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リオ+20:人権保護を盛り込んだ持続可能な開発を | Human Rights Watch
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(ニューヨーク)-間もなく開催されるリオ+20は、持続可能な開発と人権を有意義に結びつける一世一代の機会である、とアムネスティ・インターナショナルとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは本日、環境大臣及び外務大臣らが集まるリオ+20の会議に向けた共同声明で述べた。 2012年6月20日から22日まで、リオデジャネイロで開催される「国連持続可能な開発会議(リオ+20)」に、各国首脳、政府高官、NGOなどが集まる予定だ。"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130406021218cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?J"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130406021218cs_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css_6c83f747c843d88cab2c29d54662b761_0.css"/> <!--[if lt IE 7]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/all/themes/hrw/ie.css?J" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/all/themes/hrw/ie7.css?J" /> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130406021218js_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js_a0facbb2f662de846459c37900f3f845_0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- 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class="node-subtitle">“グリーン経済”の必要性に対応すべく 世界リーダーが集結</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2012年06月12日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2F20&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%EF%BC%8B20%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%A8%A9%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E3%82%92%E7%9B%9B%E3%82%8A%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E6%8C%81%E7%B6%9A%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E3%81%AA%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E3%82%92&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2F20" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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<div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/Riophoto1.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>National flags flutter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which is hosting the 20+ UN Conference on Sustainable Development, on June 11, 2012.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/Riophoto1.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/120608 AI HRW joint statement_final_1.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=231787" title="120608 AI HRW joint statement_final.pdf">Download Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch Joint Statement</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/18/ebrd-use-expansion-promote-rights">EBRD: Use Expansion to Promote Rights</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">5月, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">ニュースリリース</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/12/amnesty-international-and-human-rights-watch-joint-statement-rio-20-un-conference-su">Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch Joint Statement on the Rio + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">6月, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Written statement</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> リオに集まる世界の指導者たちは、持続可能な開発は人権に根差しているということを明確にすべきだ。成果に関する新たな文書案が、明確に人権に言及していることは歓迎するが、謳われている人権の保護を保障するまでには至っていない。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> ヤン・エグランド、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの代表代理 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p> </p> <p align="left">(ニューヨーク)-間もなく開催されるリオ+20は、持続可能な開発と人権を有意義に結びつける一世一代の機会である、とアムネスティ・インターナショナルとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは本日、環境大臣及び外務大臣らが集まるリオ+20の会議に向けた<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/node/107935">共同声明</a>で述べた。</p> <p align="left">2012年6月20日から22日まで、リオデジャネイロで開催される「国連持続可能な開発会議(リオ+20)」に、各国首脳、政府高官、NGOなどが集まる予定だ。</p> <p align="left">1992年の「国連環境開発会議」では、リオ宣言や、環境と開発の広範囲にわたる問題に関する国際的・国家的・地域的な行動に向けた行動計画である「アジェンダ21」が採択された。そこで作成された公約の進展状況を確認するため、今回のリオ+20会議が開催される。</p> <p align="left">しかし、リオ宣言に従った国は殆どなく、環境問題に関しての進展は限られているのが実態だ。</p> <p align="left">ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの代表代理のヤン・エグランド(Jan Egeland)は「リオに集まる世界の指導者たちは、持続可能な開発は人権に根差しているということを明確にすべきだ」と語る。「成果に関する新たな文書案が、明確に人権に言及していることは歓迎するが、謳われている人権の保護を保障するまでには至っていない。」</p> <p align="left">人権保護の義務と原則を盛り込んでいない経済開発イニシアチブは、社会からの<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR70/001/2011/en">疎外</a>・<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/10/19/development-without-freedom-0">差別</a>・<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR39/004/2011/en">不公正</a>を深刻化させる危険がある。</p> <p align="left">開発の名の下で実施された<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/americas-development-must-not-trump-indigenous-rights-2011-08-05">インフラ事業</a>で発生した人権侵害や、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR01/001/2011/en">先住民</a>を長年住み慣れた土地から追い出した採取産業の活動、最貧困層の一部に<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/16/waiting-here-death">強制退去</a>をもたらした開発政策などを、アムネスティ・インターナショナルとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは調査・文書化してきた。</p> <p align="left">「アラブの春」がおきた今や、表現・結社・集会の自由や、情報と透明性の確保された手続きへの平等なアクセス、市民参加、持続可能な開発に対する社会的説明責任の重要性を否定することはもはやできない、とアムネスティ・インターナショナルとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは付け加える。</p> <p align="left">また、持続可能な開発においては、環境的な持続可能性と人権との間の関係性も認識すべきである。</p> <p align="left">人権監視機関や国際・地域・国内の各裁判所は、ますます、環境被害を人権侵害の原因として認定するようになってきた。そして、環境保護における国家の責任をしっかりと確立してきた。</p> <p align="left"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2011/12/06/poisonous-mix">採掘業</a>・<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2011/06/15/my-children-have-been-poisoned-0">工業生産</a>・<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/05/05/fields-peril-0">農業</a>の現場で、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/features/a-heavy-price">子ども</a>などの<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/06/23/kosovo-poisoned-lead">社会的弱者</a>が、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/27/global-mercury-reduction-treaty-protect-health-gold-miners">毒性化学物質</a>にさらされ健康への権利を侵害された事例をヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2011/02/01/gold-s-costly-dividend-0">調査・文書化</a>してきた。</p> <p align="left">アムネスティ・インターナショナルとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは、世界各国に以下の事項を求めた。</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 持続可能な開発にとって必要不可欠である、人権を尊重・保護・実現する国家のすべての法的義務を再確認する事</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 開発政策及び開発計画とその実施は、国家の人権保護義務に沿う必要があること、及び、技術援助・資金援助も人権保護義務に沿う必要があると再確認する事</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 世界銀行などの国際金融機関は、しっかりした人権影響評価が行われ、かつ、そうした評価で指摘された人権上のリスクを最小限に抑えるよう計画された事業のみを承認すること</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 情報へのアクセス権を再確認すること。また、透明な手続きの確保や表現・結社・集会の自由の保護により、効果的な参加の実現にむけて尽力すると公約すること</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 人種・肌の色・性・年齢・言語・宗教・政治的やその他の意見・国籍あるいは社会的出身・保有資産・生まれながらの障がい・その他の地位を理由とする差別を許さない原則を再確認すること。また、持続可能な開発援助が、周縁化された人びとに届くよう確保するため尽力すると公約すること</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● リプロダクティブ・ヘルスに関するサービスと情報へのアクセスを確保する政策など、持続可能な開発政策を通して、女性の権利と男女平等を積極的に促進すること</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 先住民の人権を再確認する事</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">● 如何なる場所で活動する場合であっても、企業は人権を尊重し、人権と環境に対するその影響を評価・防止・最小限化し、人権侵害がおきた場合にはアクセス可能な救済策を提供する責任があることを再確認すること</p> <p align="left" style="margin-left:24.0pt;">アムネスティ・インターナショナルの「人間らしく生きたい」キャンペーンのディレクター、サビオ・カルバルホは「各国政府・企業・国際機関が、開発という祭壇に人権を生贄として差し出すのを止めない限り、社会での阻害、差別、不公正は弱まることなく続くだろう」と語る。</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130406021218/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/06/12/20-0" title="يجب ربط التنمية المستدامة بحقوق الإنسان في قمة ريو + 20" 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