Buildings - Energy System

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1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Oil and natural gas supply" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Fossil Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Renewables</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="photo from the perspective of looking up to the top of electricity tower pylons with a colorful blue and yellow background in the sky" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Electricity</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emission-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Low-emission fuels" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Low-Emission Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Transport</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking industry" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Industry</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking buildings" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Buildings</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=112 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=308 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=617 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=336 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=673 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</p> </a> </div> <div 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ccus Tall" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="LED screen macro" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Decarbonisation Enablers</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" 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href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/energy-system" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore all</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/topics" aria-controls="navigation-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Topics <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-2" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Understand the biggest energy challenges</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails "> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo of planet earth taken from space" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Electricity security report cover" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Security</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Climate Change</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Access and Affordability</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&h=133&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=122 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=243 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=133 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=266 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Artificial Intelligence</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Aerial View Of Wind Turbines" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Net Zero Emissions</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 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sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Russia's War on Ukraine</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="50 Bg 2" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">The IEA's 50th Anniversary</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy and Gender</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/investment" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Investment</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a 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With selective focus and bokeh." class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&h=471&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=390 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=780 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=439 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=878 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=943 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Image Showing A Wave Liquid Shape Color Background Art Design Vector Illustration Gettyimages 1148599351 Cmyk" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">World Energy Outlook 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--fuel-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-default m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/oil-market-report-november-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Oil Market Report - 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o-hero-global__title">Buildings</h1> <nav class="o-hero-global__breadcrumbs"> <nav class="m-breadcrumbs m-breadcrumbs--inverse m-breadcrumbs--shadow" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="m-breadcrumbs__items"> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" href="/energy-system">Energy system</a> </li> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" aria-current="page" href="/energy-system/buildings">Buildings</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </nav> </div> </header> <nav class="m-nav-page m-nav-page--tabs m-nav-page--w-cta" data-behavior="stickyNav tabs" data-stickynav-offset="60" data-tabs-check-url="true" data-tabs-select-first="true" data-tabs-scroll-update="true" > <div class="m-nav-page__bar "> <div class="container m-nav-page__inner"> <div class="m-nav-page__scroller" data-tabs-scroller> <div class="m-nav-page__ctas"> <nav class="m-nav-page__tabs m-nav-page__tabs--strong"> <a href="#overview" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Overview </a> <a href="#tracking" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Tracking </a> <a href="#programmes" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Programmes </a> <span class="m-nav-page__active-tab" data-tabs-status></span> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="m-nav-page__cta"> </div> <div data-buy-generic></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="m-tab-wrapper" data-stickyNav-tracker> <section class="page__section" id="overview" data-tab-anchor="Overview"> <div class="page__section page__section--padded-b"> <section class="m-energy-questions container"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-energy-questions__cards"> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Why are buildings important?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> The buildings sector, which includes energy used for constructing, heating, cooling and lighting homes and businesses, as well as the appliances and equipment installed in them, accounts for over one third of global energy consumption and emissions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Why do buildings matter for clean energy transitions?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Global floor area is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and growing wealth means more and more consumers are buying air conditioners and other appliances. Because of the long lifetime of structures, heating and cooling systems, and other appliances, design and purchasing decisions made today will shape energy use for many years to come.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Where do we need to go?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Existing technologies can deliver significant energy and cost savings and other benefits, but stronger policy support such as minimum performance standards and building energy codes will be required to put the buildings sector on track with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__accordions" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-forceFirstOpen="1" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom"> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="1" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="why-are-buildings-important-80fe4738-a9d9-11ef-aaba-6045bd192725-content" id="why-are-buildings-important-80fe4738-a9d9-11ef-aaba-6045bd192725"> Why are buildings important? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="why-are-buildings-important-80fe4738-a9d9-11ef-aaba-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="why-are-buildings-important-80fe4738-a9d9-11ef-aaba-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item data-accordion-init="" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> The buildings sector, which includes energy used for constructing, heating, cooling and lighting homes and businesses, as well as the appliances and equipment installed in them, accounts for over one third of global energy consumption and emissions. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="why-do-buildings-matter-for-clean-energy-transitions-80fe4ce2-a9d9-11ef-81c3-6045bd192725-content" id="why-do-buildings-matter-for-clean-energy-transitions-80fe4ce2-a9d9-11ef-81c3-6045bd192725"> Why do buildings matter for clean energy transitions? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="why-do-buildings-matter-for-clean-energy-transitions-80fe4ce2-a9d9-11ef-81c3-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="why-do-buildings-matter-for-clean-energy-transitions-80fe4ce2-a9d9-11ef-81c3-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Global floor area is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries, and growing wealth means more and more consumers are buying air conditioners and other appliances. Because of the long lifetime of structures, heating and cooling systems, and other appliances, design and purchasing decisions made today will shape energy use for many years to come. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="where-do-we-need-to-go-80fe4f8a-a9d9-11ef-8ce7-6045bd192725-content" id="where-do-we-need-to-go-80fe4f8a-a9d9-11ef-8ce7-6045bd192725"> Where do we need to go? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="where-do-we-need-to-go-80fe4f8a-a9d9-11ef-8ce7-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="where-do-we-need-to-go-80fe4f8a-a9d9-11ef-8ce7-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Existing technologies can deliver significant energy and cost savings and other benefits, but stronger policy support such as minimum performance standards and building energy codes will be required to put the buildings sector on track with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-recirculation-links container"> <header class="m-recirculation-links__header"> <h2 class="m-recirculation-links__title f-title-7">In this sector</h2> </header> <ul class="m-recirculation-links__items"> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Space Cooling </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/lighting"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Lighting </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/building-envelopes"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Building Envelopes </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/heat-pumps"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Heat Pumps </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/heating"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Heating </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/district-heating"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> District Heating </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/buildings/appliances-and-equipment"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Appliances and Equipment </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </section> <div class="page__section page__section--padded page__section--dark page__section--no-border" data-tab-anchor="tracking"> <section id="tracking" class="m-energy-tracking-section container"> <header class="m-energy-tracking-section__header "> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <h2 class="f-title-6 m-energy-tracking-section__title">Tracking Buildings</h2> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-container"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status"> <div class="a-status a-status--more-efforts-needed a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">More efforts needed</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-tooltip"> <span class="a-help" data-behavior="tooltip"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help"></use></svg></span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help-inverse icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help-inverse"></use></svg></span> <script type="x-template" data-tooltip-template> <div> <div class="a-status a-status--on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">On track</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--more-efforts-needed a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">More efforts needed</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--not-on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">Not on track</span> </div> </div> </div> </script> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__desc f-rte f-subtitle-1"><p>The operations of buildings account for 30% of global final energy consumption and 26% of global energy-related emissions<sup>1</sup> (8% being direct emissions in buildings and 18% indirect emissions from the production of electricity and heat used in buildings). Direct emissions from the buildings sector decreased in 2022 compared to the year before, despite extreme temperatures <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer">driving up heating-related emissions</a> in certain regions. In 2022, buildings sector energy use increased by around 1%. </p><p>Minimum performance standards and building energy codes are increasing in scope and stringency across countries, and the use of efficient and renewable buildings technologies is accelerating. Yet the sector needs more rapid changes to get on track with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. This decade is crucial for implementing the measures required to achieve the targets of all new buildings and 20% of the existing building stock being zero-carbon-ready<sup>2</sup> by 2030. </p><p><br class="softbreak"></p><p><sup><em>1</em></sup><em> Energy sector CO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em> emissions include emissions from energy combustion and industrial processes. </em></p><p><sup><em>2</em></sup><em> Zero-carbon-ready buildings are highly energy-efficient and resilient buildings that either use renewable energy directly, or rely on a source of energy supply that can be fully decarbonised, such as electricity or district energy. The zero-carbon-ready concept include both operational and embodied emissions. </em><br class="softbreak"></p></div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__cta"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </header> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__items container"> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="country-and-regional-highlights-81024acc-a9d9-11ef-a8a9-6045bd192725-content" id="country-and-regional-highlights-81024acc-a9d9-11ef-a8a9-6045bd192725"> Country and regional highlights <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Major economies are increasing energy performance requirements for both new and existing buildings via policies and industry standards </p> </div> <div id="country-and-regional-highlights-81024acc-a9d9-11ef-a8a9-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="country-and-regional-highlights-81024acc-a9d9-11ef-a8a9-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Major economies are increasing energy performance requirements for both new and existing buildings via policies and industry standards </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Countries and regions making notable progress in decarbonising buildings include the following: </p><ul><li>In <strong>China</strong>, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development implemented the <a href="https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/zhengce/zhengcefilelib/202110/20211013_762460.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">General Code for Building Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization</a> in April 2022, requiring all new, expanded, or renovated buildings to be designed for energy efficiency.  </li><li><strong>Japan </strong>revised <a href="https://www.asiaeec-col.eccj.or.jp/policynews-202207/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">buildings regulations</a> in 2022 to require zero-energy performance for all new buildings by 2030, and for all existing buildings by 2050. </li><li>The <strong>European Union</strong>’s 2023 revision of the <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2023-0068_EN.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)</a> supports the objective of achieving climate neutrality in the buildings sector by 2050 by requiring zero emissions for all new public buildings from 2026 and all new buildings from 2028, and tightening standards for existing buildings over time.  </li><li>In the<strong> United States, </strong>the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), published in 2023 <a href="https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/ansi-ashrae-standard-228-standard-method-of-evaluating-zero-net-energy-and-zero-net-carbon-building-performance" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">zero net energy and zero net carbon standards</a> for buildings operations.  <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="co2-emissions-8109bcc6-a9d9-11ef-b69d-6045bd192725-content" id="co2-emissions-8109bcc6-a9d9-11ef-b69d-6045bd192725"> CO2 emissions <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Direct CO2 emissions from buildings decreased to 3 Gt in 2022, while indirect CO2 emissions increased to nearly 6.8 Gt </p> </div> <div id="co2-emissions-8109bcc6-a9d9-11ef-b69d-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="co2-emissions-8109bcc6-a9d9-11ef-b69d-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Direct CO2 emissions from buildings decreased to 3 Gt in 2022, while indirect CO2 emissions increased to nearly 6.8 Gt </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>In 2022, direct emissions from buildings operations declined slightly year-on-year, in contrast to the trend over 2015 to 2021 when they grew on average almost 1% per year. At the same time, indirect emissions from buildings operations grew by around 1.4% in 2022, reflecting an increased reliance on electricity. </p><p>Emissions trends differed by region. In the European Union, emissions fell in 2022, aided by a mild winter, while in the United States, buildings emissions increased, driven by extreme temperatures. To get on track with the NZE Scenario, emissions must fall by 9% per year on average until 2030, more than halving by the end of the decade.  </p><p>Beyond the direct and indirect emissions from buildings operations, another 2.5 Gt CO<sub>2</sub> in 2022 were associated with buildings construction, including the manufacturing and processing of cement, steel, and aluminium for buildings. Altogether, buildings operations and construction emissions account for more than one-third of global energy-related emissions. Mitigation and adaptation measures are needed across the whole buildings value chain. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:2"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts--multiple m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-co2-emissions-from-the-operation-of-buildings-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Residential: direct;Residential: indirect;Non-residential: direct;Non-residential: indirect 2010;2.0;3.4;0.9;2.7 2011;1.9;3.5;0.9;2.7 2012;1.9;3.6;0.9;2.8 2013;2.0;3.7;0.9;2.8 2014;1.9;3.7;0.9;2.8 2015;1.9;3.6;0.9;2.8 2016;2.0;3.7;0.9;2.8 2017;2.0;3.7;0.9;2.8 2018;2.1;3.9;0.9;2.9 2019;2.0;3.9;0.9;2.9 2020;2.0;3.9;0.9;2.6 2021;2.1;4.0;1.0;2.7 2022;2.0;4.1;1.0;2.7 2023;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2024;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2025;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2026;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2027;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2028;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2029;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2030;1.1;1.7;0.6;1.0" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"series\": [ { \"colorIndex\": 0 }, { \"colorIndex\": 1}, {\"colorIndex\": 3}, {\"colorIndex\": 4} ], \"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"numeric\", \"plotLines\": [ { \"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\" } } ] } }" data-chart-colorpalette="tints" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Gt CO2" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global CO2 emissions from the operation of buildings in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-co2-emissions-from-the-operation-of-buildings-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global CO2 emissions from the operation of buildings in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-co2-emissions-from-buildings-including-embodied-emissions-from-new-construction-2022" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Residential: direct;Residential: indirect;Non-residential: direct;Non-residential: indirect;Buildings construction industry;Other construction industry;Other 2022;5.52;11.06;2.74;7.38;6.79;6.16;60.35" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="2" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="bar" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"series\": [ { \"colorIndex\": 0, \"showInLegend\": true }, { \"colorIndex\": 1, \"showInLegend\": true}, {\"colorIndex\": 3, \"showInLegend\": true}, {\"colorIndex\": 4, \"showInLegend\": true}, { \"colorIndex\": 9, \"showInLegend\": true }, {\"colorIndex\": 18, \"showInLegend\": true}, {\"colorIndex\": 19, \"showInLegend\": true } ], \"yAxis\": { \"labels\": {\"format\": \"{value}%\"}, \"opposite\": true, \"max\": 100.1, \"endOnTick\": false, \"ceiling\": 100.1 } }" data-chart-colorpalette="tints" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="%" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="percent" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global CO2 emissions from buildings, including embodied emissions from new construction, 2022</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-co2-emissions-from-buildings-including-embodied-emissions-from-new-construction-2022" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global CO2 emissions from buildings, including embodied emissions from new construction, 2022' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="energy-8111346a-a9d9-11ef-919f-6045bd192725-content" id="energy-8111346a-a9d9-11ef-919f-6045bd192725"> Energy <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">In 2022, the buildings sector consumed about 1% more energy than the year before </p> </div> <div id="energy-8111346a-a9d9-11ef-919f-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="energy-8111346a-a9d9-11ef-919f-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>In 2022, the buildings sector consumed about 1% more energy than the year before </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:2"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts--multiple m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="energy-consumption-in-buildings-by-fuel-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Biomass (traditional);Coal;Oil;Natural gas;Electricity;District heat;Renewables;Hydrogen ;Others 2010;25.3;5.7;13.3;26.4;34.7;6.1;5.2;0.0;0.1 2011;25.1;5.5;12.8;26.0;35.0;6.2;5.2;0.0;0.1 2012;24.7;5.8;12.6;25.1;36.0;6.3;5.5;0.0;0.1 2013;24.5;5.7;13.0;26.9;37.1;6.2;6.1;0.0;0.1 2014;24.6;5.6;12.7;26.6;37.7;6.2;5.9;0.0;0.1 2015;24.2;5.6;13.1;26.6;38.8;6.0;6.0;0.0;0.1 2016;23.9;5.6;13.2;27.2;40.2;6.0;6.1;0.0;0.1 2017;24.0;5.5;13.4;27.9;41.0;6.2;6.2;0.0;0.1 2018;23.8;4.7;13.4;30.0;42.8;6.6;6.7;0.0;0.1 2019;23.9;4.2;13.1;30.0;43.3;6.6;6.9;0.0;0.1 2020;23.9;4.1;13.1;29.3;43.3;6.5;7.0;0.0;0.1 2021;23.9;4.2;13.4;31.0;44.3;6.8;7.4;0.0;0.1 2022;23.9;4.3;13.5;30.3;45.3;6.9;7.8;0.0;0.1 2023;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2024;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2025;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2026;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2027;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2028;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2029;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 2030;0.0;1.1;8.7;18.4;47.6;6.6;18.2;0.1;0.1" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{\"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"numeric\", \"plotLines\": [{ \"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\" } }] }}" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="EJ" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Energy consumption in buildings by fuel in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/energy-consumption-in-buildings-by-fuel-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030-2" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Energy consumption in buildings by fuel in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="final-energy-consumption-of-buildings-relative-to-other-sectors-2022" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Residential;Non-residential;Buildings construction industry;Other construction industry;Other 2022;20.96;8.76;3.97;3.33;62.98" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="2" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="bar" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"series\": [ { \"colorIndex\": 0, \"showInLegend\": true }, { \"colorIndex\": 3, \"showInLegend\": true}, {\"colorIndex\": 9, \"showInLegend\": true}, {\"colorIndex\": 18, \"showInLegend\": true}, { \"colorIndex\": 19, \"showInLegend\": true } ], \"yAxis\": { \"labels\": {\"format\": \"{value}%\"}, \"opposite\": true, \"max\": 100.1, \"endOnTick\": false, \"ceiling\": 100.1 } }" data-chart-colorpalette="tints" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="%" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="percent" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Final energy consumption of buildings relative to other sectors, 2022</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/final-energy-consumption-of-buildings-relative-to-other-sectors-2022" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Final energy consumption of buildings relative to other sectors, 2022' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Operational energy use in buildings represents about 30% of global final energy consumption. This share jumps to 34% when including the final energy use associated with the production of cement, steel and aluminium for the construction of buildings. </p><p>In 2022, for the second year in a row, space cooling saw the largest increase in demand across all buildings end uses, up by more than 3% compared to 2021. By contrast, space heating energy consumption decreased by 4%, mainly driven by a mild winter in several regions, including Europe. </p><p>During the past decade, energy demand in buildings has seen an average annual growth of just over 1%. In 2022 energy demand in buildings increased by nearly 1% compared with 2021. Electricity accounted for about 35% of buildings’ energy use in 2022, up from 30% in 2010. Despite a progressive shift from fossil fuels to other energy sources and vectors – especially electricity and renewables – fossil fuel use in buildings has increased at an average annual growth rate of 0.5% since 2010. </p><p>In the NZE Scenario, energy consumption in buildings drops by around 25% and fossil fuel use decreases by more than 40% by 2030. The traditional use of biomass, associated with air pollution and its health consequences, is completely phased out and universal energy access, as delineated in <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections" rel="noopener noreferrer">United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7</a>, is achieved. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="activity-81165576-a9d9-11ef-9cb7-6045bd192725-content" id="activity-81165576-a9d9-11ef-9cb7-6045bd192725"> Activity <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Advances in energy efficiency are key to boosting progress in decoupling energy consumption from floor area growth </p> </div> <div id="activity-81165576-a9d9-11ef-9cb7-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="activity-81165576-a9d9-11ef-9cb7-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Advances in energy efficiency are key to boosting progress in decoupling energy consumption from floor area growth </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="global-floor-area-and-buildings-energy-intensity-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=",Advanced economies,Emerging and developing economies,Energy intensity 2010,76.1,116.3,168.5 2011,77.3,120.0,163.2 2012,78.4,123.8,159.6 2013,79.6,127.6,160.3 2014,80.8,131.4,156.3 2015,82.0,135.3,153.8 2016,83.1,139.4,152.5 2017,84.3,143.5,151.8 2018,85.5,147.4,152.7 2019,86.6,151.1,149.7 2020,87.8,154.2,146.1 2021,88.9,159.2,146.6 2022,90.0,162.7,145.1 2023,0,0, 2024,0,0, 2025,0,0, 2026,0,0, 2027,0,0, 2028,0,0, 2029,0,0, 2030,98.6,192.3,96.2" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"numeric\", \"plotLines\": [{ \"value\": 2022.5, \"label\": { \"text\": \"NZE\" } }] }, \"series\": [{},{},{\"type\": \"scatter\", \"zIndex\": 999, \"tooltip\": {\"valueSuffix\": \" kWh/m2\"}, \"yAxis\": 1 }], \"yAxis\": [ { \"min\": 0, \"max\": 300, \"tickAmount\": 7, \"title\": {\"text\": \"Floor area (billion m2)\"}}, {\"min\": 0, \"max\": 180, \"tickAmount\": 7, \"title\": {\"text\": \"Energy intensity (kWh/m2)\"}} ] }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="billion m2" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Global floor area and buildings energy intensity in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/global-floor-area-and-buildings-energy-intensity-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2010-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Global floor area and buildings energy intensity in the Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>By 2030, global floor area is expected to increase by around 15%, equivalent to the entire built floor area of North America today. Around 80% of this floor area growth is expected to be in emerging market and developing economies. </p><p>At the same time, to get on track with the NZE Scenario, the energy intensity of the buildings sector needs to decline nearly five times more quickly over the next decade than it has in the past decade. This means the energy consumed per square metre in 2030 must be around 35% less than in 2022. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="clean-energy-start-ups-8126841e-a9d9-11ef-8921-6045bd192725-content" id="clean-energy-start-ups-8126841e-a9d9-11ef-8921-6045bd192725"> Clean energy start-ups <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies increased in 2022 </p> </div> <div id="clean-energy-start-ups-8126841e-a9d9-11ef-8921-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="clean-energy-start-ups-8126841e-a9d9-11ef-8921-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies increased in 2022 </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>In 2022 venture capital (VC) investment increased across the energy sector, providing support to entrepreneurs and acting as an important complement to R&D budgets allocated by governments and companies. In buildings, early-stage VC, which typically supports new companies developing less mature technologies, more than tripled. Growth-stage VC, which enables more mature companies to scale up and improve market uptake, was up 70% relative to 2021. </p><p>Among early-stage start-ups, construction and renovation (nearly 40%) and energy management and control systems (33%) were the top areas for buildings VC investments in 2022. There was strong growth in heating and cooling technologies: early-stage VC in this area jumped from USD 15 million in 2021 to over USD 100 million in 2022. By comparison, there was close to zero growth-stage VC investment in heating and cooling – nearly 70% of these being concentrated in construction and renovation and another 25% in energy management and control systems.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:2"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts--multiple m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="early-stage-venture-capital-investment-in-clean-energy-start-ups-developing-buildings-technologies-2010-2022" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Building energy management systems, control systems and demand response;Building design, construction and renovation;Cooking and appliances;Heating and cooling;Lighting 2010;21.3;24.3;0.5;28.8;54.6 2011;31.5;14.1;2.4;6.7;41.4 2012;19.4;41.4;0;10.9;43.8 2013;43.8;27.3;0;4.8;29.2 2014;33.3;25.7;0;7.8;15.2 2015;15.8;27;0;7.1;33.6 2016;38.2;28.2;3.5;25;6.1 2017;25.7;14.1;0;19.4;33.5 2018;17.5;38.3;0;2;4.5 2019;58;53.7;0;51;5.4 2020;47.8;42.6;0;13.6;2.6 2021;54.8;50;0;14.7;7.3 2022;126.7;142.5;0;109.5;5.1" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"numeric\" } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="million USD (2022)" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Early-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies, 2010-2022</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/early-stage-venture-capital-investment-in-clean-energy-start-ups-developing-buildings-technologies-2010-2022" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Early-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies, 2010-2022' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="growth-stage-venture-capital-investment-in-clean-energy-start-ups-developing-buildings-technologies-2010-2022" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Building energy management systems, control systems and demand response;Building design, construction and renovation;Cooking and appliances;Heating and cooling;Lighting 2010;0.06;0.28;0.00;0.01;0.35 2011;0.04;0.11;0.00;0.00;0.45 2012;0.03;0.19;0.00;0.01;0.17 2013;0.06;0.21;0.00;0.02;0.12 2014;0.12;0.22;0.00;0.00;0.28 2015;0.03;0.26;0.01;0.00;0.07 2016;0.13;0.01;0.00;0.00;0.07 2017;0.07;0.42;0.00;0.01;0.14 2018;0.36;1.39;0.00;0.04;0.02 2019;0.03;0.13;0.00;0.01;0.05 2020;0.11;0.23;0.00;0.00;0.00 2021;0.09;0.49;0.00;0.01;0.04 2022;0.28;0.72;0.00;0.04;0.03" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="2" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"numeric\" } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="billion USD (2022)" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Growth-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies, 2010-2022</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/growth-stage-venture-capital-investment-in-clean-energy-start-ups-developing-buildings-technologies-2010-2022" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Growth-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups developing buildings technologies, 2010-2022' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:relatedLink"> <div class="m-block m-block--links"> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-block__links-highlight"> <p class="m-block__links-description f-body">For more information</p> <ul class="m-block__links"> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/etp-clean-energy-technology-guide?selectedSector=Buildings" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Explore the IEA's Clean Energy Technology Guide</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="supporting-infrastructure-812692ce-a9d9-11ef-9cba-6045bd192725-content" id="supporting-infrastructure-812692ce-a9d9-11ef-9cba-6045bd192725"> Supporting infrastructure <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">The deployment of zero-carbon-ready buildings requires co-ordination with infrastructure and device deployment </p> </div> <div id="supporting-infrastructure-812692ce-a9d9-11ef-9cba-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="supporting-infrastructure-812692ce-a9d9-11ef-9cba-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>The deployment of zero-carbon-ready buildings requires co-ordination with infrastructure and device deployment </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>The feasibility and optimality of clean technology use in buildings relies on various elements of enabling infrastructure. These include distribution systems within buildings for ventilation and/or water, <a href="https://www.iea-dhc.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">district energy networks</a> for heating and cooling, <a href="https://iea-es.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">electric and thermal storage devices</a>, integrated control systems, and electric vehicle chargers.  </p><p>Buildings equipped with digital technologies for demand-side response, such as smart thermostats and on-site renewable energy generation and storage, can interact with the power grid to limit spikes in energy demand that are costly to consumers and taxing for transmission grids. Efforts to make sure buildings strategies are compatible with future development of the electricity grid and other relevant infrastructure are critical to get on track with NZE Scenario milestones. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="policy-812f058a-a9d9-11ef-9350-6045bd192725-content" id="policy-812f058a-a9d9-11ef-9350-6045bd192725"> Policy <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Energy efficiency and clean buildings policies continue to expand, but gaps remain </p> </div> <div id="policy-812f058a-a9d9-11ef-9350-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="policy-812f058a-a9d9-11ef-9350-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Energy efficiency and clean buildings policies continue to expand, but gaps remain </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Several countries have strengthened regulations mandating net zero or zero-carbon-ready buildings in recent years: </p><ul><li>The <strong>United States’</strong> <a href="https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Inflation Reduction Act</a> of 2022 introduced tax credits for home energy assessments, insulation, installation of heat pumps, solar panels and heaters, and battery storage. Tax credits incentivise the construction and sale of more energy-efficient homes.  </li><li>The <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/british-energy-security-strategy/british-energy-security-strategy" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>United Kingdom</strong>'s Energy Security Strategy in 2022</a> aims to improve the efficiency of homes. In addition, a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/social-housing-decarbonisation-fund-wave-2" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund</a> was introduced to reduce reliance on gas in homes. </li><li><strong>Ireland</strong> has allocated <a href="https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/19ec4-department-of-the-environment-climate-and-communications-drives-major-package-of-supports-to-protect-families-households-and-businesses-including-600-electricity-credit-to-immediately-help-with-energy-bills-this-winter/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">substantial state funding towards</a> grants for home insulation, particularly for households in energy poverty. </li><li><strong>Türkiye</strong> <a href="https://ieefa.org/articles/turkey-impose-new-energy-efficiency-regulations-buildings" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">tightened regulations in 2023</a> to require all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy, with thicker insulation and at least 5% of demand met by renewable energy sources. </li><li>In 2022,<strong> India</strong> introduced <a href="https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-energy-conservation-amendment-bill-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">an energy conservation code</a> for commercial and residential buildings that requires the use of renewable energy. </li><li>In 2023,<strong> Japan</strong> added energy reduction and insulation requirements to the <a href="https://www.jhf.go.jp/files/400348582.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Flat 35 home loan mortgage scheme</a>. Lower interest rates are available for zero-energy homes. </li><li><strong>Korea</strong> launched in <a href="http://koreabizwire.com/s-korea-to-launch-energy-cashback-pilot-program-in-three-cities/209827" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">2022 the “Energy Cashback” pilot programme</a> that incentivises households to reduce energy consumption. </li><li>With the <a href="https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/suppliers/knauf-insulation/building-energy-efficient-homes-to-meet-ncc-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">2022 National Construction Code</a>, <strong>Australia</strong> strengthened energy efficiency requirements for new homes and apartments for the first time in a decade. <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:relatedLink"> <div class="m-block m-block--links"> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-block__links-highlight"> <p class="m-block__links-description f-body">View all buildings policies</p> <ul class="m-block__links"> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/policies?q=buildings" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Policies and Measures database (PAMS)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="investment-813420ce-a9d9-11ef-9607-6045bd192725-content" id="investment-813420ce-a9d9-11ef-9607-6045bd192725"> Investment <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Investment in energy efficiency and clean technologies in the buildings sector has increased, but still falls far short of levels needed in the NZE Scenario </p> </div> <div id="investment-813420ce-a9d9-11ef-9607-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="investment-813420ce-a9d9-11ef-9607-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Investment in energy efficiency and clean technologies in the buildings sector has increased, but still falls far short of levels needed in the NZE Scenario </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="annual-investment-in-energy-efficiency-in-the-buildings-sector-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2017-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Europe;United States;China;Other;World 0;80.0;28.0;22.0;32.0;0.0 1;76.0;27.5;15.0;21.0;0.0 2;73.0;28.0;24.0;33.0;0.0 3;91.3;35.3;28.3;41.8;0.0 4;123.1;28.5;28.3;43.7;0.0 5;151.0;27.6;22.4;54.0;0.0 6;134.3;32.3;22.7;54.4;0.0 7;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0 8;0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0;573.7" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="1" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"categories\": [\"2017\", \"2018\", \"2019\", \"2020\", \"2021\", \"2022\", \"2023\", \"\", \"2026-2030 NZE\"] }, \"yAxis\": { \"max\": 600 } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="billion USD (2022)" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Annual investment in energy efficiency in the buildings sector in the Net Zero Scenario, 2017-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/annual-investment-in-energy-efficiency-in-the-buildings-sector-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2017-2030-2" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Annual investment in energy efficiency in the buildings sector in the Net Zero Scenario, 2017-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Investment in energy efficiency in buildings increased by about 14% to over USD 250 billion in 2022, continuing the rapid growth of the past few years. Maintaining similar progress of at least 11% year-on-year growth could put the sector on track to reach 2030 annual investment levels needed in the NZE Scenario.  </p><p>The increase in efficiency investment in 2022 was the result of continued spending in major markets including the United States, Germany and Italy. The Russian invasion of Ukraine also spurred the broader Europe region to use energy efficiency as a tool to ensure energy security, and the US Inflation Reduction Act is already having an effect. Meanwhile, spending decreased in China alongside a 10% reduction in construction sector investment, which also slowed the delivery of buildings meeting Chinese green building standards. </p><p>Early signals suggest that a major slowdown can be expected in 2023. Increased geopolitical uncertainty surrounding the length of the conflict in Ukraine combined with adverse global economic trends, including high inflation and stringent monetary policies, are expected to slow construction and energy efficiency spending. This is compounded by the end of a subsidy cycle in many markets, including in China and Europe. Such a setback may prevent the sector from reaching its end-of-the-decade target in the NZE Scenario, which calls for investment to more than double.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="international-collaboration-81342f6a-a9d9-11ef-b3b5-6045bd192725-content" id="international-collaboration-81342f6a-a9d9-11ef-b3b5-6045bd192725"> International collaboration <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">International collaboration is critical to catalyse global action to decarbonise built environments and strengthen value chains for clean buildings technologies </p> </div> <div id="international-collaboration-81342f6a-a9d9-11ef-b3b5-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="international-collaboration-81342f6a-a9d9-11ef-b3b5-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>International collaboration is critical to catalyse global action to decarbonise built environments and strengthen value chains for clean buildings technologies </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>While construction remains a relatively localised industry, value chains for building materials, appliances, and equipment are increasingly globalised. International collaboration and alignment can support countries that have limited institutional capacity to design and enforce buildings policies and encourage private sector actors to better align their buildings products with net zero objectives. In recent years: </p><ul><li>COP27 included a call for all countries to join the <a href="https://globalabc.org/news/call-buildings-breakthrough-rallying-point" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Buildings Breakthrough</a>. Over 16 countries and 13 initiatives or foundations have expressed support for the joint vision of making near-zero emission and climate-resilient buildings the new normal by 2030. </li><li>The <a href="https://www.clasp.ngo/updates/sead-initiative-launches-product-efficiency-call-to-action-in-the-lead-up-to-cop26/#:~:text=For%20Our%20Newsletter-,SEAD%20Initiative%20Launches%20Product%20Efficiency%20Call%20to%20Action%20Ahead%20of,global%20energy%20consumption%20by%202030." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Product Efficiency Call to Action</a> was launched by the <a href="https://superefficient.org/about-us/what-is-the-sead-initiative" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">SEAD Initiative</a> in the lead-up to COP26 with the goal of doubling the efficiency of sales of four key products – air conditioners, refrigerators, motors and lighting – by 2030. </li><li>The <a href="https://www.cleancoolingcollaborative.org/#:~:text=The%20Clean%20Cooling%20Collaborative%20is,in%20a%20rapidly%20warming%20world." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Clean Cooling Collaborative</a>, a philanthropic initiative of ClimateWorks Foundation, was launched in 2017 to make cooling more sustainable and accessible. </li><li>The Clean Heat Forum, an initiative launched under the <a href="https://globalabc.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction</a> in 2021, aims to accelerate transformation for buildings’ heating decarbonisation across countries.  </li></ul><p>The <a href="https://globalabc.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction</a>, the <a href="https://www.worldgbc.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">World Green Building Council</a> and the <a href="https://www.gbpn.org/our-story/%22%20/l%20%22about" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global Buildings Performance Network,</a> among others, are key initiatives to catalyse buildings’ decarbonisation on an international scale. Other examples of governments and broader stakeholder groups sharing knowledge and best practice include the <a href="https://www.iea.org/areas-of-work/technology-collaboration" rel="noopener noreferrer">IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes</a> and the <a href="https://www.iea.org/areas-of-work/international-collaborations/energy-efficiency-hub" rel="noopener noreferrer">Energy Efficiency Hub</a>, which recently launched the <a href="https://energyefficiencyhub.org/task-groups/eeb/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Energy Efficiency in Buildings</a> Task Group. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="private-sector-strategies-81343910-a9d9-11ef-9bfb-6045bd192725-content" id="private-sector-strategies-81343910-a9d9-11ef-9bfb-6045bd192725"> Private sector strategies <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">An increasing number of companies are targeting low-carbon constructions </p> </div> <div id="private-sector-strategies-81343910-a9d9-11ef-9bfb-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="private-sector-strategies-81343910-a9d9-11ef-9bfb-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>An increasing number of companies are targeting low-carbon constructions </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>The buildings sector can contribute to achieving net zero emissions at the system level by tackling embodied emissions associated with building construction, equipment and materials. Several construction companies and equipment manufacturers are developing <a href="https://racetozero.unfccc.int/join-the-race/whos-in/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">robust decarbonisation plans</a>, pledging to use <a href="https://www.wbcsd.org/Pathways/Built-Environment/News/17-major-concrete-consuming-businesses-pledge-to-use-100-net-zero-concrete-by-2050" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">100% net zero concrete</a>, <a href="https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/7f8aed40-89af-4348-be19-c8a67df0b9ea/Energy_Technology_Perspectives_2020_PDF.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">implement material efficiency strategies</a>, and <a href="https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/It%E2%80%99s-time-for-construction-to-embrace-the-circular-economy.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">reuse and recycle materials</a>. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-energy-recommendations container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue m-section-title--no-spacing m-section-title--y-center" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Recommendations </h2> </header> <ol class="m-energy-recommendations__list"> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-469"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">1</span> Implement zero-carbon-ready building standards for new and existing buildings, establish enforcement and compliance procedures <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-469" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Building energy codes are an essential policy tool for improving buildings performance. Adapting energy codes to include metrics for life cycle emissions and resiliency requirements is fundamental to reflect evolving needs for decarbonising buildings and improving building performance, comfort, and resilience. Regulations can also require that new buildings be “demand-response ready” to enable future flexibility. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-877"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">2</span> Introduce supporting information instruments and incentives to drive implementation of the regulations <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-877" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Building energy performance certificate schemes or disclosure programmes can enhance compliance with building codes by publicising important data about buildings’ energy efficiency and informing consumer choices. Award and recognition programmes can further encourage low-carbon constructions. </p><p>Expedited administrative permitting procedures privileging high-performing new builds or retrofit projects can incentivise the implementation of efficiency measures. Enforcement, monitoring and compliance practices should be streamlined to reduce the bureaucratic burden on buildings stakeholders. Clear guidance for the accounting and reporting of buildings performance indicators is essential.  </p><p>Policy makers should also introduce and strengthen product standards to accelerate the shift towards best-in-class appliances and equipment. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-667"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">3</span> Set clear and measurable targets to drive the market transformation towards high-performing buildings <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-667" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Setting mandatory targets towards zero-carbon-ready buildings fosters market growth and facilitates long-term investment decisions. Targets can include renewable penetration quota, fossil fuel bans, and target renovation rates to foster market growth and facilitate long-term investment decisions.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-153"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">4</span> Stimulate financing and market mechanisms to increase the affordability of best-in-class products <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-153" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Financing and market mechanisms are needed to accelerate the clean energy transition. Governments can enact policy interventions to improve access to financing and de-risk clean energy investment to enhance the attractiveness of buildings sector investment. They can also broaden the availability of market-based instruments that reduce barriers to the transition, for example via means-tested subsidies for household to retrofits or weatherisation, or installation of lower-carbon and more efficient appliances and equipment.  </p><p>Public competitions to stimulate innovation, such as the <a href="https://www.herox.com/BuildingsUP" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Buildings Upgrade Prize</a> developed by the US Department of Energy Building Technologies Office, can support the development and scaling of innovative concepts through cash prizes and technical support. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-346"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">5</span> Deliver public awareness campaigns encouraging behavioural changes <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-346" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Public awareness campaigns can be used to disseminate <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/behavioural-changes" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">behavioural insights</a> and encourage collective action, such as thermostat adjustments or other low-cost actions. Campaigns rolled out across the European Union during the 2022 energy crisis provide an example that future policies could draw from.  <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-790"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">6</span> Financial instruments can motivate consumers and developers to increase investment in energy-efficient solutions <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-790" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Financial instruments to unlock additional financing for zero-carbon-ready buildings and products can encourage clean investment among building owners and occupants. Via green mortgages, for example, a bank can offer preferential access to finance, such as discounted interest rates for buildings construction or products meeting certain efficiency and sustainability criteria. Green mortgages have been offered in the <a href="https://www.greenfinanceinstitute.co.uk/programmes/ceeb/green-mortgages/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="https://www.commbank.com.au/articles/newsroom/2022/04/CBA-Green-Home-Offer.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Australia</a>. </p><p>New business models are critical for reaching all market segments, in particular business models that reduce the upfront capital cost associated with the most energy-efficient and low-carbon buildings technologies. Solutions such as <a href="https://thermafy.com/2020/03/30/what-is-heat-as-a-service/%22%20/l%20%22:~:text=The%20Heat%20as%20a%20Service%20(HaaS)%20Model&text=The%20customer%20pays%20for%20the,keeps%20them%20warm%20and%20comfortable." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">heating-as-a-service</a>, <a href="https://www.climatefinancelab.org/project/cooling-service/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">cooling-as-a-service</a>, and <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/slsc/bill-financing-and-repayment-programs" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">on-bill</a> and <a href="https://united4efficiency.org/ecofridges-green-on-wage-financial-mechanism-launched-in-ghana-by-the-energy-commission-unep-and-base-to-make-environmentally-friendly-cooling-products-more-affordable/%22%20/l%20%22:~:text=Through%20ECOFRIDGES%20GO%2C%20local%20financial,replacement%20of%20old%20existing%20equipment." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">on-wage</a> financing have proven successful in several markets. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-506"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">7</span> Set long-term decarbonisation plans and net zero pledges <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-506" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Developing long-term company targets and implementation strategies for net zero emissions will allow decision makers to define and plan the necessary short-term actions to achieve longer-term goals, as well as to track progress over time. Such a strategy will help companies meet the growing demand for whole life cycle low-carbon products. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ol> <div class="m-energy-recommendations__footer"> <p class="f-ui-1 ">Last update on 11 July 2023</p> <a class="a-link a-link--tertiary " href="#" data-focus-tabbed data-behavior='modal' data-modal='recommendations-authors' role='button' > <span class="a-link__label">Authors and contributors</span></a> </div> </section> </div> <div id="programmes" data-tab-anchor="programmes"> <div class="container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Programmes and partnerships </h2> </header> <div class="m-slider m-slider--mobile-nav m-slider--program" data-behavior="slider" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="m-slider__item"> <a href="/programmes/technology-collaboration-programme" class="m-card-program"> <h3 class="m-card-program__title f-title-9">Technology Collaboration Programme</h3> <p class="m-card-program__desc f-ui-1">Advancing the research, development and commercialisation of energy technologies</p> <span class="m-card-program__tag f-ui-3">Technology Collaboration Programme</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__section"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-must-read-report container m-must-read-report--report "> <div class="m-must-read-report__content"> <div class="m-must-read-report__col"> <h3 class="m-must-read-report__title">Technology and Innovation Pathways for Zero-carbon-ready Buildings by 2030</h3> <p class="m-must-read-report__desc"> This report provides the strategic vision of experts from the IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCPs) on how to help achieve some of the most impactful short-term milestones for the buildings sector outlined in the IEA’s Net Zero by 2050 Roadmap.</p> <div class="m-must-read-report__link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--weak a-button-rounded--overlay" href="/reports/technology-and-innovation-pathways-for-zero-carbon-ready-buildings-by-2030" data-focus-tabbed > <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--show-password icon--24"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--show-password"></use></svg></span> <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Read more</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="m-must-read-report__col-report"> <div class="m-must-read-report__report"> <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/technology-and-innovation-pathways-for-zero-carbon-ready-buildings-by-2030" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Technology and Innovation Pathways for Zero-carbon-ready Buildings by 2030</h2> 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348w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=947 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="TCEP" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Assessing critical energy technologies for global clean energy transitions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — July 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/there-s-more-to-buildings-than-meets-the-eye-they-hold-a-key-to-net-zero-emissions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">There’s more to buildings than meets the eye: They hold a key to net zero emissions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c5570c22-9b67-4404-b6d8-555df2c43ec7/KseniaPetrichenko.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=135%2C0%2C718%2C719&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Ksenia Petrichenko" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 15 February 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2023" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=348&h=473&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=784 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=441 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=882 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/e497e5d1-6811-45e5-8492-7e5aff4bf3b5/GettyImages-1310488699.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2819%2C0%2C2940%2C4000&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=947 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 cover photo of multicolored swirls on a navy background" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2023</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — January 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2022" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2022</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — December 2022 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Cover Of Energy Efficiency 2022 A Photo Of The Eiffel Tower At Dusk" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/technology-and-innovation-pathways-for-zero-carbon-ready-buildings-by-2030" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Technology and Innovation Pathways for Zero-carbon-ready Buildings by 2030</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">A strategic vision from the IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — September 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/energy-market-authority-of-singapore-and-iea-jointly-host-training-programme-on-efficient-grid-interactive-buildings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Market Authority of Singapore and IEA jointly host training programme on efficient grid-interactive buildings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 05 July 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/roadmap-for-energy-efficient-buildings-and-construction-in-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Roadmap for Energy-Efficient Buildings and Construction in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Timelines and actions towards net zero-carbon buildings and construction</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Default report — April 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2021" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2021</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — November 2021 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Shutterstock 559826938" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-country m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficient-buildings-in-armenia-a-roadmap" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficient Buildings in Armenia: A Roadmap</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Insights and pathways for better buildings in Armenia, 2020-2040</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Country report — October 2020 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/bfb36142-969b-4376-bba3-bd45a4a301cd/EnergyefficientbuildingsforArmeniaaroadpmapcover.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1340%2C893%2C4420%2C2947&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Energy Efficient Buildings For Armenia A Roadpmap Cover. An aerial view of Armenian buildings." class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-and-tsinghua-university-hold-6th-joint-workshop-on-sustainable-recovery-of-the-buildings-sector" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA and Tsinghua University hold 6th joint workshop on Sustainable Recovery of the Buildings Sector</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 09 October 2020 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Screen Capture News" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2020" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3a5b4cc8-ae90-46e5-8a22-0d0ce662f3b4/etp-20202-website-image.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3048%2C0%2C3275%2C4444&w=348&h=472&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3a5b4cc8-ae90-46e5-8a22-0d0ce662f3b4/etp-20202-website-image.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3048%2C0%2C3275%2C4444&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=391 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/3a5b4cc8-ae90-46e5-8a22-0d0ce662f3b4/etp-20202-website-image.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3048%2C0%2C3275%2C4444&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=782 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/3a5b4cc8-ae90-46e5-8a22-0d0ce662f3b4/etp-20202-website-image.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3048%2C0%2C3275%2C4444&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=440 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