidrodinamika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerodinamika" title="Aerodinamika">aerodinamika</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pneumatika" title="Pneumatika">pneumatika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Akustik" class="mw-disambig" title="Akustik">Akustik</a> adalah studi mengenai bagaimana <a href="/wiki/Bunyi" title="Bunyi">bunyi</a> dibuat, dikontrol, dikirim, dan diterima.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica-acoustics_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-acoustics-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cabang modern penting dari akustik diantaranya <a href="/wiki/Ultrasonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrasonik">ultrasonik</a>, studi mengenai gelombang bunyi pada frekuensi sangat tinggi diatas kemampuan manusia; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioakustik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioakustik (halaman belum tersedia)">bioakustik</a>, fisika tentang pendengaran pada hewan,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektroakustik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektroakustik (halaman belum tersedia)">elektroakustik</a>, manipulasi gelombang bunyi menggunakan elektronik.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a>, studi mengenai <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>, tidak hanya peduli pada <a href="/wiki/Cahaya_tampak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya tampak">cahaya tampak</a> namun juga untuk <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiasi ultraviolet">radiasi ultraviolet</a>, yang menjelaskan semua fenomena cahaya terlihat seperti pemantulan, refraksi, interferensi, difraksi, dispersi, dan polarisasi cahaya. <a href="/wiki/Panas" title="Panas">Panas</a> adalah salah satu bentuk <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a>, energi dalam yang dimiliki partikel yang berasal dari substansi pembentuknya; termodinamika mempejari hubungan antara panas dan bentuk energi lainnya. <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">Listrik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">magnetisme</a> dipelajari sebagai salah satu cabang fisika karena kedekatannya yang mulai diteliti awal abad ke-19; sebuah <a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">arus listrik</a> dapat menimbulkan <a href="/wiki/Medan_magnet" title="Medan magnet">medan magnet</a>, dan perubahan medan magnet menginduksi arus listrik. <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatik">Elektrostatik</a> mempelajari <a href="/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik">muatan listrik</a> ketika diam, <a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika">elektrodinamika</a> dengan muatan bergerak, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetostatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetostatik (halaman belum tersedia)">magnetostatik</a> untuk kutub magnet saat diam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_modern_2">Fisika modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika modern"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Solvay_conference_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/220px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/330px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/440px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Solvay" title="Konferensi Solvay">Konferensi Solvay</a> tahun 1927, dengan kehadiran beberapa fisikawan terkenal seperti <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fisika klasik sebagian besar berfokus pada materi dan energi pada skala pengamatan normal, sedangkan sebagian besar fisika modern berfokus pada perilaku materi dan energi pada kondisi ekstrim atau pada skala sangat besar/sangat kecil. Contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">atom</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">fisika nuklir</a> mempelajari materi pada skala kecil di mana <a href="/wiki/Elemen_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemen kimia">elemen kimia</a> dapat diidentifikasi. <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel elementer</a> bahkan lebih kecil lagi karena fokusnya pada satuan materi paling dasar; cabang fisika ini dikenal sebagai fisika energi tinggi karena diperlukan energi luar biasa besar untuk memproduksi banyak tipe partikel pada <a href="/wiki/Pemercepat_partikel" title="Pemercepat partikel">pemercepat partikel</a>. Pada skala ini, notasi biasa untuk ruang, waktu, materi, dan energi tidak valid lagi.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dua teori utama fisika modern memberikan gambaran konsep yang berbeda mengenai ruang, waktu, dan materi dari fisika klasik. Mekanika klasik memperkirakan alam adalah kontinu, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">teori kuantum</a> fokus pada sifat alami diskret banyak fenomena pada skala atom dan subatom dan aspek tambahan partikel dan gelombang untuk menjelaskan fenomena ini. <a href="/wiki/Teori_relativitas" title="Teori relativitas">Teori relativitas</a> fokus pada penjelasan fenomena yang bertempat pada sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kerangka_acuan" title="Kerangka acuan">kerangka acuan</a> yang bergerak terhadap pengamat; <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">teori relativitas khusus</a> fokus pada gerak seragam relatif pada garis lurus dan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">teori relativitas umum</a> dengan gerak dipercepat dan hubungannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a>. Teori kuantum dan teori relativitas digunakan pada semua area fisika modern.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perbedaan_antara_fisika_modern_dan_fisika_klasik">Perbedaan antara fisika modern dan fisika klasik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Perbedaan antara fisika modern dan fisika klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perbedaan antara fisika modern dan fisika klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Modernphysicsfields.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Modernphysicsfields.svg/350px-Modernphysicsfields.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Modernphysicsfields.svg/525px-Modernphysicsfields.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Modernphysicsfields.svg/700px-Modernphysicsfields.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Domain dasar fisika</figcaption></figure> <p>Meski fisika bertujuan untuk menemukan hukum universal, teorinya bersandar pada domain penggunaan tertentu. Bicara umum, hukum <a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">fisika klasik</a> dapat secara akurat menjelaskan sistem yang ukurannya lebih besar dari skala atom dan geraknya jauh lebih lambat dari kecepatan cahaya. Di luar ini, pengamatan yang ada tidak sesuai dengan prediksi yang dilakukan. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> berkontribusi pada kerangka <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">relativitas khusus</a>, yang menggantikan notasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruang_dan_waktu_absolut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruang dan waktu absolut (halaman belum tersedia)">ruang dan waktu absolut</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Ruangwaktu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruangwaktu">ruangwaktu</a> dan memungkinkan deskripsi akurat mengenai sistem yang komponennya bergerak mendekati laju cahaya. <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a>, dan fisikawan lain memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a>, notasi probabilistik partikel dan interaksinya yang memungkinkan deskripsi akurat pada skala atom dan subatom. Di akhir, <a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">teori medan kuantum</a> menggabungkan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">relativitas khusus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a> memungkinkan untuk <a href="/wiki/Ruangwaktu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruangwaktu">ruangwaktu</a> melengkung, dinamis, dengan sistem yang luar biasa masif dan struktur alam semesta skala besar dapat dijelaskan. Relativitas umum belum digabungkan; beberapa kandidat teori <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_kuantum" title="Gravitasi kuantum">gravitasi kuantum</a> sedang dikembangkan. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sekilas_tentang_riset_Fisika">Sekilas tentang riset Fisika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Sekilas tentang riset Fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sekilas tentang riset Fisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika_teoretis_dan_eksperimental">Fisika teoretis dan eksperimental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika teoretis dan eksperimental" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika teoretis dan eksperimental"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Budaya penelitian fisika berbeda dengan ilmu lainnya karena adanya pemisahan <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Percobaan" title="Percobaan">eksperimen</a>. Sejak abad kedua puluh, kebanyakan fisikawan perseorangan mengkhususkan diri meneliti dalam <a href="/wiki/Fisika_teoretis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika teoretis">fisika teoretis</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Fisika_eksperimental" title="Fisika eksperimental">fisika eksperimental</a> saja, dan pada abad kedua puluh, sedikit saja yang berhasil dalam kedua bidang tersebut. Sebaliknya, hampir semua teoris dalam biologi dan kimia juga merupakan eksperimentalis yang sukses. </p><p>Mudahnya, teoris berusaha mengembangkan teori yang dapat menjelaskan hasil eksperimen yang telah dicoba dan dapat memperkirakan hasil eksperimen yang akan datang. Sementara itu, eksperimentalis menyusun dan melaksanakan eksperimen untuk menguji perkiraan teoretis. Meskipun teori dan eksperimen dikembangkan secara terpisah, mereka saling bergantung. Kemajuan dalam fisika biasanya muncul ketika eksperimentalis membuat penemuan yang tak dapat dijelaskan dari teori yang ada, sehingga mengharuskan dirumuskannya teori-teori baru. Tanpa eksperimen, penelitian teoretis sering berjalan ke arah yang salah; salah satu contohnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Teori-M" title="Teori-M">teori-M</a>, teori populer dalam fisika energi-tinggi, karena eksperimen untuk mengujinya belum pernah disusun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teori_fisika_utama">Teori fisika utama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Teori fisika utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Teori fisika utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meskipun fisika membahas beraneka ragam sistem, ada beberapa teori yang digunakan secara keseluruhan dalam fisika, bukan di satu bidang saja. Setiap teori ini diyakini benar adanya, dalam wilayah kesahihan tertentu. Contohnya, teori <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">mekanika klasik</a> dapat menjelaskan pergerakan benda dengan tepat, asalkan benda ini lebih besar daripada atom dan bergerak dengan kecepatan jauh lebih lambat daripada <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">kecepatan cahaya</a>. </p><p>Teori-teori ini masih terus diteliti; contohnya, aspek mengagumkan dari mekanika klasik yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Teori_chaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori chaos">teori chaos</a> ditemukan pada abad kedua puluh, tiga abad setelah dirumuskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>. Namun, hanya sedikit fisikawan yang menganggap teori-teori dasar ini menyimpang. Oleh karena itu, teori-teori tersebut digunakan sebagai dasar penelitian menuju topik yang lebih khusus, dan semua pelaku fisika, apa pun spesialisasinya, diharapkan memahami teori-teori tersebut. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Teori </th> <th>Subtopik utama </th> <th>Konsep </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukum_gerak_Newton" title="Hukum gerak Newton">Hukum gerak Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_Lagrangian" title="Mekanika Lagrangian">Mekanika Lagrangian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_Hamiltonan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanika Hamiltonan">Mekanika Hamiltonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teori_chaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori chaos">Teori chaos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinamika_fluida" title="Dinamika fluida">Dinamika fluida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kontinuum" title="Mekanika kontinuum">Mekanika kontinuum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimensi" title="Dimensi">Dimensi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruang" title="Ruang">Ruang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waktu" title="Waktu">Waktu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak">Gerak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjang" title="Panjang">Panjang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan" title="Kecepatan">Kecepatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">Massa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">Momentum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaya_(fisika)" title="Gaya (fisika)">Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">Energi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Momentum_sudut" title="Momentum sudut">Momentum sudut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsi" title="Torsi">Torsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hukum_kekekalan" title="Hukum kekekalan">Hukum kekekalan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osilator_harmonis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osilator harmonis (halaman belum tersedia)">Osilator harmonis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang">Gelombang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usaha_mekanik" class="mw-redirect" title="Usaha mekanik">Usaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daya" title="Daya">Daya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">Elektromagnetik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrostatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatik">Elektrostatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">Listrik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemagnetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemagnetan (halaman belum tersedia)">Magnetisitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persamaan_Maxwell" title="Persamaan Maxwell">Persamaan Maxwell</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik">Muatan listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arus_listrik" title="Arus listrik">Arus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medan_listrik" title="Medan listrik">Medan listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medan_Magnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Medan Magnet">Medan magnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medan_elektromagnetik" title="Medan elektromagnetik">Medan elektromagnetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">Radiasi elektromagnetis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monopol_magnetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monopol magnetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Monopol magnetik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_statistika" title="Mekanika statistika">Mekanika statistik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mesin_panas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesin panas">Mesin panas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_kinetis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori kinetis (halaman belum tersedia)">Teori kinetis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konstanta_Boltzmann" title="Konstanta Boltzmann">Konstanta Boltzmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entropi" title="Entropi">Entropi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi bebas (halaman belum tersedia)">Energi bebas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panas" title="Panas">Panas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungsi_partisi_(Mekanika_statistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungsi partisi (Mekanika statistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Fungsi partisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu">Suhu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Path_integral_formulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Path integral formulation (halaman belum tersedia)">Path integral formulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persamaan_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Persamaan Schrödinger">Persamaan Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">Teori medan kuantum</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamiltonian_(Mekanika_kuantum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamiltonian (Mekanika kuantum) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hamiltonian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikel_identik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikel identik (halaman belum tersedia)">Partikel identik</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstanta_Planck" title="Konstanta Planck">Konstanta Planck</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengikatan_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengikatan kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengikatan kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscilator_harmonik_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscilator harmonik kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Oscilator harmonik kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_gelombang" title="Fungsi gelombang">Fungsi gelombang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_titik-nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi titik-nol (halaman belum tersedia)">Energi titik-nol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teori_relativitas" title="Teori relativitas">Teori relativitas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">Relativitas khusus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prinsip_ekuivalensi" title="Prinsip ekuivalensi">Prinsip ekuivalensi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empat-momentum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empat-momentum (halaman belum tersedia)">Empat-momentum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerangka_referensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerangka referensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerangka referensi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruang_waktu" title="Ruang waktu">Ruang waktu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">Kecepatan cahaya</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bidang_utama_dalam_fisika">Bidang utama dalam fisika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Bidang utama dalam fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bidang utama dalam fisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riset dalam fisika dibagi beberapa bidang yang mempelajari aspek yang berbeda dari dunia materi. <a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">Fisika benda kondensi</a>, diperkirakan sebagai bidang fisika terbesar, mempelajari properti benda besar, seperti <a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">benda padat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cairan</a> yang kita temui setiap hari, yang berasal dari properti dan interaksi mutual dari <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>. </p><p>Bidang <a href="/wiki/Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" title="Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik">Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik</a> berhadapan dengan individual atom dan molekul, dan cara mereka menyerap dan mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>. Bidang <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a>, juga dikenal sebagai "Fisika energi-tinggi", mempelajari properti partikel super kecil yang jauh lebih kecil dari atom, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Partikel_dasar" title="Partikel dasar">partikel dasar</a> yang membentuk benda lainnya. </p><p>Terakhir, bidang <a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a> menerapkan hukum fisika untuk menjelaskan fenomena <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>, berkisar dari <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">matahari</a> dan objek lainnya dalam <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">tata surya</a> ke jagad raya secara keseluruhan. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bidang</th> <th>Sub-bidang</th> <th>Teori utama</th> <th>Konsep </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrometri" title="Astrometri">astrometri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_gravitasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika gravitasi">Fisika gravitasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_surya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika surya (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika surya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_luar_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika luar angkasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika luar angkasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_keplanetan" title="Ilmu keplanetan">Ilmu planet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_plasma" title="Fisika plasma">Fisika plasma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflasi_kosmik" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflasi kosmik">Inflasi kosmik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hukum_gravitasi_universal_Newton" title="Hukum gravitasi universal Newton">Hukum gravitasi universal Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetohidrodinamika" title="Magnetohidrodinamika">magnetohidrodinamika</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubang_hitam" title="Lubang hitam">Lubang hitam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_latar_gelombang_mikro_kosmik" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiasi latar gelombang mikro kosmik">Radiasi latar gelombang mikro kosmik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawai_kosmik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dawai kosmik (halaman belum tersedia)">Dawai kosmik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energi_gelap" title="Energi gelap">Energi gelap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Materi_gelap" title="Materi gelap">materi gelap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaksi" title="Galaksi">galaksi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_gravitasi" title="Gelombang gravitasi">Radiasi gravitasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata surya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang">Bintang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">alam semesta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" title="Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik"><span class="nowrap">Fisika atomik,</span> molekul, dan optik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekular" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika molekular">Fisika molekul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrofisika_optik_dan_molekul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrofisika optik dan molekul (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrofisika optik dan molekul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia fisika">Kimia fisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">optik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotonika" title="Fotonika">fotonika</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Optik_kuantum" title="Optik kuantum">Optik kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">kimia kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sains_informasi_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sains informasi kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">sains informasi kuantum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">Foton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">Radiasi elektromagnetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">Polarisasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garis_spektrum" title="Garis spektrum">Garis spektrum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efek_Casimir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efek Casimir (halaman belum tersedia)">efek Casimir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrofisika_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrofisika nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrofisika nuklir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrofisika_partikel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrofisika partikel (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrofisika partikel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Model_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Model standar">Model standar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_penyatuan_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori penyatuan besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Teori penyatuan besar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teori-M" title="Teori-M">teori-M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">teori medan kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika_kuantum" title="Elektrodinamika kuantum">elektrodinamika kuantum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kromodinamika_kuantum" title="Kromodinamika kuantum">kromodinamika kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_listrik_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori listrik lemah (halaman belum tersedia)">teori listrik lemah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_medan_efektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori medan efektif (halaman belum tersedia)">teori medan efektif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_gauge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori gauge (halaman belum tersedia)">teori gauge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supersimetri" title="Supersimetri">supersimetri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_superdawai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori superdawai (halaman belum tersedia)">teori superdawai</a>, </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interaksi_dasar" title="Interaksi dasar">Gaya Fundamental</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gravitasi" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interaksi_lemah" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaksi lemah">lemah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interaksi_kuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaksi kuat">kuat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Partikel_elementer" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel elementer">Partikel elementer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimateri" title="Antimateri">Antimateri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitasi_kuantum" title="Gravitasi kuantum">gravitasi kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemecahan_simetri_spontan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemecahan simetri spontan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemecahan simetri spontan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teori_segala_sesuatu" title="Teori segala sesuatu">teori segala sesuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energi_vakum" title="Energi vakum">Energi hampa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">Fisika benda terkondensasi</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_benda_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika benda padat (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika benda padat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_polimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika polimer (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika polimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kriogenik" title="Kriogenik">kriogenik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">ilmu permukaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">nanoteknologi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teori_BCS" title="Teori BCS">Teori BCS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_Bloch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang Bloch (halaman belum tersedia)">Gelombang Bloch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_Fermi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas Fermi (halaman belum tersedia)">Gas Fermi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairan_Fermi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairan Fermi (halaman belum tersedia)">Cairan Fermi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_banyak-tubuh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori banyak-tubuh (halaman belum tersedia)">Teori banyak-tubuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_statistika" title="Mekanika statistika">mekanika statistika</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kondensat_Bose-Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Kondensat Bose-Einstein">Kondensat Bose-Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superfluida" title="Superfluida">superfluida</a>), <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Konduktivitas listrik">Konduksi listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Magnetisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengorganisasian_sendiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengorganisasian sendiri (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengorganisasian sendiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(fisika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (fisika)">Spin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemecahan_simetri_spontan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemecahan simetri spontan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemecahan simetri spontan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_akselerator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika akselerator (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika akselerator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akustik" class="mw-disambig" title="Akustik">Akustik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agrofisika" title="Agrofisika">Agrofisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia fisika">Kimia fisika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_komunikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika komunikasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika komunikasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekonofisika" title="Ekonofisika">Ekonofisika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika rekayasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinamika_fluida" title="Dinamika fluida">Dinamika fluida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika laser (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika laser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu material">Ilmu material</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_medis" title="Fisika medis">Fisika medis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">Nanoteknologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optoelektronik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optoelektronik">Optoelektronik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotonika" title="Fotonika">Fotonika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotovoltaik" title="Fotovoltaik">Fotovoltaik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi">Fisika komputasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisika_plasma" title="Fisika plasma">Fisika plasma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_fasa-padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika fasa-padat (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika fasa-padat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">Kimia kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronika_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronika kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektronika kuantum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamika_kendaraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamika kendaraan (halaman belum tersedia)">Dinamika kendaraan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisika_partikel">Fisika partikel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika partikel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika partikel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CMS_Higgs-event.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMS_Higgs-event.jpg/220px-CMS_Higgs-event.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMS_Higgs-event.jpg/330px-CMS_Higgs-event.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CMS_Higgs-event.jpg/440px-CMS_Higgs-event.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Peristiwa yang disimulasi pada detektor CMS di <a href="/wiki/Penumbuk_Hadron_Raksasa" title="Penumbuk Hadron Raksasa">Penumbuk Hadron Raksasa</a>, memungkinkan munculnya <i><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a> adalah studi mengenai konstituen <a href="/wiki/Partikel_elementer" class="mw-redirect" title="Partikel elementer">pembentuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Materi" title="Materi">materi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Interaksi_dasar" title="Interaksi dasar">interaksi</a> di antara mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-aps-dpf_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-dpf-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, fisikawan partikel juga mendesain dan mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Akselerator_partikel" class="mw-redirect" title="Akselerator partikel">akselerator</a> energi tinggi,<sup id="cite_ref-halpern2010_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halpern2010-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Detektor_partikel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detektor partikel">detektor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grupen1999_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grupen1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_partikel_komputasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika partikel komputasi (halaman belum tersedia)">program komputer</a><sup id="cite_ref-walsh2012_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walsh2012-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini. Cabang ini juga dikenal sebagai "fisika energi-tinggi" karena banyak partikel elementer tidak muncul secara alami namun hanya bisa dibuat ketika partikel saling bertabrakan dengan energi tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-iop-hepp_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iop-hepp-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saat ini, interaksi antara partikel elementer dan <a href="/wiki/Medan_(fisika)" title="Medan (fisika)">medan</a> dijelaskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Model_Standar" title="Model Standar">Model Standar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oerter2006_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oerter2006-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Model ini mencakup 12 partikel materi yang diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kuark" title="Kuark">kuark</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">lepton</a>) yang berinteraksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Gaya_fundamental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya fundamental">gaya fundamental</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat">kuat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_lemah" title="Gaya nuklir lemah">lemah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">elektromagnetik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oerter2006_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oerter2006-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dinamika dijelaskan dalam hal partikel materi bertukar <i><a href="/wiki/Boson_tolok" title="Boson tolok">gauge boson</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boson_W_dan_Z" title="Boson W dan Z">boson W dan Z</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a>, berurutan).<sup id="cite_ref-gribbin1998_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gribbin1998-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Model Standar juga memprediksi sebuah partikel yang dikenal sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Higgs_boson" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgs boson">Higgs boson</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-oerter2006_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oerter2006-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulan Juli 2012 <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, laboratorium Eropa untuk fisika partikel, mengumumkan bahwa mereka mendeteksi sebuah partikel yang konsisten dengan Higgs boson,<sup id="cite_ref-eonr-higgs_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eonr-higgs-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bagian integral dari <a href="/wiki/Mekanisme_Higgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanisme Higgs">mekanisme Higgs</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a> adalah cabang fisika yang mempelajari pembentuk dan interaksi <a href="/wiki/Nukleus_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleus atom">nukleus atom</a>. Aplikasi paling terkenal dari fisika nuklir adalah pembangkit listrik <a href="/wiki/Daya_nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Daya nuklir">daya nuklir</a> dan teknologi <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a>, tetapi penelitiannya telah juga diaplikasikan di banyak bidang, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklir_medis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuklir medis (halaman belum tersedia)">nuklir medis</a> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Implantasi_ion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Implantasi ion (halaman belum tersedia)">implantasi ion</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material">teknik material</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penanggalan_radiokarbon" title="Penanggalan radiokarbon">penanggalan radiokarbon</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik"><span id="Fisika_atomik.2C_molekul.2C_dan_optik"></span>Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" title="Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik">Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik</a></div> <p>Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik mempelajari interaksi <a href="/wiki/Materi" title="Materi">materi</a>-materi dan <a href="/wiki/Materi" title="Materi">materi</a>-cahaya pada skala <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> dan molekul tunggal. 3 bidang ini dikelompokkan menjadi satu karena antarhubungannya, kemiripan metode yang digunakan, dan skala <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> yang relevan. Ketiga bidang ini tercakup di <a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">fisika klasik</a>, semi-klasik, dan <a href="/wiki/Fisika_kuantum" title="Fisika kuantum">kuantum</a>; dapat diperlakukan dari sudut pandang mikroskopik. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a> mempelajari <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>. Penelitian saat ini berfokus pada kontrol kuantum, pendinginan, dan penangkapan atom dan ion,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dinamika tabrakan suhu-rendah dan efek korelasi elektron pada struktur dan dinamika. Nukleus atom dipengaruhi oleh nukleus (cth. <i><a href="/wiki/Hyperfine_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperfine splitting">hyperfine splitting</a></i>), tetapi fenomena antar-nuklir seperti <a href="/wiki/Fisi_nuklir" title="Fisi nuklir">fisi nuklir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fusi_nuklir" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi nuklir</a> dianggap sebagai bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Fisika_energi_tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika energi tinggi">fisika energi tinggi</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekul" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika molekul">Fisika molekul</a> berfokus pada struktur multi atom dan interaksi dalam dan luar dengan materi dan cahaya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika optik (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika optik</a> beda dengan <a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">optik</a> dalam hal kecenderungan untuk berfokus bukan pada kontrol cahaya oleh benda makroskopik namun pada properti dasar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medan_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medan optik (halaman belum tersedia)">medan optik</a> dan interaksinya dengan materi pada skala mikroskopik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fisika_zat_terkondensasi">Fisika zat terkondensasi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika zat terkondensasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika zat terkondensasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_zat_terkondensasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika zat terkondensasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika zat terkondensasi</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bose_Einstein_condensate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bose_Einstein_condensate.png/350px-Bose_Einstein_condensate.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bose_Einstein_condensate.png/525px-Bose_Einstein_condensate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Bose_Einstein_condensate.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Data distribusi-kecepatan dari atom gas <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a>, mengkonfirmasi penemuan fasa materi baru, <a href="/wiki/Kondensat_Bose%E2%80%93Einstein" title="Kondensat Bose–Einstein">kondensat Bose–Einstein</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_zat_terkondensasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika zat terkondensasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika zat terkondensasi</a> adalah bidang fisika yang mempelajari properti fisik materi berukuran makroskopik.<sup id="cite_ref-taylorheinonen2002_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylorheinonen2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara khusus, ia berkutat pada <a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">fasa</a> terkondensasi yang muncul apabila jumlah partikel dalam sistem sangat besar dan interaksi di antara mereka kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen2008_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu contoh paling mudah dari fasa terkondensasi adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_keadaan_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika keadaan padat (halaman belum tersedia)">padat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cairan</a>, yang muncul dari ikatan <a href="/wiki/Gaya_elektromagnetik" title="Gaya elektromagnetik">gaya elektromagnetik</a> antar <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moore2011_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore2011-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fasa terkondensasi lain diantaranya <a href="/wiki/Superfluida" title="Superfluida">superfluida</a><sup id="cite_ref-leggett1999_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leggett1999-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Kondensat_Bose%E2%80%93Einstein" title="Kondensat Bose–Einstein">kondensat Bose–Einstein</a><sup id="cite_ref-levy2001_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy2001-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang ditemukan pada sistem atomik tertentu pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a> sangat rendah, fasa <a href="/wiki/Superkonduktivitas" title="Superkonduktivitas">superkonduktivitas</a> yang ditunjukkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_konduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektron konduksi (halaman belum tersedia)">elektron konduksi</a> pada material tertentu,<sup id="cite_ref-stajiccoontzosborne2011_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stajiccoontzosborne2011-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fasa <a href="/wiki/Feromagnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Feromagnet">feromagnetik</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiferomagnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiferomagnet (halaman belum tersedia)">antiferomagnetik</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Spin_(fisika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (fisika)">spin</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">struktur kristal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mattis2006_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mattis2006-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fisika zat terkondensasi adalah bidang fisika kontemporer terbesar. Dari sejarahnya, fisika zat terkondensasi muncul dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_keadaan_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika keadaan padat (halaman belum tersedia)">fisika keadaan padat</a> namun saat ini dianggap sebagai subbidang.<sup id="cite_ref-aps-dcmp_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-dcmp-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah <i>fisika zat terkondensasi</i> dicetuskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Anderson</a> ketika ia menamai ulang penelitiannya pada tahun 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-princeton-anderson_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-princeton-anderson-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tahun 1978, Divisi Fisika Fasa Padat di <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">Perkumpulan Fisika Amerika</a> diubah namanya menjadi Divisi Zat Terkondensasi.<sup id="cite_ref-aps-dcmp_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aps-dcmp-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisika zat terkondensasi sering kali beririsan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu material">ilmu material</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">nanoteknologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rekayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa">rekayasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cohen2008_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Astrofisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Astrofisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astrofisika dan astronomi adalah penerapan teori dan metode fisika untuk mempelajari struktur bintang, evolusi bintang, asal-usul Tata Surya, dan berbagai masalah terkait kosmologi. Karena cakupannya yang luas, astrofisikawan biasanya menggunakan banyak cabang fisika termasuk; Mekaninka, Elektromagnetisme, Mekanika statistik, Termodinamika, Mekanika kuantum, Relativitas, Fisika nuklir dan partikel, serta Fisika atom dan molekul.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1931, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Jansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Jansky (halaman belum tersedia)">Karl Jansky</a> menemukan bahwa sinyal radio dipancarkan oleh benda-benda langit. Penemuan ini menjadi awal mula ilmu astronomi radio. Dalam perkembangan terbaru, eksplorasi luar angkasa telah memperluas cakupan astronomi. Karena gangguan dari atmosfer Bumi, pengamatan berbasis luar angkasa diperlukan untuk astronomi <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar gamma">sinar gamma</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">sinar-X</a>. </p><p>Kosmologi fisik adalah studi tentang pembentukan dan evolusi alam semesta dalam skala terbesar. Teori relativitas <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> memainkan peran utama dalam semua teori kosmologi modern. Pada awal abad ke-20, penemuan <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> bahwa alam semesta terus mengembang, sebagimana ditunjukkan oleh diagram Hubble, memunculkan dua teori saingan yaitu Teori <i>steady state universe</i> (alam semesta stabil), dan Teori Big Bang. </p><p>Teori Big Bang dikonfirmasi oleh dua temuan penting: </p> <ul><li>Nukleosintesis Big Bang, yaitu pembentukan elemen-elemen ringan pada awal alam semesta.</li> <li>Latar gelombang Mikro Kosmis, yang ditemukan pada tahun 1964, sebagai bukti sisa radiasi dari peristiwa Big Bang.</li></ul> <p>Model Big Bang didasarkan pada dua pilar teoritis utama: </p> <ul><li>Relativitas umum Albert Einstein, dan</li> <li>Prinsip kosmologi, yaitu asumsi bahwa alam semesta homogen dan isotropis dalam skala besar.</li></ul> <p>Kosmolog modern telah mengembangkan model evolusi alam semesta yang dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Model_%CE%9BCDM" class="mw-redirect" title="Model ΛCDM">model ΛCDM</a> (<i>Lambda Cold Dark Matter</i>). Model ini mencakup konsep penting seperti; <a href="/wiki/Inflasi_kosmik" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflasi kosmik">inflasi kosmik</a> (ekspansi cepat alam semesta pada awal pembentukannya), <a href="/wiki/Energi_gelap" title="Energi gelap">energi gelap</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Materi_gelap" title="Materi gelap">materi gelap</a>. Materi ini memberikan dasar untuk memahai bagaimana alam semesta terbentuk, berkembang, dan beroperasi dalam skala terbesar. </p><p>Berbagai kemungkinan dan penemuan diperkirakan akan muncul dari data baru yang diperoleh dari <i><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a></i> dalam dekade mendatan dan akan diperbarui atau memperjelas model-model alam semesta yang ada.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara khusus, potensi penemuan besar terkait materi gelap sangat mungkin terjadi kedapan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fermi akan mencari bukti bahwa materi gelap terdiri dari partikel bermassa besar yang berinteraksi lemah, yang akan melengkapi eksperimen serupa yang dilakukan dengandengan <i><a href="/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Hadron Collider">Large Hadron Collider</a></i> dan detektor bawah tanah lainnya. </p><p>Instrumen IBEX (<i>Interstellar Boundary Explorer</i>) telah menghasilkan penemuan baru dalam <a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">astrofisika</a>. Salah satu temuan mengejutkan adalah pita atom netral berenergi tinggi (ENA <i>ribbon</i>) di sepanjang <i>termination shock</i> dari angin matahari. Hal ini mengubah pandangan ilmuwan. "Tidak ada yang tahu yang menciptakan pita ENA ini, tetapi semua orang sepakat bahwa ini berarti gambaran tradisional tentang <a href="/wiki/Heliosfer" title="Heliosfer">heliosfer</a>—dimana kantong yang melingkup Tata Surya dan dipenuhi oleh partikel bermuatan dari angin matahari melaju menembus angin galaksi dari medium antarbintang dalam bentuk seperti komet—adalah keliru." Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman tentang heliosfer dan interaksinya dengan lingkungan antarbintang perlu diperbarui secara signifikan.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; color:inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <dl><dt>Umum</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_fisika_klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium fisika klasik (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium fisika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_rumus_fisika_elementer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar rumus fisika elementer (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar rumus fisika elementer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumus_fisika_elementer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumus fisika elementer (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumus fisika elementer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_publikasi_penting_dalam_bidang_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar publikasi penting dalam bidang fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar publikasi penting dalam bidang fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_fisikawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar fisikawan (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar fisikawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_antara_matematika_dan_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan antara matematika dan fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubungan antara matematika dan fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_pengembangan_dalam_fisika_teoretis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu pengembangan dalam fisika teoretis (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu pengembangan dalam fisika teoretis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_penemuan_dasar_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu penemuan dasar fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu penemuan dasar fisika</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Cabang utama</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">Elektromagnetisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <dl><dt>Cabang berhubungan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa">Rekayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Cabang interdisiplin melibatkan fisika</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akustik" class="mw-disambig" title="Akustik">Akustik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonofisika" title="Ekonofisika">Ekonofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoteknologi" title="Nanoteknologi">Nanoteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofisika" title="Neurofisika">Neurofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikofisika" title="Psikofisika">Psikofisika</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Istilah 'alam semesta' mengaju pada semua benda yang eksis secara fisik: keseluruhan tuang dan waktu, semua bentuk zat, energi, dan momentum, dan hukum serta konstanta fisika yang memandu mereka. Namun, istilah 'alam semesta' juga dapat berarti sedikit beda, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos">kosmos</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dunia#Filosofi" title="Dunia">dunia filosofis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karya <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> tahun 1620 berjudul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novum_Organum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novum Organum (halaman belum tersedia)">Novum Organum</a></i> sangat penting dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_metode_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah metode ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">pengembangan metode ilmiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cajori1917_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cajori1917-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kalkulus dikembangkan terpisah pada waktu yang sama oleh <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a>; pada waktu itu Leibniz adalah orang pertama yang mempublikasikan karyanya dan mengembangkan banyak notasi yang digunakan di kalkulus sampai saat ini, sedangkan Newton adalah orang pertama yang mengembangkan kalkulus dan mengaplikasikannya dalam problem-problem fisika. Lihat juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontroversi_kalkulus_Leibniz%E2%80%93Newton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontroversi kalkulus Leibniz–Newton (halaman belum tersedia)">kontroversi kalkulus Leibniz–Newton</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ilmu%20tabii">ilmu tabii</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Di awal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Feynman Lectures on Physics (halaman belum tersedia)">The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> menawarkan <a href="/wiki/Teori_atom" title="Teori atom">hipotesis atom</a> sebagai konsep sains tunggal terbesar: "If, in some cataclysm, all [] scientific knowledge were to be destroyed [save] one sentence [...] what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is [...] that <i>all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another</i> ..." (<a href="#CITEREFFeynmanLeightonSands1963">Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963</a>, hlm. I-2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maxwell1878-physicalscience-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maxwell1878-physicalscience_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." (<a href="#CITEREFMaxwell1878">Maxwell 1878</a>, hlm. 9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fisika adalah salah satu sains dasar. Semua ilmuwan menggunakan pemahaman fisika, termasuk kimiawan yang mempelajari struktur molekul, paleontologis yang sedang merekonstruksi bagaimana dinosaurus berjalan, dan klimatologis yang mempelajari bagaimana aktivitas manusia mempengaruhi atmosfer dan lautan. Fisika juga dasar bagian semua ilmu rekayasa dan teknologi. Untuk mendesain TV layar datar, pesawat luar angkasa, bahkan jebakan tikus pun perlu memahami hukum dasar fisika. (...) Fisika berperan sebagai tonggak pencapaian pemikiran manusia dalam memahami dunia dan diri kita sendiri.<a href="#CITEREFYoungFreedman2014">Young & Freedman 2014</a>, hlm. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youngfreedman2014p2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fisika adalah sains percobaan. Fisikawan mengamati fenomena alam dan mencoba menemukan pola untuk menghubungkan fenomena ini."<a href="#CITEREFYoungFreedman2014">Young & Freedman 2014</a>, hlm. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holzner2003-physics-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-holzner2003-physics_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fisika adalah ilmu yang mempelajari dunia dan alam semesta disekitarmu." (<a href="#CITEREFHolzner2006">Holzner 2006</a>, hlm. 7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Ahli%20fisika">Ahli fisika</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Fisikawan">Fisikawan</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-krupp2003_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-krupp2003_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrupp2003">Krupp 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cajori1917-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cajori1917_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCajori1917">Cajori 1917</a>, hlm. 48-49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aaboe1991-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aaboe1991_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaboe1991">Aaboe 1991</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clagett1995-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clagett1995_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClagett1995">Clagett 1995</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thurston1994-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thurston1994_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurston1994">Thurston 1994</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singer2008p35-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singer2008p35_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinger2008">Singer 2008</a>, hlm. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lloyd1970pp108-109-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lloyd1970pp108-109_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1970">Lloyd 1970</a>, hlm. 108–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-atomism-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about-atomism_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGill" class="citation web">Gill, N.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140710140657/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/presocraticphiloso/p/Atomism.htm">"Atomism - Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Atomism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About Education</a>. 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A.; Chtchelkanova, A. Y.; Treger, D. M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_ibm-journal-of-research-and-development_2006-01_50_1/page/101">"Spintronics—A retrospective and perspective"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Journal_of_Research_and_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM Journal of Research and Development (halaman belum tersedia)">IBM Journal of Research and Development</a></i>. <b>50</b>: 101. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1147%2Frd.501.0101">10.1147/rd.501.0101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBM+Journal+of+Research+and+Development&rft.atitle=Spintronics%E2%80%94A+retrospective+and+perspective&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=101&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1147%2Frd.501.0101&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft.au=Chtchelkanova%2C+A.+Y.&rft.au=Treger%2C+D.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_ibm-journal-of-research-and-development_2006-01_50_1%2Fpage%2F101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gibney, E. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/lhc-2-0-a-new-view-of-the-universe-1.17081">"LHC 2.0: A new view of the Universe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>519</b> (7542): 142–143. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.519..142G">2015Natur.519..142G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F519142a">10.1038/519142a</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221231607/http://www.nature.com/news/lhc-2-0-a-new-view-of-the-universe-1.17081">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=LHC+2.0%3A+A+new+view+of+the+Universe&rft.volume=519&rft.issue=7542&rft.pages=142-143&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F519142a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.519..142G&rft.aulast=Gibney&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Flhc-2-0-a-new-view-of-the-universe-1.17081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrc1997v9p161-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nrc1997v9p161_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Research_CouncilCommittee_on_Technology_for_Future_Naval_Forces1997">National Research Council & Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces 1997</a>, hlm. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kellert1993p32-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kellert1993p32_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKellert1993">Kellert 1993</a>, hlm. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eames-quoting-feynman-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eames-quoting-feynman_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Eames, I.; Flor, J. B. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1937/702">"New developments in understanding interfacial processes in turbulent flows"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (halaman belum tersedia)">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</a></i>. <b>369</b> (1937): 702–705. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RSPTA.369..702E">2011RSPTA.369..702E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.2010.0332">10.1098/rsta.2010.0332</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817230613/http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1937/702">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>. <q>Richard Feynman said that 'Turbulence is the most important unsolved problem of classical physics'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+A&rft.atitle=New+developments+in+understanding+interfacial+processes+in+turbulent+flows&rft.volume=369&rft.issue=1937&rft.pages=702-705&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsta.2010.0332&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011RSPTA.369..702E&rft.aulast=Eames&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Flor%2C+J.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsta.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F369%2F1937%2F702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the work of <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a>, on 'systems far from equilibrium', and others, e.g., <cite class="citation book">National Research Council; Board on Physics and Astronomy; Committee on CMMP 2010 (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/11967/chapter/7">"What happens far from equilibrium and why"</a>. <i>Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: the science of the world around us</i>. <b>2007</b>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academies_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academies Press (halaman belum tersedia)">National Academies Press</a>. hlm. 91–110. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1009.4874">1009.4874</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F11967">10.17226/11967</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-309-10969-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-309-10969-7">978-0-309-10969-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001321/https://www.nap.edu/read/11967/chapter/7">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+happens+far+from+equilibrium+and+why&rft.btitle=Condensed-Matter+and+Materials+Physics%3A+the+science+of+the+world+around+us&rft.pages=91-110&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1009.4874&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F11967&rft.isbn=978-0-309-10969-7&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft.au=Board+on+Physics+and+Astronomy&rft.au=Committee+on+CMMP+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F11967%2Fchapter%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goldstein1969-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goldstein1969_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1969">Goldstein 1969</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Al-Khalili, Jim (2021). <i>Dunia Menurut Fisika</i>. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. hlm. 122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-602-481-742-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-602-481-742-8">978-602-481-742-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunia+Menurut+Fisika&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Kepustakaan+Populer+Gramedia&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-602-481-742-8&rft.aulast=Al-Khalili&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-acoustics-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica-acoustics_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/4044/acoustics">"acoustics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=acoustics&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F4044%2Facoustics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioacoustics.info/">"Bioacoustics – the International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905120546/http://www.bioacoustics.info/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bioacoustics+%E2%80%93+the+International+Journal+of+Animal+Sound+and+its+Recording&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioacoustics.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904010934/http://asaweb.devcloud.acquia-sites.com/education_outreach/careers_in_acoustics">"Acoustics and You (A Career in Acoustics?)"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acoustical_Society_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acoustical Society of America (halaman belum tersedia)">Acoustical Society of America</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asaweb.devcloud.acquia-sites.com/education_outreach/careers_in_acoustics">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acoustics+and+You+%28A+Career+in+Acoustics%3F%29&rft.pub=Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasaweb.devcloud.acquia-sites.com%2Feducation_outreach%2Fcareers_in_acoustics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTiplerLlewellyn2003">Tipler & Llewellyn 2003</a>, hlm. 269, 477, 561</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTiplerLlewellyn2003">Tipler & Llewellyn 2003</a>, hlm. 1–4, 115, 185–187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aps-dpf-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aps-dpf_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/units/dpf/index.cfm">"Division of Particles & Fields"</a>. American Physical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829105655/http://www.aps.org/units/dpf/index.cfm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Division+of+Particles+%26+Fields&rft.pub=American+Physical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Funits%2Fdpf%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-halpern2010-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-halpern2010_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalpern2010">Halpern 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grupen1999-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grupen1999_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrupen1999">Grupen 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walsh2012-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walsh2012_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalsh2012">Walsh 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iop-hepp-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iop-hepp_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hepp/index.html">"High Energy Particle Physics Group"</a>. Institute of Physics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529024813/http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hepp/index.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+Energy+Particle+Physics+Group&rft.pub=Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iop.org%2Factivity%2Fgroups%2Fsubject%2Fhepp%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oerter2006-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oerter2006_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oerter2006_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oerter2006_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOerter2006">Oerter 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gribbin1998-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gribbin1998_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGribbinGribbinGribbin1998">Gribbin, Gribbin & Gribbin 1998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eonr-higgs-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eonr-higgs_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114084952/http://press-archived.web.cern.ch/press-archived/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html">"CERN experiments observe particle consistent with long-sought Higgs boson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>. 4 July 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-archived.web.cern.ch/press-archived/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-11-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CERN+experiments+observe+particle+consistent+with+long-sought+Higgs+boson&rft.pub=CERN&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress-archived.web.cern.ch%2Fpress-archived%2FPressReleases%2FReleases2012%2FPR17.12E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, AMO research groups at <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/physics/research/abcp/areas.html#amo">"MIT AMO Group"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227043906/http://web.mit.edu/physics/research/abcp/areas.html#amo">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MIT+AMO+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fphysics%2Fresearch%2Fabcp%2Fareas.html%23amo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301112653/http://physics.korea.ac.kr/research/research_amo.php">"Korea University, Physics AMO Group"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.korea.ac.kr/research/research_amo.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Korea+University%2C+Physics+AMO+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.korea.ac.kr%2Fresearch%2Fresearch_amo.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.au.dk/forskning/forskningsomraader/amo/">"Aarhus Universitet, AMO Group"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307062146/http://phys.au.dk/forskning/forskningsomraader/amo/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aarhus+Universitet%2C+AMO+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphys.au.dk%2Fforskning%2Fforskningsomraader%2Famo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylorheinonen2002-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylorheinonen2002_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylorHeinonen2002">Taylor & Heinonen 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moore2011-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moore2011_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2011">Moore 2011</a>, hlm. 255–258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leggett1999-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leggett1999_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeggett1999">Leggett 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy2001-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-levy2001_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevy2001">Levy 2001</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stajiccoontzosborne2011-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stajiccoontzosborne2011_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStajicCoontzOsborne2011">Stajic, Coontz & Osborne 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mattis2006-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mattis2006_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMattis2006">Mattis 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aps-dcmp-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aps-dcmp_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aps-dcmp_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm">"History of Condensed Matter Physics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912081611/http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.pub=American+Physical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Funits%2Fdcmp%2Fhistory.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-princeton-anderson-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-princeton-anderson_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pwa&display=faculty">"Philip Anderson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, Department of Physics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008123438/http://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pwa&display=faculty">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philip+Anderson&rft.pub=Princeton+University%2C+Department+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2Fphysics%2Fpeople%2Fdisplay_person.xml%3Fnetid%3Dpwa%26display%3Dfaculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404195943/http://manoa.hawaii.edu/astronomy/bs-in-astrophysics/">"BS in Astrophysics"</a>. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Diarsipkan dari situs <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manoa.hawaii.edu/astronomy/bs-in-astrophysics/">aslinya</a> pada 4 April 2016. Diakses kembali pada 14 October 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/main/questions_answers.html">"NASA – Q&A on the GLAST Mission".</a> <i>Nasa: Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 28 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090425121001/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/main/questions_answers.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari situs aslinya pada 25 April 2009. Diakses kembali pada 29 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat juga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/index.html">Nasa – Fermi Science</a> Diarsipkan pada 3 April 2010 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> dan <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/unidentified_sources.html">Scientists Predict Major Discoveries for GLAST</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302071338/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/unidentified_sources.html">Diarsipkan</a> pada 2 March 2009 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/dark_matter.html">"Dark Matter"</a>. NASA. 28 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113060142/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/dark_matter.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari situs aslinya pada13 January 2012. Diakses kembali pada 30 January 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerr 2009</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593761">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/37px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/49px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fisika" title="Portal:Fisika">Portal Fisika </a></span></li> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/28px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/42px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/56px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal Astronomi </a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAaboe1991" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asger_Aaboe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asger Aaboe (halaman belum tersedia)">Aaboe, A.</a> (1991). "Mesopotamian Mathematics, Astronomy, and Astrology". <i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i>. Volume III (edisi ke-2nd). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-22717-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-22717-9">978-0-521-22717-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mesopotamian+Mathematics%2C+Astronomy%2C+and+Astrology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22717-9&rft.aulast=Aaboe&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAllen1997" class="citation web">Allen, D. 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prl.aps.org/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001">"Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics"</a>. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>101</b> (5): 25001–25006. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhRvL.101y0001C">2008PhRvL.101y0001C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001">10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250001</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131033326/http://prl.aps.org/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+of+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=25001-25006&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PhRvL.101y0001C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprl.aps.org%2Fedannounce%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal" id="CITEREFDØ_Collaboration2007"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%98_experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DØ experiment (halaman belum tersedia)">DØ Collaboration, 584 co-authors</a> (12 June 2007). "Direct observation of the strange 'b' baryon <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee3ccc044358bfb1e6a97a5edf7817ff7bce1cf7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.061ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}"></span>".  <i><a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arΧiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1690v2" class="extiw" title="arxiv:0706.1690v2">0706.1690v2</a></i> [hep-ex].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Direct+observation+of+the+strange+%27b%27+baryon+&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=D%C3%98+Collaboration&rft.aufirst=584+co-authors&rft.au=D%C3%98+Collaboration%2C%26%2332%3B584+co-authors&rft.date=12+June+2007&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Fisika"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDijksterhuis1986" class="citation book">Dijksterhuis, E.J. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805141040/http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397"><i>The mechanization of the world picture: Pythagoras to Newton</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-08403-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-08403-9">978-0-691-08403-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mechanization+of+the+world+picture%3A+Pythagoras+to+Newton&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08403-9&rft.aulast=Dijksterhuis&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getcited.org%2Fpub%2F102471397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDONUT2001" class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DONUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DONUT (halaman belum tersedia)">DONUT</a> (29 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-donut.fnal.gov/web_pages/standardmodelpg/TheStandardModel.html">"The Standard Model"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531012204/http://www-donut.fnal.gov/web_pages/standardmodelpg/TheStandardModel.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Model&rft.pub=Fermilab&rft.date=2001-06-29&rft.au=DONUT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-donut.fnal.gov%2Fweb_pages%2Fstandardmodelpg%2FTheStandardModel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFeynmanLeightonSands1963" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a>; Leighton, R.B.; Sands, M. (1963). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Feynman Lectures on Physics (halaman belum tersedia)">The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></i>. <b>1</b>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-201-02116-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-201-02116-1">0-201-02116-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feynman+Lectures+on+Physics&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-201-02116-1&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rft.au=Leighton%2C+R.B.&rft.au=Sands%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFeynman1965" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a> (1965). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Character_of_Physical_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Character of Physical Law (halaman belum tersedia)">The Character of Physical Law</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-262-56003-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-262-56003-8">0-262-56003-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Character+of+Physical+Law&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-262-56003-8&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGodfrey-Smith2003" class="citation book">Godfrey-Smith, P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint0000godf"><i>Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-226-30063-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-226-30063-3">0-226-30063-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+and+Reality%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-226-30063-3&rft.aulast=Godfrey-Smith&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheoryrealityint0000godf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1969" class="citation journal">Goldstein, S. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-fluid-mechanics_1969_1/page/1">"Fluid Mechanics in the First Half of this Century"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>. <b>1</b>: 1–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969AnRFM...1....1G">1969AnRFM...1....1G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.fl.01.010169.000245">10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.000245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Fluid+Mechanics+in+the+First+Half+of+this+Century&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.fl.01.010169.000245&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969AnRFM...1....1G&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_annual-review-of-fluid-mechanics_1969_1%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGribbinGribbinGribbin1998" class="citation book">Gribbin, J.R.; Gribbin, M.; Gribbin, J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WzwbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Q is for Quantum: An Encyclopedia of Particle Physics</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Press_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Press (publisher) (halaman belum tersedia)">Free Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-684-85578-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-684-85578-3">978-0-684-85578-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232036/https://books.google.com/books?id=WzwbAQAAIAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+is+for+Quantum%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Particle+Physics&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85578-3&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft.au=Gribbin%2C+M.&rft.au=Gribbin%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWzwbAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrupen1999" class="citation journal">Grupen, Klaus (10 Jul 1999). "Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics: VIII ICFA School". <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. <b>536</b>: 3–34. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/physics/9906063">physics/9906063</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AIPC..536....3G">2000AIPC..536....3G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1361756">10.1063/1.1361756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Instrumentation+in+Elementary+Particle+Physics%3A+VIII+ICFA+School&rft.volume=536&rft.pages=3-34&rft.date=1999-07-10&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fphysics%2F9906063&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1361756&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000AIPC..536....3G&rft.aulast=Grupen&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGuicciardini1999" class="citation book">Guicciardini, N. 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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JAxLVY96sqsC"><i>Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-64391-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-64391-4">978-0-470-64391-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232019/https://books.google.com/books?id=JAxLVY96sqsC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collider%3A+The+Search+for+the+World%27s+Smallest+Particles&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-64391-4&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJAxLVY96sqsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHawkingPenrose1996" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking, S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose, R.</a> (1996). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nature_of_Space_and_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nature of Space and Time (halaman belum tersedia)">The Nature of Space and Time</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-691-05084-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-691-05084-8">0-691-05084-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Space+and+Time&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-691-05084-8&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Penrose%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolzner2006" class="citation book">Holzner, S. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>. <q>Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-470-61841-8&rft.aulast=Holzner&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Freader%2F0764554336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHonderich1995" class="citation book">Honderich, T. (editor) (1995). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Oxford_Companion_to_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (halaman belum tersedia)">The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</a></i> (edisi ke-1). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehandboo00morr/page/n469">474</a>–476. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-866132-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-866132-0">0-19-866132-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=474-476&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-866132-0&rft.aulast=Honderich&rft.aufirst=T.+%28editor%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHowardRogers1995" class="citation book">Howard, Ian; Rogers, Brian (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/binocularvisions0000unse"><i>Binocular Vision and Stereopsis</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-508476-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-508476-4">978-0-19-508476-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Binocular+Vision+and+Stereopsis&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508476-4&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbinocularvisions0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKellert1993" class="citation book">Kellert, S.H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell"><i>In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-226-42976-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-226-42976-8">0-226-42976-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Wake+of+Chaos%3A+Unpredictable+Order+in+Dynamical+Systems&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-226-42976-8&rft.aulast=Kellert&rft.aufirst=S.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finwakeofchaosunp0000kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKerr2009" class="citation news">Kerr, R.A. (16 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/sci;326/5951/350-a?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=IBEX&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&issue=5951&resourcetype=HWCIT">"Tying Up the Solar System With a Ribbon of Charged Particles"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>326</b> (5951). hlm. 350–351. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929021740/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/326/5951/350.1.summary?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=IBEX&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&issue=5951&resourcetype=HWCIT/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Tying+Up+the+Solar+System+With+a+Ribbon+of+Charged+Particles&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=5951&rft.pages=350-351&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fsummary%2Fsci%3B326%2F5951%2F350-a%3Fmaxtoshow%3D%26HITS%3D10%26hits%3D10%26RESULTFORMAT%3D%26fulltext%3DIBEX%26searchid%3D1%26FIRSTINDEX%3D0%26issue%3D5951%26resourcetype%3DHWCIT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKrupp2003" class="citation book">Krupp, E.C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rMAJ87WTF0C"><i>Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (halaman belum tersedia)">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-486-42882-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-486-42882-6">0-486-42882-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232019/https://books.google.com/books?id=7rMAJ87WTF0C">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+the+Ancient+Skies%3A+The+Astronomy+of+Lost+Civilizations&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-486-42882-6&rft.aulast=Krupp&rft.aufirst=E.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rMAJ87WTF0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLaplace1951" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Laplace, P.S.</a> (1951). <i>A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities</i>. Translated from the 6th French edition by Truscott, F.W. and Emory, F.L. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (halaman belum tersedia)">Dover Publications</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Philosophical+Essay+on+Probabilities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Laplace&rft.aufirst=P.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLeggett1999" class="citation journal">Leggett, A.J. (1999). "Superfluidity". <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i>. <b>71</b> (2): S318–S323. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999RvMPS..71..318L">1999RvMPS..71..318L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.71.S318">10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.atitle=Superfluidity&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=S318-S323&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.71.S318&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999RvMPS..71..318L&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLevy2001" class="citation journal">Levy, B.G. (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515100141/http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1">"Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensates"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>54</b> (12): 14. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54l..14L">2001PhT....54l..14L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1445529">10.1063/1.1445529</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Cornell%2C+Ketterle%2C+and+Wieman+Share+Nobel+Prize+for+Bose-Einstein+Condensates&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1445529&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001PhT....54l..14L&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicstoday.org%2Fjournals%2Fdoc%2FPHTOAD-ft%2Fvol_54%2Fiss_12%2F14_1.shtml%3FbypassSSO%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1970" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._E._R._Lloyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. E. R. Lloyd (halaman belum tersedia)">Lloyd, G.E.R.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlygreekscienc00gerl"><i>Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle</i></a>. London; New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatto_and_Windus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatto and Windus (halaman belum tersedia)">Chatto and Windus</a>; <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-393-00583-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-393-00583-6">0-393-00583-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Greek+Science%3A+Thales+to+Aristotle&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Chatto+and+Windus%3B+W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-393-00583-6&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=G.E.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlygreekscienc00gerl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMattis2006" class="citation book">Mattis, D.C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkNBAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Theory of Magnetism Made Simple</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-981-238-579-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-981-238-579-6">978-981-238-579-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232037/https://books.google.com/books?id=VkNBAQAAIAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Magnetism+Made+Simple&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-981-238-579-6&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=D.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVkNBAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell1878" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell, J.C.</a> (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=noRgWP0_UZ8C&printsec=titlepage&dq=matter+and+motion"><i>Matter and Motion</i></a>. D. Van Nostrand. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-486-66895-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-486-66895-9">0-486-66895-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matter+and+Motion&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand&rft.date=1878&rft.isbn=0-486-66895-9&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnoRgWP0_UZ8C%26printsec%3Dtitlepage%26dq%3Dmatter%2Band%2Bmotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMoore2011" class="citation book">Moore, J.T. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRuP-BbS9xoC"><i>Chemistry For Dummies</i></a> (edisi ke-2). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-118-00730-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-118-00730-3">978-1-118-00730-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232019/https://books.google.com/books?id=TRuP-BbS9xoC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+For+Dummies&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-118-00730-3&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRuP-BbS9xoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_CouncilCommittee_on_Technology_for_Future_Naval_Forces1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States National Research Council (halaman belum tersedia)">National Research Council</a>; Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5869&page=161"><i>Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000–2035 Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 9: Modeling and Simulation</i></a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_National_Academies_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The National Academies Press (halaman belum tersedia)">The National Academies Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-309-05928-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-309-05928-2">978-0-309-05928-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407045141/http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5869&page=161">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+for+the+United+States+Navy+and+Marine+Corps%2C+2000%E2%80%932035+Becoming+a+21st-Century+Force%3A+Volume+9%3A+Modeling+and+Simulation&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-309-05928-2&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft.au=Committee+on+Technology+for+Future+Naval+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D5869%26page%3D161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson1996a" class="citation web">O'Connor, J.J.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (halaman belum tersedia)">Robertson, E.F.</a> (February 1996a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html">"Special Relativity"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (halaman belum tersedia)">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (halaman belum tersedia)">University of St Andrews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027162246/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft.atitle=Special+Relativity&rft.date=1996-02&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FSpecial_relativity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson1996b" class="citation web">O'Connor, J.J.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (halaman belum tersedia)">Robertson, E.F.</a> (May 1996b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028220722/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html">"A History of Quantum Mechanics"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (halaman belum tersedia)">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (halaman belum tersedia)">University of St Andrews</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.date=1996-05&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FHistTopics%2FThe_Quantum_age_begins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOerter2006" class="citation book">Oerter, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1KHuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pi_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pi Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Pi Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-13-236678-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-13-236678-6">978-0-13-236678-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721232020/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KHuAAAAMAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Almost+Everything%3A+The+Standard+Model%2C+the+Unsung+Triumph+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pub=Pi+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-236678-6&rft.aulast=Oerter&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1KHuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPenroseShimonyCartwrightHawking1997" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose, R.</a>; Shimony, A.; Cartwright, N.; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking, S.</a> (1997). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Large,_the_Small_and_the_Human_Mind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Large, the Small and the Human Mind (halaman belum tersedia)">The Large, the Small and the Human Mind</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-78572-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-78572-3">0-521-78572-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Large%2C+the+Small+and+the+Human+Mind&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-78572-3&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Shimony%2C+A.&rft.au=Cartwright%2C+N.&rft.au=Hawking%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPenrose2004" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose, R.</a> (2004). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Road_to_Reality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Road to Reality (halaman belum tersedia)">The Road to Reality</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-679-45443-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-679-45443-8">0-679-45443-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Reality&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-679-45443-8&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2006" class="citation book">Rosenberg, Alex (2006). <i>Philosophy of Science</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-34317-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-34317-8">0-415-34317-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-34317-8&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1983" class="citation book">Schrödinger, E. (1983). <i>My View of the World</i>. Ox Bow Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-918024-30-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-918024-30-7">0-918024-30-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+View+of+the+World&rft.pub=Ox+Bow+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-918024-30-7&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1995" class="citation book">Schrödinger, E. (1995). <i>The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics</i>. Ox Bow Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-881987-09-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-881987-09-4">1-881987-09-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interpretation+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.pub=Ox+Bow+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-881987-09-4&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSinger2008" class="citation book">Singer, C. (2008). <i>A Short History of Science to the 19th Century</i>. Streeter Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Science+to+the+19th+Century&rft.pub=Streeter+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStajicCoontzOsborne2011" class="citation journal">Stajic, Jelena; Coontz, R.; Osborne, I. (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2011-04-08_332_6026/page/189">"Happy 100th, Superconductivity!"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>332</b> (6026): 189. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332..189S">2011Sci...332..189S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.332.6026.189">10.1126/science.332.6026.189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Happy+100th%2C+Superconductivity%21&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6026&rft.pages=189&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.332.6026.189&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...332..189S&rft.aulast=Stajic&rft.aufirst=Jelena&rft.au=Coontz%2C+R.&rft.au=Osborne%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science_2011-04-08_332_6026%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTaylorHeinonen2002" class="citation book">Taylor, P.L.; Heinonen, O. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hyx6BjEX4U8C"><i>A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-77827-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-77827-5">978-0-521-77827-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721233026/https://books.google.com/books?id=hyx6BjEX4U8C">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quantum+Approach+to+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77827-5&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=P.L.&rft.au=Heinonen%2C+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhyx6BjEX4U8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThurston1994" class="citation book">Thurston, H. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyastronomy0000thur"><i>Early Astronomy</i></a>. Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Astronomy&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyastronomy0000thur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFTiplerLlewellyn2003" class="citation book">Tipler, Paul; Llewellyn, Ralph (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernphysics0000tipl"><i>Modern Physics</i></a>. W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7167-4345-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7167-4345-3">978-0-7167-4345-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Physics&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-4345-3&rft.aulast=Tipler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernphysics0000tipl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFToraldo_Di_Francia1976" class="citation book">Toraldo Di Francia, G. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/investigationofp0000tora"><i>The Investigation of the Physical World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-29925-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-29925-X">0-521-29925-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Investigation+of+the+Physical+World&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-521-29925-X&rft.aulast=Toraldo+Di+Francia&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finvestigationofp0000tora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2012" class="citation web">Walsh, K.M. (1 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=23098">"Plotting the Future for Computing in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729020032/https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=23098">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plotting+the+Future+for+Computing+in+High-Energy+and+Nuclear+Physics&rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=K.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D23098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoungFreedman2014" class="citation book">Young, H.D.; Freedman, R.A. (2014). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Physics (halaman belum tersedia)">Sears and Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update</a></i> (edisi ke-13th). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Education (halaman belum tersedia)">Pearson Education</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-292-02063-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-292-02063-1">978-1-292-02063-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sears+and+Zemansky%27s+University+Physics+with+Modern+Physics+Technology+Update&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-292-02063-1&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=H.D.&rft.au=Freedman%2C+R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Wikibooks</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Buku pelajaran <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> memiliki materi mengenai: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Rumus-Rumus_Fisika_Lengkap" class="extiw" title="b:id:Rumus-Rumus Fisika Lengkap">Rumus-Rumus Fisika Lengkap</a></i></div> </div> </div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png/75px-Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png/100px-Crystal_Clear_app_korganizer.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Wikibooks</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Buku pelajaran <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> memiliki materi mengenai: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Soal-Soal_Fisika" class="extiw" title="b:id:Soal-Soal Fisika">Soal-Soal Fisika</a></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisikaasyik.com/">Fisika Asyik: Cara Asyik Belajar Fisika</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607021644/https://fisikaasyik.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-07 di <a 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