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Thus a good will appears to constitute the indispensable condition even of being worthy of happiness.","publication_date":"1996,1,1","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"30925999"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2722845]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":30925999,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30925999/mini_magick20190426-19414-3gdkqt.png?1556303743" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2722845" href="https://canterbury.academia.edu/EyatriceNubianMBayo"><img alt="Profile image of Eyatrice-Nubian M'Bayo" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2722845/877618/1095739/s65_eyatrice-nubian.m_bayo.jpg" />Eyatrice-Nubian M'Bayo</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1996</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">100 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 2087334; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will. Intelligence, wit, judgement, and the other talents of the mind, however they may be named, or courage, resolution, perseverance, as qualities of temperament, are undoubtedly good and desirable in many respects; but these gifts of nature may also become extremely bad and mischievous if the will which is to make use of them, and which, therefore, constitutes what is called character, is not good. It is the same with the gifts of fortune. Power, riches, honour, even health, and the general well-being and contentment with one's condition which is called happiness, inspire pride, and often presumption, if there is not a good will to correct the influence of these on the mind, and with this also to rectify the whole principle of acting and adapt it to its end. The sight of a being who is not adorned with a single feature of a pure and good will, enjoying unbroken prosperity, can never give pleasure to an impartial rational spectator. Thus a good will appears to constitute the indispensable condition even of being worthy of happiness.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":30925999,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/2087334/Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":30925999,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/2087334/Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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(1:5:162) For Kant our existence is divided into two: The first implies our place in the world of sense and extension. The second points to the invisible self – our personality, which we meet during understanding because the world is not contingent but universal and necessary. The second raises our worth as intelligent beings with personality, to the moral law revealing a life independent of animality. (1:5:163) The questions of freedom and our ability to be responsible agents will be considered in relation to Kant´s work Critique of practical reason.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Only the Good Will has Moral Worth - Our interests are often in opposition to our duties and therefore in conflict - A short essay on Kant´s concept of the moral law","attachmentId":88646737,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83230492/Only_the_Good_Will_has_Moral_Worth_Our_interests_are_often_in_opposition_to_our_duties_and_therefore_in_conflict_A_short_essay_on_Kant_s_concept_of_the_moral_law","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83230492/Only_the_Good_Will_has_Moral_Worth_Our_interests_are_often_in_opposition_to_our_duties_and_therefore_in_conflict_A_short_essay_on_Kant_s_concept_of_the_moral_law"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="32780910" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32780910/THE_RELATION_OF_MORAL_WORTH_TO_THE_GOOD_WILL_IN_KANTS_ETHICS">THE RELATION OF MORAL WORTH TO THE GOOD WILL IN KANT'S ETHICS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="930066" href="https://ttu.academia.edu/WalterSchaller">Walter Schaller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although Kant introduces the idea of a good will in the first sentence of the GROUNDWORK OF THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS, 1 he does not (at least at that point) offer a clear definition of this concept. Many readers, influenced perhaps by the fact that this discussion is followed by an account of the moral worth of actions (or maxims), have been led to posit a straightforward connection between the two concepts: a good will (which is a property or characteristic of persons) consists in performing morally good actions, i.e., in acting from the motive of duty. 2 Thus, according to H.J. Paton, Under human conditions a good will is one which acts for the sake of duty, and only the actions in which such a will is manifested have moral worth. 3 Lewis White Beck draws the same conclusion: An action having this motive [i.e., respect] is moral, and a being which acts from this motive has a good will. 4 I shall argue that the account offered by Paton and Beck (which I shall call the Traditional View) misrepresents the connection between the moral worth of actions and the good will of persons. To arrive at the proper understanding of this relation, the following three questions must be considered. (1) Does a good will consist simply in acting from the motive of duty? Do people have a good will just because they fulfill their duties from the motive of duty? (2) Does acting from duty presuppose that one has a good will? (3) Does the fact that one has a good will entail that all of one's duty-fulfilling actions have moral worth, even if they are not (directly) motivated by duty? Briefly stated, I shall argue that while it is true that only persons with a good will are capable of acting from the motive of duty (Section II), it does not follow either that a good will consists in acting from duty (Section I) or that if one has a good will, all of one's dutiful actions will be (or must be) motivated by duty and have moral worth (Sections III-V). In order to allow for the possibility of frailty or weakness of the will (as well as of impurity), the good will should be conceived of as a second-order disposition, that is, as the unconditional willingness to do what is morally required (and to omit what is morally prohibited), whereas the moral worth of actions is a function of the agent's first-order maxims.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE RELATION OF MORAL WORTH TO THE GOOD WILL IN KANT'S ETHICS","attachmentId":52933981,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32780910/THE_RELATION_OF_MORAL_WORTH_TO_THE_GOOD_WILL_IN_KANTS_ETHICS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32780910/THE_RELATION_OF_MORAL_WORTH_TO_THE_GOOD_WILL_IN_KANTS_ETHICS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="71061017" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71061017/Kants_Ethical_Philosophy_and_its_Powerful_Implications">Kant's Ethical Philosophy and its Powerful Implications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122264110" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TripathyBalabhadra">Balabhadra Tripathy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction Kant"s Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals was published in 1785. It is in fact a preliminary section of his philosophy, directed to the discovery of the supreme principle of morality. The Critique of Practical Reason was published in 1788. This is a full-scale examination of the practical activity of reason. Taken together with the Groundwork, it represents the most abstract side of Kant"s ethics. Kant"s Religion within the Bounds of Reason Alone was published in 1793. The relevant sections of this contain an account of the evil principle in man and a discussion of the relations between morality, religion and theology. The Metaphysic of Morals was published in 1797. This is a systematic working-out in their application to human beings of the rational principles of morality laid down in the Groundwork and the Critique of Practical Reason. This paper mainly focuses on Kant"s primary ethical principles as laid down in Groundwork. In Groundwork Kant argues that every person is worthy of respect as a rational being, capable of reason and capable of acting and choosing freely. Kant does not mean that we always succeed in acting rationally. Sometimes we do and sometimes we don"t. He means that we have the capacity for reason and for freedom and that capacity is common to human beings as such. When reason governs our will, we are not driven by the desire to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Our capacity for reason makes us distinctive and sets us apart from mere animal existence. It makes us more than mere creatures of appetite. Discussion According to Kant, the moral worth of an action consists not in the consequences that flow from it, but the intention from which the act is done. What matters is the motive. What matters is doing the right thing because it is right not for some ulterior motive. Kant writes, "A good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes.... Even if... the power is completely lacking in power to carry out its intentions; if by its utmost effort it still accomplishes nothing... even then it would still shine like a jewel for its own sake as something which has its full value in itself"(Sandal 111).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant's Ethical Philosophy and its Powerful Implications","attachmentId":80565793,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71061017/Kants_Ethical_Philosophy_and_its_Powerful_Implications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71061017/Kants_Ethical_Philosophy_and_its_Powerful_Implications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="29393688" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29393688/Living_Wrong_Life_Rightly_Kant_avec_Marx">Living Wrong Life Rightly: Kant avec Marx</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31897652" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/BenWare">Ben Ware</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Living Wrong Life Rightly: Kant avec Marx","attachmentId":49834505,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29393688/Living_Wrong_Life_Rightly_Kant_avec_Marx","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29393688/Living_Wrong_Life_Rightly_Kant_avec_Marx"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="76402253" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76402253/Kant_s_Metaphysics_of_Morals_as_guidance_in_a_morally_and_legally_complex_world">Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals as guidance in a morally and legally complex world</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15759006" href="https://ufsc.academia.edu/AlessandroPinzani">Alessandro Pinzani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals as guidance in a morally and legally complex world","attachmentId":84121858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76402253/Kant_s_Metaphysics_of_Morals_as_guidance_in_a_morally_and_legally_complex_world","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76402253/Kant_s_Metaphysics_of_Morals_as_guidance_in_a_morally_and_legally_complex_world"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="91577025" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91577025/Kant_s_Theory_of_Value">Kant’s Theory of Value</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30341545" href="https://ufpel.academia.edu/RobinsonDosSantos">Robinson Dos Santos</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant’s Theory of Value","attachmentId":94826587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91577025/Kant_s_Theory_of_Value","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91577025/Kant_s_Theory_of_Value"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="21107211" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21107211/Kant_on_Good_the_Good_and_the_Duty_to_Promote_the_Highest_Good">Kant on ‘Good’, the Good, and the Duty to Promote the Highest Good</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1619657" href="https://rug.academia.edu/PaulineKleingeld">Pauline Kleingeld</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many regard Kant’s account of the highest good as a failure. His inclusion of happiness in the highest good, in combination with his claim that it is a duty to promote the highest good, is widely seen as inconsistent. In this essay, I argue that there is a valid argument, based on premises Kant clearly endorses, in defense of his thesis that it is a duty to promote the highest good. I first examine why Kant includes happiness in the highest good at all. On the basis of a discussion of Kant's distinction between 'good' and 'pleasant', and in light of his methodological comments in the second chapter of the Critique of Practical Reason, I explain how Kant’s conception of the good informs his conception of the highest good. I then argue that Kant's inclusion of happiness in the highest good is best understood in light of his claim that it is a duty to promote the happiness of others. In the final section, I reconstruct Kant’s argument for the claim that it is a duty to promote the highest good and explain in what sense this duty goes beyond observance of the Categorical Imperative.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant on ‘Good’, the Good, and the Duty to Promote the Highest Good","attachmentId":54404137,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21107211/Kant_on_Good_the_Good_and_the_Duty_to_Promote_the_Highest_Good","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21107211/Kant_on_Good_the_Good_and_the_Duty_to_Promote_the_Highest_Good"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="87463098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87463098/Kant_s_Conception_of_Moral_Strength">Kant’s Conception of Moral Strength</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2003027" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarijanaVujosevicPhD">Marijana Vujosevic, PhD</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Most scholars assume that Kantian moral strength is needed only when it comes to following maxims. However, accounts based on this assumption can be challenged by Kant’s claim that virtue, as moral strength of the human will, can never become a habit because its maxims must be freely adopted in new situations. Even some accounts that are not based on this assumption fail to meet this challenge. By drawing on my interpretation of the Kantian capacity for self-control, I propose a twofold account of moral strength that can accommodate Kant’s point that maxims of virtue must always be freely adopted.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant’s Conception of Moral Strength","attachmentId":91664081,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87463098/Kant_s_Conception_of_Moral_Strength","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87463098/Kant_s_Conception_of_Moral_Strength"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="61603320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61603320/Kant_on_the_endless_struggle_against_evil_in_the_pursuit_of_moral_perfection_and_the_promotion_of_the_happiness_of_others_Challenges_for_education">Kant on the endless struggle against evil in the pursuit of moral perfection and the promotion of the happiness of others—Challenges for education</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56662508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KlasRoth">Klas Roth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Educational Philosophy and Theory</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Kant argues that we have a duty to perfect ourselves morally and promote the happiness of others. He also argues that we have an innate propensity to evil. Our duty to perfect ourselves suggests that we struggle with our innate propensity to wilfully deviate from doing our duty. And we do this when we struggle against the depravation of our heart, namely our propensity to reverse 'the ethical order as regards the incentives of a free power of choice', namely, our propensity to wilfully comply with the principle of self-love and override the moral law. It seems, however, that education does not enable those concerned to fulfil their duties. It seems, instead, that education basically makes them efficacious with regard to desired ends and with the devised means. It seems, too, that education does not necessarily make it possible for those concerned with duty to perfect themselves morally and help others to do the same, which in turn suggests that those concerned are not being enabled to make themselves 'as conscientious as possible in [their] moral self-examination'. I argue that education ought to enable those concerned to cultivate their moral strength to do so and enable others to do the same.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant on the endless struggle against evil in the pursuit of moral perfection and the promotion of the happiness of others—Challenges for education","attachmentId":74585444,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61603320/Kant_on_the_endless_struggle_against_evil_in_the_pursuit_of_moral_perfection_and_the_promotion_of_the_happiness_of_others_Challenges_for_education","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61603320/Kant_on_the_endless_struggle_against_evil_in_the_pursuit_of_moral_perfection_and_the_promotion_of_the_happiness_of_others_Challenges_for_education"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="122529532" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122529532/Review_Of_The_Will_At_The_Crossroads_A_Reconstruction_Of_Kants_Moral_Philosophy_By_J_G_Cox">Review Of "The Will At The Crossroads: A Reconstruction Of Kant's Moral Philosophy" By J. G. Cox</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4943735" href="https://swarthmore.academia.edu/HOberdiek">Hans Oberdiek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review Of \"The Will At The Crossroads: A Reconstruction Of Kant's Moral Philosophy\" By J. G. 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36739719/Kant_on_Moral_Feelings_Moral_Desires_and_the_Cultivation_of_Virtue">Kant on Moral Feelings, Moral Desires and the Cultivation of Virtue</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="79083" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AlixCohen">Alix Cohen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kant on Moral Feelings, Moral Desires and the Cultivation of Virtue","attachmentId":56682927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36739719/Kant_on_Moral_Feelings_Moral_Desires_and_the_Cultivation_of_Virtue","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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