CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>C0 and C1 control codes - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7310f980-f96c-4082-a07c-e07a7ad051ce","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"C0_and_C1_control_codes","wgTitle":"C0 and C1 control codes","wgCurRevisionId":1254251902,"wgRevisionId":1254251902,"wgArticleId":2371820,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Control characters"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"C0_and_C1_control_codes","wgRelevantArticleId":2371820,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgRedirectedFrom":"Data_link_escape","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DLE","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q718147","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="C0 and C1 control codes - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DLE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DLE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-C0_and_C1_control_codes rootpage-C0_and_C1_control_codes skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=C0+and+C1+control+codes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=C0+and+C1+control+codes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=C0+and+C1+control+codes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=C0+and+C1+control+codes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-C0_controls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C0_controls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>C0 controls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C0_controls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C1_controls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C1_controls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>C1 controls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C1_controls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_control_code_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_control_code_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other control code sets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_control_code_sets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other control code sets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_control_code_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_C0_control_code_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_C0_control_code_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Other C0 control code sets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_C0_control_code_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_C1_character_sets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_C1_character_sets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Replacement C1 character sets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_C1_character_sets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">C0 and C1 control codes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steuerzeichen" title="Steuerzeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steuerzeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0_%C3%A9s_C1_vez%C3%A9rl%C5%91k%C3%B3dok" title="C0 és C1 vezérlőkódok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="C0 és C1 vezérlőkódok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0%E4%B8%8EC1%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6" title="C0与C1控制字符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="C0与C1控制字符" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718147#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:C0_and_C1_control_codes" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/C0_and_C1_control_codes" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&oldid=1254251902" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=C0_and_C1_control_codes&id=1254251902&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC0_and_C1_control_codes%23DLE"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC0_and_C1_control_codes%23DLE"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718147" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_link_escape&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Data link escape">Data link escape</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Control characters, ranging from U+0000 to U+001F (C0) and U+0080 to U+009F (C1) in Unicode</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DC1" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/DC1_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="DC1 (disambiguation)">DC1 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Group separator" redirects here. For the delimiter used to group digits in large numbers, see <a href="/wiki/Decimal_separator#Digit_grouping" title="Decimal separator">Decimal separator § Digit grouping</a>.</div> <p>The <b>C0 and C1 control code</b> or <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">control character</a> sets define control codes for use in text by computer systems that use <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> and derivatives of ASCII. The codes represent additional information about the text, such as the position of a cursor, an instruction to start a new line, or a message that the text has been received. </p><p>C0 codes are the range 00<sub><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">HEX</a></sub>–1F<sub>HEX</sub> and the default C0 set was originally defined in <a href="/wiki/ISO_646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 646">ISO 646</a> (<a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>). C1 codes are the range 80<sub>HEX</sub>–9F<sub>HEX</sub> and the default C1 set was originally defined in <a href="/wiki/ECMA-48" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-48">ECMA-48</a> (harmonized later with ISO 6429). The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> system of specifying control and graphic characters allows other C0 and C1 sets to be available for specialized applications, but they are rarely used. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C0_controls"><span class="anchor" id="C0"></span>C0 controls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: C0 controls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> defined 32 control characters, plus a necessary extra character for the DEL character, 7F<sub>HEX</sub> or 01111111<sub>BIN</sub> (needed to punch out all the holes on a paper tape and erase it). </p><p>This large number of codes was desirable at the time, as multi-byte controls would require implementation of a state machine in the terminal, which was very difficult with contemporary electronics and mechanical terminals. </p><p>Only a few codes have maintained their use: BEL, ESC, and the "Format <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/effector" class="extiw" title="wikt:effector">effector</a>" (FE<sub>n</sub>) characters BS, TAB, LF, VT, FF, and CR. Others are unused or have acquired different meanings such as NUL being the <a href="/wiki/Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">C string terminator</a>. Some data transfer protocols such as <a href="/wiki/ANPA-1312" title="ANPA-1312">ANPA-1312</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kermit_(protocol)" title="Kermit (protocol)">Kermit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XMODEM" title="XMODEM">XMODEM</a> do make extensive use of SOH, STX, ETX, EOT, ACK, NAK and SYN for purposes approximating their original definitions; and some file formats use the "Information Separators" (IS<sub>n</sub>) such as the <a href="/wiki/Info_(Unix)" title="Info (Unix)">Unix info</a> format<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>'s <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">splitlines</span> string method.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The names of some codes were changed in ISO 6429:1992 (or ECMA-48:1991) to be neutral with respect to writing direction. The abbreviations used were not changed, as the standard had already specified that those would remain unchanged when the standard is translated to other languages. In this table both new and old names are shown for the renamed controls (the old name is the one matching the abbreviation). </p><p>Unicode provides <a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a> that can replace C0 control characters to make them visible on screen. However <a href="/wiki/Caret_notation" title="Caret notation">caret notation</a> is used more often. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="ASCII"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/ASCII#Control_characters" title="ASCII">ASCII control codes</a>, originally defined in <a href="/wiki/ANSI_X3.4" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI X3.4">ANSI X3.4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ir001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ir001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style><a href="/wiki/Caret_notation" title="Caret notation">Caret notation</a></div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Decimal</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Hexadecimal</div> </th> <th>Abbreviations </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a></div> </th> <th>Name </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Escape_Sequences_in_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape Sequences in C">C escape</a></div> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr id="NUL"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^@</span></td> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>NUL</td> <td>␀</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">Null</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\0</span> </td> <td>Does nothing. The code of blank paper tape, and also used for padding to slow transmission. </td></tr> <tr id="SOH"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^A</span></td> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>TC<sub>1</sub>, SOH</td> <td>␁</td> <td>Start of Heading</td> <td> </td> <td>First character of the heading of a message.<sup id="cite_ref-iptc7901_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iptc7901-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="STX"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^B</span></td> <td>2</td> <td>02</td> <td>TC<sub>2</sub>, STX</td> <td>␂</td> <td>Start of Text</td> <td> </td> <td>Terminates the header and starts the message text. </td></tr> <tr id="ETX"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^C</span></td> <td>3</td> <td>03</td> <td>TC<sub>3</sub>, ETX</td> <td>␃</td> <td><a href="/wiki/End-of-Text_character" title="End-of-Text character">End of Text</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Ends the message text, starts a footer (up to the next TC character).<sup id="cite_ref-iptc7901_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iptc7901-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1037-EOT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="EOT"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^D</span></td> <td>4</td> <td>04</td> <td>TC<sub>4</sub>, EOT</td> <td>␄</td> <td><a href="/wiki/End-of-Transmission_character" title="End-of-Transmission character">End of Transmission</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Ends the transmission of one or more messages.<sup id="cite_ref-iptc7901_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iptc7901-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1037-EOT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May place terminals on standby.<sup id="cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1037-EOT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="ENQ"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^E</span></td> <td>5</td> <td>05</td> <td><span class="nowrap">TC<sub>5</sub>, ENQ, WRU<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> <td>␅</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enquiry_character" title="Enquiry character">Enquiry</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Trigger a response at the receiving end, to see if it is still present. </td></tr> <tr id="ACK"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^F</span></td> <td>6</td> <td>06</td> <td>TC<sub>6</sub>, ACK</td> <td>␆</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acknowledge_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Acknowledge character">Acknowledge</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Indication of successful receipt of a message. </td></tr> <tr id="BEL"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^G</span></td> <td>7</td> <td>07</td> <td>BEL<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>␇</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_character" title="Bell character">Bell</a>, Alert</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\a</span> </td> <td>Call for attention from an operator. </td></tr> <tr id="BS"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^H</span></td> <td>8</td> <td>08</td> <td><span class="anchor" id="format_effector"></span>FE<sub>0</sub>, BS</td> <td>␈</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Backspace" title="Backspace">Backspace</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\b</span> </td> <td>Move one position leftwards. Next character may overprint or replace the character that was there. </td></tr> <tr id="HT"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^I</span></td> <td>9</td> <td>09</td> <td>FE<sub>1</sub>, HT</td> <td>␉</td> <td>Character Tabulation,<br /><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal Tab">Horizontal Tabulation</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\t</span> </td> <td>Move right to the next <a href="/wiki/Tab_stop" title="Tab stop">tab stop</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="LF"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^J</span></td> <td>10</td> <td>0A</td> <td>FE<sub>2</sub>, LF</td> <td>␊</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">Line Feed</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\n</span> </td> <td>Move down to the same position on the next line (some devices also moved to the left column). </td></tr> <tr id="VT"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^K</span></td> <td>11</td> <td>0B</td> <td>FE<sub>3</sub>, VT</td> <td>␋</td> <td>Line Tabulation,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical Tab">Vertical Tabulation</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\v</span> </td> <td>Move down to the next vertical tab stop. </td></tr> <tr id="FF"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^L</span></td> <td>12</td> <td>0C</td> <td>FE<sub>4</sub>, FF</td> <td>␌</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Form_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Form feed">Form Feed</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\f</span> </td> <td>Move down to the top of the next page. </td></tr> <tr id="CR"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^M</span></td> <td>13</td> <td>0D</td> <td>FE<sub>5</sub>, CR</td> <td>␍</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">Carriage Return</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\r</span> </td> <td>Move to column zero while staying on the same line. </td></tr> <tr id="SO"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^N</span></td> <td>14</td> <td>0E</td> <td>SO, LS<sub>1</sub><sup id="cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockingshifts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lockingshifts_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockingshifts-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>␎</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters" title="Shift Out and Shift In characters">Shift Out</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Switch to an alternative character set. </td></tr> <tr id="SI"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^O</span></td> <td>15</td> <td>0F</td> <td>SI, LS<sub>0</sub><sup id="cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockingshifts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lockingshifts_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockingshifts-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>␏</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters" title="Shift Out and Shift In characters">Shift In</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Return to regular character set after SO. </td></tr> <tr id="DLE"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^P</span></td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td><span class="nowrap">TC<sub>7</sub>, DC<sub>0</sub>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DLE</span></td> <td>␐</td> <td>Data Link Escape</td> <td> </td> <td>Cause a limited number of contiguously following characters to be interpreted in some different way.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="Device_control" class="anchor"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^Q</span></td> <td>17</td> <td>11</td> <td>DC<sub>1</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Software_flow_control" title="Software flow control">XON</a></td> <td>␑</td> <td>Device Control One</td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="4">Turn on (DC<sub>1</sub> and DC<sub>2</sub>) or off (DC<sub>3</sub> and DC<sub>4</sub>) devices. <p>Teletype<sup id="cite_ref-teletype_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teletype-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used these for the paper tape reader and the paper tape punch. The first use became the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard">de facto standard</a> for <a href="/wiki/Software_flow_control" title="Software flow control">software flow control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr id="DC2"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^R</span></td> <td>18</td> <td>12</td> <td>DC<sub>2</sub>, TAPE</td> <td>␒</td> <td>Device Control Two</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="DC3"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^S</span></td> <td>19</td> <td>13</td> <td>DC<sub>3</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Software_flow_control" title="Software flow control">XOFF</a></td> <td>␓</td> <td>Device Control Three</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="DC4"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^T</span></td> <td>20</td> <td>14</td> <td>DC<sub>4</sub>, <s>TAPE</s></td> <td>␔</td> <td>Device Control Four</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NAK"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^U</span></td> <td>21</td> <td>15</td> <td>TC<sub>8</sub>, NAK</td> <td>␕</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Negative-acknowledge_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative-acknowledge character">Negative Acknowledge</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Negative response to a sender, such as a detected error. </td></tr> <tr id="SYN"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^V</span></td> <td>22</td> <td>16</td> <td>TC<sub>9</sub>, SYN</td> <td>␖</td> <td>Synchronous Idle</td> <td> </td> <td>Sent in synchronous transmission systems when no other character is being transmitted. </td></tr> <tr id="ETB"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^W</span></td> <td>23</td> <td>17</td> <td>TC<sub>10</sub>, ETB</td> <td>␗</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End-of-Transmission-Block_character" title="End-of-Transmission-Block character">End of Transmission Block</a></span></td> <td> </td> <td>End of a transmission block of data when data are divided into such blocks for transmission purposes. </td></tr> <tr id="CAN"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^X</span></td> <td>24</td> <td>18</td> <td>CAN</td> <td>␘</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancel_character" title="Cancel character">Cancel</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Indicates that the data preceding it are in error or are to be disregarded. </td></tr> <tr id="EM"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^Y</span></td> <td>25</td> <td>19</td> <td>EM</td> <td>␙</td> <td>End of medium</td> <td> </td> <td>Indicates on paper or magnetic tapes that the end of the usable portion of the tape had been reached.<sup id="cite_ref-ir001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ir001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="SUB"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^Z</span></td> <td>26</td> <td>1A</td> <td>SUB</td> <td>␚</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Substitute_character" title="Substitute character">Substitute</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Replaces a character that was found to be <a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">invalid or in error</a>. Should be ignored. </td></tr> <tr id="ESC"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^[</span></td> <td>27</td> <td>1B</td> <td>ESC</td> <td>␛</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">Escape</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\e</span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-lower-alpha_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lower-alpha-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Alters the meaning of a limited number of following bytes.<br />Nowadays this is almost always used to introduce an <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequence">ANSI escape sequence</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="FS"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^\</span></td> <td>28</td> <td>1C</td> <td>IS<sub>4</sub>, FS <span class="anchor" id="Field_separators"></span></td> <td>␜</td> <td>File Separator</td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="4">Can be used as <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiters</a> to mark fields of data structures. US is the lowest level, while RS, GS, and FS are of increasing level to divide groups made up of items of the level beneath it. SP (space) could be considered an even lower level. </td></tr> <tr id="GS"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^]</span></td> <td>29</td> <td>1D</td> <td>IS<sub>3</sub>, GS</td> <td>␝</td> <td>Group Separator</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="RS"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^^</span></td> <td>30</td> <td>1E</td> <td>IS<sub>2</sub>, RS</td> <td>␞</td> <td>Record Separator</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="US"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^_</span></td> <td>31</td> <td>1F</td> <td>IS<sub>1</sub>, US</td> <td>␟</td> <td>Unit Separator</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="10">While not technically part of the C0 control character range, the following two characters can be thought of as having some characteristics of control characters. </th></tr> <tr id="SP"> <td> </td> <td>32</td> <td>20</td> <td>SP</td> <td>␠</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Move right one character position. </td></tr> <tr id="DEL"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">^?</span></td> <td>127</td> <td>7F</td> <td>DEL</td> <td>␡</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delete_character" title="Delete character">Delete</a></td> <td> </td> <td>Should be ignored. Used to delete characters on punched tape by punching out all the holes. </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teletype labelled the key WRU for 'who are you?'<sup id="cite_ref-teletype_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teletype-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name BELL is assigned by Unicode to the unrelated <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> character 🔔 (U+1F514). While C0 and C1 control characters were not formally named by the Unicode standard itself at the time, this collided with existing use of BELL as the name of this control character in software following the previous versions of UTS#18 (the Unicode Regular Expressions standard),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whistler2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode now accepts ALERT and BEL (but not BELL) as formal aliases for the control character,<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the code chart still lists BELL as the ISO 6429 alias,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">control picture code point</a> is called SYMBOL FOR BELL. Perl subsequently switched to using BELL for the emoji in version 5.18.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lockingshifts-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lockingshifts_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lockingshifts_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> (ECMA-35) refers to these as LS0 and LS1 in 8-bit environments, and as SI and SO in 7-bit environments.<sup id="cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lockingshifts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first, 1963 edition of ASCII classified <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936282034">.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal{border-bottom:1px dashed #86a1ff}.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal a{color:inherit}</style><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#DLE">DLE</a></span> as a device control, rather than a transmission control, and gave it the abbreviation DC0 ("device control reserved for data link escape").<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lower-alpha-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lower-alpha_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The '<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">\e</span>' escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C1_controls"><span class="anchor" id="C1"></span>C1 controls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: C1 controls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, <a href="/wiki/ECMA-35" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-35">ECMA-35</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISO_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 2022">ISO 2022</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attempted to define a method so an 8-bit "extended ASCII" code could be converted to a corresponding 7-bit code, and <i>vice versa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-firstecma35_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstecma35-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 7-bit environment, the Shift Out (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#SO">SO</a></span>) would change the meaning of the 96 bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x20</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x7F</span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-new96escs_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new96escs-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (i.e. all but the C0 control codes), to be the characters that an 8-bit environment would print if it used the same code with the high bit set. This meant that the range <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x80</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x9F</span> could not be printed in a 7-bit environment,<sup id="cite_ref-firstecma35_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstecma35-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus it was decided that no alternative character set could use them, and that these codes should be additional control codes, which become known as the <b>C1 control codes</b>. To allow a 7-bit environment to use these new controls, the sequences <code>ESC @</code> through <code>ESC _</code> were to be considered equivalent.<sup id="cite_ref-firstecma35_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstecma35-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO 8859</a> standards abandoned support for 7-bit codes, but preserved this range of control characters. </p><p>The first C1 control code set to be registered for use with ISO 2022 was <a href="/wiki/DIN_31626" class="mw-redirect" title="DIN 31626">DIN 31626</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-iso-ir_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a specialised set for bibliographic use which was registered in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-din31626_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-din31626-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The more common general-use <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a> set was registered in 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-1stE_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stE-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the ECMA-48 specification upon which it was based had been first published in 1976<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a> (formerly JIS C 6323).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symbolic names defined by <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1345">1345</a> and early drafts of ISO 10646, but not in ISO/IEC 6429 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#PAD">PAD</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#HOP">HOP</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#SGC">SGC</a></span>) are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whistler2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whistler2015_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whistler2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#SS2">SS2</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#SS3">SS3</a></span> in <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a> text, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#NEL">NEL</a></span> in text transcoded from <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a>, the 8-bit forms of these codes were almost never used. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#CSI">CSI</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#DCS">DCS</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#OSC">OSC</a></span> are used to control <a href="/wiki/Text_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Text terminal">text terminals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>, but almost always by using their 7-bit escape code representations. Nowadays if these codes are encountered it is far more likely they are intended to be printing characters from that position of <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Mac OS Roman</a>. </p><p>Except for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#NEL">NEL</a></span> Unicode does not provide a "control picture" for any of these. There is also no well-known variation of Caret notation for them either. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>ISO/IEC 6429 and RFC 1345 C1 control codes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">ESC+</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Decimal</div> </th> <th class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Hex</div> </th> <th>Abbr </th> <th title="Character name">Name</th> <th>Description<sup id="cite_ref-ecma-48_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecma-48-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="PAD"> <td>@</td> <td>128</td> <td>80</td> <td>PAD<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Padding Character<sup id="cite_ref-notpart_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notpart-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Proposed as a "padding" or "high byte" for single-byte characters to make them two bytes long for easier interoperability with <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">multiple byte characters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code</a> (EUC) occasionally uses this.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="HOP"> <td>A</td> <td>129</td> <td>81</td> <td>HOP<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>High Octet Preset<sup id="cite_ref-notpart_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notpart-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Proposed to set the high byte of a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">multiple byte characters</a> so they only need one byte each, as a simple form of data compression. </td></tr> <tr id="BPH"> <td>B</td> <td>130</td> <td>82</td> <td>BPH</td> <td>Break Permitted Here<sup id="cite_ref-notfirst_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notfirst-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Follows a graphic character where a line break is permitted. Roughly equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">soft hyphen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_space" title="Zero-width space">zero-width space</a> except it does not define what is printed at the line break. </td></tr> <tr id="NBH"> <td>C</td> <td>131</td> <td>83</td> <td>NBH</td> <td>No Break Here<sup id="cite_ref-notfirst_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notfirst-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Follows the graphic character that is not to be broken. See also <a href="/wiki/Word_joiner" title="Word joiner">word joiner</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="IND"> <td>D</td> <td>132</td> <td>84</td> <td>IND</td> <td>Index<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Move down one line without moving horizontally, to eliminate ambiguity about the meaning of LF. </td></tr> <tr id="NEL"> <td>E</td> <td>133</td> <td>85</td> <td>NEL</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">Next Line</a></td> <td>Equivalent to CR+LF, to match the <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> control character. </td></tr> <tr id="SSA"> <td>F</td> <td>134</td> <td>86</td> <td>SSA</td> <td>Start of Selected Area</td> <td rowspan="2">Used by <a href="/wiki/Block-oriented_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Block-oriented terminal">block-oriented terminals</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC F</code> moves to the lower-left corner of the screen, since certain software assumes this behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="ESA"> <td>G</td> <td>135</td> <td>87</td> <td>ESA</td> <td>End of Selected Area </td></tr> <tr id="HTS"> <td>H</td> <td>136</td> <td>88</td> <td>HTS</td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Character Tabulation Set</li><li>Horizontal Tabulation Set</li></ul></div></td> <td>Set a tab stop at the current position. </td></tr> <tr id="HTJ"> <td>I</td> <td>137</td> <td>89</td> <td>HTJ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap">Character Tabulation With Justification</span></li><li><span class="nowrap">Horizontal Tabulation With Justification</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Right-justify the text since the last tab against the next tab stop. </td></tr> <tr id="VTS"> <td>J</td> <td>138</td> <td>8A</td> <td>VTS</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Line Tabulation Set</li><li>Vertical Tabulation Set</li></ul></div></td> <td>Set a vertical tab stop. </td></tr> <tr id="PLD"> <td>K</td> <td>139</td> <td>8B</td> <td>PLD</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Partial Line Forward</li><li>Partial Line Down</li></ul></div></td> <td rowspan="2">To produce subscripts and superscripts in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a>.<br />Subscripts use <code>PLD <i>text</i> PLU</code> while superscripts use <code>PLU <i>text</i> PLD</code>. </td></tr> <tr id="PLU"> <td>L</td> <td>140</td> <td>8C</td> <td>PLU</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Partial Line Backward</li><li>Partial Line Up</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr id="RI"> <td>M</td> <td>141</td> <td>8D</td> <td>RI</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Reverse Line Feed</li><li>Reverse Index</li></ul></div></td> <td>Move up one line. </td></tr> <tr id="SS2"> <td>N</td> <td>142</td> <td>8E</td> <td>SS2</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">Single-Shift 2</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Next character is from the G2 or G3 sets, respectively. </td></tr> <tr id="SS3"> <td>O</td> <td>143</td> <td>8F</td> <td>SS3</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022#Shift_functions" title="ISO/IEC 2022">Single-Shift 3</a> </td></tr> <tr id="DCS"> <td>P</td> <td>144</td> <td>90</td> <td>DCS</td> <td>Device Control String</td> <td>Followed by a string of printable characters (0x20 through 0x7E) and format effectors (0x08 through 0x0D), terminated by ST (0x9C). <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">Xterm</a> defined a number of these.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="PU1"> <td>Q</td> <td>145</td> <td>91</td> <td>PU1</td> <td>Private Use 1</td> <td rowspan="2">Reserved for private function agreed on between the sender and the recipient of the data. </td></tr> <tr id="PU2"> <td>R</td> <td>146</td> <td>92</td> <td>PU2</td> <td>Private Use 2 </td></tr> <tr id="STS"> <td>S</td> <td>147</td> <td>93</td> <td>STS</td> <td>Set Transmit State</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="CCH"> <td>T</td> <td>148</td> <td>94</td> <td>CCH</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancel_character" title="Cancel character">Cancel character</a></td> <td>Destructive backspace, to eliminate ambiguity about meaning of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#BS">BS</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr id="MW"> <td>U</td> <td>149</td> <td>95</td> <td>MW</td> <td>Message Waiting</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="SPA"> <td>V</td> <td>150</td> <td>96</td> <td>SPA</td> <td>Start of Protected Area</td> <td rowspan="2">Used by <a href="/wiki/Block-oriented_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Block-oriented terminal">block-oriented terminals</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="EPA"> <td>W</td> <td>151</td> <td>97</td> <td>EPA</td> <td>End of Protected Area </td></tr> <tr id="SOS"> <td>X</td> <td>152</td> <td>98</td> <td>SOS</td> <td>Start of String<sup id="cite_ref-notfirst_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notfirst-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Followed by a control string terminated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#ST">ST</a></span> (0x9C) which (unlike <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#DCS">DCS</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#OSC">OSC</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#PM">PM</a></span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#APC">APC</a></span>) may contain any character except SOS or ST. </td></tr> <tr id="SGC"> <td>Y</td> <td>153</td> <td>99</td> <td>SGC,<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SGCI<sup id="cite_ref-ada_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ada-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Single Graphic Character Introducer<sup id="cite_ref-notpart_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notpart-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="anchor" id="SGCI"></span>Intended to allow an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> character to be printed; it would be followed by that character, most likely encoded in <a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ada_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ada-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="SCI"> <td>Z</td> <td>154</td> <td>9A</td> <td>SCI</td> <td>Single Character Introducer<sup id="cite_ref-notfirst_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notfirst-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>To be followed by a single printable character (0x20 through 0x7E) or format effector (0x08 through 0x0D), and to print it as ASCII no matter what graphic or control sets were in use. </td></tr> <tr id="CSI"> <td>[</td> <td>155</td> <td>9B</td> <td>CSI</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Control_Sequence_Introducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Control Sequence Introducer">Control Sequence Introducer</a></td> <td>Used to introduce control sequences that take parameters. Used for <a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequences" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI escape sequences">ANSI escape sequences</a>. </td></tr> <tr id="ST"> <td>\</td> <td>156</td> <td>9C</td> <td>ST</td> <td>String Terminator</td> <td>Terminates a string started by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#DCS">DCS</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#SOS">SOS</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#OSC">OSC</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#PM">PM</a></span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#APC">APC</a></span>. </td></tr> <tr id="OSC"> <td>]</td> <td>157</td> <td>9D</td> <td>OSC</td> <td>Operating System Command</td> <td rowspan="3">Followed by a string of printable characters (0x20 through 0x7E) and format effectors (0x08 through 0x0D), terminated by ST (0x9C), intended for use to allow in-band signaling of protocol information, but rarely used for that purpose. <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a>, use OSC sequences for setting the window title and changing the colour palette. They may also support terminating an OSC sequence with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#BEL">BEL</a></span> instead of ST.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kermit_(protocol)" title="Kermit (protocol)">Kermit</a> used APC to transmit commands.<sup id="cite_ref-CruzGianone1997_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CruzGianone1997-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr id="PM"> <td>^</td> <td>158</td> <td>9E</td> <td>PM</td> <td>Privacy Message </td></tr> <tr id="APC"> <td>_</td> <td>159</td> <td>9F</td> <td>APC</td> <td>Application Program Command </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In early versions the range excluded <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">SP</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">DEL</span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notpart-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notpart_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notpart_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notpart_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not part of ISO/IEC 6429 (ECMA-48)<sup id="cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whistler2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whistler2015_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whistler2015-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_6429:1983_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_6429:1983-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_6429:1988_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_6429:1988-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5">: 5 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO/IEC_6429:1992_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO/IEC_6429:1992-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 8">: 8 </span></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notfirst-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notfirst_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notfirst_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notfirst_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notfirst_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Not part of the first edition of ISO/IEC 6429.<sup id="cite_ref-1stE_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stE-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_6429:1983_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_6429:1983-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deprecated in 1988 and withdrawn in 1992 from ISO/IEC 6429<sup id="cite_ref-ISO/IEC_6429:1992_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO/IEC_6429:1992-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 87">: 87 </span></sup> (1986<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1991<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively for ECMA-48).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_control_code_sets">Other control code sets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other control code sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> (ECMA-35) extension mechanism allowed escape sequences to change the C0 and C1 sets. The standard C0 control character set shown above is chosen with the sequence <span class="nowrap"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC ! @</code></span> and the above C1 set chosen with the sequence <span class="nowrap"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ESC " C</code></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1stE_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stE-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several official and unofficial alternatives have been defined, but this is pretty much obsolete. Most were forced to retain a good deal of compatibility with the ASCII controls for interoperability. The standard makes ESC,<sup id="cite_ref-tc-c0_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-c0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SP and DEL<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "fixed" coded characters, which are available in their ASCII locations in all encodings that conform to the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also specifies that if a C0 set included transmission control (TC<sub>n</sub>) codes, they must be encoded at their ASCII locations<sup id="cite_ref-tc-c0_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-c0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and could not be put in a C1 set,<sup id="cite_ref-tc-c1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-c1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and any new transmission controls must be in a C1 set.<sup id="cite_ref-tc-c0_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tc-c0-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_C0_control_code_sets">Other C0 control code sets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other C0 control code sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANPA-1312#C0_control_codes" title="ANPA-1312">ANPA-1312</a>, a text markup language used for news transmission, replaces several C0 control characters.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTC_7901#C0_control_codes" title="IPTC 7901">IPTC 7901</a>, the newer international version of the above, has its own variations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set#C0_control_codes" title="Videotex character set">Videotex</a> has a completely different set.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set#Control_characters" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a> also defines a set similar to Videotex.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">T.61</a>/<a href="/wiki/ITU_T.51" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU T.51">T.51</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-T61C0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T61C0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced EM and GS with SS2 and SS3 so these functions could be used in a 7-bit environment.</li> <li>Some sets replaced FS with SS2,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (same as ANPA-1312).</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="JIS_C_6225"></span><span class="anchor" id="JIS_X_0207"></span>The now-withdrawn JIS C 6225, designated JIS X 0207 in later sources.<sup id="cite_ref-wg6_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wg6-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced FS with CEX or "Control Extension"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which introduces control sequences for vertical text behaviour, superscripts and subscripts<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for transmitting <a href="/wiki/Dynamically_Redefined_Character_Set" title="Dynamically Redefined Character Set">custom character graphics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wg6_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wg6-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_C1_character_sets">Replacement C1 character sets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Replacement C1 character sets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A specialized C1 control code set is registered for bibliographic use (including string collation), such as by <a href="/wiki/MARC-8#C1_control_codes" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-din31626_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-din31626-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso6630-old_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso6630-old-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso6630-1985_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso6630-1985-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Various specialised C1 control code sets are registered for use by <a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set#C1_control_codes" title="Videotex character set">Videotex</a> formats.<sup id="cite_ref-iso-ir_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC#Definitions_of_non-ASCII_EBCDIC_controls" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> defines up to 29 additional control codes besides those present in ASCII. When translating EBCDIC to <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (or to <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859">ISO 8859</a>), these codes are mapped to C1 control characters in a manner specified by IBM's Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA).<sup id="cite_ref-utr16cdra_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utr16cdra-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ms037_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms037-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the New Line (NL) does translate to the ISO/IEC 6429 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#NEL">NEL</a></span> (although it is often swapped with LF, following UNIX line ending convention),<sup id="cite_ref-utr16cdra_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utr16cdra-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the remainder of the control codes do not correspond. For example, the EBCDIC control <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC#SPS" title="EBCDIC">SPS</a> and the ECMA-48 control <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><span class="control-code-link-internal"><a href="#PLU">PLU</a></span> are both used to begin a superscript or end a subscript, but are not mapped to one another. Extended-ASCII-mapped EBCDIC can therefore be regarded as having its own C1 set, although it is not registered with the <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a> registry for ISO/IEC 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-iso-ir_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-ir-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control characters</a></div> <p>Unicode reserves the 65 code points described above for compatibility with the C0 and C1 control codes, giving them the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property#General_Category" title="Unicode character property">general category</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cc</code> (control). These are: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0000–U+001F</span> (C0 controls) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+007F</span> (DEL) assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Latin_(Unicode_block)" title="Basic Latin (Unicode block)">C0 Controls and Basic Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">block</a>, and</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0080–U+009F</span> (C1 controls) assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement" title="Latin-1 Supplement">C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement</a> block.</li></ul> <p>Unicode only specifies semantics for the C0 format controls HT, LF, VT, FF, and CR (note BS is missing); the C0 information separators FS, GS, RS, US (and SP); and the C1 control NEL.<sup id="cite_ref-unicode-23-1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-23-1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the codes are transparent to Unicode and their meanings are left to higher-level protocols, with <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a> suggested as a default.<sup id="cite_ref-unicode-23-1_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-23-1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unicode includes many additional format effector characters besides these, such as <a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_Text#Explicit_formatting" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidirectional Text">marks, embeds, isolates and pops</a> for explicit bidirectional formatting, and the <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">zero-width joiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner" title="Zero-width non-joiner">non-joiner</a> for controlling ligature use. However these are given the general category <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cf</code> (format) rather than <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cc</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a> - Unicode graphical representation characters for the C0 control codes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape code</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> extends this requirement to the C1 SS2 and SS3,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although ISO/IEC 2022 itself does not.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Fox_(computer_programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Fox (computer programmer)">Fox, Brian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.pd.infn.it/TeX/doc/html/texinfo/info_2.html#SEC13">"Adding a new node to Info"</a>. <i>Info: The online, menu-driven GNU documentation system</i>. <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Info%3A+The+online%2C+menu-driven+GNU+documentation+system&rft.atitle=Adding+a+new+node+to+Info&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.pd.infn.it%2FTeX%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Ftexinfo%2Finfo_2.html%23SEC13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.splitlines">"Built-in Types § str.splitlines"</a>. <i>The Python Standard Library</i>. <a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Python+Standard+Library&rft.atitle=Built-in+Types+%C2%A7+str.splitlines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.python.org%2F3%2Flibrary%2Fstdtypes.html%23str.splitlines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ir001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ir001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ir001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-11975" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/001.pdf"><i>The set of control characters of the ISO 646</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+set+of+control+characters+of+the+ISO+646&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iptc7901-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iptc7901_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iptc7901_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iptc7901_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIPTC1995" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/IPTC" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTC">IPTC</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iptc.org/std/IPTC7901/1.0/specification/7901V5.pdf"><i>The IPTC Recommended Message Format</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5th ed.). IPTC TEC 7901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+IPTC+Recommended+Message+Format&rft.edition=5th&rft.date=1995&rft.au=IPTC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iptc.org%2Fstd%2FIPTC7901%2F1.0%2Fspecification%2F7901V5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1037-EOT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1037-EOT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309030543/http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-014/_2015.htm">"end-of-transmission character (EOT)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_1037C" title="Federal Standard 1037C">Federal Standard 1037C</a></i>. 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-014/_2015.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Standard+1037C&rft.atitle=end-of-transmission+character+%28EOT%29&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.its.bldrdoc.gov%2Ffs-1037%2Fdir-014%2F_2015.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teletype-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teletype_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teletype_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_McConnellJames_HaynesRichard_Warren2002" class="citation web cs1">Robert McConnell; James Haynes; Richard Warren (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nadcomm.com/index3fbb.html?p=89">"Understanding ASCII Codes"</a>. <i>NADCOMM</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NADCOMM&rft.atitle=Understanding+ASCII+Codes&rft.date=2002-12&rft.au=Robert+McConnell&rft.au=James+Haynes&rft.au=Richard+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nadcomm.com%2Findex3fbb.html%3Fp%3D89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson" class="citation web cs1">Williamson, Karl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2011-m08/0459.html">"Re: PRI #202: Extensions to NameAliases.txt for Unicode 6.1.0"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re%3A+PRI+%23202%3A+Extensions+to+NameAliases.txt+for+Unicode+6.1.0&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fmail-arch%2Funicode-ml%2Fy2011-m08%2F0459.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whistler2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whistler2011_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Whistler2011" class="citation web cs1">Ken Whistler (July 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11281-control-aliases.txt">"Formal Name Aliases for Control Characters, L2/11-281"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formal+Name+Aliases+for+Control+Characters%2C+L2%2F11-281&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2011-07-20&rft.au=Ken+Whistler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11281-control-aliases.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aliases-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NameAliases.txt">"Name Aliases"</a>. <i>Unicode Character Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Character+Database&rft.atitle=Name+Aliases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FUCD%2Flatest%2Fucd%2FNameAliases.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf">"C0 Controls and Basic Latin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Unicode Consortium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C0+Controls+and+Basic+Latin&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/charnames.html">"charnames"</a>. <i>Perl Programming Documentation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perl+Programming+Documentation&rft.atitle=charnames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fperldoc.perl.org%2Fcharnames.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lockingshifts-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lockingshifts_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). "7.3: Invocation of character-set code elements". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf#page=24"><i>Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (ECMA Standard) (6th ed.). p. 14. ECMA-35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.3%3A+Invocation+of+character-set+code+elements&rft.btitle=Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf%23page%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Standards_Association1963" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American Standards Association</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sr-ix.com/Archive/CharCodeHist/X3.4-1963/page6.JPG"><i>American Standard Code for Information Interchange: 4. Legend</i></a>. p. 6. ASA X3.4-1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Standard+Code+for+Information+Interchange%3A+4.+Legend&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1963&rft.au=American+Standards+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sr-ix.com%2FArchive%2FCharCodeHist%2FX3.4-1963%2Fpage6.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801021749/http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-010/_1429.htm">"data link escape character (DLE)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Standard_1037C" title="Federal Standard 1037C">Federal Standard 1037C</a></i>. 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-010/_1429.htm">the original</a> on 2016-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Standard+1037C&rft.atitle=data+link+escape+character+%28DLE%29&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.its.bldrdoc.gov%2Ffs-1037%2Fdir-010%2F_1429.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-37/">"Supplementary transmission control functions (an extension of the basic mode control procedures for data communication systems)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">European Computer Manufacturers Association</a>. 1972. ECMA-37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supplementary+transmission+control+functions+%28an+extension+of+the+basic+mode+control+procedures+for+data+communication+systems%29&rft.pub=European+Computer+Manufacturers+Association&rft.date=1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecma-international.org%2Fpublications-and-standards%2Fstandards%2Fecma-37%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/137842/what-is-the-point-of-ctrl-s">"What is the point of Ctrl-S?"</a>. <i>Unix and Linux Stack exchange</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unix+and+Linux+Stack+exchange&rft.atitle=What+is+the+point+of+Ctrl-S%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funix.stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F137842%2Fwhat-is-the-point-of-ctrl-s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11973" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (1973). "Brief History". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-6_4th_edition_august_1973.pdf"><i>7-bit Input/Output Coded Character Set</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. ECMA-6:1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brief+History&rft.btitle=7-bit+Input%2FOutput+Coded+Character+Set&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1973&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-6_4th_edition_august_1973.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-firstecma35-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-firstecma35_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstecma35_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstecma35_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11971" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (1971). "8.2: Correspondence between the 7-bit Code and an 8-bit Code". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_1st_edition_december_1971.pdf"><i>Extension of the 7-bit Coded Character Set</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. pp. 21–24. ECMA-35:1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.2%3A+Correspondence+between+the+7-bit+Code+and+an+8-bit+Code&rft.btitle=Extension+of+the+7-bit+Coded+Character+Set&rft.pages=21-24&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1971&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_1st_edition_december_1971.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11973" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (1973). "4.2: Specific Control Characters". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-6_4th_edition_august_1973.pdf#page=21"><i>7-bit Input/Output Coded Character Set</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. p. 16. ECMA-6:1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.2%3A+Specific+Control+Characters&rft.btitle=7-bit+Input%2FOutput+Coded+Character+Set&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1973&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-6_4th_edition_august_1973.pdf%23page%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new96escs-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new96escs_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (1985). "5.3.8: Sets of 96 graphic characters". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_4th_edition_march_1985.pdf"><i>Code Extension Techniques</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. pp. 17–18. ECMA-35:1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.3.8%3A+Sets+of+96+graphic+characters&rft.btitle=Code+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=17-18&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1985&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_4th_edition_march_1985.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso-ir-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iso-ir_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iso-ir_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iso-ir_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf"><i>ISO/IEC International Register of Coded Character Sets To Be Used With Escape Sequences</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>, ISO-IR</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+International+Register+of+Coded+Character+Sets+To+Be+Used+With+Escape+Sequences&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fvbcqpr00000004qn-att%2FISO-IR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-din31626-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-din31626_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-din31626_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-401979" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/DIN" class="mw-redirect" title="DIN">DIN</a> (1979-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/040.pdf"><i>Additional Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to German Standard DIN 31626</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Control+Codes+for+Bibliographic+Use+according+to+German+Standard+DIN+31626&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1979-07-15&rft.au=DIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F040.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1stE-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1stE_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stE_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1stE_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-771983" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2</a> (1983-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/077.pdf"><i>C1 Control Set of ISO 6429:1983</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C1+Control+Set+of+ISO+6429%3A1983&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1983-10-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F077.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11979" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (1979). "Brief History". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_2nd_edition_august_1979.pdf"><i>Additional Control Functions for Character-Imaging I/O Devices</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. ECMA-48:1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brief+History&rft.btitle=Additional+Control+Functions+for+Character-Imaging+I%2FO+Devices&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1979&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_2nd_edition_august_1979.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fujimura2.fiw-web.net/java/lang/JIS02XX.html">"JIS X 02xx 符号"</a> (in Japanese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JIS+X+02xx+%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffujimura2.fiw-web.net%2Fjava%2Flang%2FJIS02XX.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whistler2015-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whistler2015_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whistler2015_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Whistler2015" class="citation web cs1">Ken Whistler (2015-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2015-m10/0050.html">"Why Nothing Ever Goes Away"</a>. <i>Unicode Mailing List</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Mailing+List&rft.atitle=Why+Nothing+Ever+Goes+Away&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.au=Ken+Whistler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fmail-arch%2Funicode-ml%2Fy2015-m10%2F0050.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecma-48-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ecma-48_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (June 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf"><i>Control Functions for Coded Character Sets</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. ECMA-48:1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Control+Functions+for+Coded+Character+Sets&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1991-06&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO_6429:1983-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISO_6429:1983_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO_6429:1983_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genorma.com/en/standards/iso-6429-1983"><i>ISO 6429:1983 Information processing — ISO 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets — Additional control functions for character-imaging devices</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>. 1983-05-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO+6429%3A1983+Information+processing+%E2%80%94+ISO+7-bit+and+8-bit+coded+character+sets+%E2%80%94+Additional+control+functions+for+character-imaging+devices&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1983-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenorma.com%2Fen%2Fstandards%2Fiso-6429-1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO_6429:1988-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISO_6429:1988_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genorma.com/en/standards/iso-6429-1988"><i>ISO 6429:1988 Information processing — Control functions for 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>. 1988-11-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO+6429%3A1988+Information+processing+%E2%80%94+Control+functions+for+7-bit+and+8-bit+coded+character+sets&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1988-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenorma.com%2Fen%2Fstandards%2Fiso-6429-1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO/IEC_6429:1992-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISO/IEC_6429:1992_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO/IEC_6429:1992_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/12782.html"><i>ISO/IEC 6429:1992 Information technology — Control functions for coded character sets</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>. 1992-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+6429%3A1992+Information+technology+%E2%80%94+Control+functions+for+coded+character+sets&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1992-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F12782.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde,_Ken2008" class="citation book cs1">Lunde, Ken (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EH1MDAAAQBAJ&q=%22euc+format%22&pg=PA244"><i>CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Computing</i></a>. O'Reilly. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596800925" title="Special:BookSources/9780596800925"><bdi>9780596800925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing%3A+Chinese%2C+Japanese%2C+Korean%2C+and+Vietnamese+Computing&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780596800925&rft.au=Lunde%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEH1MDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522euc%2Bformat%2522%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (December 1986). "Appendix E: Changes Made in this Edition". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_4th_edition_december_1986.pdf"><i>Control Functions for Coded Character Sets</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. ECMA-48:1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+E%3A+Changes+Made+in+this+Edition&rft.btitle=Control+Functions+for+Coded+Character+Sets&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1986-12&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_4th_edition_december_1986.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA/TC_11991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA/TC 1</a> (June 1991). "F.8 Eliminated control functions". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf"><i>Control Functions for Coded Character Sets</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>. ECMA-48:1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=F.8+Eliminated+control+functions&rft.btitle=Control+Functions+for+Coded+Character+Sets&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=ECMA&rft.date=1991-06&rft.au=ECMA%2FTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-48_5th_edition_june_1991.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invisible-island.net/xterm/manpage/xterm.html#VT100-Widget-Resources:hpLowerleftBugCompat">"VT100 Widget Resources (§ hpLowerleftBugCompat)"</a>. <i>xterm - terminal emulator for X</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xterm+-+terminal+emulator+for+X&rft.atitle=VT100+Widget+Resources+%28%C2%A7+hpLowerleftBugCompat%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvisible-island.net%2Fxterm%2Fmanpage%2Fxterm.html%23VT100-Widget-Resources%3AhpLowerleftBugCompat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyGildeaDickey" class="citation web cs1">Moy, Edward; Gildea, Stephen; Dickey, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h3-Device-Control-functions">"Device-Control functions"</a>. <i>XTerm Control Sequences</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XTerm+Control+Sequences&rft.atitle=Device-Control+functions&rft.aulast=Moy&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Gildea%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Dickey%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvisible-island.net%2Fxterm%2Fctlseqs%2Fctlseqs.html%23h3-Device-Control-functions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ada-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ada_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ada_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrender1989" class="citation web cs1">Brender, Ronald F. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.adaic.com/pol-hist/history/9x-history/reports/charset-Oct89.txt">"Ada 9x Project Report: Character Set Issues for Ada 9x"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ada+9x+Project+Report%3A+Character+Set+Issues+for+Ada+9x&rft.pub=Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Brender&rft.aufirst=Ronald+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.adaic.com%2Fpol-hist%2Fhistory%2F9x-history%2Freports%2Fcharset-Oct89.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyGildeaDickey" class="citation web cs1">Moy, Edward; Gildea, Stephen; Dickey, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h3-Operating-System-Commands">"Operating System Commands"</a>. <i>XTerm Control Sequences</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XTerm+Control+Sequences&rft.atitle=Operating+System+Commands&rft.aulast=Moy&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Gildea%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Dickey%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvisible-island.net%2Fxterm%2Fctlseqs%2Fctlseqs.html%23h3-Operating-System-Commands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CruzGianone1997-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CruzGianone1997_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_da_CruzChristine_Gianone1997" class="citation book cs1">Frank da Cruz; Christine Gianone (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QuYQPc-c67MC&pg=PA278"><i>Using C-Kermit</i></a>. Digital Press. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55558-164-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55558-164-0"><bdi>978-1-55558-164-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Using+C-Kermit&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Digital+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55558-164-0&rft.au=Frank+da+Cruz&rft.au=Christine+Gianone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQuYQPc-c67MC%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tc-c0-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tc-c0_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tc-c0_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tc-c0_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). "6.4.2: Primary sets of coded control functions". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf#page=21"><i>Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (ECMA Standard) (6th ed.). p. 11. ECMA-35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.4.2%3A+Primary+sets+of+coded+control+functions&rft.btitle=Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf%23page%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1041985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2/WG-7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1985-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/104.pdf"><i>Minimum C0 set for ISO 4873</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minimum+C0+set+for+ISO+4873&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG-7&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F104.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1051985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2/WG-7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1985-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/105.pdf"><i>Minimum C1 Set for ISO 4873</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minimum+C1+Set+for+ISO+4873&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG-7&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F105.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). "6.2: Fixed coded characters". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf#page=17"><i>Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (ECMA Standard) (6th ed.). p. 7. ECMA-35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.2%3A+Fixed+coded+characters&rft.btitle=Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf%23page%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tc-c1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tc-c1_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). "6.4.3: Supplementary sets of coded control functions". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf#page=21"><i>Character Code Structure and Extension Techniques</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (ECMA Standard) (6th ed.). p. 11. ECMA-35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.4.3%3A+Supplementary+sets+of+coded+control+functions&rft.btitle=Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf%23page%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T61C0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T61C0_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1061985" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/106.pdf"><i>Teletex Primary Set of Control Functions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teletex+Primary+Set+of+Control+Functions&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1985&rft.au=ITU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F106.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1401987" class="citation cs1">Úřad pro normalizaci a měřeni (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/140.pdf"><i>The set of control characters of ISO 646, with EM replaced by SS2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+set+of+control+characters+of+ISO+646%2C+with+EM+replaced+by+SS2&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1987&rft.au=%C3%9A%C5%99ad+pro+normalizaci+a+m%C4%9B%C5%99eni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F140.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-361977" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/036.pdf"><i>The set of control characters of ISO 646, with IS4 replaced by Single Shift for G2 (SS2)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+set+of+control+characters+of+ISO+646%2C+with+IS4+replaced+by+Single+Shift+for+G2+%28SS2%29&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1977&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F036.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wg6-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wg6_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wg6_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/TC97/SC2/WG6" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC97/SC2/WG6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026055422/http://original-jpeg.org/Document%20archive/wg8/wg8n0604.pdf">"Liaison statement to ISO/TC97/SC2/WG8 and ISO/TC97/SC18/WG8"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISO/TC97/SC2/WG6 N317.rev. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://original-jpeg.org/Document%20archive/wg8/wg8n0604.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liaison+statement+to+ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG8+and+ISO%2FTC97%2FSC18%2FWG8&rft.au=ISO%2FTC97%2FSC2%2FWG6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal-jpeg.org%2FDocument%2520archive%2Fwg8%2Fwg8n0604.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-741982" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/074.pdf"><i>The C0 set of Control Characters of Japanese Standard JIS C 6225-1979</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+C0+set+of+Control+Characters+of+Japanese+Standard+JIS+C+6225-1979&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1982&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F074.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrintronix2012" class="citation cs1">Printronix (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://printronix.com/wp-content/uploads/manuals/PTX_PRM_OKI_N7_256482A.pdf#page=26"><i>OKI® Programmer's Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OKI%C2%AE+Programmer%27s+Reference+Manual&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Printronix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprintronix.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fmanuals%2FPTX_PRM_OKI_N7_256482A.pdf%23page%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso6630-old-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iso6630-old_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-671983" class="citation cs1">ISO/TC 46 (1983-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/067.pdf"><i>Additional Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to International Standard ISO 6630</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Control+Codes+for+Bibliographic+Use+according+to+International+Standard+ISO+6630&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1983-06-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F067.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso6630-1985-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iso6630-1985_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-1241986" class="citation cs1">ISO/TC 46 (1986-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/124.pdf"><i>Additional Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to International Standard ISO 6630</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additional+Control+Codes+for+Bibliographic+Use+according+to+International+Standard+ISO+6630&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1986-02-01&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utr16cdra-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-utr16cdra_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-utr16cdra_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUmamaheswaran1999" class="citation web cs1">Umamaheswaran, V.S. (1999-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr16/tr16-6.html#Step%202">"3.3 Step 2: Byte Conversion"</a>. <i>UTF-EBCDIC</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. Unicode Technical Report #16. <q>The 64 control characters […], the ASCII DELETE character (U+007F)[…] are mapped respecting EBCDIC conventions, as defined in IBM Character Data Representation Architecture, CDRA, with one exception -- the pairing of EBCDIC Line Feed and New Line control characters are swapped from their CDRA default pairings to ISO/IEC 6429 Line Feed (U+000A) and Next Line (U+0085) control characters</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UTF-EBCDIC&rft.atitle=3.3+Step+2%3A+Byte+Conversion&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr16%2Ftr16-6.html%23Step%25202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ms037-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ms037_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1996" class="citation cs1">Steele, Shawn (1996-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/EBCDIC/CP037.TXT"><i>cp037_IBMUSCanada to Unicode table</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>/<a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=cp037_IBMUSCanada+to+Unicode+table&rft.pub=Microsoft%2FUnicode+Consortium&rft.date=1996-04-24&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FMICSFT%2FEBCDIC%2FCP037.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unicode-23-1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unicode-23-1_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unicode-23-1_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/ch23.pdf#page=3">"23.1: Control Codes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i> (15.0.0 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. 2022. pp. 914–916. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-32-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-32-0"><bdi>978-1-936213-32-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=23.1%3A+Control+Codes&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.pages=914-916&rft.edition=15.0.0&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-32-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode15.0.0%2Fch23.pdf%23page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC0+and+C1+control+codes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>The Unicode Standard <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf">C0 Controls and Basic Latin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf">C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2400.pdf">Control Pictures</a></li> <li>The Unicode Standard, Version 6.1.0, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.1.0/ch16.pdf">Chapter 16: Special Areas and Format Characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atis.org/glossary/">ATIS Telecom Glossary 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/People/cmsmcq/2007/C1.xml"><i>De litteris regentibus C1 quaestiones septem</i> or <i>Are C1 characters legal in XHTML 1.0?</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-controls">W3C I18N FAQ: HTML, XHTML, XML and Control Codes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/english/vbcqpr00000004qn-att/ISO-IR.pdf">International register of coded character sets to be used with escape sequences</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1057" title="Code page 1057">1057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&oldid=1254251902#DLE">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&oldid=1254251902#DLE</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Control_characters" title="Category:Control characters">Control characters</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 03:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C0_and_C1_control_codes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#DLE" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b5stz","wgBackendResponseTime":147,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.914","walltime":"1.244","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11150,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":164223,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10877,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":239972,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1061.813 1 -total"," 31.28% 332.147 4 Template:Reflist"," 19.14% 203.253 21 Template:Citation"," 15.39% 163.451 11 Template:Cite_iso-ir"," 15.19% 161.282 16 Template:Efn"," 14.37% 152.599 7 Template:Nowrap"," 12.70% 134.878 6 Template:Code"," 8.97% 95.219 1 Template:Character_encoding"," 7.86% 83.484 1 Template:Refn"," 7.84% 83.248 20 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.457","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6632504,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4z62t","timestamp":"20241122141354","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"C0 and C1 control codes","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C0_and_C1_control_codes#DLE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718147","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718147","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-03T18:58:36Z","dateModified":"2024-10-30T03:12:41Z","headline":"control characters in Unicode, ranging from U+0000 to U+001F and U+007F (C0), and from U+0080 to U+009F (C1)"}</script> </body> </html>