CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/assets/img/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.okfn.org/xmlrpc.php">     <title>Research – Open Knowledge Foundation blog</title> <script defer data-domain="blog.okfn.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js"></script> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/research/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://blog.okfn.org/es/category/investigacion/" hreflang="es" /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Knowledge Foundation blog » Feed" href="https://blog.okfn.org/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blog.okfn.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.9.10"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([10084,65039,8205,55357,56613],[10084,65039,8203,55357,56613])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.9.10' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='stylesheet-css' href='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/style.css?ver=1700142288' media='all' /> <script src='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/assets/js/jquery.min.js?ver=5.9.10' id='jquery-js'></script> <script src='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/assets/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=5.9.10' id='bootstrap-js'></script> <script src='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/assets/js/jquery.mmenu.all.js?ver=5.9.10' id='mmenu-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/402" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.okfn.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <style> .molongui-disabled-link { border-bottom: none !important; text-decoration: none !important; color: inherit !important; cursor: inherit !important; } .molongui-disabled-link:hover, .molongui-disabled-link:hover span { border-bottom: none !important; text-decoration: none !important; color: inherit !important; cursor: inherit !important; } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2020/02/cropped-OKF-icon-for-social-media-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2020/02/cropped-OKF-icon-for-social-media-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2020/02/cropped-OKF-icon-for-social-media-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2020/02/cropped-OKF-icon-for-social-media-270x270.png" />   <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Open Knowledge Foundation blog"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Research"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.okfn.org/category/research/"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:description" content="A fair, sustainable and open future"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/12/okfn-standard-thumb.png"/> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/12/okfn-standard-thumb.png"/> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/12/okfn-standard-thumb.png"/>   <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://blog.okfn.org/category/research/"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="A fair, sustainable and open future"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/12/okfn-standard-thumb.png"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@okfn"/>     </head> <body class="archive category category-research category-402"> <div id="page"> <header class="site-header"> <div class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="brand" id="header-brand"> <h1> <a class="brand_link" rel="home" href="https://blog.okfn.org"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  <svg version="1.1" id="Ebene_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 587.7 166.1" style="enable-background:new 0 0 587.7 166.1;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{enable-background:new ;} .st1{fill:#03D1FF;} .st2{fill:#00D1FF;} .st3{display:none;enable-background:new ;} .st4{font-family:'HKGrotesk-Bold';} .st5{font-size:18.1px;} </style> <g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M170.1,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M166.4,66.3c0-11.8,7.2-19.5,17.9-19.5c10.7,0,17.9,7.8,17.9,19.5c0,11.7-7.2,19.5-17.9,19.5 C173.6,85.7,166.4,78,166.4,66.3z M195.4,66.3c0-8.1-4.3-13.2-11.2-13.2s-11.2,5-11.2,13.2c0,8.1,4.3,13.1,11.2,13.1 S195.4,74.3,195.4,66.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M234.4,71.7c0,8.6-4.7,13.7-11.2,13.7c-3,0-6-1.2-7.6-3.2v13.6h-6.4V58.5h6.4v2.6c1.8-2.3,4.8-3.2,7.6-3.2 C230.5,57.9,234.4,63.8,234.4,71.7z M228,71.7c0-5.2-2-8.1-6.3-8.1c-4.7,0-6.7,3.4-6.7,8.1c0,4.6,2,8.2,6.6,8.2 C225.9,79.8,228,76.8,228,71.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M263.5,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C263.6,72.2,263.6,73,263.5,73.8z M257.4,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H257.4z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M294.8,67.9v17.1h-6.4V69.5c0-1.8,0-5.9-4.9-5.9c-6,0-6,6.1-6,10.8v10.6H271V58.5h6.4v3.1c1.9-2.5,4.8-3.6,8-3.6 C291.4,57.9,294.8,61.6,294.8,67.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M343.1,84.9l-11.1-18.6l-7.1,7.2v11.4h-6.7V47.5h6.7v17.6l16.8-17.6h8.8l-13.9,14.2l14.3,23.3H343.1z"/> <path d="M379.3,67.9v17.1h-6.4V69.5c0-1.8,0-5.9-4.9-5.9c-6,0-6,6.1-6,10.8v10.6h-6.4V58.5h6.4v3.1c1.9-2.5,4.8-3.6,8-3.6 C375.9,57.9,379.3,61.6,379.3,67.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M381.9,71.7c0-7.5,5-13.7,13.3-13.7c8.2,0,13.3,6.2,13.3,13.7c0,7.5-5.1,13.8-13.3,13.8 C387,85.5,381.9,79.1,381.9,71.7z M402,71.7c0-4.3-1.9-8.1-6.8-8.1s-6.8,3.8-6.8,8.1c0,4.3,1.9,8.2,6.8,8.2S402,76,402,71.7z" /> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M411.3,58.5h6.9l4.5,16.6l5-16.6h5.5l5,16.5l4.6-16.5h6.9l-8.2,26.5h-5.8l-5.2-17.3l-5.2,17.3h-5.8L411.3,58.5z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M455.7,78.6V47.5h6.4v30.7c0,1.2,0.7,1.7,1.9,1.7c0.6,0,1.3-0.1,2-0.3v5.2c-1.4,0.5-2.9,0.8-4.1,0.8 C458.3,85.5,455.7,83.3,455.7,78.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M493.7,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C493.9,72.2,493.8,73,493.7,73.8z M487.7,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H487.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M524.3,47.5v37.4h-6.4v-2.6c-1.8,2.3-4.8,3.2-7.6,3.2c-7.2,0-11.2-5.9-11.2-13.8c0-8.6,4.7-13.7,11.2-13.7 c3,0,6,1.2,7.6,3.2V47.5H524.3z M518.5,71.7c0-4.4-2-7.9-6.6-7.9c-4.3,0-6.3,3-6.3,7.9c0,4.9,2,7.8,6.3,7.8 C516.5,79.5,518.5,76.1,518.5,71.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M555.6,88.5c0,5.5-5,7.9-12.2,7.9c-7.9,0-12.4-2.9-12.4-8.4c0-0.6,0.1-0.9,0.1-1.2l3.8-2.4c-1.9-1-3.2-2.7-3.2-5.4 c0-2.3,0.9-4,2.5-5.3c-1.3-1.7-2.1-3.8-2.1-6.1c0-5.7,4.9-9.7,10.8-9.7c2.3,0,4.5,0.6,6.2,1.7l4-3.4l3.4,4.1l-3.8,3.1 c0.7,1.3,1.1,2.9,1.1,4.6c0,5.9-4.9,9.7-10.7,9.7c-1.8,0-3.5-0.4-5.1-1c-0.5,0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8,1.4c0,1.9,2.7,2.5,6,2.9 C548.6,81.6,555.6,82.2,555.6,88.5z M549.1,89.1c0-2-3.4-2.3-7.2-2.8l-2.2-0.3l-2.3,2.2c-0.1,0.2-0.1,0.3-0.1,0.4 c0,2.3,3.3,3,6.3,3C546.4,91.6,549.1,91,549.1,89.1z M538.5,67.8c0,2.5,1.5,4.6,4.5,4.6c3,0,4.4-2,4.4-4.6 c0-2.7-1.7-4.5-4.4-4.5S538.5,65.1,538.5,67.8z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M583.4,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C583.6,72.2,583.5,73,583.4,73.8z M577.4,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H577.4z"/> </g> </g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M179.8,113.6c0-4,2.4-6.6,6-6.6c3.6,0,6,2.6,6,6.6c0,3.9-2.4,6.6-6,6.6C182.3,120.2,179.8,117.5,179.8,113.6z M189.6,113.6c0-2.7-1.5-4.4-3.8-4.4s-3.8,1.7-3.8,4.4c0,2.7,1.5,4.4,3.8,4.4S189.6,116.3,189.6,113.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M202.1,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8h-0.8v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H202.1z M199.1,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H199.1z"/> <path d="M219.5,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L219.5,117.3z M218.7,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H218.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M231.3,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M248,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6H249L248,117.3z M247.2,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H247.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M254.4,107.3h2.3v12.6h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M267.1,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8h-0.8v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H267.1z M264.2,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H264.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M273.2,117.5h2.5l-2.3,5H272L273.2,117.5z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M282.4,116.3l2.2-0.6c0.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,2.6,2.4c1.3,0,2.1-0.6,2.1-1.7c0-0.9-0.7-1.4-2.5-2.2c-2.6-1-3.6-2-3.6-3.8 c0-2,1.6-3.4,3.9-3.4c1.7,0,3,0.8,3.8,2.3l-1.9,1.2c-0.4-0.9-1.2-1.4-2-1.4c-0.9,0-1.6,0.6-1.6,1.4c0,0.8,0.6,1.3,2.5,2 c2.7,1,3.6,2,3.6,3.8c0,2.4-1.8,3.9-4.4,3.9C284.7,120.1,282.8,118.6,282.4,116.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M294.7,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9c1.9,0,2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C296.3,120.2,294.7,118.5,294.7,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M306.5,116.3l2.2-0.6c0.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,2.6,2.4c1.3,0,2.1-0.6,2.1-1.7c0-0.9-0.7-1.4-2.5-2.2c-2.6-1-3.6-2-3.6-3.8 c0-2,1.6-3.4,3.9-3.4c1.7,0,3,0.8,3.8,2.3l-1.9,1.2c-0.4-0.9-1.2-1.4-2-1.4c-0.9,0-1.6,0.6-1.6,1.4c0,0.8,0.6,1.3,2.5,2 c2.7,1,3.6,2,3.6,3.8c0,2.4-1.8,3.9-4.4,3.9C308.8,120.1,306.8,118.6,306.5,116.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M321.5,109.3h-3.9v-2.1h10.2v2.1h-3.9v10.5h-2.3V109.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M335.9,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L335.9,117.3z M335.1,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H335.1z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M342.3,107.3h2.3v12.6h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M358.1,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H358.1z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M368.4,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L368.4,117.3z M367.7,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H367.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M374.8,107.3h4.4c2.5,0,4,1.2,4,3.2c0,1.2-0.5,2.1-1.4,2.6c1.4,0.5,2.1,1.5,2.1,3.1c0,2.3-1.5,3.7-4.1,3.7h-5V107.3z M379.2,112.3c1.1,0,1.7-0.5,1.7-1.4c0-1-0.6-1.5-1.7-1.5h-2.1v2.9H379.2z M379.6,117.8c1.3,0,2-0.7,2-1.8c0-1.1-0.7-1.6-2-1.6 h-2.5v3.4H379.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M386.9,107.3h2.3v10.5h5.4v2.1h-7.7V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M396.9,107.3h8.4v2.1h-6.1v3h5.7v2.1h-5.7v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> <path d="M421,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6H422L421,117.3z M420.2,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H420.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M436.8,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H436.8z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M440.4,107.3h3.7c4.2,0,6.6,2.3,6.6,6.4c0,4-2.3,6.2-6.6,6.2h-3.6V107.3z M443.9,117.8c3.2,0,4.5-1.2,4.5-4.2 c0-2.9-1.3-4.2-4.3-4.2h-1.4v8.5H443.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M458,113.6c0-4,2.4-6.6,6-6.6c3.6,0,6,2.6,6,6.6c0,3.9-2.4,6.6-6,6.6C460.4,120.2,458,117.5,458,113.6z M467.8,113.6 c0-2.7-1.5-4.4-3.8-4.4c-2.3,0-3.8,1.7-3.8,4.4c0,2.7,1.5,4.4,3.8,4.4C466.3,118,467.8,116.3,467.8,113.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M473.4,107.3h4.1c2.8,0,4.3,1.2,4.3,3.6c0,2.4-1.5,3.7-4.3,3.7h-1.9v5.2h-2.2V107.3z M477.3,112.6 c1.6,0,2.3-0.5,2.3-1.6c0-1.1-0.7-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H477.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M484.3,107.3h8.4v2.1h-6.1v3h5.7v2.1h-5.7v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M505.7,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H505.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M514.6,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M525.2,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9s2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C526.9,120.2,525.2,118.5,525.2,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M540.8,109.3h-3.9v-2.1H547v2.1h-3.9v10.5h-2.3V109.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M549.5,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9s2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C551.2,120.2,549.5,118.5,549.5,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M569.6,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8H565v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H569.6z M566.6,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6H565v3.2H566.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M574.7,107.3h8.4v2.1H577v3h5.7v2.1H577v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> <g> <path class="st1" d="M103.1,63c4.2,4.2,7,9.7,7.9,15.6l12.1-12.1l30.4-30.4L130,12.6L99.6,42.9V0H66.4v60.1 C77.7,52,93.2,53.2,103.1,63z"/> <path class="st2" d="M111,87.5c-2.4,15.4-16.9,26-32.3,23.5c-4.4-0.7-8.6-2.4-12.2-5.1V166h33.2v-42.9l30.4,30.4l23.5-23.5 l-30.4-30.4C123.2,99.6,111,87.5,111,87.5z"/> <path d="M111,87.5c-2.5,15.4-17,26-32.5,23.5c-15.4-2.5-26-17-23.5-32.5c1-5.9,3.8-11.4,7.9-15.6c1.1-1.1,2.2-2,3.4-2.9 c12.6-9.2,30.3-6.4,39.5,6.2c2.6,3.6,4.4,7.8,5.1,12.3l12.1-12.1l30.4-30.4L130,12.6L99.6,42.9V0H66.4v42.9L36.1,12.6L12.6,36.1 l30.4,30.4H0v33.2h42.9L12.6,130l23.5,23.5l30.4-30.4v42.9h33.2v-42.9l30.4,30.4l23.5-23.5l-30.4-30.4L111,87.5z M104.2,47.4 l25.9-25.9l14.5,14.5L118.7,62l-4.9,4.9c-1.7-3.1-3.7-5.9-6.2-8.4c-2.5-2.5-5.3-4.6-8.3-6.2L104.2,47.4L104.2,47.4z M93.3,6.4 v43.6c-6.7-2-13.8-2-20.5,0V6.3C72.8,6.3,93.3,6.3,93.3,6.4z M21.6,36.1l14.5-14.5l24,24V57c-0.6,0.5-1.1,1-1.6,1.5 c-2.5,2.5-4.6,5.3-6.2,8.4L47.4,62C47.4,62,21.6,36.1,21.6,36.1z M6.4,93.3V72.8h43.6c-2,6.7-2,13.8,0,20.5 C49.9,93.3,6.3,93.3,6.4,93.3z M60.1,120.5l-24.1,24l-14.5-14.5l25.9-25.8l4.9-4.9c1.7,3.1,3.7,5.9,6.2,8.3c0.5,0.5,1,1,1.6,1.5 L60.1,120.5L60.1,120.5z M93.3,123.1v36.6H72.7v-43.6c6.7,2,13.8,2,20.5,0L93.3,123.1L93.3,123.1z M130,144.5l-25.8-25.9l-4.9-4.9 c6.2-3.3,11.2-8.3,14.5-14.5l4.9,4.9l25.9,25.9L130,144.5L130,144.5z"/> </g> </g> <text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 573.11 119.88)" class="st3 st4 st5">E</text> </svg> </a> </h1> </div> <a href="#mmenu" class="show-menu"> <span class="icon-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Open the menu</span> </a> <nav> <ul id="nav-social" class="secondary nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="twitter nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/okfn">Twitter/X</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="discuss nav-link" href="https://discuss.okfn.org/#">Forum</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="linkedin nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-knowledge-foundation">LinkedIn</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="mastodon nav-link" href="https://fosstodon.org/@okfn">Mastodon</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="primary nav"><li id="menu-item-17197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17197"><a href="http://okfn.org">↪ OKFN website</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-8980"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/latest/">All Posts</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-12666" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12666"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/submit/">Submit a guest post</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-28841-es" class="lang-item lang-item-1550 lang-item-es lang-item-first menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28841-es"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/es/category/investigacion/" hreflang="es-MX" lang="es-MX">Español</a></li> <li class="search"><label for="search"><span class="icon-search" aria-hidden="true" id="display-search-bar"></span><span class="sr-only">Search</span></label></li></ul> </nav> </div> <div class="search-bar" id="main-search-bar"> <div class="container"> <form class="search-form" action="https://blog.okfn.org/" method="get" role="search"> <input type="text" name="s" class="search-bar_input" value="" placeholder="Search..."> <div class="search-bar_submit"> <button type="submit" class="search-bar_button"> <span class="icon-search"></span> <span class="sr-only">Submit</span> </button> </div> </form> <button class="search-bar_button cancel"> <span class="icon-close" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Cancel</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner" id="page-banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="banner_text"> <h1> Blog </h1> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="breadcrumb" role="navigation" class="d-none d-xl-block"> <nav class="container" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a class="breadcrumb-item_link" href="https://blog.okfn.org">Home</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a class="breadcrumb-item_link" href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/community-en/">Community</a></li></ol> </nav> </div> <main class="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-8"> <article id="post-31059" class="post post--excerpt post-31059 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-community-en category-latin-america-hub category-open-climate category-open-knowledge-network category-open-science category-paraguay category-okfn-projects category-research category-the-tech-we-want"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2025/01/07/project-respira-open-innovation-for-environmental-justice-in-asuncion/" rel="bookmark">Project Respira: Open Innovation for Environmental Justice in Asunción</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Led by a member of the Open Knowledge Network in Paraguay, this project is an example of how free technology, open data and collaboration can provide innovative solutions to critical problems related to climate change and environmental justice.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-31001" class="post post--excerpt post-31001 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ai category-open-data category-open-data-editor category-open-software category-open-standards category-okfn-projects category-research category-technical category-the-tech-we-want"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2025/01/06/open-data-editor-how-and-why-we-are-integrating-ai-into-the-app/" rel="bookmark">Open Data Editor: How and why we are integrating AI into the app</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>How can AI help non-technical users validate and improve the quality of their data in the Open Data Editor, taking into account transparency, privacy, and functionality?</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-30876" class="post post--excerpt post-30876 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-data category-open-data-editor category-open-software category-okfn-projects category-research category-technical category-the-tech-we-want"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2024/12/10/open-data-editor-learnings-from-the-user-testing-sessions/" rel="bookmark">Open Data Editor: learnings from the user testing sessions</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Here is a short text explaining how we tested the Open Data Editor before its official stable release and what we learned from the process.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-30846" class="post post--excerpt post-30846 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-data category-open-data-editor category-open-software category-okfn-projects category-research category-technical category-the-tech-we-want"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2024/12/04/open-data-editor-user-testing-feedback-from-the-acij-team/" rel="bookmark">Open Data Editor user testing: feedback from the ACIJ team</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>As part of releasing the first stable version of the Open Data Editor, we publish the feedback from the team at ACIJ, an Argentine non-profit working to promote a more just and inclusive society, free from poverty and discrimination.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-30795" class="post post--excerpt post-30795 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-data-journalism category-open-data category-open-data-editor category-open-software category-okfn-projects category-research category-technical category-the-tech-we-want"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2024/11/29/open-data-editor-user-testing-feedback-from-the-storydata-team/" rel="bookmark">Open Data Editor user testing: feedback from the StoryData team</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>As part of releasing the first stable version of the Open Data Editor, we publish the feedback from the team at StoryData, a Barcelona-based agency with experts in data research, analysis, visualisation and communication.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-30717" class="post post--excerpt post-30717 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-advocacy category-open-research category-open-standards category-releases category-reports category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2024/11/18/report-open-movements-commons-causes/" rel="bookmark">Report: Open Movement’s Common(s) Causes</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This report outlines a shared advocacy strategy for the Knowledge Commons, based on a mapping of opportunities and threats facing the open movement that took place at Common(s) Cause, a Wikimania 2024 side event.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-28941" class="post post--excerpt post-28941 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-dpi-elections category-our-work category-research category-the-tech-we-want tag-democracy tag-digital-public-good tag-digital-public-infrastructure-en tag-dpga-en tag-elections tag-ethiopia tag-freedom-of-information tag-open-elections-en"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2023/12/04/how-dpi-can-help-fight-information-pollution-during-elections/" rel="bookmark">How DPI can help fight Information Pollution during elections</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Our workshop in Ethiopia with DPGA members detected misinformation in three stages of the electoral process: voters’ registration, campaigns, and election day. Check out the results.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-28869" class="post post--excerpt post-28869 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-definition category-releases category-research tag-alliances tag-commons-en tag-digital-commons tag-governance tag-open-future tag-open-knowledge tag-open-knowledge-foundation tag-report tag-strategy tag-wikimedia"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2023/11/09/new-release-problematising-strategic-tension-lines-in-the-digital-commons/" rel="bookmark">New Release: Problematising Strategic Tension Lines in the Digital Commons</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>As a part of our exploration of the open movement, last May, we hosted a workshop with a small group of the movement’s leaders. It was co-organised by our partners at Open Future and Wikimedia Europe. The convening built up on what was found out in Shifting Tides – quality research about the state of the movement conducted […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-28027" class="post post--excerpt post-28027 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-research category-the-tech-we-want tag-election-standards tag-elections tag-open-data tag-open-knowledge-network"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2023/03/13/how-far-are-we-from-an-election-data-standard/" rel="bookmark">How far are we from an Election Data standard?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Last Friday we had a nice and spontaneous talk about election data that we saw as a great collaboration opportunity.</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24858" class="post post--excerpt post-24858 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-global-open-data-index category-research tag-africa tag-open-data-index tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2019/03/05/how-open-is-government-data-in-africa/" rel="bookmark">How open is government data in Africa?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Findings from the Africa Open Data Index and Africa Data Revolution Report Today, we are pleased to announce the results of Open Knowledge International’s Africa Open Data Index. This regional version of our Global Open Data Index collected baseline data on open data publication in 30 African countries to provide input for the second Africa […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24785" class="post post--excerpt post-24785 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-open-data tag-open-data-governance tag-policy-2 tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2019/02/20/open-data-governance-and-open-governance-interplay-or-disconnect/" rel="bookmark">Open data governance and open governance: interplay or disconnect? </a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Authors: Ana Brandusescu, Carlos Iglesias, Danny Lämmerhirt, Stefaan Verhulst (in alphabetical order) The presence of open data often gets listed as an essential requirement toward “open governance”. For instance, an open data strategy is reviewed as a key component of many action plans submitted to the Open Government Partnership. Yet little time is spent on […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24676" class="post post--excerpt post-24676 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-citizen-generated-data category-research tag-citizen-generated-data tag-research tag-sdg"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2018/12/17/advancing-sustainability-together-launching-new-report-on-citizen-generated-data-and-its-relevance-for-the-sdgs/" rel="bookmark">Advancing Sustainability Together: Launching new report on citizen-generated data and its relevance for the SDGs</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We are pleased to announce the launch of our latest report Advancing Sustainability Together? Citizen-Generated Data and the Sustainable Development Goals. The research is the result of a collaboration with King’s College London, Public Data Lab and the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data. Citizen-generated data (CGD) expands what gets measured, how, and for what […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24443" class="post post--excerpt post-24443 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-citizen-data tag-citizen-generated-data tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2018/08/13/new-research-to-map-the-diversity-of-citizen-generated-data-for-sustainable-development/" rel="bookmark">New research to map the diversity of citizen-generated data for sustainable development</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We are excited to announce a new research project around citizen-generated data and the UN data revolution. This research will be led by Open Knowledge International in partnership with King’s College London and the Public Data Lab to develop a vocabulary for governments to navigate the landscape of citizen-generated data. This research elaborates on past […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24245" class="post post--excerpt post-24245 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-open-government-data category-open-standards category-policy category-research tag-eu tag-licence tag-open-data tag-policy-2 tag-psi"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2018/06/21/europes-proposed-psi-directive-a-good-baseline-for-future-open-data-policies/" rel="bookmark">Europe’s proposed PSI Directive: A good baseline for future open data policies?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Some weeks ago, the European Commission proposed an update of the PSI Directive**. The PSI Directive regulates the reuse of public sector information (including administrative government data), and has important consequences for the development of Europe’s open data policies. Like every legislative proposal, the PSI Directive proposal is open for public feedback until July 13. […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-24078" class="post post--excerpt post-24078 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-open-data-measurements tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2018/05/21/the-open-data-charter-measurement-guide-is-out-now/" rel="bookmark">The Open Data Charter Measurement Guide is out now!</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This post was jointly written by Ana Brandusescu (Web Foundation) and Danny Lämmerhirt (Open Knowledge International), co-chairs of the Measurement and Accountability Working Group of the Open Data Charter. It was originally published via the Open Data Charter’s Medium account.     We are pleased to announce the launch of our Open Data Charter Measurement Guide. The […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-23832" class="post post--excerpt post-23832 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-open-data tag-open-data-charter tag-open-data-measurements"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2018/03/13/the-open-data-charters-measurement-guide-is-now-open-for-consultation/" rel="bookmark">The Open Data Charter’s Measurement Guide is now open for consultation!</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This blogpost is co-authored by Ana Brandusescu and Danny Lämmerhirt, co-chairs of the Measurement and Accountability Working Group of the Open Data Charter. The Measurement and Accountability Working Group (MAWG) is launching the public consultation phase for the draft Open Data Charter Measurement* Guide! Measurement tools are often described in technical language. The Guide explains how […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-23594" class="post post--excerpt post-23594 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-licence tag-open-data tag-policy-2 tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/12/14/new-report-avoiding-data-use-silos-how-governments-can-simplify-the-open-licensing-landscape/" rel="bookmark">New Report: Avoiding data use silos – How governments can simplify the open licensing landscape</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We are pleased to announce our latest report ‘Avoiding data use silos – How governments can simplify the open licensing landscape’. This report outlines the problems of an ever-growing complexity of open licences, the risk of data use silos, and explains why reusable standard licences, or putting the data in the public domain are the […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-23535" class="post post--excerpt post-23535 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-global-open-data-index tag-godi tag-godi16 tag-open-data-survey tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/11/29/new-report-governing-by-rankings-how-the-global-open-data-index-helps-advance-the-open-data-agenda/" rel="bookmark">New report: Governing by rankings – How the Global Open Data Index helps advance the open data agenda</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This blogpost was jointly written by Danny Lämmerhirt and Mária Žuffová (University of Strathclyde). We are pleased to announce our latest report Governing by rankings – How the Global Open Data Index helps advance the open data agenda. The Global Open Data Index (GODI) is one of the largest worldwide assessments of how well governments publish […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-23162" class="post post--excerpt post-23162 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-knowledge category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/08/08/new-research-understanding-the-drivers-of-license-proliferation/" rel="bookmark">New research: Understanding the drivers of license proliferation</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Open licensing is still a major challenge for open data publication. In a recent blog post on the state of open licensing in 2017 Open Knowledge International identified that governments often decide to create custom licenses instead of using standard open licenses such as Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. This so-called license proliferation is problematic for […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-22459" class="post post--excerpt post-22459 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research tag-civic-tech tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/04/28/take-aways-from-tictec2017-what-happen-when-civic-tech-and-research-meet/" rel="bookmark">Take aways from TicTec2017 – what happens when civic tech and research meet</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This week mySociety held TICTeC 2017 in Italy, a conference to present and debate the impact of civic technology. The programme was well curated, convening high-quality talks from theory and practice, while striking a balance between discussing fundamental questions and looking at practical solutions. All session notes are stored on a hackfoldr that was kindly […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-21520" class="post post--excerpt post-21520 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/02/16/mapping-open-data-governance-models-who-decides-and-how/" rel="bookmark">Mapping open data governance models: Who makes decisions about government data and how?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Different countries have different models to govern and administer their open data activities. Ana Brandusescu, Danny Lämmerhirt and Stefaan Verhulst call for a systematic and comparative investigation of the different governance models for open data policy and publication. The Challenge An important value proposition behind open data involves increased transparency and accountability of governance. Yet […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-21477" class="post post--excerpt post-21477 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/02/09/data-and-the-city-new-report-on-how-public-data-is-fostering-civic-engagement-in-urban-regions/" rel="bookmark">Data and the City: New report on how public data is fostering civic engagement in urban regions</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>How can city data infrastructures support public participation in local governance and policy-making? Research by Jonathan Gray and Danny Lämmerhirt examines the new relationships and public spaces emerging between public institutions, civil society groups, and citizens. The development of urban regions will significantly affect the lives of millions of people around the world. Urbanization poses challenges including […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-21261" class="post post--excerpt post-21261 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2017/01/18/10-critical-insights-for-democratising-the-data-revolution/" rel="bookmark">10 Critical Insights for Democratising the Data Revolution</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This week marks the launch of the first-ever UN World Data Forum, aimed at bringing together data experts and sustainable development leaders. Danny Lämmerhirt shares findings from a new research series on citizen-generated data, how it can be used to monitor and drive change for sustainable development, and why this matters for civil society. Image […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-21113" class="post post--excerpt post-21113 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2016/12/22/new-report-making-citizen-generated-data-work/" rel="bookmark">New Report: Making Citizen-Generated Data Work</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Read the full report here. We are pleased to announce a new research series investigating how citizens and civil society create data to drive sustainable development. The series follows on from earlier papers on Democratising The Data Revolution and how citizen-generated data can change what public institutions measure. The first report “Making Citizen-Generated Data Work” asks […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-20647" class="post post--excerpt post-20647 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-events category-open-data category-open-government-data category-policy category-research tag-data-infrastructures tag-iodc16 tag-open-data"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2016/10/05/future-data-society/" rel="bookmark">Who Will Shape the Future of the Data Society?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>This piece was originally posted on the blog of the International Open Data Conference 2016, which takes place in Madrid, 6-7th October 2016. The contemporary world is held together by a vast and overlapping fabric of information systems. These information systems do not only tell us things about the world around us. They also play […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-20526" class="post post--excerpt post-20526 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-events category-open-data category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2016/09/20/how-to-advance-open-data-research-renewing-our-focus-on-the-demand-of-open-data-user-needs-and-data-for-society/" rel="bookmark">How to advance open data research: Renewing our focus on the demand of open data, user needs and data for society.</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Ahead of this year’s International Open Data Conference #iodc16, Danny Lämmerhirt and Stefaan Verhulst provide information on the Measuring and Increasing Impact Action Session, which will be held on Friday October 7, 2016 at IODC in Room E. Further information on the session can be found here. Lord Kelvin’s famous quote “If you can not measure […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-20132" class="post post--excerpt post-20132 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-open-data category-open-software category-openclosed category-policy category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2016/07/13/why-open-source-software-matters-for-government-and-civic-tech-and-how-to-support-it/" rel="bookmark">Why Open Source Software Matters for Government and Civic Tech – and How to Support It</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Today we’re publishing a new white paper looking at whether free/open source software matters for government and civic tech. Matters in the sense that it should have a deep and strategic role in government IT and policy rather than just being a “nice to have” or something “we use when we can”. As the paper shows the […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-18189" class="post post--excerpt post-18189 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-journalism category-open-data category-open-government-data category-policy category-research tag-advocacy tag-citizen-data tag-citizen-generated-data tag-civil-society tag-civil-society-data tag-data-journalism tag-data-revolution tag-open-data tag-public-information"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2016/03/03/changing-what-counts/" rel="bookmark">New Report: “Changing What Counts: How Can Citizen-Generated and Civil Society Data Be Used as an Advocacy Tool to Change Official Data Collection?”</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Following on from our discussion paper on “Democratising the Data Revolution”, today we’re pleased to announce the release of a new report titled “Changing What Counts: How Can Citizen-Generated and Civil Society Data Be Used as an Advocacy Tool to Change Official Data Collection?”. Undertaken as a collaboration between Open Knowledge and the CIVICUS DataShift, […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-18030" class="post post--excerpt post-18030 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-open-knowledge category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2015/09/30/6-lessons-from-sharing-humanitarian-data/" rel="bookmark">6 lessons from sharing humanitarian data</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Cross-posted from scraperwiki.com This post is a write-up of the talk I gave at Strata London in May 2015 called “Sharing humanitarian data at the United Nations”. You can find the slides on that page. The Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) is an unusual data hub. It’s made by the UN, and is successfully used by […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-18027" class="post post--excerpt post-18027 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-policy category-releases category-research tag-digital-methods tag-financial-transparency tag-issue-mapping tag-open-budget-data tag-open-data tag-open-government-data-2 tag-public-money-2 tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2015/09/02/mapping-open-budget-data/" rel="bookmark">New Report: “Open Budget Data: Mapping the Landscape”</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>We’re pleased to announce a new report, “Open Budget Data: Mapping the Landscape” undertaken as a collaboration between Open Knowledge, the Global Initiative for Financial Transparency and the Digital Methods Initiative at the University of Amsterdam. The report offers an unprecedented empirical mapping and analysis of the emerging issue of open budget data, which has […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-17981" class="post post--excerpt post-17981 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-journalism category-open-data category-open-government-data category-open-knowledge category-policy category-research tag-campaigning tag-civil-society tag-data-infrastructures tag-data-journalism tag-data-revolution tag-open-data"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2015/07/09/democratising-the-data-revolution/" rel="bookmark">New Discussion Paper: “Democratising the Data Revolution”</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>“New technologies are leading to an exponential increase in the volume and types of data available, creating unprecedented possibilities for informing and transforming society and protecting the environment. Governments, companies, researchers and citizen groups are in a ferment of experimentation, innovation and adaptation to the new world of data, a world in which data are […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-17972" class="post post--excerpt post-17972 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-data-journalism category-open-knowledge category-open-spending category-policy category-research category-wdmmg tag-data-journalism tag-eu tag-european-union tag-financial-transparency tag-follow-the-money tag-open-budget-data tag-open-fiscal-data tag-open-spending tag-where-does-my-money-go"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2015/07/02/where-does-europes-money-go/" rel="bookmark">Just Released: “Where Does Europe’s Money Go? A Guide to EU Budget Data Sources”</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>The EU has committed to spending €959 988 million between 2014 and 2020. This money is disbursed through over 80 funds and programmes that are managed by over 100 different authorities. Where does this money come from? How is it allocated? And how is it spent? Today we are delighted to announce the release of […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-17761" class="post post--excerpt post-17761 type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-open-data category-policy category-research tag-financial-transparency tag-follow-the-money tag-open-budget-data tag-open-budgets tag-open-spending tag-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2015/03/04/new-research-project-to-map-the-impact-of-open-budget-data/" rel="bookmark">New research project to map the impact of open budget data</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>I’m pleased to announce a new research project to examine the impact of open budget data, undertaken as a collaboration between Open Knowledge and the Digital Methods Initiative at the University of Amsterdam, supported by the Global Initiative for Financial Transparency (GIFT). The project will include an empirical mapping of who is active around open […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-3587" class="post post--excerpt post-3587 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2010/08/02/about-inferencing/" rel="bookmark">About Inferencing</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Inferencing, or machine reasoning has a slightly unsavoury reputation perhaps stemming from the failure of Strong AI and its association with science fiction. This is a bit unfortunate and it could be argued that it has led Semantic Web technologies to be underdeveloped. With the Semantic Web and RDF we are concerned with simple statements, […]</p> </div> </article> <article id="post-21" class="post post--excerpt post-21 type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open-definition category-research"> <header class="post-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/2006/05/09/the-four-principles-of-open-knowledge-development/" rel="bookmark">The Four Principles of (Open) Knowledge Development</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>[Further discussion and elucidation of the ideas in this piece can be found in the follow-up: What Do We Mean by Componentization (for Knowledge)?] Introduction Open knowledge means porting much more of the open source stack than just the idea of open licensing. It is about porting many of the processes and tools that attach […]</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="sidebar col-lg-4"> <ul> <li id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><h3 class="widgettitle">Search</h3><form class="search-form" action="https://blog.okfn.org/" method="get" role="search"> <input type="text" name="s" class="search-bar_input" value="" placeholder="Search..."> <div class="search-bar_submit"> <button type="submit" class="search-bar_button"> <span class="icon-search"></span> <span class="sr-only">Submit</span> </button> </div> </form> </li><li id="tag_cloud-4" class="widget widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widgettitle">Browse by Topic</h3><div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/ckan/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-65 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 13.222222222222pt;" aria-label="CKAN (99 items)">CKAN</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/community-en/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-354 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 12.444444444444pt;" aria-label="Community (84 items)">Community</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/data-journalism/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-117 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 10.555555555556pt;" aria-label="Data Journalism (57 items)">Data Journalism</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/events/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-10 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 20.111111111111pt;" aria-label="Events (413 items)">Events</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/frictionless-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-466 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 11.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Frictionless Data (73 items)">Frictionless Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/global-open-data-index/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-362 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8.6666666666667pt;" aria-label="Global Open Data Index (38 items)">Global Open Data Index</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn/join-us/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-207 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 9.3333333333333pt;" aria-label="Join us (44 items)">Join us</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/metadata/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-21 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 8.1111111111111pt;" aria-label="Metadata (34 items)">Metadata</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/news/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 18.888888888889pt;" aria-label="News (322 items)">News</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-data-day/odd-stories/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2627 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 9.5555555555556pt;" aria-label="ODD Stories (46 items)">ODD Stories</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/events/okfest/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-191 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.2222222222222pt;" aria-label="OKFest (43 items)">OKFest</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/openclosed/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-45 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 10.555555555556pt;" aria-label="Open/Closed (56 items)">Open/Closed</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-access/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-31 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 12.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Open Access (91 items)">Open Access</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-32 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="Open Data (619 items)">Open Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-data-day/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-465 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 18.111111111111pt;" aria-label="Open Data Day (277 items)">Open Data Day</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-data-day/open-data-day-2020/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2079 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 11.444444444444pt;" aria-label="Open Data Day 2020 (68 items)">Open Data Day 2020</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/open-definition/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-34 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 12.444444444444pt;" aria-label="Open Definition (84 items)">Open Definition</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-geodata/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-36 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Open Geodata (33 items)">Open Geodata</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-glam/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-182 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 9.5555555555556pt;" aria-label="Open GLAM (46 items)">Open GLAM</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-government-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 19.888888888889pt;" aria-label="Open Government Data (395 items)">Open Government Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-knowledge/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-383 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 15.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Open Knowledge (169 items)">Open Knowledge</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-27 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 18pt;" aria-label="Open Knowledge Foundation (271 items)">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-knowledge-network/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-239 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 15.888888888889pt;" aria-label="Open Knowledge Network (173 items)">Open Knowledge Network</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-science/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-40 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 13.555555555556pt;" aria-label="Open Science (107 items)">Open Science</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/open-spending/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-115 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 11.666666666667pt;" aria-label="Open Spending (72 items)">Open Spending</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/open-standards/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-43 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 10.888888888889pt;" aria-label="Open Standards (61 items)">Open Standards</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/our-work/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-188 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 13.777777777778pt;" aria-label="Our Work (110 items)">Our Work</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/policy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-46 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 15pt;" aria-label="Policy (142 items)">Policy</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-29 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 17.111111111111pt;" aria-label="Projects (225 items)">Projects</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/public-domain/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-49 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 12.666666666667pt;" aria-label="Public Domain (88 items)">Public Domain</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/public-domain-works/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 8.3333333333333pt;" aria-label="Public Domain Works (35 items)">Public Domain Works</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/releases/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-51 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 9pt;" aria-label="Releases (41 items)">Releases</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/research/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-402 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 8.3333333333333pt;" aria-label="Research (35 items)">Research</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/school-of-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-190 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 8.1111111111111pt;" aria-label="School of Data (34 items)">School of Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/talks/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-53 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 12.666666666667pt;" aria-label="Talks (89 items)">Talks</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/technical/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-54 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 10.888888888889pt;" aria-label="Technical (60 items)">Technical</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/the-tech-we-want/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2724 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 9.7777777777778pt;" aria-label="The Tech We Want (48 items)">The Tech We Want</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-economics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-73 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="WG Economics (33 items)">WG Economics</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-eu-open-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-74 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 13.555555555556pt;" aria-label="WG EU Open Data (106 items)">WG EU Open Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-open-data-in-science/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-78 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8.1111111111111pt;" aria-label="WG Open Data in Science (34 items)">WG Open Data in Science</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-open-government-data/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-80 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 15.666666666667pt;" aria-label="WG Open Government Data (166 items)">WG Open Government Data</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-public-domain/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-82 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 8.5555555555556pt;" aria-label="WG Public Domain (37 items)">WG Public Domain</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/okfn-projects/wdmmg/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-59 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 8.5555555555556pt;" aria-label="Where Does My Money Go (37 items)">Where Does My Money Go</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-60 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 14.333333333333pt;" aria-label="Working Groups (124 items)">Working Groups</a> <a href="https://blog.okfn.org/category/events/workshop/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-61 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 10pt;" aria-label="Workshop (50 items)">Workshop</a></div> </li><li id="block-6" class="widget widget_block"> <h5>Tools</h5> </li><li id="block-7" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://opendatacommons.org" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/open-data-commons.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28853" width="146" height="46"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://opendefinition.org/" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/open-definition-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28852" width="166" height="47"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-8" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://opendataeditor.okfn.org" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/opendataeditor-landscape-full-1x.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28855" width="149" height="47"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-9" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://frictionlessdata.io" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/frictionlessdata-short-full-1x.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28854" width="159" height="47"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-10" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://ckan.org" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/CKAN-full.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28856" width="107" height="30"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-14" class="widget widget_block"> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li id="block-11" class="widget widget_block"> <h5>Community</h5> </li><li id="block-12" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://network.okfn.org/specialist/" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/global-directory.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28857" width="217" height="45"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-13" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://network.okfn.org/project/" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/project-repository.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28858" width="238" height="45"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-15" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://opendataday.org" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/files/2023/11/ODD-logo-landscape-full-1x.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28859" width="231" height="37"/></a></figure> </li><li id="block-16" class="widget widget_block"> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li id="text-12" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img class="alignnone aligncenter" style="border-width: 3;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </main> <section class="footer-cta"> <div class="container"> <div class="text"> <p>Don't miss a thing! Stay on top of what's happening in the #OpenMovement around the world.</p> </div> <div class="link"> <a href="https://us9.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=73f922f8e68e21a10efa21f02&id=32d370a7fc">Subscribe to our Newsletter</a> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-primary"> <a class="footer-logo" href="https://okfn.org/"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  <svg version="1.1" id="Ebene_2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 587.7 166.1" style="enable-background:new 0 0 587.7 166.1;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st0{enable-background:new ;} .st1{fill:#03D1FF;} .st2{fill:#00D1FF;} .st3{display:none;enable-background:new ;} .st4{font-family:'HKGrotesk-Bold';} .st5{font-size:18.1px;} </style> <g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M170.1,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M166.4,66.3c0-11.8,7.2-19.5,17.9-19.5c10.7,0,17.9,7.8,17.9,19.5c0,11.7-7.2,19.5-17.9,19.5 C173.6,85.7,166.4,78,166.4,66.3z M195.4,66.3c0-8.1-4.3-13.2-11.2-13.2s-11.2,5-11.2,13.2c0,8.1,4.3,13.1,11.2,13.1 S195.4,74.3,195.4,66.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M234.4,71.7c0,8.6-4.7,13.7-11.2,13.7c-3,0-6-1.2-7.6-3.2v13.6h-6.4V58.5h6.4v2.6c1.8-2.3,4.8-3.2,7.6-3.2 C230.5,57.9,234.4,63.8,234.4,71.7z M228,71.7c0-5.2-2-8.1-6.3-8.1c-4.7,0-6.7,3.4-6.7,8.1c0,4.6,2,8.2,6.6,8.2 C225.9,79.8,228,76.8,228,71.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M263.5,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C263.6,72.2,263.6,73,263.5,73.8z M257.4,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H257.4z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M294.8,67.9v17.1h-6.4V69.5c0-1.8,0-5.9-4.9-5.9c-6,0-6,6.1-6,10.8v10.6H271V58.5h6.4v3.1c1.9-2.5,4.8-3.6,8-3.6 C291.4,57.9,294.8,61.6,294.8,67.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M343.1,84.9l-11.1-18.6l-7.1,7.2v11.4h-6.7V47.5h6.7v17.6l16.8-17.6h8.8l-13.9,14.2l14.3,23.3H343.1z"/> <path d="M379.3,67.9v17.1h-6.4V69.5c0-1.8,0-5.9-4.9-5.9c-6,0-6,6.1-6,10.8v10.6h-6.4V58.5h6.4v3.1c1.9-2.5,4.8-3.6,8-3.6 C375.9,57.9,379.3,61.6,379.3,67.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M381.9,71.7c0-7.5,5-13.7,13.3-13.7c8.2,0,13.3,6.2,13.3,13.7c0,7.5-5.1,13.8-13.3,13.8 C387,85.5,381.9,79.1,381.9,71.7z M402,71.7c0-4.3-1.9-8.1-6.8-8.1s-6.8,3.8-6.8,8.1c0,4.3,1.9,8.2,6.8,8.2S402,76,402,71.7z" /> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M411.3,58.5h6.9l4.5,16.6l5-16.6h5.5l5,16.5l4.6-16.5h6.9l-8.2,26.5h-5.8l-5.2-17.3l-5.2,17.3h-5.8L411.3,58.5z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M455.7,78.6V47.5h6.4v30.7c0,1.2,0.7,1.7,1.9,1.7c0.6,0,1.3-0.1,2-0.3v5.2c-1.4,0.5-2.9,0.8-4.1,0.8 C458.3,85.5,455.7,83.3,455.7,78.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M493.7,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C493.9,72.2,493.8,73,493.7,73.8z M487.7,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H487.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M524.3,47.5v37.4h-6.4v-2.6c-1.8,2.3-4.8,3.2-7.6,3.2c-7.2,0-11.2-5.9-11.2-13.8c0-8.6,4.7-13.7,11.2-13.7 c3,0,6,1.2,7.6,3.2V47.5H524.3z M518.5,71.7c0-4.4-2-7.9-6.6-7.9c-4.3,0-6.3,3-6.3,7.9c0,4.9,2,7.8,6.3,7.8 C516.5,79.5,518.5,76.1,518.5,71.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M555.6,88.5c0,5.5-5,7.9-12.2,7.9c-7.9,0-12.4-2.9-12.4-8.4c0-0.6,0.1-0.9,0.1-1.2l3.8-2.4c-1.9-1-3.2-2.7-3.2-5.4 c0-2.3,0.9-4,2.5-5.3c-1.3-1.7-2.1-3.8-2.1-6.1c0-5.7,4.9-9.7,10.8-9.7c2.3,0,4.5,0.6,6.2,1.7l4-3.4l3.4,4.1l-3.8,3.1 c0.7,1.3,1.1,2.9,1.1,4.6c0,5.9-4.9,9.7-10.7,9.7c-1.8,0-3.5-0.4-5.1-1c-0.5,0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8,1.4c0,1.9,2.7,2.5,6,2.9 C548.6,81.6,555.6,82.2,555.6,88.5z M549.1,89.1c0-2-3.4-2.3-7.2-2.8l-2.2-0.3l-2.3,2.2c-0.1,0.2-0.1,0.3-0.1,0.4 c0,2.3,3.3,3,6.3,3C546.4,91.6,549.1,91,549.1,89.1z M538.5,67.8c0,2.5,1.5,4.6,4.5,4.6c3,0,4.4-2,4.4-4.6 c0-2.7-1.7-4.5-4.4-4.5S538.5,65.1,538.5,67.8z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M583.4,73.8h-18.1c0.3,3.5,2.4,5.8,6.6,5.8c2.4,0,4.5-0.8,6.3-2.8l4.5,3.9c-2.9,3.2-6.4,4.8-10.8,4.8 c-9.1,0-13-6.6-13-13.6c0-6.9,3.8-13.9,12.6-13.9c8.2,0,12.2,6.1,12.2,13.4C583.6,72.2,583.5,73,583.4,73.8z M577.4,68.7 c-0.1-3.4-2.7-5.4-6.1-5.4c-3.9,0-5.7,2.8-6.1,5.4H577.4z"/> </g> </g> <g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M179.8,113.6c0-4,2.4-6.6,6-6.6c3.6,0,6,2.6,6,6.6c0,3.9-2.4,6.6-6,6.6C182.3,120.2,179.8,117.5,179.8,113.6z M189.6,113.6c0-2.7-1.5-4.4-3.8-4.4s-3.8,1.7-3.8,4.4c0,2.7,1.5,4.4,3.8,4.4S189.6,116.3,189.6,113.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M202.1,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8h-0.8v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H202.1z M199.1,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H199.1z"/> <path d="M219.5,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L219.5,117.3z M218.7,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H218.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M231.3,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M248,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6H249L248,117.3z M247.2,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H247.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M254.4,107.3h2.3v12.6h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M267.1,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8h-0.8v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H267.1z M264.2,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H264.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M273.2,117.5h2.5l-2.3,5H272L273.2,117.5z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M282.4,116.3l2.2-0.6c0.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,2.6,2.4c1.3,0,2.1-0.6,2.1-1.7c0-0.9-0.7-1.4-2.5-2.2c-2.6-1-3.6-2-3.6-3.8 c0-2,1.6-3.4,3.9-3.4c1.7,0,3,0.8,3.8,2.3l-1.9,1.2c-0.4-0.9-1.2-1.4-2-1.4c-0.9,0-1.6,0.6-1.6,1.4c0,0.8,0.6,1.3,2.5,2 c2.7,1,3.6,2,3.6,3.8c0,2.4-1.8,3.9-4.4,3.9C284.7,120.1,282.8,118.6,282.4,116.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M294.7,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9c1.9,0,2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C296.3,120.2,294.7,118.5,294.7,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M306.5,116.3l2.2-0.6c0.2,1.5,1.2,2.4,2.6,2.4c1.3,0,2.1-0.6,2.1-1.7c0-0.9-0.7-1.4-2.5-2.2c-2.6-1-3.6-2-3.6-3.8 c0-2,1.6-3.4,3.9-3.4c1.7,0,3,0.8,3.8,2.3l-1.9,1.2c-0.4-0.9-1.2-1.4-2-1.4c-0.9,0-1.6,0.6-1.6,1.4c0,0.8,0.6,1.3,2.5,2 c2.7,1,3.6,2,3.6,3.8c0,2.4-1.8,3.9-4.4,3.9C308.8,120.1,306.8,118.6,306.5,116.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M321.5,109.3h-3.9v-2.1h10.2v2.1h-3.9v10.5h-2.3V109.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M335.9,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L335.9,117.3z M335.1,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H335.1z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M342.3,107.3h2.3v12.6h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M358.1,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H358.1z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M368.4,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6h-2.5L368.4,117.3z M367.7,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H367.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M374.8,107.3h4.4c2.5,0,4,1.2,4,3.2c0,1.2-0.5,2.1-1.4,2.6c1.4,0.5,2.1,1.5,2.1,3.1c0,2.3-1.5,3.7-4.1,3.7h-5V107.3z M379.2,112.3c1.1,0,1.7-0.5,1.7-1.4c0-1-0.6-1.5-1.7-1.5h-2.1v2.9H379.2z M379.6,117.8c1.3,0,2-0.7,2-1.8c0-1.1-0.7-1.6-2-1.6 h-2.5v3.4H379.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M386.9,107.3h2.3v10.5h5.4v2.1h-7.7V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M396.9,107.3h8.4v2.1h-6.1v3h5.7v2.1h-5.7v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> <path d="M421,117.3h-4.9l-1,2.6h-2.5l5-12.6h1.7l5,12.6H422L421,117.3z M420.2,115.2l-1.7-4.6l-1.7,4.6H420.2z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M436.8,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H436.8z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M440.4,107.3h3.7c4.2,0,6.6,2.3,6.6,6.4c0,4-2.3,6.2-6.6,6.2h-3.6V107.3z M443.9,117.8c3.2,0,4.5-1.2,4.5-4.2 c0-2.9-1.3-4.2-4.3-4.2h-1.4v8.5H443.9z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M458,113.6c0-4,2.4-6.6,6-6.6c3.6,0,6,2.6,6,6.6c0,3.9-2.4,6.6-6,6.6C460.4,120.2,458,117.5,458,113.6z M467.8,113.6 c0-2.7-1.5-4.4-3.8-4.4c-2.3,0-3.8,1.7-3.8,4.4c0,2.7,1.5,4.4,3.8,4.4C466.3,118,467.8,116.3,467.8,113.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M473.4,107.3h4.1c2.8,0,4.3,1.2,4.3,3.6c0,2.4-1.5,3.7-4.3,3.7h-1.9v5.2h-2.2V107.3z M477.3,112.6 c1.6,0,2.3-0.5,2.3-1.6c0-1.1-0.7-1.6-2.3-1.6h-1.6v3.2H477.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M484.3,107.3h8.4v2.1h-6.1v3h5.7v2.1h-5.7v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M505.7,107.3v12.6h-2.4l-5.3-8.7v8.7h-2.3v-12.6h2.3l5.3,8.7v-8.7H505.7z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M514.6,107.3h8.9v2.1h-6.7v3h5.9v2.1h-5.9v5.4h-2.3V107.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M525.2,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9s2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C526.9,120.2,525.2,118.5,525.2,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M540.8,109.3h-3.9v-2.1H547v2.1h-3.9v10.5h-2.3V109.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M549.5,115.3v-8.1h2.3v7.8c0,2.1,0.7,2.9,2.6,2.9s2.6-0.8,2.6-2.9v-7.8h2.3v8c0,3.3-1.6,4.9-4.8,4.9 C551.2,120.2,549.5,118.5,549.5,115.3z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M569.6,119.9l-3-5.2h-0.8H565v5.2h-2.2v-12.6h4.1c3,0,4.3,1.4,4.3,3.6c0,1.8-0.8,3-2.3,3.5l3.4,5.5H569.6z M566.6,112.6c1.5,0,2.3-0.4,2.3-1.6c0-1.2-0.8-1.6-2.3-1.6H565v3.2H566.6z"/> </g> <g class="st0"> <path d="M574.7,107.3h8.4v2.1H577v3h5.7v2.1H577v3.4h6.1v2.1h-8.4V107.3z"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> <g> <path class="st1" d="M103.1,63c4.2,4.2,7,9.7,7.9,15.6l12.1-12.1l30.4-30.4L130,12.6L99.6,42.9V0H66.4v60.1 C77.7,52,93.2,53.2,103.1,63z"/> <path class="st2" d="M111,87.5c-2.4,15.4-16.9,26-32.3,23.5c-4.4-0.7-8.6-2.4-12.2-5.1V166h33.2v-42.9l30.4,30.4l23.5-23.5 l-30.4-30.4C123.2,99.6,111,87.5,111,87.5z"/> <path d="M111,87.5c-2.5,15.4-17,26-32.5,23.5c-15.4-2.5-26-17-23.5-32.5c1-5.9,3.8-11.4,7.9-15.6c1.1-1.1,2.2-2,3.4-2.9 c12.6-9.2,30.3-6.4,39.5,6.2c2.6,3.6,4.4,7.8,5.1,12.3l12.1-12.1l30.4-30.4L130,12.6L99.6,42.9V0H66.4v42.9L36.1,12.6L12.6,36.1 l30.4,30.4H0v33.2h42.9L12.6,130l23.5,23.5l30.4-30.4v42.9h33.2v-42.9l30.4,30.4l23.5-23.5l-30.4-30.4L111,87.5z M104.2,47.4 l25.9-25.9l14.5,14.5L118.7,62l-4.9,4.9c-1.7-3.1-3.7-5.9-6.2-8.4c-2.5-2.5-5.3-4.6-8.3-6.2L104.2,47.4L104.2,47.4z M93.3,6.4 v43.6c-6.7-2-13.8-2-20.5,0V6.3C72.8,6.3,93.3,6.3,93.3,6.4z M21.6,36.1l14.5-14.5l24,24V57c-0.6,0.5-1.1,1-1.6,1.5 c-2.5,2.5-4.6,5.3-6.2,8.4L47.4,62C47.4,62,21.6,36.1,21.6,36.1z M6.4,93.3V72.8h43.6c-2,6.7-2,13.8,0,20.5 C49.9,93.3,6.3,93.3,6.4,93.3z M60.1,120.5l-24.1,24l-14.5-14.5l25.9-25.8l4.9-4.9c1.7,3.1,3.7,5.9,6.2,8.3c0.5,0.5,1,1,1.6,1.5 L60.1,120.5L60.1,120.5z M93.3,123.1v36.6H72.7v-43.6c6.7,2,13.8,2,20.5,0L93.3,123.1L93.3,123.1z M130,144.5l-25.8-25.9l-4.9-4.9 c6.2-3.3,11.2-8.3,14.5-14.5l4.9,4.9l25.9,25.9L130,144.5L130,144.5z"/> </g> </g> <text transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 573.11 119.88)" class="st3 st4 st5">E</text> </svg> </a> <ul class="footer-links"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17197"><a href="http://okfn.org">↪ OKFN website</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-8980"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/latest/">All Posts</a></li> <li class="lang-item lang-item-1550 lang-item-es lang-item-first menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28841-es"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/es/category/investigacion/" hreflang="es-MX" lang="es-MX">Español</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-secondary"> <p> <a href='https://github.com/okfn/wordpress-theme/' title='Site source code'> Source code </a> available under the MIT license. </p> <p> <a class="license" rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 54.95 54.95"><title>cc</title><path d="M7117.46,7140.15a26.81,26.81,0,0,1,19.63,8A26.42,26.42,0,0,1,7143,7157a29,29,0,0,1,0,21.15,25.21,25.21,0,0,1-5.86,8.71A28.23,28.23,0,0,1,7128,7193a27.35,27.35,0,0,1-10.55,2.11A26.71,26.71,0,0,1,7107,7193a28.28,28.28,0,0,1-14.94-14.94,27.44,27.44,0,0,1,0-20.93,27.57,27.57,0,0,1,6.06-9A26,26,0,0,1,7117.46,7140.15Zm0.1,5a21.29,21.29,0,0,0-15.85,6.57,23.63,23.63,0,0,0-5,7.38,21.79,21.79,0,0,0,0,17.07,23.26,23.26,0,0,0,12.29,12.22,22.29,22.29,0,0,0,17.1,0,23.7,23.7,0,0,0,7.48-5,21.11,21.11,0,0,0,6.43-15.75,22.57,22.57,0,0,0-1.67-8.64,22,22,0,0,0-4.86-7.26A21.74,21.74,0,0,0,7117.55,7145.1Zm-0.34,18-3.68,1.91a3.77,3.77,0,0,0-1.45-1.72,3.26,3.26,0,0,0-1.59-.49q-3.68,0-3.68,4.86a6,6,0,0,0,.93,3.53,3.14,3.14,0,0,0,2.75,1.33,3.44,3.44,0,0,0,3.39-2.36l3.39,1.72a8.48,8.48,0,0,1-13.15,2.06,9.76,9.76,0,0,1,0-12.51,7.77,7.77,0,0,1,5.76-2.31Q7115,7159.09,7117.21,7163.06Zm15.85,0-3.63,1.91a3.77,3.77,0,0,0-1.45-1.72,3.33,3.33,0,0,0-1.64-.49q-3.68,0-3.68,4.86a6,6,0,0,0,.93,3.53,3.14,3.14,0,0,0,2.75,1.33,3.44,3.44,0,0,0,3.39-2.36l3.43,1.72a8.44,8.44,0,0,1-3,3.16,8.63,8.63,0,0,1-10.13-1.1,9.8,9.8,0,0,1,0-12.51,7.77,7.77,0,0,1,5.77-2.31Q7130.9,7159.09,7133.06,7163.06Z" transform="translate(-7090.03 -7140.15)"></path></svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 54.95 54.95"><title>by</title><path d="M7117.46,7140.15a27.23,27.23,0,0,1,27.52,27.48,25.9,25.9,0,0,1-7.85,19.28,27.15,27.15,0,0,1-19.67,8.19,27.64,27.64,0,0,1-27.43-27.48,26.93,26.93,0,0,1,8.1-19.53A26.31,26.31,0,0,1,7117.46,7140.15Zm0.1,5a21.39,21.39,0,0,0-15.85,6.57,22.11,22.11,0,0,0-6.72,15.95,22.79,22.79,0,0,0,22.57,22.47,22.06,22.06,0,0,0,16-6.72,20.93,20.93,0,0,0,6.48-15.75A22.45,22.45,0,0,0,7117.55,7145.1Zm7.36,15.7V7172h-3.14v13.35h-8.54V7172h-3.14V7160.8a1.76,1.76,0,0,1,1.77-1.77h11.28a1.73,1.73,0,0,1,1.23.52A1.67,1.67,0,0,1,7124.91,7160.8Zm-11.24-7.07q0-3.88,3.83-3.88t3.83,3.88q0,3.83-3.83,3.83T7113.68,7153.74Z" transform="translate(-7090.03 -7140.15)"></path></svg> </a> Content on this site, made by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://okfn.org/" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Open Knowledge Foundation</a>, is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License </a>. </p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <nav id="mmenu" class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="menu-top-menu-2" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-17197"><a href="http://okfn.org">↪ OKFN website</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-8980"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/latest/">All Posts</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12666"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/submit/">Submit a guest post</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="lang-item lang-item-1550 lang-item-es lang-item-first menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28841-es"><a href="https://blog.okfn.org/es/category/investigacion/" hreflang="es-MX" lang="es-MX">Español</a></li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="twitter nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/okfn">Twitter/X</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="discuss nav-link" href="https://discuss.okfn.org/#">Forum</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="linkedin nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-knowledge-foundation">LinkedIn</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="mastodon nav-link" href="https://fosstodon.org/@okfn">Mastodon</a> </li> </ul></nav><script src='https://blog.okfn.org/wp-content/themes/wordpress-theme/assets/js/main.min.js?ver=1.0.0' id='okfn-wp-js'></script> <script id="molongui-authorship-front-inline-js-extra">var molongui_authorship_front_params = {"byline_prefix":"","byline_suffix":"","byline_separator":", ","byline_last_separator":" and ","byline_link_title":"View all posts by","byline_link_class":"","byline_dom_tree":"","byline_dom_prepend":"","byline_dom_append":""};</script><script id="molongui-authorship-front-inline-js" type="text/javascript" data-file="front.d7be.min.js" data-version="4.6.18">var addBylineModifiers=function(){var r="?m_bm=true",e=document.querySelectorAll('a[href$="'+r+'"]');Array.prototype.forEach.call(e,function(e,t){e.setAttribute("href",decodeURIComponent(e.getAttribute("href")).replace(r,"")),e.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin",molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_prefix+" "),e.insertAdjacentHTML("afterend"," "+molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_suffix)})},decodeMultiAuthorBylines=function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll('a[href*="molongui_byline=true"]');Array.prototype.forEach.call(e,function(e,t){var r=e.getAttribute("href"),r=new URL(decodeURIComponent(r)),i=new URLSearchParams(r.search),n=r.origin,r=r.pathname,a="";if(!i.has("molongui_byline"))return!1;if(i.has("lang")&&(a="?lang="+i.get("lang")),""===e.innerText)return i.has("m_main_disabled")?e.removeAttribute("href"):e.setAttribute("href",n+r+a),!1;var o,l=[molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_separator,molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_last_separator],s=e.innerText.split(new RegExp(l.join("|"),"gi")),u=(i.has("m_main_disabled")?(o=i.getAll("mca")).unshift("molongui-disabled-link"):(p=r.replace(/^\/|\/$/g,"").split("/").pop(),r.replace(/\/$/g,"").replace(p,""),(o=i.getAll("mca")).unshift(n+r+a)),""),m=s.length,p=e.getAttribute("class"),i=e.getAttribute("target"),n=e.getAttribute("rel"),r=e.getAttribute("itemprop"),_='class="'+(p?p+" ":"")+molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_link_class+'"',d=i?'target="'+i+'"':"",h=n?'rel="'+n+'"':"",c=r?'itemprop="'+r+'"':"",u=molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_dom_prepend;for(j=0;j<m;j++){var f=s[j].trim(),b="",b=""!==molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_dom_tree?molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_dom_tree.replace("{%ma_authorName}",f):f;"molongui-disabled-link"===o[j]||j>=o.length?u+=b:u+='<a href="'+o[j]+'" '+_+" "+h+" "+c+" "+d+' title="'+molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_link_title+" "+f+'">'+b+"</a>",j<m-1-1?u+=l[0]:j<m-1&&(u+=l[1])}u+=molongui_authorship_front_params.byline_dom_append,e.insertAdjacentHTML("afterend",u),e.parentNode.removeChild(e)})},disableEmptyLinks=function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll('a[href="#molongui-disabled-link"]');Array.prototype.forEach.call(e,function(e,t){e.classList.add("molongui-disabled-link"),e.removeAttribute("href")})},initBylines=function(){addBylineModifiers(),decodeMultiAuthorBylines(),disableEmptyLinks()};document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){initBylines();var e=document.body;new MutationObserver(function(e){Array.prototype.forEach.call(e,function(e,t){initBylines()})}).observe(e,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})});</script><div data-m-brand="Molongui" data-m-id="Authorship" data-m-license="Lite" data-m-version="4.6.18" data-m-link="https://www.molongui.com/authorship/"></div></body> </html>