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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_and_Indian_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_and_Indian_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>French and Indian Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_and_Indian_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominion_of_New_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominion_of_New_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Dominion of New England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominion_of_New_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_England_in_the_new_nation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_England_in_the_new_nation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>New England in the new nation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_England_in_the_new_nation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Industrial Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_and_demographic_shift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_demographic_shift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Political and demographic shift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_and_demographic_shift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Depression_and_post-World_War_II_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Depression_and_post-World_War_II_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>The Great Depression and post-World War II changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Depression_and_post-World_War_II_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_areas_and_capitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_areas_and_capitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Metropolitan areas and capitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_areas_and_capitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Metropolitan areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_capitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_capitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>State capitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_capitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Urban centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overall_tax_burden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_tax_burden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Overall tax burden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_tax_burden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Town_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Town meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_party_strength" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_party_strength"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Political party strength</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_party_strength-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Hampshire_primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Hampshire_primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>New Hampshire primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Hampshire_primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_and_independent_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_and_independent_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Private and independent secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_and_independent_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Public education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_journals_and_press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_journals_and_press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Academic journals and press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_journals_and_press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_roots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_roots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cultural roots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_roots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accents_and_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accents_and_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Accents and dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accents_and_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_activities_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_activities_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Social activities and music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_activities_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6.1</span> <span>Comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film,_television,_and_acting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film,_television,_and_acting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Film, television, and acting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film,_television,_and_acting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums,_historical_societies,_and_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_historical_societies,_and_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Museums, historical societies, and libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_historical_societies,_and_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieu-Engeland" title="Nieu-Engeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nieu-Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABw_Englaland" title="Nīw Englaland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīw Englaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="إنجلترا الجديدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجلترا الجديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Anglaterra" title="Nueva Anglaterra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nueva Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Inglaterra" title="Nueva Inglaterra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_%C4%B0ngilt%C9%99r%C9%99" title="Yeni İngiltərə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni İngiltərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Eng-l%C3%A2n" title="Sin Eng-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sin Eng-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Новая Англія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая Англія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Новая Ангельшчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая Ангельшчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нова Англия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neiengland" title="Neiengland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Neiengland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-Saoz_Nevez" title="Bro-Saoz Nevez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-Saoz Nevez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Anglaterra" title="Nova Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Çĕнĕ Англи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ Англи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_Anglie" title="Nová Anglie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nová Anglie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloegr_Newydd" title="Lloegr Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lloegr Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuengland" title="Neuengland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neuengland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uus-Inglismaa" title="Uus-Inglismaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uus-Inglismaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Νέα Αγγλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέα Αγγλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Inglaterra" title="Nueva Inglaterra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Anglio" title="Nov-Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra_Berria" title="Ingalaterra Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterra Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیو انگلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیو انگلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDongland" title="Nýongland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nýongland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle-Angleterre" title="Nouvelle-Angleterre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle-Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij-Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Nij-Ingelân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nij-Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasana_Nua" title="Sasana Nua – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sasana Nua" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasainn_Nuadh" title="Sasainn Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sasainn Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Inglaterra" title="Nova Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="뉴잉글랜드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴잉글랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նոր Անգլիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="न्यू इंग्लैंड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यू इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Jend%C5%BAelska" title="Nowa Jendźelska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nowa Jendźelska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Engleska" title="Nova Engleska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova Engleska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov_Anglia" title="Nov Anglia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nov Anglia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nove_Anglaterra" title="Nove Anglaterra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nove Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDja_England" title="Nýja England – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýja England" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuova_Inghilterra" title="Nuova Inghilterra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuova Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ניו אינגלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו אינגלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ನ್ಯೂ ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯೂ ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ახალი ინგლისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალი ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жаңа Англия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа Англия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Anglia" title="Nova Anglia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova Anglia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunanglija" title="Jaunanglija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunanglija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_Anglija" title="Naujoji Anglija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji Anglija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nui_Ingeland_(Vereinegde_Staote_vaan_Amerika)" title="Nui Ingeland (Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nui Ingeland (Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj-Anglia" title="Új-Anglia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új-Anglia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нова Англија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова Англија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ന്യൂ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂ ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="न्यू इंग्लंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ახალი ინგლისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ახალი ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نيو اينجلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو اينجلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیو انگلند – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیو انگلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Шинэ Англи – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шинэ Англи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="New England (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New England (Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ニューイングランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューイングランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei-Ingelun" title="Nei-Ingelun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nei-Ingelun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Nòva Anglatèrra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangi_Angliya" title="Yangi Angliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yangi Angliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਨਿਊ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="نیو انگلینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیو انگلینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Anglia" title="Nowa Anglia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Anglia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Inglaterra" title="Nova Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Anglie" title="Noua Anglie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noua Anglie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Новая Англия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая Англия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa_Inghilterra" title="Noa Inghilterra – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Noa Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Ingland" title="New Ingland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New Ingland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_e_Re" title="Anglia e Re – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anglia e Re" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="نيو انگلينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيو انگلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_Anglicko" title="Nové Anglicko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nové Anglicko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Anglija" title="Nova Anglija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova Anglija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیو ئینگلاند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیو ئینگلاند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова Енглеска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова Енглеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Engleska" title="Nova Engleska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusi-Englanti" title="Uusi-Englanti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusi-Englanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagong_Inglatera" title="Bagong Inglatera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagong Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="நியூ இங்கிலாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூ இங்கிலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="న్యూ ఇంగ్లండ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూ ఇంగ్లండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="นิวอิงแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวอิงแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нова Англія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова Англія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="نیو انگلینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیو انگلینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="New England" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="新英格兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新英格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ניו ענגלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו ענגלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%8B%B1%E5%80%AB" title="紐英倫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紐英倫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="新英格蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新英格蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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-71</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in the Northeastern United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the region in North America. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/New_England_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New England (disambiguation)">New England (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">New England</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/280px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/420px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/560px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9250" data-file-height="3700" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_HeadLight_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Portland_HeadLight_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Portland_HeadLight_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Portland_HeadLight_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Portland_HeadLight_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3703" data-file-height="2779" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Range_51.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Range_51.JPG/250px-Presidential_Range_51.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Presidential_Range_51.JPG/330px-Presidential_Range_51.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2493" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg/330px-Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg/500px-Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg/960px-Burlington_vermont_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg/139px-Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg/209px-Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg/278px-Gay_Head_or_Aquinah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Connecticut_River_Valley_(8575464880).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg/139px-Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg/209px-Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg/278px-Connecticut_River_Valley_%288575464880%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Providence,_RI_skyline_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg/330px-Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg/500px-Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg/960px-Providence%2C_RI_skyline_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7481" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">Left-right from top: <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> city skyline from <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Head_Light" title="Portland Head Light">Portland Head Light</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Elizabeth,_Maine" title="Cape Elizabeth, Maine">Cape Elizabeth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Range" title="Presidential Range">Presidential Range</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> skyline, <a href="/wiki/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts" title="Aquinnah, Massachusetts">Aquinnah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a> valley, skyline of <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensign_of_New_England_(pine_only).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of New England"><img alt="Official logo of New England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg/100px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg/150px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg/200px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28pine_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag</a> (de facto)</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">None official. "<a href="/wiki/Pine_Tree_Flag" title="Pine Tree Flag">An Appeal to Heaven</a>" and "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nunquam libertas gratior extat</i></span>" (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for 'Never does liberty appear in a more gracious form') are common <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> mottos.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_US_relief.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of New England (orange) in the United States"><img alt="New England within the US, highlighted red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NE_US_relief.png/250px-NE_US_relief.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NE_US_relief.png/375px-NE_US_relief.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NE_US_relief.png/500px-NE_US_relief.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of New England (orange) in the United States</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_NA_relief.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of New England (orange) in North America"><img alt="Location of New England in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NE_NA_relief.png/250px-NE_NA_relief.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NE_NA_relief.png/500px-NE_NA_relief.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of New England (orange) in North America</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_England&params=44_N_71_W_region:US-MA_type:adm1st_scale:3000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°N</span> <span class="longitude">71°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44°N 71°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44; -71</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul style="line-height: inherit;"><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest metropolitan area</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="line-height: inherit;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71,987.59 sq mi (186,447.0 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">62,688.4 sq mi (162,362 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">15,116,205</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">210/sq mi (81/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Englanders" title="New Englanders">New Englander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novanglian, Novanglican (archaic)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-GDPByState_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPByState-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.41 trillion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_England_English" title="New England English">New England English</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_French" title="New England French">New England French</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>New England</b> is a region consisting of six states in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. It is bordered by the state of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> to the west and by the Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> to the northeast and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> to the north. The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a> and Atlantic Ocean are to the east and southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> is to the southwest. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> is New England's largest city and the capital of Massachusetts. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, the second-largest city in New England; <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>, the largest city in New Hampshire; and <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island. </p><p>In 1620, the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> established <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, the second successful settlement in <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown Settlement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a>, founded in 1607. Ten years later, <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> established <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> north of Plymouth Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">French and Indian Wars</a> until the English colonists and their <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois</a> allies defeated the French and their <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> allies. </p><p>In the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England colonies initiated resistance to Britain's <a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">taxes without the consent of the colonists</a>. Residents of Rhode Island <a href="/wiki/Gaspee_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspee Affair">captured and burned a British ship</a> which was enforcing unpopular trade restrictions, and residents of Boston <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">threw British tea</a> into the harbor. Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government which the colonists called the "<a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable Acts</a>". These confrontations led to the first battles of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> in 1775 and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776. The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States, and it was the first region of the U.S. transformed by the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, initially centered on the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Valley" title="Blackstone Valley">Blackstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack</a> river valleys. </p><p>The physical geography of New England is diverse. Southeastern New England is covered by a narrow <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coastal_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Coastal Plain">coastal plain</a>, while the western and northern regions are dominated by the rolling hills and worn-down peaks of the northern end of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. The Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Fall_line" title="Fall line">fall line</a> lies close to the coast, which enabled numerous cities to take advantage of water power along the many rivers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>, which bisects the region from north to south. </p><p>Each state is generally subdivided into small municipalities known as <a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">towns</a>, many of which are governed by <a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">town meetings</a>. Unincorporated areas are practically nonexistent outside of Maine and Vermont, and village-style governments common in other areas are limited to Vermont and Connecticut. New England is one of the U.S. Census Bureau's <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Census_Bureau-designated_regions_and_divisions" title="List of regions of the United States">nine regional divisions</a> and the only multi-state region with clear and consistent boundaries. It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity,<sup id="cite_ref-chiu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chiu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the terms of this identity are often contrasted, combining Puritanism with liberalism, agrarian life with industry, and isolation with immigration. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_England" title="History of New England">History of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png/250px-Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png/330px-Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png/500px-Tribal_Territories_Southern_New_England.png 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption>Indigenous territories, circa 1600 in present-day southern New England</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known inhabitants of New England were American Indians who spoke a variety of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages" title="Eastern Algonquian languages">Eastern Algonquian languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PVMA1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVMA1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent tribes included the <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq people">Mi'kmaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Penobscot people">Penobscot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohegans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohegans">Mohegans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Narragansett Indians">Narragansetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmucs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocumtuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocumtuck">Pocumtucks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoags</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PVMA1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVMA1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the arrival of European colonists, the Western Abenakis inhabited what is now New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as parts of Quebec and western Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their principal town was <a href="/wiki/Norridgewock" title="Norridgewock">Norridgewock</a> in today's Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Penobscots lived along the <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_River" title="Penobscot River">Penobscot River</a> in Maine. The Narragansetts and smaller tribes under their sovereignty lived in Rhode Island, west of Narragansett Bay, including <a href="/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a>. The Wampanoags occupied southeastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>. The Pocumtucks lived in Western Massachusetts, and the Mohegan and Pequot tribes lived in Connecticut. The <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut River Valley">Connecticut River Valley</a> linked numerous tribes culturally, linguistically, and politically.<sup id="cite_ref-PVMA1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVMA1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1600 CE, French, Dutch, and English traders began exploring the New World, trading metal, glass, and cloth for local beaver pelts.<sup id="cite_ref-PVMA1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PVMA1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Council_for_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Council for New England">Plymouth Council for New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia,_New_England,_and_the_Summer_Isles,_John_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/250px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/330px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/500px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="4092" /></a><figcaption>Soldier and explorer <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)" title="John Smith (explorer)">John Smith</a> coined the name "New England" in 1616.</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 10, 1606, King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a> issued a charter for the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a>, which consisted of the <a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">London Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Company" title="Plymouth Company">Plymouth Company</a>. These two privately funded ventures were intended to claim land for England, to conduct trade, and to return a profit. In 1620, the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> arrived on the <i><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></i> and established <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> in Massachusetts, beginning the history of permanent European colonization in New England.<sup id="cite_ref-glocon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glocon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1616, English explorer <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)" title="John Smith (explorer)">John Smith</a> named the region "New England".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was officially sanctioned on November 3, 1620,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the charter of the Virginia Company of Plymouth was replaced by a royal charter for the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Council_for_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Council for New England">Plymouth Council for New England</a>, a joint-stock company established to colonize and govern the region.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pilgrims wrote and signed the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> before leaving the ship,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it became their first governing document.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Massachusetts Puritans began to establish themselves in Connecticut as early as 1633.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> was banished from Massachusetts for theological reasons; he led a group south where they founded <a href="/wiki/Providence_Plantations" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Plantations">Providence Plantations</a>, which grew into the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations</a> in 1636.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Vermont was uncolonized, and the territories of New Hampshire and Maine were claimed and governed by Massachusetts. As the region grew, it received many immigrants from Europe due to its religious tolerance and economy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_and_Indian_Wars">French and Indian Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French and Indian Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png/250px-Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png/330px-Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png/500px-Mystic_Massacre_in_New_England_1638_Photo_Facsimile.png 2x" data-file-width="2686" data-file-height="2476" /></a><figcaption>A 1638 engraving depicting the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_massacre" title="Mystic massacre">Mystic massacre</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg/220px-Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg/330px-Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg/440px-Pascatway_River_New_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An English map of New England <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1670 depicts the area around modern <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth, New Hampshire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Relationships alternated between peace and armed skirmishes between colonists and local <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes, the bloodiest of which was the <a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a> in 1637 which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_massacre" title="Mystic massacre">Mystic massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scw_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scw-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 19, 1643, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a>, and Connecticut joined in a loose compact called the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (officially "The United Colonies of New England"). The confederation was designed largely to coordinate mutual defense, and it gained some importance during <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a><sup id="cite_ref-howe_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howe-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which pitted the colonists and their Indian allies against a widespread Indian uprising from June 1675 through April 1678, resulting in killings and massacres on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of settler-Native conflicts, hundreds of captive Indians were sold into <a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up until 1700, Native Americans comprised a majority of the non-white labor force in colonial New England.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the next 74 years, there were six colonial wars that took place primarily between New England and <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which New England was allied with the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois Confederacy</a> and New France was allied with the <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki Confederacy</a>. Mainland Nova Scotia came under the control of New England after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">Siege of Port Royal (1710)</a>, but both New Brunswick and most of Maine remained contested territory between New England and New France. The British eventually defeated the French in 1763, opening the Connecticut River Valley for British settlement into western New Hampshire and Vermont. </p><p>The New England Colonies were settled primarily by farmers who became relatively self-sufficient. Later, New England's economy began to focus on crafts and trade, aided by the <a href="/wiki/Puritan_work_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan work ethic">Puritan work ethic</a>, in contrast to the Southern colonies which focused on agricultural production while importing finished goods from England.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominion_of_New_England">Dominion of New England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dominion of New England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensign_of_New_England_(St_George%27s_Cross).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg/220px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg/330px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg/440px-Ensign_of_New_England_%28St_George%27s_Cross%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The New England Ensign, one of several <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">flags historically associated with New England</a>. This flag was reportedly used by colonial merchant ships sailing out of New England ports, 1686 – c. 1737.<sup id="cite_ref-David_B._Martucci_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_B._Martucci-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg/250px-Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg/330px-Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg/500px-Louisbourg_assiegee_en_1745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="3702" /></a><figcaption>New England's <i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Louisbourg_(1745)" title="Siege of Louisbourg (1745)">Siege of Louisbourg</a></i> (1745) by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Monamy" title="Peter Monamy">Peter Monamy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1686, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">King James II</a> had become concerned about the increasingly independent ways of the colonies, including their self-governing charters, their open flouting of the <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation Acts</a>, and their growing military power. He therefore established the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a>, an administrative union including all of the New England colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-CTHeritage_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTHeritage-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1688, the former Dutch colonies of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="East New Jersey">East New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="West New Jersey">West New Jersey</a> were added to the dominion. The union was imposed from the outside and contrary to the rooted democratic tradition of the colonies, and it was highly unpopular among the colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-Palfrey_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palfrey-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dominion significantly modified the charters of the colonies, including the appointment of royal governors to nearly all of them. There was an uneasy tension among the royal governors, their officers, and the elected governing bodies of the colonies. The governors wanted unlimited authority, and the different layers of locally elected officials would often resist them. In most cases, the local town governments continued operating as self-governing bodies, just as they had before the appointment of the governors.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, in 1689, Bostonians overthrew the royal governor, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Andros" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edmund Andros">Sir Edmund Andros</a>. During a <a href="/wiki/1689_Boston_revolt" title="1689 Boston revolt">popular and bloodless uprising</a>, they seized dominion officials and adherents to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tensions eventually culminated in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, boiling over with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_American_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="War of American Independence">War of American Independence</a> in 1775. The first battles of which were fought in <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a> by continental troops. In March 1776, British forces were compelled to retreat from Boston. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_England_in_the_new_nation">New England in the new nation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New England in the new nation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the dissolution of the Dominion of New England, the colonies of New England ceased to function as a unified political unit but remained a defined cultural region. There were often disputes over territorial jurisdiction, leading to land exchanges such as those regarding the <a href="/wiki/Equivalent_Lands" title="Equivalent Lands">Equivalent Lands</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Grants" title="New Hampshire Grants">New Hampshire Grants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vhist_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vhist-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1784, all of the states in the region had taken steps towards the abolition of slavery, with Vermont and Massachusetts introducing total abolition in 1777 and 1783, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nickname "Yankeeland" was sometimes used to denote the New England area, especially among Southerners and the British.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vermont was admitted to statehood in 1791 after settling a dispute with New York. The territory of Maine had been a part of Massachusetts, but it was granted statehood on March 15, 1820, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, New England is defined as the six states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England's economic growth relied heavily on trade with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the region's merchants and politicians strongly opposed trade restrictions. As the United States and the United Kingdom fought the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, New England <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a> organized the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Convention" title="Hartford Convention">Hartford Convention</a> in the winter of 1814 to discuss the region's grievances concerning the war, and to propose changes to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> to protect the region's interests and maintain its political power.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radical delegates within the convention proposed the region's secession from the United States, but they were outnumbered by moderates who opposed the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically, the region often disagreed with the rest of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massachusetts and Connecticut were among the last refuges of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a>, and New England became the strongest bastion of the new <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a> began in the 1830s. The Whigs were usually dominant throughout New England, except in the more <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Maine and New Hampshire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_Revolution">Industrial Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industrial Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg/250px-Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg/330px-Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg/500px-Slater_and_Wilkinson_Mills_-_exterior_%26_water_power_systems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3460" data-file-height="2462" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Slater_Mill_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Slater Mill Historic Site">Slater Mill Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island" title="Pawtucket, Rhode Island">Pawtucket, Rhode Island</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers,_Lawrence,_Mass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png/250px-Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png/330px-Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png/500px-Standoff_between_militia_and_strikers%2C_Lawrence%2C_Mass.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses" title="Bread and Roses">Bread and Roses</a> Strike. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_National_Guard" title="Massachusetts National Guard">Massachusetts National Guard</a> troops surround unarmed strikers in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a>, 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>New England was key to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Valley" title="Blackstone Valley">Blackstone Valley</a> running through Massachusetts and Rhode Island has been called the birthplace of America's industrial revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1787, the first cotton mill in America was founded in the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="North Shore (Massachusetts)">North Shore</a> seaport of <a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly, Massachusetts</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cotton_Manufactory" title="Beverly Cotton Manufactory">Beverly Cotton Manufactory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Manufactory was also considered the largest cotton mill of its time. Technological developments and achievements from the Manufactory led to the development of more advanced cotton mills, including <a href="/wiki/Slater_Mill" title="Slater Mill">Slater Mill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island" title="Pawtucket, Rhode Island">Pawtucket, Rhode Island</a>. Towns such as <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell, Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island" title="Woonsocket, Rhode Island">Woonsocket, Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_Maine" title="Lewiston, Maine">Lewiston, Maine</a> became centers of the textile industry following the innovations at Slater Mill and the Beverly Cotton Manufactory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut River Valley">Connecticut River Valley</a> became a crucible for industrial innovation, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a>, pioneering such advances as interchangeable parts and the assembly line which influenced manufacturing processes all around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From early in the nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth, the region surrounding <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a> served as the United States' epicenter for advanced manufacturing, drawing skilled workers from all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rapid growth of textile manufacturing in New England between 1815 and 1860 caused a shortage of workers. Recruiters were hired by mill agents to bring young women and children from the countryside to work in the factories. Between 1830 and 1860, thousands of farm girls moved from rural areas where there was no paid employment to work in the nearby mills, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Mill_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowell Mill Girls">Lowell Mill Girls</a>. As the textile industry grew, immigration also grew. By the 1850s, immigrants began working in the mills, especially <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England as a whole was the most industrialized part of the United States. By 1850, the region accounted for well over a quarter of all manufacturing value in the country and over a third of its industrial workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-1850_census_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1850_census-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the most literate and most educated region in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-1850_census_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1850_census-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_and_demographic_shift">Political and demographic shift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political and demographic shift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the same period, New England and areas settled by New Englanders (upstate New York, Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Western_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Reserve">Western Reserve</a>, and the upper midwestern states of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>) were the center of the strongest abolitionist and anti-slavery movements in the United States, coinciding with the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-wyattbrown_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wyattbrown-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abolitionists who demanded immediate emancipation had their base in the region, such as <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips" title="Wendell Phillips">Wendell Phillips</a>. So too did anti-slavery politicians who wanted to limit the growth of slavery, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">John P. Hale</a>. The anti-slavery <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> was formed in the 1850s, and all of New England became strongly Republican, including areas that had previously been strongholds for both the Whig and the Democratic parties. New England remained solidly Republican until Catholics began to mobilize behind the Democrats, especially in 1928. This led to the end of "Yankee Republicanism" and began New England's relatively swift transition into a <a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_(electoral_college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue wall (electoral college)">consistently Democratic stronghold</a> in national elections.<sup id="cite_ref-tarr_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarr-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg/250px-Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg/330px-Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg/500px-Autumn_in_New_England_Maurice_Prendergast.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><i>Autumn in New England</i>, watercolor, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Prendergast" title="Maurice Prendergast">Maurice Prendergast</a>, c. 1910–1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The flow of immigrants continued at a steady pace from the 1840s until cut off by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The largest numbers came from Ireland and Britain before 1890, and after that from Quebec, Italy, and Southern Europe. The immigrants filled the ranks of factory workers, craftsmen, and unskilled laborers. The Irish and Italians assumed a larger and larger role in the Democratic Party in the cities and statewide, while the rural areas remained Republican. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Depression_and_post-World_War_II_changes">The Great Depression and post-World War II changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Great Depression and post-World War II changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression in the United States</a> of the 1930s hit the region hard, with high unemployment in the industrial cities. The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Stock_Exchange" title="Boston Stock Exchange">Boston Stock Exchange</a> rivaled the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> in 1930. The Democrats appealed to factory workers and especially Catholics, pulling them into the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a> and making the once-Republican region into one that was closely divided. However, the enormous spending on munitions, ships, electronics, and uniforms during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> caused a burst of prosperity in every sector. </p><p>The region lost most of its factories starting with the loss of textiles in the 1930s and getting worse after 1960. The New England economy was radically transformed after World War II. The factory economy practically disappeared. Once-bustling New England communities fell into economic decay following the flight of the region's industrial base. The textile mills one by one went out of business from the 1920s to the 1970s. For example, the Crompton Company went bankrupt in 1984 after 178 years in business, costing the jobs of 2,450 workers in five states. The major reasons were cheap imports, the strong dollar, declining exports, and a failure to diversify.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shoe industry subsequently left the region as well. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg/220px-Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg/330px-Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg/440px-Ames_Street_and_Main_Street_intersection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, has a high concentration of startups and technology companies.</figcaption></figure> <p>What remains is very high technology manufacturing, such as jet engines, nuclear submarines, pharmaceuticals, robotics, scientific instruments, and medical devices. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology invented the format for university-industry relations in high tech fields and spawned many software and hardware firms, some of which grew rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 21st century, the region had become famous for its leadership roles in the fields of education, medicine, medical research, high-technology, finance, and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some industrial areas were slow in adjusting to the new service economy. In 2000, New England had two of the ten poorest cities in the U.S. (by percentage living below the poverty line): the state capitals of <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were no longer in the bottom ten by 2010; Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire remain among the ten wealthiest states in the United States in terms of median household income and per capita income.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Connecticut" title="Geography of Connecticut">Geography of Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Maine">Geography of Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Massachusetts" title="Geography of Massachusetts">Geography of Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of New Hampshire">Geography of New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Rhode Island">Geography of Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vermont" title="Geography of Vermont">Geography of Vermont</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_england_ref_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/New_england_ref_2001.jpg/220px-New_england_ref_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/New_england_ref_2001.jpg/330px-New_england_ref_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/New_england_ref_2001.jpg/440px-New_england_ref_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>A political and geographical map of New England shows the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">coastal plains</a> in the southeast, and hills, mountains and valleys in the west and the north.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg/220px-Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg/330px-Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg/440px-Pioneer_Valley_South_From_Mt._Sugarloaf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A portion of the north-central <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Massachusetts" title="Sunderland, Massachusetts">Sunderland, Massachusetts</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The states of New England have a combined area, including water surfaces, of 71,988 square miles (186,447 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the region slightly larger than the <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">state of Washington</a> and slightly smaller than <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maine alone constitutes nearly one-half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th-largest state, slightly smaller than <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">smallest state</a>—Rhode Island. </p><p>The areas of the states (including water area) are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, 35,380 square miles (91,600 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, 10,554 square miles (27,330 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, 9,616 square miles (24,910 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, 9,349 square miles (24,210 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, 5,543 square miles (14,360 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, 1,545 square miles (4,000 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_England" title="Geology of New England">Geology of New England</a></div> <p>New England's long rolling hills, mountains, and jagged coastline are <a href="/wiki/Glacial_landforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial landforms">glacial landforms</a> resulting from the retreat of ice sheets approximately 18,000 years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PRI-4_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRI-4-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EmersonP_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmersonP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England is geologically a part of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_province" title="New England province">New England province</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">exotic terrane</a> region consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>, the New England highlands and the seaboard lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS-Water_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-Water-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Appalachian Mountains roughly follow the border between New England and New York. <a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">The Berkshires</a> in Massachusetts and Connecticut, and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a> in Vermont, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Taconic_Mountains" title="Taconic Mountains">Taconic Mountains</a>, form a spine of <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> rock.<sup id="cite_ref-PRI-2_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRI-2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Appalachians extend northwards into New Hampshire as the <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains (New Hampshire)">White Mountains</a>, and then into Maine and Canada. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a> in New Hampshire is the highest peak in the Northeast, although it is not among the ten highest peaks in the eastern United States.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the site of the second <a href="/wiki/Wind_speed#Highest_speed" title="Wind speed">highest recorded wind speed</a> on Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has the reputation of having the world's most severe weather.<sup id="cite_ref-MWOBS_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWOBS-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coast of the region, extending from southwestern Connecticut to northeastern Maine, is dotted with lakes, hills, marshes and wetlands, and sandy beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-EmersonP_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmersonP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important valleys in the region include the <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut River Valley">Connecticut River Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EmersonP_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmersonP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest river is the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>, which flows from northeastern New Hampshire for 407 mi (655 km), emptying into <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a>, roughly bisecting the region. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a>, which forms part of the border between Vermont and New York, is the largest lake in the region, followed by <a href="/wiki/Moosehead_Lake" title="Moosehead Lake">Moosehead Lake</a> in Maine and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipesaukee" title="Lake Winnipesaukee">Lake Winnipesaukee</a> in New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-EmersonP_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EmersonP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_England" title="Climate of New England">Climate of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png/250px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png/500px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_England.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> in New England</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG/250px-White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG/330px-White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG/500px-White_Mountains2010-08-20.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="1853" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains (New Hampshire)">White Mountains</a> of New Hampshire are part of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of New England varies greatly across its 500 miles (800 km) span from northern Maine to southern Connecticut: </p><p>Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and western Massachusetts have a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a> climate (Dfb in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>). In this region the winters are long and cold, and heavy snow is common (most locations receive 60–120 inches (150–300 cm) of snow annually in this region). The summer's months are moderately warm, though summer is rather short and rainfall is spread through the year. </p><p>In central and eastern Massachusetts, northern Rhode Island, and northern Connecticut, the same humid continental prevails (Dfa), though summers are warm to hot, winters are shorter, and there is less snowfall (especially in the coastal areas where it is often warmer). </p><p>Southern and coastal Connecticut is the broad transition zone from the cold <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climates</a> of the north to the milder <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> climates to the south. The frost free season is greater than 180 days across far southern/coastal Connecticut, coastal Rhode Island, and the islands (Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard). Winters also tend to be much sunnier in southern Connecticut and southern Rhode Island compared to the rest of New England.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_of_NE_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regions_of_NE_cropped.png/500px-Regions_of_NE_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="649" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regions_of_NE_cropped.png/960px-Regions_of_NE_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Regions_of_NE_cropped.png/1000px-Regions_of_NE_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;">1. <a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Northwest Vermont/Champlain Valley</a><br /> 2. <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Kingdom" title="Northeast Kingdom">Northeast Kingdom</a> <br /> 3. Central Vermont <br /> 4. Southern Vermont <br /> 5. <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Woods_Region_(New_Hampshire)" title="Great North Woods Region (New Hampshire)">Great North Woods Region</a> <br /> 6. <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains (New Hampshire)">White Mountains</a> <br /> 7. <a href="/wiki/Lakes_Region_(New_Hampshire)" title="Lakes Region (New Hampshire)">Lakes Region</a> <br /> 8. <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth%E2%80%93Lake_Sunapee_Region" title="Dartmouth–Lake Sunapee Region">Dartmouth/Lake Sunapee Region</a> <br /> 9. <a href="/wiki/Seacoast_Region_(New_Hampshire)" title="Seacoast Region (New Hampshire)">Seacoast Region</a> <br /> 10. <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley#New_Hampshire" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a> <br /> 11. <a href="/wiki/Monadnock_Region" title="Monadnock Region">Monadnock Region</a> <br /> 12. <a href="/wiki/Aroostook_County,_Maine" title="Aroostook County, Maine">Aroostook</a> <br /> 13. <a href="/wiki/Maine_Highlands" title="Maine Highlands">Maine Highlands</a> <br /> 14. <a href="/wiki/Down_East" title="Down East">Acadia/Down East</a> <br /> 15. <a href="/wiki/Mid-Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Coast">Mid-Coast</a>/<a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Bay" title="Penobscot Bay">Penobscot Bay</a> <br /> 16. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Maine_Coast" title="Southern Maine Coast">Southern Maine/South Coast</a> <br /> 17. <a href="/wiki/Western_Maine_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Maine Mountains">Mountain and Lakes Region</a> <br /> 18. <a href="/wiki/Kennebec_Valley" title="Kennebec Valley">Kennebec Valley</a> <br /> 19. <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="North Shore (Massachusetts)">North Shore</a> <br /> 20. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Metropolitan_Area_Planning_Council_(MAPC)" title="Greater Boston">Metro Boston</a> <br /> 21. <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="South Shore (Massachusetts)">South Shore</a> <br /> 22. <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod and Islands</a> <br /> 23. <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(Massachusetts)" title="South Coast (Massachusetts)">South Coast</a> <br /> 24. <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Massachusetts" title="Southeastern Massachusetts">Southeastern Massachusetts</a> <br /> 25. <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone River Valley">Blackstone River Valley</a> <br /> 26. <a href="/wiki/Metrowest" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrowest">Metrowest</a>/<a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> <br /> 27. <a href="/wiki/Central_Massachusetts" title="Central Massachusetts">Central Massachusetts</a> <br /> 28. <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> <br /> 29. <a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">The Berkshires</a> <br /> 30. <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Washington County, Rhode Island">South County</a> <br /> 31. <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(Rhode_Island)" title="East Bay (Rhode Island)">East Bay</a> <br /> 32. <a href="/wiki/Quiet_Corner" title="Quiet Corner">Quiet Corner</a> <br /> 33. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Greater Hartford</a> <br /> 34. <a href="/wiki/Central_Naugatuck_Valley" title="Central Naugatuck Valley">Central Naugatuck Valley</a> <br /> 35. <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Hills_(Connecticut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Hills (Connecticut)">Northwest Hills</a> <br /> 36. <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Connecticut" title="Southeastern Connecticut">Southeastern Connecticut/Greater New London</a> <br /> 37. <a href="/wiki/Western_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Connecticut">Western Connecticut</a><br /> 38. <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Shoreline" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Shoreline">Connecticut Shoreline</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_New_England" title="List of birds of New England">List of birds of New England</a></div> <p>New England contains <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forested</a> ecosystems with a variety of terrestrial vertebrates. Land-use patterns and land disturbance, such as the dramatic increase in land clearing for agriculture in the mid eighteenth century to nineteenth century, greatly altered the ecosystem and resulted in extinctions, <a href="/wiki/Local_extinction" title="Local extinction">local extirpations</a>, and recolonizations.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an analysis of USDA Forest Service data, tree species diversity increases from north to south at about two to three species per degree in latitude. In addition, taller trees are associated with higher tree species diversity, and tree height is a better predictor than general forest age or biomass. Due to an increasing the amount of nitrogen in the soil from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Acer_rubrum" title="Acer rubrum">red maple</a> is becoming one of the most abundant trees in the region, and outcompeting other maples such as the <a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharum" title="Acer saccharum">sugar maple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population_in_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by population in New England">List of cities by population in New England</a></div> <p>The most populous cities as of the 2020 U.S. Census were (metropolitan areas in parentheses):<sup id="cite_ref-metro_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts"><img alt="Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a>: 675,647 (4,941,632)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>: 206,518 (923,672)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island"><img alt="Rhode Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>: 190,934 (1,604,291)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>: 155,929 (699,162)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut"><img alt="Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport, Connecticut</a>: 148,654 (939,904)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford, Connecticut</a>: 135,470 (part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Bridgeport" title="Greater Bridgeport">Greater Bridgeport</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>: 134,023 (862,477)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>: 121,054 (1,214,295)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>: 118,403 (part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire"><img alt="New Hampshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>: 115,644 (406,678)</li></ol><p> During the 20th century, urban expansion in regions surrounding <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> has become an important economic influence on neighboring Connecticut, parts of which belong to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. The U.S. Census Bureau groups <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut">Fairfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_County,_Connecticut" title="New Haven County, Connecticut">New Haven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Litchfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Litchfield County, Connecticut">Litchfield</a> counties in western Connecticut together with New York City and other parts of New York and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Major cities of New England</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1. Boston, Massachusetts"><img alt="1. Boston, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg/336px-Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg/504px-Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg/672px-Boston_skyline_from_South_Boston_November_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 283.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 281.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Worcester,_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2. Worcester, Massachusetts"><img alt="2. Worcester, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Downtown_Worcester%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/500px-Downtown_Worcester%2C_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="282" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Downtown_Worcester%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/960px-Downtown_Worcester%2C_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3177" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2. <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="3. Providence, Rhode Island"><img alt="3. Providence, Rhode Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg/330px-Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg/500px-Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg/960px-Downtown_Providence_Rhode_Island_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">3. <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="4. Springfield, Massachusetts"><img alt="4. Springfield, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG/330px-Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG/500px-Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG/960px-Springfield_Municipal_Group_2012_12_24.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">4. <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="5. Bridgeport, Connecticut"><img alt="5. Bridgeport, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg/330px-BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg/500px-BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg/960px-BridgeportCT_DowntownSouthHD_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">5. <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport, Connecticut</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamford_Skyline_2018.png" class="mw-file-description" title="6. Stamford, Connecticut"><img alt="6. Stamford, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stamford_Skyline_2018.png/330px-Stamford_Skyline_2018.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stamford_Skyline_2018.png/500px-Stamford_Skyline_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stamford_Skyline_2018.png/960px-Stamford_Skyline_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">6. <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford, Connecticut</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nhskyline_eastshore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="7. New Haven, Connecticut"><img alt="7. New Haven, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nhskyline_eastshore.jpg/500px-Nhskyline_eastshore.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Nhskyline_eastshore.jpg/960px-Nhskyline_eastshore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">7. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Hartford_from_above,_2009-12-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="8. Hartford, Connecticut"><img alt="8. Hartford, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg/315px-Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg/473px-Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg/630px-Downtown_Hartford_from_above%2C_2009-12-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">8. <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge,_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="9. Cambridge, Massachusetts"><img alt="9. Cambridge, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/330px-Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/500px-Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg/960px-Harvard_Square_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">9. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manch-mills-westside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="10. Manchester, New Hampshire"><img alt="10. Manchester, New Hampshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Manch-mills-westside.jpg/280px-Manch-mills-westside.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Manch-mills-westside.jpg/420px-Manch-mills-westside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Manch-mills-westside.jpg/560px-Manch-mills-westside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">10. <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_areas_and_capitals">Metropolitan areas and capitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Metropolitan areas and capitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metropolitan_areas">Metropolitan areas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metropolitan areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical areas</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Metropolitan area </th> <th>State(s) </th> <th>Population (2020) </th> <th>Encompassing <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td>4,941,632 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Combined_statistical_area" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_metropolitan_area" title="Providence metropolitan area">Providence</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td>1,676,579 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Combined_statistical_area" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>1,213,531 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_MA-CT_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Worcester, MA-CT MSA">Worcester</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>978,529 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Combined_statistical_area" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bridgeport" title="Greater Bridgeport">Bridgeport</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>957,419 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_New_Haven" title="Greater New Haven">New Haven</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>864,835 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>699,162 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Maine" title="Portland metropolitan area, Maine">Portland</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td>551,740 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Maine#Combined_statistical_area" title="Portland metropolitan area, Maine">Portland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Hillsborough County, New Hampshire">Manchester-Nashua</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td>422,937 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Combined_statistical_area" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_London_County,_Connecticut" title="New London County, Connecticut">Norwich-New London</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>268,555 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Hartford" title="Greater Hartford">Hartford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>228,996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston#Combined_statistical_area" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont_metropolitan_area" title="Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area">Burlington</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td>225,562 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont_metropolitan_area" title="Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area">Burlington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penobscot_County,_Maine" title="Penobscot County, Maine">Bangor</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td>152,199 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Pittsfield</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/40px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/60px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>129,026 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_County,_Maine" title="Androscoggin County, Maine">Lewiston-Auburn</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td>111,139 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Maine#Combined_statistical_area" title="Portland metropolitan area, Maine">Portland</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_capitals">State capitals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: State capitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vermont_State_House,_Fall_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg/250px-Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg/330px-Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg/500px-Vermont_State_House%2C_Fall_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier, Vermont</a>, is the smallest <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">state capital in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta, Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord, New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier, Vermont</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_England" title="Demographics of New England">Demographics of New England</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png/220px-New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png/330px-New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png/440px-New_England_ancestry_by_county_-_updated.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1234" /></a><figcaption>Largest self-reported ancestry groups in New England. Americans of Irish descent form a plurality in most of Massachusetts, while Americans of English descent form a plurality in much of the central parts of Vermont and New Hampshire as well as nearly all of Maine.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2020, New England had a population of 15,116,205, a growth of 4.6% from 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massachusetts is the most populous state with 7,029,917 residents, while Vermont is the least populous state with 643,077 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-2020census_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020census-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boston is by far the region's most populous city and metropolitan area. </p><p>Although a great disparity exists between New England's northern and southern portions, the region's average population density is 234.93 inhabitants/sq mi (90.7/km<sup>2</sup>). New England has a significantly higher population density than that of the U.S. as a whole (79.56/sq mi), or even just the contiguous 48 states (94.48/sq mi). Three-quarters of the population of New England, and most of the major cities, are in southern New England—the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island—where the combined population density is 786.83/sq mi (2000 census). In northern New England—the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont—the combined population density is 63.56/sq mi (2000 census). </p><p>According to the 2006–08 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, 48.7% of New Englanders were male and 51.3% were female. Approximately 22.4% of the population were under 18 years of age; 13.5% were over 65 years of age. The six states of New England have the lowest birth rate in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png/500px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png/960px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_England.png 2x" data-file-width="4855" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in New England</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_(Boston,_MA)_(13202190293).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg/250px-World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg/330px-World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg/500px-World%27s_largest_Irish_flag--swaying_in_the_wind_%28Boston%2C_MA%29_%2813202190293%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5264" data-file-height="3509" /></a><figcaption>World's largest Irish flag in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. People who claim <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> descent constitute the largest ethnic ancestry in New England.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> make up the majority of New England's population at 73.4% of the total population, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> are New England's largest minority, and they are the second-largest group in the region behind non-Hispanic <a href="/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European Americans</a>. As of 2014, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 10.2% of New England's population. Connecticut had the highest proportion at 13.9%, while Vermont had the lowest at 1.3%. There were nearly 1.5 million Hispanic and Latino individuals reported in New England in 2014. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a> were the most numerous of the Hispanic and Latino subgroups. Over 660,000 Puerto Ricans lived in New England in 2014, forming 4.5% of the population. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a> population is over 200,000, and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a> populations are each over 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Hispanic_Latino_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hispanic_Latino-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Americans of Cuban descent</a> are scant in number; there were roughly 26,000 Cuban Americans in the region in 2014. People of all other Hispanic and Latino ancestries, including <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian</a>, formed 2.5% of New England's population and numbered over 361,000 combined.<sup id="cite_ref-Hispanic_Latino_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hispanic_Latino-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2014 American Community Survey, the top ten largest reported European ancestries were the following:<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>: 19.2% (2.8 million); <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> (includes "<a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a>" ancestry): 16.7% (2.4 million); <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a>: 13.6% (2.0 million); <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a>: 13.1% (1.9 million);<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>: 7.4% (1.1 million); <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a>: 4.9% (roughly 715,000); <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a>: 3.2% (467,000); <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>: 2.5% (370,000); <a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a>: 1.4% (206,000); and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a>: 1.0% (152,000). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club,_Pawtucket,_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg/220px-Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg/330px-Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg/440px-Folkloric_Rancho_of_the_Portuguese_Social_Club%2C_Pawtucket%2C_in_the_2021_Bristol_Fourth_of_July_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Southeastern New England is home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> ethnic enclaves.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>English is, by far, the most common language spoken at home. Approximately 81.3% of all residents (11.3 million people) over the age of five spoke only English at home. Roughly 1,085,000 people (7.8% of the population) spoke Spanish at home, and roughly 970,000 people (7.0% of the population) spoke other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> at home. Over 403,000 people (2.9% of the population) spoke an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asian</a> or Pacific Island language at home.<sup id="cite_ref-Language_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Language-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slightly fewer (about 1%) spoke French at home,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this figure is above 20% in northern New England, which borders francophone Québec.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Roughly 99,000 people (0.7% of the population) spoke languages other than these at home.<sup id="cite_ref-Language_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Language-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2014, approximately 87% of New England's inhabitants were born in the U.S., while over 12% were foreign-born.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of foreign-born residents, 35.8% were born in Latin America, 28.6% were born in Asia,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 22.9% were born in Europe, and 8.5% were born in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Southern New England forms an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">BosWash</a> <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalopolis (city type)">megalopolis</a>, a conglomeration of urban centers that spans from Boston to Washington, D.C. The region includes three of the four <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by population density">most densely populated states in the U.S.</a>; only New Jersey has a higher population density than the states of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, which includes parts of southern New Hampshire, has a total population of approximately 4.8 million,<sup id="cite_ref-metro_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while over half the population of New England falls inside Boston's <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a> of over 8.2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_England" title="Economy of New England">Economy of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg/220px-Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg/330px-Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg/440px-Portland_port_08.07.2012_17-54-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Portland_(Maine)" title="Port of Portland (Maine)">Port of Portland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>, is the largest tonnage seaport in New England.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several factors combine to make the New England economy unique. The region is distant from the geographic center of the country, and it is a relatively small region but densely populated. It historically has been an important center of industry and manufacturing and a supplier of natural resource products, such as granite, lobster, and <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">codfish</a>. The service industry is important, including tourism, education, financial and insurance services, and architectural, building and construction services. The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> has called the New England economy a microcosm for the entire U.S. economy.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOC1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOC1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region underwent a long period of deindustrialization in the first half of the 20th century, as traditional manufacturing companies relocated to the Midwest, with textile and furniture manufacturing migrating to the South. In the late-20th century, an increasing portion of the regional economy included high technology, military defense industry, finance and insurance services, and education and health services. As of 2018, the GDP of New England was $1.1 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England exports food products ranging from fish to lobster, cranberries, potatoes, and maple syrup. About half of the region's exports consist of industrial and commercial machinery, such as computers and electronic and electrical equipment. Granite is quarried at <a href="/wiki/Barre_(town),_Vermont" title="Barre (town), Vermont">Barre, Vermont</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> guns made at <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, Exeter, New Hampshire and <a href="/wiki/Saco,_Maine" title="Saco, Maine">Saco, Maine</a>, submarines at <a href="/wiki/Groton,_Connecticut" title="Groton, Connecticut">Groton, Connecticut</a>, surface naval vessels at <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Maine" title="Bath, Maine">Bath, Maine</a>, and hand tools at <a href="/wiki/Turners_Falls,_Massachusetts" title="Turners Falls, Massachusetts">Turners Falls, Massachusetts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_centers">Urban centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Urban centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aetna_building_in_Hartford,_Connecticut_2,_2009-09-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg/220px-Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg/330px-Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg/440px-Aetna_building_in_Hartford%2C_Connecticut_2%2C_2009-09-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption>The Hartford headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Aetna" title="Aetna">Aetna</a> is housed in a 1931 <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial Revival</a> building.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, Boston was ranked as having the ninth-most competitive financial center in the world and the fourth-most competitive in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boston-based <a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a> helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial centers in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-zyen_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zyen-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Santander_Bank" title="Santander Bank">Santander Bank</a> and a center for venture capital firms. <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street Corporation</a> specializes in asset management and custody services and is based in the city. </p><p>Boston is also a printing and publishing center.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a> is headquartered there, along with <a href="/wiki/Bedford-St._Martin%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford-St. Martin's">Bedford-St. Martin's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">Beacon Press</a>. The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Hynes_Convention_Center" title="Hynes Convention Center">Hynes Convention Center</a> in the Back Bay and the <a href="/wiki/Seaport_Hotel_and_Seaport_World_Trade_Center" title="Seaport Hotel and Seaport World Trade Center">Seaport Hotel and Seaport World Trade Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center" title="Boston Convention and Exhibition Center">Boston Convention and Exhibition Center</a> on the South Boston waterfront.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Electric Corporation">General Electric Corporation</a> announced its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Boston Seaport District from <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield, Connecticut</a>, in 2016, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also holds the headquarters to several major athletic and footwear companies, including <a href="/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Converse (shoe company)">Converse</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Balance" title="New Balance">New Balance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reebok" title="Reebok">Reebok</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rockport_(company)" title="Rockport (company)">Rockport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_World_Wide" title="Wolverine World Wide">Wolverine World Wide</a> have headquarters or regional offices<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just outside the city.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hartford is the historic international center of the insurance industry, with companies such as <a href="/wiki/Aetna" title="Aetna">Aetna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conning_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Conning & Company">Conning & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hartford" title="The Hartford">The Hartford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Pilgrim_Health_Care" title="Harvard Pilgrim Health Care">Harvard Pilgrim Health Care</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_Companies" title="The Phoenix Companies">The Phoenix Companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Steam_Boiler_Inspection_and_Insurance_Company" title="Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company">Hartford Steam Boiler</a> based in the city, and <a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">The Travelers Companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_National_Corporation" title="Lincoln National Corporation">Lincoln National Corporation</a> have major operations in the city. It is also home to the corporate headquarters of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fire_Arms_Mfg._Co." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fire Arms Mfg. Co.">U.S. Fire Arms Mfg. Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Technologies" title="United Technologies">United Technologies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virtus_Investment_Partners" title="Virtus Investment Partners">Virtus Investment Partners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut">Fairfield County, Connecticut</a>, has a large concentration of investment management firms in the area, most notably <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Associates" title="Bridgewater Associates">Bridgewater Associates</a> (one of the world's largest hedge fund companies), Aladdin Capital Management and <a href="/wiki/Point72_Asset_Management" title="Point72 Asset Management">Point72 Asset Management</a>. Moreover, many international banks have their North American headquarters in Fairfield County, such as <a href="/wiki/NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_Field_in_Bethel,_Vermont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg/250px-Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg/330px-Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg/500px-Spring_Field_in_Bethel%2C_Vermont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1666" /></a><figcaption>A plowed field in <a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Vermont" title="Bethel, Vermont">Bethel, Vermont</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture is limited by the area's rocky soil, cool climate, and small area. Some New England states, however, are ranked highly among U.S. states for particular areas of production. Maine is ranked ninth for <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has abundant potato fields in its northeast part. Vermont is fifteenth for dairy products,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Connecticut and Massachusetts seventh and eleventh for tobacco, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cranberries are grown in Massachusetts' <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>-Southcoast-South Shore area, and blueberries in Maine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seabrook_2009-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seabrook_2009-2.jpg/250px-Seabrook_2009-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seabrook_2009-2.jpg/330px-Seabrook_2009-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seabrook_2009-2.jpg/500px-Seabrook_2009-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seabrook_Station_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant">Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seabrook,_New_Hampshire" title="Seabrook, New Hampshire">Seabrook, New Hampshire</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The region is mostly energy-efficient compared to the U.S. at large, with every state but Maine ranking within the ten most energy-efficient states;<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> every state in New England also ranks within the ten most expensive states for electricity prices.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wind power, mainly from offshore sources, is expected to gain market share in the 2020s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Unemployment rates in New England </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Employment area</th> <th>October 2010</th> <th>October 2011</th> <th>October 2012</th> <th>October 2013</th> <th>December 2014</th> <th>December 2015<sup id="cite_ref-ncsl2015_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncsl2015-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>December 2016<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Net change </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>United States</b></td> <td>9.7</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>7.9</td> <td>7.2</td> <td>5.6</td> <td>5.0</td> <td>4.7</td> <td>−5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>New England</i></td> <td>8.3</td> <td>7.6</td> <td>7.4</td> <td>7.1</td> <td>5.4</td> <td>4.3</td> <td>3.5</td> <td>−4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Connecticut</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>8.7</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>7.6</td> <td>6.4</td> <td>5.2</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>−4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maine</td> <td>7.6</td> <td>7.3</td> <td>7.4</td> <td>6.5</td> <td>5.5</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>3.8</td> <td>−3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massachusetts</td> <td>8.3</td> <td>7.3</td> <td>6.6</td> <td>7.2</td> <td>5.5</td> <td>4.7</td> <td>2.8</td> <td>−5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Hampshire</td> <td>5.7</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>5.7</td> <td>5.2</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>−3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhode Island</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>9.4</td> <td>6.8</td> <td>5.1</td> <td>5.0</td> <td>−6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vermont</td> <td>5.9</td> <td>5.6</td> <td>5.5</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>4.2</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>−2.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of January 2017, employment is stronger in New England than in the rest of the United States. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, unemployment rates ballooned across New England as elsewhere; however, in the years that followed, these rates declined steadily, with New Hampshire and Massachusetts having the lowest unemployment rates in the country, respectively. The most extreme swing was in Rhode Island, which had an unemployment rate above 10% following the recession, but which saw this rate decline by over 6% in six years. </p><p>As of December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> (MSA) with the lowest unemployment rate, 2.1%, was <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont</a>; the MSA with the highest rate, 4.9%, was <a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_tax_burden">Overall tax burden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Overall tax burden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, three of the six New England states were among the top ten states in the country in terms of taxes paid per taxpayer, while one was among the top five least. The rankings being #3 Maine (11.14%), #4 Vermont (10.28%), #5 Connecticut (9.83%), #11 Rhode Island (9.07%), #20 Massachusetts (8.48%), and #48 New Hampshire (6.14%). While overall tax burden varies widely, all six states sport exceptionally high property taxes with five of the six states being within the nationwide top 10. The rankings being #1 Maine (5.33%), #2 Vermont (4.98%), #3 New Hampshire (4.94%), #6 Connecticut (4.24%), #7 Rhode Island (4.17%), and #13 Massachusetts (3.42%).<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vermont" title="Government of Vermont">Government of Vermont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Hampshire" title="Government of New Hampshire">Government of New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Maine">Government of Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government of Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Connecticut">Government of Connecticut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Rhode_Island" title="Government of Rhode Island">Government of Rhode Island</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_meetings">Town meetings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Town meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">New England town</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntington_town_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huntington_town_meeting.jpg/220px-Huntington_town_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huntington_town_meeting.jpg/330px-Huntington_town_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huntington_town_meeting.jpg/440px-Huntington_town_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/New_England_town_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="New England town meeting">New England town meeting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_Vermont" title="Huntington, Vermont">Huntington, Vermont</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/New_England_town_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="New England town meeting">New England town meetings</a> were derived from meetings held by church elders, and are still an integral part of government in many <a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">New England towns</a>. At such meetings, any citizen of the town may discuss issues with other members of the community and vote on them. This is the strongest example of <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a> in the U.S. today, and the strong democratic tradition was even apparent in the early 19th century, when <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>New England, where education and liberty are the daughters of morality and religion, where society has acquired age and stability enough to enable it to form principles and hold fixed habits, the common people are accustomed to respect intellectual and moral superiority and to submit to it without complaint, although they set at naught all those privileges which wealth and birth have introduced among mankind. In New England, consequently, the democracy makes a more judicious choice than it does elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>By contrast, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalist Papers">Federalist No. 55</a></i> that, regardless of the assembly, "passion never fails to wrest the scepter from reason. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob."<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use and effectiveness of town meetings is still discussed by scholars, as well as the possible application of the format to other regions and countries.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_England" title="Politics of New England">Politics of New England</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_England" title="Elections in New England">Elections in New England</a></div> <p>State and national elected officials in New England recently have been elected mainly from the Democratic Party.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is generally considered to be the most liberal in the United States, with more New Englanders identifying as liberals than Americans elsewhere. In 2010, four of six of the New England states were polled as the most liberal in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_England_flag_1988.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_England_flag_1988.svg/220px-New_England_flag_1988.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_England_flag_1988.svg/330px-New_England_flag_1988.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/New_England_flag_1988.svg/440px-New_England_flag_1988.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the New England Governor's Conference (NEGC)</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2021, five of the six states of New England have voted for every Democratic presidential nominee since 1992. In that time, New Hampshire has voted for Democratic nominees in every presidential election except 2000, when <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> narrowly won the state. 2020 was a particularly strong year for Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in New England, winning 61.2% of the total vote in the six states, the highest percentage for Democrats since the landslide election of 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the <a href="/wiki/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a>, all members of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from New England are members of the Democratic Party, and all but one of its <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senators</a> caucus with the Democrats. Two of those senators, although caucusing with Democrats, are the only <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independents</a> currently serving in Congress: <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, a self-described <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-socialistsuccess_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socialistsuccess-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-politicosocialist_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politicosocialist-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing Vermont, and <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a>, an Independent representing Maine. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 2008">2008 presidential election</a>, Barack Obama carried all six New England states by 9 percentage points or more.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He carried every county in New England except for <a href="/wiki/Piscataquis_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Piscataquis County">Piscataquis County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, which he lost by 4% to Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (R-AZ). Pursuant to the reapportionment following the 2010 census, New England collectively has 33 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">2020 United States Presidential Election Results in <p>New England </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Total voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) </th> <td align="center">4,867,473 </td> <td align="center">61.7% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) </th> <td align="center">2,920,019 </td> <td align="center">37.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F8F9FA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a> (L) </th> <td align="center">103,139 </td> <td align="center">1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="center">7,890,631 </th> <th align="center">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following table presents the vote percentage for the popular-vote winner for each New England state, New England as a whole, and the United States as a whole, in each presidential election from 1900 to 2020, with the vote percentage for the Republican candidate shaded in red and the vote percentage for the Democratic candidate shaded in blue: </p> <table class="wikitable table"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Connecticut</th> <th>Maine</th> <th>Massachusetts</th> <th>New Hampshire</th> <th>Rhode Island</th> <th>Vermont</th> <th>New England</th> <th>United States </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">65.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">66.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">62.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">66.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">62.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">67.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">38.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">68.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">64.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">64.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">67.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">68.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">76.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">80.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">66.3%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">72.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">61.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">63.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.0%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">63.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">70.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">66.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">72.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">66.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">71.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">52.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">58.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.9%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">60.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.8%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">55.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">57.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">68.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.7%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">66.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">53.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">72.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">78.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">63.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">68.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">68.5%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">64.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">75.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">66.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">62.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.2%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.4%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.5%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37.1%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.6%</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">63.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.8%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">75.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.2%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">58.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">67.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.1%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">78.0%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">60.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">56.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.9%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.6%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.3%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">75.7%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.4%</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.6% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_party_strength">Political party strength</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Political party strength"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judging purely by party registration rather than voting patterns, New England today is one of the most Democratic regions in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> are "solidly Democratic", <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> "leans Democratic", and <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> is a swing state.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though New England is today considered a Democratic Party stronghold, much of the region was staunchly Republican before the mid-twentieth century. This changed in the late 20th century, in large part due to demographic shifts<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Republican Party's adoption of socially conservative platforms as part of its strategic <a href="/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy">shift towards the South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tarr_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarr-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Vermont voted Republican in every presidential election from 1856 through 1988 with the exception of 1964, and has voted Democratic every election since. Maine and Vermont were the only two states in the nation to vote against Democrat <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> all four times he ran for president. Republicans in New England are today considered by both liberals and conservatives to be <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">more moderate</a> (socially liberal) compared to Republicans in other parts of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State</th> <th>Governor</th> <th>Senior U.S. Senator</th> <th>Junior U.S. Senator</th> <th>U.S. House Delegation</th> <th>Upper House Majority</th> <th>Lower House Majority </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Lamont" title="Ned Lamont">N. Lamont</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">R. Blumenthal</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">C. Murphy</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 5–0</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 25–11</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 102–49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Mills" title="Janet Mills">J. Mills</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">S. Collins</a></td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">A. King</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_independent†"><a href="#endnote_independent†">[†]</a></sup></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 2-0</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 20–15</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 76–73–2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">M. Healey</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 9–0</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 35–5</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 132–25–1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ayotte" title="Kelly Ayotte">K. Ayotte</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">J. Shaheen</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hassan" title="Maggie Hassan">M. Hassan</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 2-0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican 16–8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican 222-178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Dan_McKee" title="Dan McKee">D. McKee</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">J. Reed</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Whitehouse" title="Sheldon Whitehouse">S. Whitehouse</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 2–0</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 34–4</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 64-10-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">P. Scott</a></td> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC"><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">B. Sanders</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_independent†"><a href="#endnote_independent†">[†]</a></sup></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">P. Welch</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 1–0</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 22–7–1</td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic 87–57–5–3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_independent†"><a href="#ref_independent†"><b><sup>†</sup></b></a></span> Elected as an independent, but caucuses with the Democratic Party. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Hampshire_primary">New Hampshire primary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New Hampshire primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg/250px-Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg/330px-Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg/500px-Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3895" data-file-height="2536" /></a><figcaption>Alumni Hall at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a> has served as a backdrop for media reports during the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a> has been the first in a series of nationwide political party <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary elections</a> held in the United States every four years. Held in the state of <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, it usually marks the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election</a> process. Even though few delegates are chosen from New Hampshire, the primary has always been pivotal to both New England and American politics. One college in particular, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm College">Saint Anselm College</a>, has been home to numerous national presidential debates and visits by candidates to its campus.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG/250px-Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG/330px-Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG/500px-Harvard_Yard_aerial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>New England is home to four of the eight <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> universities. Pictured here is <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a> of Harvard University.</figcaption></figure> <p>New England contains some of the oldest and most renowned institutions of higher learning in the United States and the world. <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard College</a> was the first such institution, founded in 1636 at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, to train preachers. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Old_Saybrook,_Connecticut" title="Old Saybrook, Connecticut">Old Saybrook, Connecticut</a>, in 1701, and awarded the nation's first doctoral (PhD) degree in 1861. Yale moved to <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, in 1718, where it has remained to the present day. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> was the first college in the nation to accept students of all religious affiliations, and is the seventh oldest U.S. institution of higher learning. It was founded in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, in 1764. <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> was founded five years later in <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover, New Hampshire</a>, with the mission of educating the local <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> population as well as English youth. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>, the fifth oldest university in New England, was founded in 1791, the same year that Vermont joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">Union</a>. </p><p>In addition to four out of eight <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> schools, New England contains the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT), the bulk of educational institutions that are identified as the "<a href="/wiki/Little_Ivies" title="Little Ivies">Little Ivies</a>", four of the original <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters_(colleges)" title="Seven Sisters (colleges)">Seven Sisters</a>, one of the eight original <a href="/wiki/Public_Ivies" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Ivies">Public Ivies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_Worcester_Consortium" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges of Worcester Consortium">Colleges of Worcester Consortium</a> in central Massachusetts, and the <a href="/wiki/Five_Colleges_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Colleges (Massachusetts)">Five Colleges</a> consortium in western Massachusetts. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Hampshire" title="University of New Hampshire">University of New Hampshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_at_Amherst" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Massachusetts at Amherst">University of Massachusetts at Amherst</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island" title="University of Rhode Island">University of Rhode Island</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> are the flagship state universities in the region. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Connecticut" title="List of colleges and universities in Connecticut">List of colleges and universities in Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Maine" title="List of colleges and universities in Maine">List of colleges and universities in Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts">List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_Hampshire" title="List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire">List of colleges and universities in New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Rhode_Island" title="List of colleges and universities in Rhode Island">List of colleges and universities in Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Vermont" title="List of colleges and universities in Vermont">List of colleges and universities in Vermont</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_and_independent_secondary_schools">Private and independent secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Private and independent secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExeterAndover1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ExeterAndover1903.jpg/220px-ExeterAndover1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ExeterAndover1903.jpg/330px-ExeterAndover1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/ExeterAndover1903.jpg/440px-ExeterAndover1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> are two prestigious New England secondary schools founded in the late 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>At the pre-college level, New England is home to a number of American independent schools (also known as private schools). The concept of the elite "New England <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">prep school</a>" (preparatory school) and the "<a href="/wiki/Preppy" title="Preppy">preppy</a>" lifestyle is an iconic part of the region's image.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>See the list of private schools for each state:<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Connecticut" title="Category:Private schools in Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Private schools in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Maine" title="Category:Private schools in Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_New_Hampshire" title="Category:Private schools in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Rhode_Island" title="Category:Private schools in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Vermont" title="Category:Private schools in Vermont">Vermont</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_education">Public education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Public education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New England is home to some of the oldest public schools in the nation and was the first region in the United States to implement universal <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_schooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory schooling">compulsory schooling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">Boston Latin School</a> is the oldest public school in America and was attended by several signatories of the Declaration of Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Public_High_School" title="Hartford Public High School">Hartford Public High School</a> is the second oldest operating high school in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2005, the <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Education Association</a> ranked Connecticut as having the highest-paid teachers in the country. Massachusetts and Rhode Island ranked eighth and ninth, respectively. </p><p>New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont have cooperated in developing a <a href="/wiki/New_England_Common_Assessment_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Common Assessment Program">New England Common Assessment Program</a> test under the <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a> guidelines. These states can compare the resultant scores with each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_journals_and_press">Academic journals and press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Academic journals and press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several academic journals and publishing companies in the region, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. Some of its institutions lead the <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">open access</a> alternative to conventional academic publication, including <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Boston" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Boston">Federal Reserve Bank of Boston</a> publishes the <i>New England Economic Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_Flag_red.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/220px-NE_Flag_red.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/330px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/440px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag of New England</a> flying in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. New Englanders maintain a strong sense of regional and cultural identity.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>New England has a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by waves of immigration from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to other American regions, many of New England's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England, contributing to New England's distinctive accents, foods, customs, and social structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_Fischer_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett_Fischer-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30–50">: 30–50 </span></sup> Within modern New England a cultural divide exists between urban New Englanders living along the densely populated coastline, and rural New Englanders in western Massachusetts, northwestern and northeastern Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, where population density is low.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a substantial divide between Connecticut and the other states of the region, owing to the former's close cultural and economic ties with the New York metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacham,_Vermont_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg/220px-Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg/330px-Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg/440px-Peacham%2C_Vermont_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A classic New England <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peacham,_Vermont" title="Peacham, Vermont">Peacham, Vermont</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Today, New England is the least religious region of the U.S. In 2009, less than half of those polled in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont claimed that religion was an important part of their daily lives. Connecticut and Rhode Island are among the ten least religious states, where 55% and 53% of those polled (respectively) claimed that it was important.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Religious_Identification_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="American Religious Identification Survey">American Religious Identification Survey</a>, 34% of Vermonters claimed to have no religion; nearly one out of every four New Englanders identifies as having no religion, more than in any other part of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New England had one of the highest percentages of Catholics in the U.S. This number declined from 50% in 1990 to 36% in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIS2008_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIS2008-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_roots">Cultural roots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cultural roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the first European colonists of New England had a <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">maritime</a> orientation toward <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> (first noted about 1650)<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fishing, in addition to farming. New England has developed a distinct <a href="/wiki/New_England_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="New England cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_England_English" title="Eastern New England English">dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connected_farm" title="Connected farm">architecture</a>, and government. New England cuisine has a reputation for its emphasis on seafood and dairy; <a href="/wiki/Clam_chowder" title="Clam chowder">clam chowder</a>, lobster, and other products of the sea are among some of the region's most popular foods. </p><p>New England has largely preserved its regional character, especially in its historic places. The region has become more <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a>, having seen waves of immigration from Ireland, Quebec, Italy, Portugal, Germany, Poland, Scandinavia, Asia, Latin America, Africa, other parts of the U.S., and elsewhere. The enduring European influence can be seen in the region in the use of traffic <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">rotaries</a>; the bilingual French and English towns of northern Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire; the unique, often non-<a href="/wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhotic and non-rhotic accents">rhotic</a> traditional coastal dialect akin to the southeastern half of England; and the region's heavy prevalence of English town- and county-names. These repeat from state to state, primarily due to settlers throughout the region having named their new towns after their old ones. For example, the town of <a href="/wiki/North_Yarmouth,_Maine" title="North Yarmouth, Maine">North Yarmouth, Maine</a>, was named by settlers from <a href="/wiki/Yarmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Yarmouth, Massachusetts">Yarmouth, Massachusetts</a>, which was in turn named for <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> (still locally called Yarmouth) in England. Every New England state has a town named Warren (a French-English noble family of wealthy settlers), and each except Rhode Island has a city/town named Franklin and Washington (constitutional founding fathers), Andover, Bridgewater, Chester, Manchester, Plymouth, and Windsor (these six were towns in England). Every state except Connecticut has a Lincoln and has a Richmond. Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine each contain a <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County_(disambiguation)#in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Franklin County (disambiguation)">Franklin County</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">Cuisine of New England</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_England_clam_bake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/New_England_clam_bake.jpg/250px-New_England_clam_bake.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/New_England_clam_bake.jpg/330px-New_England_clam_bake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/New_England_clam_bake" class="mw-redirect" title="New England clam bake">Clam Bake</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg/250px-Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg/330px-Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg/500px-Clam_chowder_with_whole_clams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Clam_chowder#New_England_clam_chowder" title="Clam chowder">Clam chowder</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg/177px-Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg/266px-Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg/354px-Cousins_Maine_Lobster_Roll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lobster_roll" title="Lobster roll">Lobster rolls</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberry_Sauce_(3617909597).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cranberry_Sauce_%283617909597%29.jpg/250px-Cranberry_Sauce_%283617909597%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cranberry_Sauce_%283617909597%29.jpg/330px-Cranberry_Sauce_%283617909597%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>New England maintains a distinct cuisine and food culture. Early foods in the region were influenced by Native American and English cuisines. The early colonists often adapted their original cuisine to fit with the available foods of the region. New England staples reflect the convergence of American Indian and Pilgrim cuisine, such as <a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">johnnycakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">succotash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">cornbread</a> and various seafood recipes. The <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki</a> tribal nations made <a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">nut milk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England also has a distinct food language. A few of the unique regional terms include "grinders" for <a href="/wiki/Submarine_sandwich" title="Submarine sandwich">submarine sandwiches</a> and "frappes" for thick milkshakes, referred to as "Cabinets" in Rhode Island. Other foods native to the region include steak tips (marinated <a href="/wiki/Sirloin_steak" title="Sirloin steak">sirloin steak</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bulkie_roll" title="Bulkie roll">bulkie rolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberry</a> recipes and <a href="/wiki/Clam_chowder" title="Clam chowder">clam chowder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A type of <a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a> known as New England India Pale Ale (NEIPA) was developed in Vermont in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other regional beverages include <a href="/wiki/Moxie" title="Moxie">Moxie</a>, one of the first mass-produced soft drinks in the United States, introduced in <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell, Massachusetts</a>, in 1876; it remains popular in New England, particularly in Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coffee_milk" title="Coffee milk">Coffee milk</a> is associated with <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> as the official state drink.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a> is an important element in the annual <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Feast of the Blessed Sacrament">Feast of the Blessed Sacrament</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford, Massachusetts</a>, the largest ethnic heritage festival in New England.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accents_and_dialects">Accents and dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Accents and dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_England_English" title="New England English">New England English</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England_French" title="New England French">New England French</a></div> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> dialects spoken in the region, most famously the <a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Boston accent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is native to the northeastern coastal regions of New England. The most identifiable features of the Boston accent are believed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2018)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have originated from England's <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>, which shares features such as the <a href="/wiki/Broad_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad A">broad A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English">dropping the final R</a>. Another source was 17th century speech in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, where many of the Puritan immigrants had originated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The East Anglian "whine" developed into the Yankee "twang".<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_Fischer_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett_Fischer-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boston accents were most strongly associated at one point with the so-called "<a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">Eastern Establishment</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston's upper class</a>, although today the accent is predominantly associated with blue-collar natives, as exemplified by movies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Will_Hunting" title="Good Will Hunting">Good Will Hunting</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a></i>. The Boston accent and those accents closely related to it cover eastern Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Rhode Islanders speak with a <a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English">non-rhotic</a> accent that many compare to a "<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>" accent or a cross between a New York and Boston accent, where "water" becomes "wata". Many Rhode Islanders distinguish the <i>aw</i> sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a>]</span>, as one might hear in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>; e.g., the word "coffee" is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAW</span>-fee</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rilang_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rilang-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of accent was brought to the region by early settlers from eastern England in the Puritan migration in the mid-seventeenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_Fischer_138-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett_Fischer-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13–207">: 13–207 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_activities_and_music">Social activities and music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Social activities and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Acadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadian">Acadian</a> and <a href="/wiki/French-speaking_Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="French-speaking Quebecer">Québécois</a> culture are included in music and dance in much of rural New England, particularly Maine. <a href="/wiki/Contra_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra dancing">Contra dancing</a> and country <a href="/wiki/Square_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Square dancing">square dancing</a> are popular throughout New England, usually backed by live Irish, Acadian or other folk music. <a href="/wiki/Fife_and_drum_corps" title="Fife and drum corps">Fife and drum corps</a> are common, especially in southern New England and more specifically <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, with music of mostly Celtic, English, and local origin. </p><p>New England leads the U.S. in ice cream consumption per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Candlepin_bowling" title="Candlepin bowling">Candlepin bowling</a> is essentially confined to New England, where it was invented in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg/220px-Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg/330px-Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg/440px-Symphony_Hall_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Boston" title="Symphony Hall, Boston">Boston's Symphony Hall</a> is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a>—the second-oldest of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Five_(orchestras)" title="Big Five (orchestras)">Big Five</a> American symphony orchestras.</figcaption></figure> <p>New England was an important center of <a href="/wiki/American_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="American classical music">American classical music</a> for some time. The <a href="/wiki/Yankee_tunesmiths" title="Yankee tunesmiths">First New England School</a> of composers was active between 1770 and 1820, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_New_England_School" title="Second New England School">Second New England School</a> about a century later. Prominent modernist composers also come from the region, including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(composer)" title="John Adams (composer)">John Adams</a>. Boston is the site of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Conservatory">New England Conservatory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Conservatory_at_Berklee" title="Boston Conservatory at Berklee">Boston Conservatory at Berklee</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a>. </p><p>In popular music, the region has produced <a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, <a href="/wiki/JoJo_(singer)" title="JoJo (singer)">JoJo</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Edition" title="New Edition">New Edition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Brown" title="Bobby Brown">Bobby Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bel_Biv_Devoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel Biv Devoe">Bel Biv Devoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passion_Pit" title="Passion Pit">Passion Pit</a>, <a href="/wiki/MGMT" title="MGMT">MGMT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Trainor" title="Meghan Trainor">Meghan Trainor</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Block" title="New Kids on the Block">New Kids on the Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Platten" title="Rachel Platten">Rachel Platten</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a>. In rock music, the region has produced <a href="/wiki/Rob_Zombie" title="Rob Zombie">Rob Zombie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extreme_(band)" title="Extreme (band)">Extreme</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Modern_Lovers" title="The Modern Lovers">the Modern Lovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phish" title="Phish">Phish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">the Cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_J._Geils_Band" title="The J. Geils Band">the J. Geils Band</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">the Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Potter" title="Grace Potter">Grace Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/GG_Allin" title="GG Allin">GG Allin</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dresden_Dolls" title="The Dresden Dolls">the Dresden Dolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr." title="Dinosaur Jr.">Dinosaur Jr.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_(band)" title="Boston (band)">Boston</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy, Massachusetts</a>, native <a href="/wiki/Dick_Dale" title="Dick Dale">Dick Dale</a> helped popularize <a href="/wiki/Surf_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Surf rock">surf rock</a>. Hip hop acts hailing from New England include <a href="/wiki/Gang_Starr" title="Gang Starr">Gang Starr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apathy_(rapper)" title="Apathy (rapper)">Apathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Lif" title="Mr. Lif">Mr. Lif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akrobatik" title="Akrobatik">Akrobatik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leading U.S. cable TV sports broadcaster <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Connecticut" title="Bristol, Connecticut">Bristol, Connecticut</a>. New England has several regional cable networks, including <a href="/wiki/New_England_Cable_News" title="New England Cable News">New England Cable News</a> (NECN) and the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Sports Network">New England Sports Network</a> (NESN). New England Cable News is the largest regional <a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">24-hour</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_cable_news" title="United States cable news">cable news</a> network in the U.S., broadcasting to more than 3.2 million homes in all of the New England states. Its studios are located in <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a>, outside of Boston, and it maintains bureaus in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>; <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>; <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Connecticut's Litchfield, Fairfield, and New Haven counties, it also broadcasts New York based news programs—this is due in part to the immense influence New York has on this region's economy and culture, and also to give Connecticut broadcasters the ability to compete with overlapping media coverage from New York-area broadcasters. </p><p>NESN broadcasts the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> baseball and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> hockey throughout the region, save for Fairfield County, Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Connecticut also receives the <a href="/wiki/YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a>, which broadcasts the games of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Nets" title="Brooklyn Nets">Brooklyn Nets</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/SportsNet_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsNet New York">SportsNet New York</a> (SNY), which broadcasts <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> games. </p><p><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Boston" title="NBC Sports Boston">NBC Sports Boston</a> broadcasts the games of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Cannons" title="Boston Cannons">Boston Cannons</a> to all of New England except Fairfield County. </p><p>While most New England cities have daily newspapers, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> are distributed widely throughout the region. Major newspapers also include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Providence_Journal" title="The Providence Journal">The Providence Journal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portland_Press_Herald" title="Portland Press Herald">Portland Press Herald</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a></i>, the oldest continuously published newspaper in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comedy">Comedy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Englanders are well represented in American comedy. Writers for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> and late-night television programs often come by way of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Lampoon" title="The Harvard Lampoon">The Harvard Lampoon</a></i>. A number of <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> (SNL) cast members have roots in New England, from <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amy_Poehler" title="Amy Poehler">Amy Poehler</a>, who also starred in the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_Recreation" title="Parks and Recreation">Parks and Recreation</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane" title="Seth MacFarlane">Seth MacFarlane</a>, the creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i>, is from Connecticut, with the show taking place in a fictional town called Quahog, Rhode Island. Former <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">Daily Show</a></i> correspondents <a href="/wiki/John_Hodgman" title="John Hodgman">John Hodgman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Corddry" title="Rob Corddry">Rob Corddry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a> are from Massachusetts. Carell was also involved in film and <a href="/wiki/The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Office (U.S. TV series)">the American adaptation</a> of <i>The Office</i> (alongside fellow Massachusetts natives <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Kaling" title="Mindy Kaling">Mindy Kaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._J._Novak" title="B. J. Novak">B. J. Novak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Krasinski" title="John Krasinski">John Krasinski</a>), which features <a href="/wiki/Dunder-Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunder-Mifflin">Dunder-Mifflin</a> branches set in <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford, Connecticut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua, New Hampshire</a>. </p><p>Late-night television hosts <a href="/wiki/Jay_Leno" title="Jay Leno">Jay Leno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien" title="Conan O'Brien">Conan O'Brien</a> have roots in the Boston area. Notable stand-up comedians are also from the region, including <a href="/wiki/Bill_Burr" title="Bill Burr">Bill Burr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Sweeney_(comedian)" title="Steve Sweeney (comedian)">Steve Sweeney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Wright" title="Steven Wright">Steven Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Silverman" title="Sarah Silverman">Sarah Silverman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lampanelli" title="Lisa Lampanelli">Lisa Lampanelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Leary" title="Denis Leary">Denis Leary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Clarke" title="Lenny Clarke">Lenny Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrice_O%27Neal" title="Patrice O'Neal">Patrice O'Neal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_CK" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis CK">Louis CK</a>. <i>SNL</i> cast member <a href="/wiki/Seth_Meyers" title="Seth Meyers">Seth Meyers</a> once attributed the region's imprint on American humor to its "sort of wry New England sense of pointing out anyone who's trying to make a big deal of himself", with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> suggesting that <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a> and sarcasm are its trademarks, as well as Irish influences.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_England" title="Literature of New England">Literature of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg/220px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg/330px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg/440px-Robert_Frost_NYWTS_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>New England <a href="/wiki/American_literary_regionalism" title="American literary regionalism">regionalist</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>New Englanders have made significant contributions to literature. The first printing press in America was set up in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daye" title="Stephen Daye">Stephen Daye</a> in the 17th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Writers in New England produced many works on religious subjects, particularly on Puritan theology and poetry during colonial times and on <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> ideas during the American Revolution. The literature of New England has had an enduring influence on American literature in general, with themes that are emblematic of the larger concerns of American letters, such as religion, race, the individual versus society, social repression and nature.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>19th century New England was a center for progressive ideals, and many <a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcendentalist">transcendentalist</a> tracts were produced. Leading transcendentalists were from New England, such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Henry_Hedge" title="Frederic Henry Hedge">Frederic Henry Hedge</a>. Hartford, Connecticut resident <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> was an influential book in the spread of abolitionist ideas and is said to have "laid the groundwork for the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prominent New England novelists include <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Orne_Jewett" title="Sarah Orne Jewett">Sarah Orne Jewett</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">Annie Proulx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_V._Higgins" title="George V. Higgins">George V. Higgins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>. </p><p>Boston was the center of the American publishing industry for some years, largely on the strength of its local writers and before it was overtaken by New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. Boston remains the home of publishers <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson Education</a>, and it was the longtime home of literary magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankee Magazine">Yankee</a></i> is a magazine for New Englanders based in <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_New_Hampshire" title="Dublin, New Hampshire">Dublin, New Hampshire</a>. </p><p>Many New Englander poets have also been preeminent in <a href="/wiki/American_poetry" title="American poetry">American poetry</a>. Prominent poets include <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay-Abaire" title="David Lindsay-Abaire">David Lindsay-Abaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Proulx" title="Annie Proulx">Annie Proulx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Arlington_Robinson" title="Edwin Arlington Robinson">Edwin Arlington Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Amy Lowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cheever" title="John Cheever">John Cheever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bishop" title="Elizabeth Bishop">Elizabeth Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._E._Cummings" title="E. E. Cummings">E. E. Cummings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edna_St._Vincent_Millay" title="Edna St. Vincent Millay">Edna St. Vincent Millay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._T._Coffin" title="Robert P. T. Coffin">Robert P. T. Coffin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a> who was described as an "artistic institution"<sup id="cite_ref-Stine_1983_110_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stine_1983_110-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> frequently wrote about rural New England life. The <a href="/wiki/Confessional_poetry" title="Confessional poetry">Confessional poetry</a> movement features prominent New England writers including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Robert Lowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Sexton" title="Anne Sexton">Anne Sexton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film,_television,_and_acting"><span id="Film.2C_television.2C_and_acting"></span>Film, television, and acting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Film, television, and acting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New England has a rich history in <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> dating back to the dawn of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion picture">motion picture</a> era at the turn of the 20th century, sometimes dubbed <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_East" title="Hollywood East">Hollywood East</a> by film critics. A theater at 547 Washington Street in Boston was the second location to debut a picture projected by the <a href="/wiki/Vitascope" title="Vitascope">Vitascope</a>, and shortly thereafter several novels were being adapted for the screen and set in New England, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Seven_Gables" class="mw-redirect" title="The House of Seven Gables">The House of Seven Gables</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New England region continued to churn out films at a pace above the national average for the duration of the 20th century, including blockbuster hits such as <i><a href="/wiki/Jaws_(film)" title="Jaws (film)">Jaws</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Will_Hunting" title="Good Will Hunting">Good Will Hunting</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a></i>, all of which won <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>. The New England area became known for a number of themes that recurred in films made during this era, including the development of yankee characters, smalltown life contrasted with city values, seafaring tales, family secrets and haunted New England.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These themes are rooted in centuries of New England culture and are complemented by the region's diverse natural landscape and architecture, from the Atlantic Ocean and brilliant fall foliage to church steeples and skyscrapers. </p><p>Since the turn of the millennium, Boston and the greater New England region have been home to the production of numerous films and television series, thanks in part to tax incentive programs put in place by local governments to attract filmmakers to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg/220px-Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg/330px-Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg/440px-Conanicut_Point_Light_in_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="2299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Moonrise_Kingdom" title="Moonrise Kingdom">Moonrise Kingdom</a></i> is set on a fictional New England island and was largely filmed in Rhode Island</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable actors and actresses that have come from the New England area include <a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(actor)" title="Chris Evans (actor)">Chris Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Neal" title="Ryan O'Neal">Ryan O'Neal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Poehler" title="Amy Poehler">Amy Poehler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Banks" title="Elizabeth Banks">Elizabeth Banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Carell" title="Steve Carell">Steve Carell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Gordon" title="Ruth Gordon">Ruth Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Krasinski" title="John Krasinski">John Krasinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton" title="Edward Norton">Edward Norton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg" title="Mark Wahlberg">Mark Wahlberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Perry" title="Matthew Perry">Matthew Perry</a>. Many films and television series have been <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_New_England" title="List of films set in New England">produced in and set in New England</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_historical_societies,_and_libraries"><span id="Museums.2C_historical_societies.2C_and_libraries"></span>Museums, historical societies, and libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Museums, historical societies, and libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston,_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg/220px-Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg/330px-Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg/440px-Museum_of_Fine_Arts_Boston%2C_Huntington_Ave_entrance_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are many museums located throughout New England, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> area. These museums include privately held collections as well as public institutions. Most notable of these museums are the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston">Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Art_Museum" title="Worcester Art Museum">Worcester Art Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Essex_Museum" title="Peabody Essex Museum">Peabody Essex Museum</a>. The oldest public museum in continuous operation in the United States is the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Hall_Museum" title="Pilgrim Hall Museum">Pilgrim Hall Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a>, which opened in 1824. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a> is the largest public library in the region with over 8 million materials in its collection. The largest academic research library in the world is the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>. The <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois_Library" title="W. E. B. Du Bois Library">W. E. B. Du Bois Library</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> is the tallest academic library in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also many <a href="/wiki/Historical_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical societies">historical societies</a> in the region. <a href="/wiki/Historic_New_England" title="Historic New England">Historic New England</a> operates museums and historic sites in the name of historical preservation. Many properties belonging to HNE include preserved <a href="/wiki/Historic_house_museum" title="Historic house museum">house museums</a> of prominent figures in New England and American history. Other societies include the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Essex_Institute" title="Essex Institute">Essex Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bostonian_Society" title="The Bostonian Society">The Bostonian Society</a>. The Massachusetts Historical Society, founded in 1791, is the oldest operating in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many cities and towns across New England operate their own historical societies focused on historical preservation of local sites and the recording of local history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_England" title="Sports in New England">Sports in New England</a></div> <p>New England has a strong heritage of athletics, and many internationally popular sports were invented and codified in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>. </p><p>Football is the most popular sport in the region and was developed by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Camp" title="Walter Camp">Walter Camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, in the 1870s and 1880s. The <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough, Massachusetts</a>, and are the most popular professional sports team in New England. The Patriots have won six <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> championships and are one of the most winning teams in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>. There are also high-profile collegiate and high school football rivalries in New England. These games are most often played on <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving Day</a> and are some of the oldest sports rivalries in the United States. The high school rivalry between <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_High_School" title="Wellesley High School">Wellesley High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Needham_High_School" title="Needham High School">Needham High School</a> in Massachusetts is considered to be the nation's oldest football rivalry, having started in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the advent of modern rules of baseball, a different form was played called <a href="/wiki/The_Massachusetts_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Massachusetts Game">the Massachusetts Game</a>. This version of baseball was an early rival of the <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Rules" title="Knickerbocker Rules">Knickerbocker Rules</a> of New York and was played throughout New England. In 1869, there were 59 teams throughout the region which played according to the Massachusetts rules. The New York rules gradually became more popular throughout the United States, and professional and semi-professional clubs began to appear. Early teams included the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Grays" title="Providence Grays">Providence Grays</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Worcesters" title="Worcester Worcesters">Worcester Worcesters</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Dark_Blues" title="Hartford Dark Blues">Hartford Dark Blues</a>; these did not last long, but other teams grew to renown, such as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Boston_Braves" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Boston Braves">Boston Braves</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>. Fenway Park was built in 1912 and is the oldest ballpark still in use in Major League Baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Red Sox have won the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> nine times, tied for third-most among all <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB</a> teams. Other professional baseball teams in the region include the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Yard_Goats" title="Hartford Yard Goats">Hartford Yard Goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Fisher_Cats" title="New Hampshire Fisher Cats">New Hampshire Fisher Cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Lake_Monsters" title="Vermont Lake Monsters">Vermont Lake Monsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Sea_Dogs" title="Portland Sea Dogs">Portland Sea Dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport_Bluefish" title="Bridgeport Bluefish">Bridgeport Bluefish</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Bees" title="New Britain Bees">New Britain Bees</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Red_Sox" title="Worcester Red Sox">Worcester Red Sox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Basketball was developed in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, by <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a> in 1891. Naismith was attempting to create a game which could be played indoors so that athletes could keep fit during New England winters. The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a> were founded in 1946 and are the most successful <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> team, winning 18 titles. The Celtics' <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Celtics" title="Maine Celtics">Maine Celtics</a>, is based in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Sun" title="Connecticut Sun">Connecticut Sun</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Uncasville,_Connecticut" title="Uncasville, Connecticut">Uncasville, Connecticut</a>. The <a href="/wiki/UConn_Huskies_women%27s_basketball" title="UConn Huskies women's basketball">UConn Huskies women's basketball</a> team is the most successful women's collegiate team in the nation, winning 11 NCAA Division I titles, and the <a href="/wiki/UConn_Huskies_men%27s_basketball" title="UConn Huskies men's basketball">UConn Huskies men's basketball</a> team has won six titles, tied for third-most in the nation. The <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball Hall of Fame">Basketball Hall of Fame</a> is located in Springfield, Massachusetts. </p><p>Winter sports are extremely popular and have a long history in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nordic_skiing" title="Nordic skiing">Nordic skiing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> is also a popular sport. The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> were founded in 1924 as an <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a> team, and they have a historic rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>. The Bruins play in the <a href="/wiki/TD_Garden" title="TD Garden">TD Garden</a>, a venue that they share with the Boston Celtics. The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Fleet" title="Boston Fleet">Boston Fleet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL)</a> plays at <a href="/wiki/Tsongas_Center" title="Tsongas Center">Tsongas Center</a>. College hockey is also a popular spectator sport, with Boston's annual <a href="/wiki/Beanpot_(ice_hockey)" title="Beanpot (ice hockey)">Beanpot</a> tournament between <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a>. Other hockey teams include the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Mariners_(ECHL)" title="Maine Mariners (ECHL)">Maine Mariners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Providence_Bruins" title="Providence Bruins">Providence Bruins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Thunderbirds" title="Springfield Thunderbirds">Springfield Thunderbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Railers" title="Worcester Railers">Worcester Railers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport_Sound_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgeport Sound Tigers">Bridgeport Sound Tigers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Wolf_Pack" title="Hartford Wolf Pack">Hartford Wolf Pack</a>. The region's largest ice hockey and skating facility is the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Sports_Center" title="New England Sports Center">New England Sports Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough, Massachusetts</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Skating_Club_of_Boston" title="Skating Club of Boston">Skating Club of Boston</a>, one of the oldest ice skating clubs in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volleyball was invented in <a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke, Massachusetts</a>, in 1895 by <a href="/wiki/William_G._Morgan" title="William G. Morgan">William G. Morgan</a>. Morgan was an instructor at a <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> and wanted to create an indoor game for his athletes. The game was based on <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> and was spread as a sport through YMCA facilities. The international <a href="/wiki/Volleyball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Volleyball Hall of Fame">Volleyball Hall of Fame</a> is located in Holyoke. </p><p>Rowing, sailing, and yacht racing are also popular events in New England. The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the Charles">Head of the Charles</a> race is held on the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a> in October every year and attracts over 10,000 athletes and over 200,000 spectators each year. Sailing regattas include the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Bermuda_Race" title="Newport Bermuda Race">Newport Bermuda Race</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marblehead_to_Halifax_Ocean_Race" title="Marblehead to Halifax Ocean Race">Marblehead to Halifax Ocean Race</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Single-Handed_Trans-Atlantic_Race" title="Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race">Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race</a>. The <i>New York Times</i> considers the Newport and Marblehead races to be among the most prestigious in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a> is run on <a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a> every year and was first run in 1897. It is a <a href="/wiki/World_Marathon_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="World Marathon Major">World Marathon Major</a> and is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Athletic_Association" title="Boston Athletic Association">Boston Athletic Association</a>. The race route goes from <a href="/wiki/Hopkinton,_Massachusetts" title="Hopkinton, Massachusetts">Hopkinton, Massachusetts</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, finishing at <a href="/wiki/Copley_Square" title="Copley Square">Copley Square</a> in Boston. The race offers far less prize money than many other marathons, but its difficulty and long history make it one of the world's most prestigious marathons.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is New England's largest sporting event with nearly 500,000 spectators each year.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New England is represented in the top level of American professional soccer by the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a>, an inaugural team of the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> founded in 1994 and playing in <a href="/wiki/Gillette_Stadium" title="Gillette Stadium">Gillette Stadium</a> which it shares with the New England Patriots. The Revolution have won a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_Cup" title="U.S. Open Cup">U.S. Open Cup</a> and a <a href="/wiki/2008_North_American_SuperLiga" title="2008 North American SuperLiga">SuperLiga Championship</a>, and they have appeared in five MLS finals. In the <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a>, the second division on the American soccer pyramid, New England is represented by <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Athletic" title="Hartford Athletic">Hartford Athletic</a> which was founded in 2019 and plays its games at <a href="/wiki/Dillon_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dillon Stadium">Dillon Stadium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_FC" title="Rhode Island FC">Rhode Island FC</a>, which began play in 2024. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Tennis Hall of Fame">International Tennis Hall of Fame</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harvard vs. Yale football game in 2003"><img alt="Harvard vs. Yale football game in 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg/326px-Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg/489px-Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg/652px-Yale-Harvard-Game.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harvard vs. Yale football game in 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fenway Park"><img alt="Fenway Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg/330px-131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg/500px-131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg/960px-131023-F-PR861-033_Hanscom_participates_in_World_Series_pregame_events.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="2529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bill Russell and Red Auerbach of the Boston Celtics"><img alt="Bill Russell and Red Auerbach of the Boston Celtics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg/250px-Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg" decoding="async" width="123" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg/330px-Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg/500px-Bill_Russell_and_Red_Auerbach_1956.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Russell" title="Bill Russell">Bill Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Auerbach" title="Red Auerbach">Red Auerbach</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_England_Patriots_grand_entrance_(6837539245).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The New England Patriots are the most popular professional sports team in New England."><img alt="The New England Patriots are the most popular professional sports team in New England." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/New_England_Patriots_grand_entrance_%286837539245%29.jpg/250px-New_England_Patriots_grand_entrance_%286837539245%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/New_England_Patriots_grand_entrance_%286837539245%29.jpg/500px-New_England_Patriots_grand_entrance_%286837539245%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1526" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> are the most popular professional sports team in New England.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_charles_eb1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Middlebury College rowing team in the 2007 Head of the Charles Regatta"><img alt="The Middlebury College rowing team in the 2007 Head of the Charles Regatta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Head_of_charles_eb1.JPG/500px-Head_of_charles_eb1.JPG" decoding="async" width="228" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Head_of_charles_eb1.JPG/960px-Head_of_charles_eb1.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> rowing team in the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the Charles">Head of the Charles Regatta</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_England" title="Transportation in New England">Transportation in New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hartford_Line_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hartford_Line_Train.jpg/250px-Hartford_Line_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hartford_Line_Train.jpg/330px-Hartford_Line_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hartford_Line_Train.jpg/500px-Hartford_Line_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3991" data-file-height="2355" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a> train at <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Union_Station" title="Hartford Union Station">Hartford Union Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg/250px-MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg/330px-MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg/500px-MBTA_Commuter_Rail_and_funding_district_and_CTrail_lines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/MBTA_Commuter_Rail" title="MBTA Commuter Rail">MBTA Commuter Rail</a> serves eastern Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island, radiating from downtown Boston, with planned service to New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CTrail system operates the <a href="/wiki/Shore_Line_East" title="Shore Line East">Shore Line East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a>, covering coastal Connecticut, Hartford, and Springfield, Massachusetts.</figcaption></figure> <p>Each of the New England states has its own Department of Transportation which plans and develops systems for transport, though some transportation authorities operate across state and municipal lines. The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a> (MBTA) oversees public transportation in the Greater Boston area. It is the largest such agency and operates throughout eastern Massachusetts and into Rhode Island. The MBTA oversees the oldest subway system (the <a href="/wiki/Tremont_Street_subway" title="Tremont Street subway">Tremont Street subway</a>) and the second most-used light rail line (the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">Green Line</a>) in the United States, as well as one of five remaining <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Greater_Boston" title="Trolleybuses in Greater Boston">trolleybus systems</a> nationwide. <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Connecticut" title="Coastal Connecticut">Coastal Connecticut</a> makes use of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> of New York due to the connection of that region to New York's economy. The MTA operates the <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a> in coordination with the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Department_of_Transportation" title="Connecticut Department of Transportation">Connecticut Department of Transportation</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTrail" class="mw-redirect" title="CTrail">CTrail</a> is a division of the Connecticut Department of Transportation which operates the <a href="/wiki/Shore_Line_East" title="Shore Line East">Shore Line East</a> along its southern coast, terminating in <a href="/wiki/Old_Saybrook,_Connecticut" title="Old Saybrook, Connecticut">Old Saybrook</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_London,_Connecticut" title="New London, Connecticut">New London</a>. It also operates the <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a>, leading south to <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a> and north to <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>. Commuter rail service is provided north of Springfield to <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield, Massachusetts</a>, as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Valley_Flyer" title="Valley Flyer">Valley Flyer</a></i> Amtrak route. </p><p>Amtrak provides interstate rail service throughout New England. Boston is the northern terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a></i> connects Vermont to Massachusetts and Connecticut, while the <i><a href="/wiki/Downeaster_(train)" title="Downeaster (train)">Downeaster</a></i> links Maine to Boston. The long-distance <i><a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_Limited" title="Lake Shore Limited">Lake Shore Limited</a></i> train has two eastern termini after splitting in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, one of which is Boston. This provides rail service on the former <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Albany_Railroad" title="Boston and Albany Railroad">Boston and Albany Railroad</a> which runs between its namesake cities. The rest of the <i>Lake Shore Limited</i> continues to New York City. </p><p>Bus transportation is available in most urban areas and is governed by regional and local authorities. The <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley_Transit_Authority" title="Pioneer Valley Transit Authority">Pioneer Valley Transit Authority</a> and the <a href="/wiki/MetroWest_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="MetroWest Regional Transit Authority">MetroWest Regional Transit Authority</a> are examples of public bus transportation which support more suburban and rural communities. </p><p><a href="/wiki/South_Station" title="South Station">South Station</a> in Boston is a major center for bus, rail, and light rail lines. Major interstate highways traversing the region include <a href="/wiki/I-95" class="mw-redirect" title="I-95">I-95</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-93" class="mw-redirect" title="I-93">I-93</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-91" class="mw-redirect" title="I-91">I-91</a>, <a href="/wiki/I-89" class="mw-redirect" title="I-89">I-89</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(Pennsylvania%E2%80%93Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 84 (Pennsylvania–Massachusetts)">I-84</a>, and <a href="/wiki/I-90" class="mw-redirect" title="I-90">I-90</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Turnpike" title="Massachusetts Turnpike">Massachusetts Turnpike</a>). <a href="/wiki/Logan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan Airport">Logan Airport</a> is the busiest transportation hub in the region in terms of number of passengers and total cargo, opened in 1923 and located in <a href="/wiki/East_Boston" title="East Boston">East Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop, Massachusetts</a>. It is a hub for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Air" title="Cape Air">Cape Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, and a focus city for <a href="/wiki/JetBlue" title="JetBlue">JetBlue</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States" title="List of the busiest airports in the United States">16th busiest</a> airport in the United States. Other airports in the region include <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy_Burlington_International_Airport" title="Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport">Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bradley_International_Airport" title="Bradley International Airport">Bradley International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_T._F._Green_International_Airport" title="Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport">Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport" title="Manchester–Boston Regional Airport">Manchester–Boston Regional Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Jetport" title="Portland International Jetport">Portland International Jetport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/60px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/120px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_England" title="Portal:New England">New England portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Historic New England">Historic New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_New_England" title="List of beaches in New England">List of beaches in New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_New_England" title="List of birds of New England">List of birds of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_New_England" title="List of mammals of New England">List of mammals of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_England" title="List of people from New England">List of people from New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich#Manor_of_East_Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Manor of East Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion_(colony)" title="New Albion (colony)">New Albion (colony)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England%E2%80%93Acadian_forests" title="New England–Acadian forests">New England–Acadian forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_(medieval)" title="New England (medieval)">New England (medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Planters" title="New England Planters">New England Planters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Summer_Nationals" title="New England Summer Nationals">New England Summer Nationals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_coastal_forests" title="Northeastern coastal forests">Northeastern coastal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power" title="Offshore wind power">Offshore wind power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_New_England_AVA" title="Southeastern New England AVA">Southeastern New England AVA</a> wine region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Yankee" title="Swamp Yankee">Swamp Yankee</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Albany NY: Joel Munsell. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyvermontf00hallgoog/page/n23">3</a>. <q>history of vermont.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Vermont%3A+From+Its+Discovery+to+Its+Admission+into+the+Union&rft.place=Albany+NY&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Joel+Munsell&rft.date=1868&rft.au=Hall%2C+Hiland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryvermontf00hallgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scw-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scw_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm">"1637 - The Pequot War"</a>. The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1637+-+The+Pequot+War&rft.pub=The+Society+of+Colonial+Wars+in+the+State+of+Connecticut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialwarsct.org%2F1637.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howe-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howe_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHowe1899" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Daniel Wait (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/puritanrepublic00howegoog"><i>The Puritan Republic of the Massachusetts Bay in New England</i></a>. Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/puritanrepublic00howegoog/page/n356">308</a>–311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Puritan+Republic+of+the+Massachusetts+Bay+in+New+England&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=308-311&rft.pub=Bowen-Merrill&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Wait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpuritanrepublic00howegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://colonialwarsct.org/1675.htm">"1675 - King Philip's War"</a>. The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1675+-+King+Philip%27s+War&rft.pub=The+Society+of+Colonial+Wars+in+the+State+of+Connecticut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolonialwarsct.org%2F1675.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2019" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Mark A. (2019). <i>The City-State of Boston: The Rise and Fall of an Atlantic Power, 1630-1865</i>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">129–</span>133. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/64409">book 64409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City-State+of+Boston%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+an+Atlantic+Power%2C+1630-1865&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E133&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewell2015" class="citation book cs1">Newell, Margret Ellen (2015). <i>Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>158. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/57597">book 57597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brethren+by+Nature%3A+New+England+Indians%2C+Colonists%2C+and+the+Origins+of+American+Slavery&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=Margret+Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newell, M. E. (2009). "Indian slavery in colonial America." In A. Gallay (Ed.), <i>Indian slavery in colonial America</i> (pp. 33-66). University of Nebraska Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">French and Indian Wars</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Father_Rale%27s_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Rale's War">Father Rale's War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre%27s_War" title="Father Le Loutre's War">Father Le Loutre's War</a> for more information.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorison1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Morison, Samuel Eliot</a> (1972). <i>The Oxford History of the American People</i>. New York City: Mentor. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-62600-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-62600-1"><bdi>0-451-62600-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+American+People&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Mentor&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-451-62600-1&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_B._Martucci-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-David_B._Martucci_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartucci,_David_B." class="citation web cs1">Martucci, David B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070401075528/http://www.midcoast.com/%7Emartucci/flags/NEFlag.html">"The New England Flag"</a>. D. Martucci. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midcoast.com/~martucci/flags/NEFlag.html">the original</a> on April 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+England+Flag&rft.pub=D.+Martucci&rft.au=Martucci%2C+David+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midcoast.com%2F~martucci%2Fflags%2FNEFlag.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loeser.us/flags/colonies.html">"Flags of the Early North American Colonies and Explorers"</a>. <i>Historical Flags of Our Ancestors</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Flags+of+Our+Ancestors&rft.atitle=Flags+of+the+Early+North+American+Colonies+and+Explorers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loeser.us%2Fflags%2Fcolonies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeepson2007" class="citation book cs1">Leepson, Marc (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WeUCGbaOgKQC"><i>Flag: An American Biography</i></a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429906470" title="Special:BookSources/9781429906470"><bdi>9781429906470</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flag%3A+An+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781429906470&rft.aulast=Leepson&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWeUCGbaOgKQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarious1908" class="citation book cs1">Various (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95Q9AAAAYAAJ"><i>Proceedings of the First New England Conference: Called by the Governors of the New England States, Boston, Nov. 23, 24, 1908</i></a>. Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Company. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+First+New+England+Conference%3A+Called+by+the+Governors+of+the+New+England+States%2C+Boston%2C+Nov.+23%2C+24%2C+1908&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Wright+%26+Potter+Printing+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Various&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95Q9AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPreble1880" class="citation book cs1">Preble, George Henry (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyflagunit00prebgoog"><i>History of the Flag of the United States of America: And of the Naval and Yacht-club Signals, Seals, and Arms, and Principal National Songs of the United States, with a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations</i></a>. Boston: A. Williams. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyflagunit00prebgoog/page/n234">190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Flag+of+the+United+States+of+America%3A+And+of+the+Naval+and+Yacht-club+Signals%2C+Seals%2C+and+Arms%2C+and+Principal+National+Songs+of+the+United+States%2C+with+a+Chronicle+of+the+Symbols%2C+Standards%2C+Banners%2C+and+Flags+of+Ancient+and+Modern+Nations&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=A.+Williams&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Preble&rft.aufirst=George+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryflagunit00prebgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CTHeritage-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CTHeritage_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStark,_Bruce_P." class="citation web cs1">Stark, Bruce P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctheritage.org/encyclopedia/ctto1763/dominionne.htm">"The Dominion of New England"</a>. Connecticut Humanities Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dominion+of+New+England&rft.pub=Connecticut+Humanities+Council&rft.au=Stark%2C+Bruce+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctheritage.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fctto1763%2Fdominionne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palfrey-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palfrey_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalfrey,_John_Gorham1865" class="citation book cs1">Palfrey, John Gorham (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aggbAAAAYAAJ&q=dominion+of+new+england+history&pg=PA545"><i>History of New England, vol. 3</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">561–</span>590<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+New+England%2C+vol.+3&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E561-%3C%2Fspan%3E590&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Palfrey%2C+John+Gorham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaggbAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Ddominion%2Bof%2Bnew%2Bengland%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalfrey,_John_Gorham1873" class="citation book cs1">Palfrey, John Gorham (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zS0YAAAAYAAJ"><i>A Compendious History of New England, vol. 3</i></a>. Boston: H.C. Shepard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Compendious+History+of+New+England%2C+vol.+3&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=H.C.+Shepard&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Palfrey%2C+John+Gorham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzS0YAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wesley Frank Craven, <i>Colonies in Transition, 1660 – 1713</i> (1968). p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vhist-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vhist_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915030948/http://www.vhist.com/vtbrattleboro/maps/2-equivalent-lands-and-fort-dummer/">"The Equivalent Lands and Fort Dummer"</a>. <i>Brattleboro History</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%E2%80%93+The+Skating+Club+of+Boston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscboston.org%2Fabout%2Fclub-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nes.com/">"New England Sports Center"</a>. <i>Nes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nes.com&rft.atitle=New+England+Sports+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nes.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFawcett1989" class="citation news cs1">Fawcett, Dennis (June 18, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/18/nyregion/the-view-from-the-indian-harbor-yacht-club-in-greenwich-in-sail-of.html">"THE VIEW FROM: THE INDIAN HARBOR YACHT CLUB IN GREENWICH; In Sail of a Second Century of Seamanship and Camaraderie"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+VIEW+FROM%3A+THE+INDIAN+HARBOR+YACHT+CLUB+IN+GREENWICH%3B+In+Sail+of+a+Second+Century+of+Seamanship+and+Camaraderie&rft.date=1989-06-18&rft.aulast=Fawcett&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F06%2F18%2Fnyregion%2Fthe-view-from-the-indian-harbor-yacht-club-in-greenwich-in-sail-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In marathoning, it has a foothold – History means Boston can give any race in the world a run for its money", by John Powers, <i>The Boston Globe</i>, April 10, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811182423/http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history/boston-marathon-facts.aspx">"Boston Marathon Facts"</a>. August 11, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://216.235.243.43/races/boston-marathon/boston-marathon-history/boston-marathon-facts.aspx">the original</a> on August 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boston+Marathon+Facts&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F216.235.243.43%2Fraces%2Fboston-marathon%2Fboston-marathon-history%2Fboston-marathon-facts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130122135528/http://www.eagletribune.com/punewshh/local_story_072061531.html?keyword=secondarystory">"Haverhill chamber chief supports train stop in Plaistow"</a>. Eagletribune.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eagletribune.com/punewshh/local_story_072061531.html?keyword=secondarystory">the original</a> on January 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Haverhill+chamber+chief+supports+train+stop+in+Plaistow&rft.pub=Eagletribune.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eagletribune.com%2Fpunewshh%2Flocal_story_072061531.html%3Fkeyword%3Dsecondarystory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729090055/http://www.eagletribune.com/punewsnh/local_story_069070842.html?keyword=secondarystory">"Plaistow officials hopeful MBTA considers rail extension"</a>. Eagletribune.com. March 9, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eagletribune.com/punewsnh/local_story_069070842.html?keyword=secondarystory">the original</a> on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plaistow+officials+hopeful+MBTA+considers+rail+extension&rft.pub=Eagletribune.com&rft.date=2008-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eagletribune.com%2Fpunewsnh%2Flocal_story_069070842.html%3Fkeyword%3Dsecondarystory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarth2014" class="citation journal cs1">Barth, Jonathan Edward (2014). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A Peculiar Stampe of Our Owne': The Massachusetts Mint and the Battle over Sovereignty, 1652-1691". <i>The New England Quarterly</i>. <b>87</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">490–</span>525. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FTNEQ_a_00396">10.1162/TNEQ_a_00396</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2286%2FR.I.26592">2286/R.I.26592</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43285101">43285101</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57571000">57571000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%27A+Peculiar+Stampe+of+Our+Owne%27%3A+The+Massachusetts+Mint+and+the+Battle+over+Sovereignty%2C+1652-1691&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E525&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2286%2FR.I.26592&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57571000%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43285101%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FTNEQ_a_00396&rft.aulast=Barth&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>New York: Atlas of Historical County Boundaries</i>, John H. Long, Editor; Compiled by Kathryn Ford Thorne; A Project of the Dr. William M. Scholl Center for Family and Community History, The <a href="/wiki/Newberry_Library" title="Newberry Library">Newberry Library</a>, Simon & Schuster, 1993.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20130107113900/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf">"Census Regions and Divisions of the United States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Regions+and+Divisions+of+the+United+States&rft.au=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fus_regdiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+England" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1.06 MB)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bartlett, Ray et al. <i>New England Trips</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-74179-728-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-74179-728-4">1-74179-728-4</a></li> <li>Berman, Eleanor. <i>Eyewitness Travel Guides New England</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-2697-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-2697-8">0-7566-2697-8</a></li> <li>Chenoweth, James. <i>Oddity Odyssey: A Journey Through New England's Colorful Past</i>. Holt, 1996. Humorous travel guide. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-3671-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-3671-7">0-8050-3671-7</a></li> <li>Hall, Donald, Burt Feintuch, and David H. Watters, eds. <i>Encyclopedia of New England</i> (Yale U.P. 2005), 1596 pp; the major scholarly resource to the geography, history and culture of the region. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10027-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10027-2">0-300-10027-2</a></li> <li>Koistinen, David. <i>Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England</i> (2013)</li> <li>Muse, Vance. <i>The Smithsonian Guide to Historic America: Northern New England</i>. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1998. A photographic guide to historic sites in New England. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55670-635-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55670-635-9">1-55670-635-9</a></li> <li>Riess, Jana. <i>The Spiritual Traveler Boston and New England: A Guide to Sacred Sites and Peaceful Places</i>, HiddenSpring <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58768-008-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58768-008-4">1-58768-008-4</a></li> <li>Sayen, Jamie. <i>Children of the Northern Forest: Wild New England's History from Glaciers to Global Warming</i> (Yale UP, 2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=60454">online book review</a></li> <li>Sletcher, Michael. <i>New England: The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures</i> (2004)</li> <li>Wiencek, Henry. <i>The Smithsonian Guide to Historic America: Southern New England</i>. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1998. A photographic guide to historic sites in New England. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55670-633-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55670-633-2">1-55670-633-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>New England</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_England" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/New England">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_England" class="extiw" title="c:Category:New England">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_England" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/New England">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/New_England" class="extiw" title="q:New England">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_England" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/New England">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_England" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/New England">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_England" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/New England">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_England" class="extiw" title="voy:New England">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p><b>Political</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coneg.org/">New England Governors Conference</a></li></ul> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicnewengland.org/">Historic New England</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/mima/index.htm">Minuteman National Park Homepage</a> - American Revolution battle site</li></ul> <p><b>Maps</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305023051/http://docs.unh.edu/nhtopos/nhtopos.htm">Historic USGS Maps of New England & NY</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513035524/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0006_0007.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix=Map">Map of New England</a>. From the 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts by Walling and Gray.</li></ul> <p><b>Culture</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/nema.htm">New England Music Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_New_England30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_New_England30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to New England</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Brunswick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">New England</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%">Atlantic Ocean</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="308" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> • <a href="/wiki/Block_Island_Sound" title="Block Island Sound">Block Island Sound</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_England573" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_England" title="Template:New England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_England" title="Template talk:New England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_England573" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autumn_in_New_England" title="Autumn in New England">Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_England" title="Climate of New England">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_England" title="Demographics of New England">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_England" title="Economy of New England">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_England" title="Elections in New England">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_England" title="Geology of New England">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_England" title="History of New England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_New_England" title="Prehistory of New England">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_England" title="Literature of New England">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Native_American_origin_in_New_England" title="List of place names of Native American origin in New England">Place names of Native-American origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_England" title="Politics of New England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_England" title="Sports in New England">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population_in_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by population in New England">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">Norwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_England" title="Transportation in New England">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Passenger rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">MBTA</a> (MA, RI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CapeFlyer" title="CapeFlyer">CapeFLYER</a></i> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> (CT, MA, RI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acela" title="Acela">Acela</a></i> (CT, MA, RI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Downeaster_(train)" title="Downeaster (train)">Downeaster</a></i> (ME, NH, MA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a></i> (CT, MA, NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_Line_East" title="Shore Line East">Shore Line East</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Line" title="New Haven Line">New Haven Line</a> (CT)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valley_Flyer" title="Valley Flyer">Valley Flyer</a></i> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Hartford_Line" title="Amtrak Hartford Line">Amtrak <i>Hartford Line</i></a> (CT, MA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Major <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 84 (east)">I-84</a> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">I-89</a> (NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 90 in Massachusetts">I-90 (Mass Pike)</a> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_91" title="Interstate 91">I-91</a> (CT, MA, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">I-93</a> (MA, NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> (CT, RI, MA, NH, ME)</li> <li><i>defunct:</i> <a href="/wiki/New_England_road_marking_system" title="New England road marking system">New England road marking system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_International_Airport" title="Bradley International Airport">Bradley</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy_Burlington_International_Airport" title="Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport">Burlington</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._F._Green_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="T. F. Green Airport">T. F. Green</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport" title="Manchester–Boston Regional Airport">Manchester–Boston</a> (NH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan</a> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_New_Haven_Airport" title="Tweed New Haven Airport">New Haven</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Jetport" title="Portland International Jetport">Portland</a> (ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Regional_Airport" title="Worcester Regional Airport">Worcester</a> (MA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/40px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/60px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_England" title="Portal:New England">New England portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_England" title="Category:New England">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New England">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_the_United_States589" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_the_United_States589" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal domestic dependent nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty#Maritime_territory_of_the_United_States" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Maritime territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Time_Zone" title="Chamorro Time Zone">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Time_Zone" title="Samoa Time Zone">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Time_Zone" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone">Hawaii–Aleutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Time_Zone" title="Alaska Time Zone">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific states">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">E N Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">W N Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Middle Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_states" title="South Atlantic states">S Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_South_Central_states" title="East South Central states">E S Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">W S Central</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of<br />appeals</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physiographic_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Physiographic regions of the United States">Physiographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Ranges" title="Pacific Coast Ranges">Pacific Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_Plateaus" title="Intermontane Plateaus">Intermontane Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Upland" title="Laurentian Upland">Laurentian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Plains" title="Interior Plains">Interior Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">Interior Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Highlands" title="Appalachian Highlands">Appalachian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Plain" title="Atlantic Plain">Atlantic Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_coastline" title="List of U.S. states and territories by coastline">Coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Historical regions of the United States">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Acquisitions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">Newlands Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" title="Treaty of Cession of Tutuila">Cession of Tutuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Cession of Manu'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Enabling_Act" title="Oklahoma Enabling Act">Annexation of the Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Treaty of the Danish West Indies">Treaty of the Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands#United_Nations_trusteeship" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_South" title="Old South">Old South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie" title="Dixie">Dixie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">Slave states and free states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Northeast" title="Atlantic Northeast">Atlantic Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">The Californias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Pothole_Region" title="Prairie Pothole Region">Prairie Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermountain_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermountain states">Intermountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_border_states_of_the_United_States" title="International border states of the United States">International border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_(bioregion)" title="Cascadia (bioregion)">Cascadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-South_(region)" title="Mid-South (region)">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South" title="New South">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Regions of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Regions_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Regions of the United States">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States565" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States565" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932016)" title="History of the United States (1991–2016)">1991–2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2016-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (2016-present)">2016–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_the_United_States" title="History of sports in the United States">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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