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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Periods</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of North America">North American prehistory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif/250px-Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif/375px-Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif/500px-Serpent_Mound_-_The_Century.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"> </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; padding-bottom:0;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic stage</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> before 8500 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 8000–1000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative stage</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1000 BC – AD 500</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1000 BC – AD 1000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic stage</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">AD 500–1200</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic stage</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> after 1200</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>See also</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(Mesoamerica)" title="List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)">List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periods_in_North_American_history" title="Template:Periods in North American history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periods_in_North_American_history" title="Template talk:Periods in North American history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periods_in_North_American_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periods in North American history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>North American archaeological periods </b> divides the history of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> North America into a number of named successive eras or periods, from the earliest-known human habitation through to the early Colonial period which followed the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stage_classification">Stage classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stage classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods and cultures was established in <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willey" title="Gordon Willey">Gordon Willey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Philip Phillips (archaeologist)">Philip Phillips</a>' 1958 book, <i>Method and Theory in American Archaeology</i>. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of these divisions has diminished in most of North America due to the development of local classifications with more elaborate breakdowns of times.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>1. The <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians stage</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic stage</a></dd> <dd>2. The <a href="/wiki/Archaic_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic stage">Archaic stage</a></dd> <dd>3. <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative stage</a> or Post-archaic stage – at this point, the North American classifications system differs from the rest of the Americas.</dd></dl> <p>For more details on the five major stages, still used in Mesoamerican archaeology, see <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Mesoamerican chronology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Americas" title="Archaeology of the Americas">Archaeology of the Americas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_archaeological_periods_North_America">Table of archaeological periods North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Table of archaeological periods North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="5" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Paleo_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo Indians">Paleo Indians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic stage</a>)</b> <br /> (18,000 – 8000 BCE) </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a> </td> <td>c. 11,500 – 10,800 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-Clovis_First_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clovis_First-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Fluted_Point_tradition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Fluted Point tradition (page does not exist)">Western Fluted Point tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 11,200 – 9000 BCE, California </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Post_Pattern" title="Post Pattern">Post Pattern</a> </td> <td>c. 11,000 – 7000 BCE, NW California </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 10800 – 10200 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dalton_tradition" title="Dalton tradition">Dalton tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 8500 – 7900 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="31"><b><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in the Americas">Archaic period</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic stage">Archaic stage</a>)</b> <br /> (8000 – 1000 BCE) </td> <td rowspan="9">by Time Period </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Archaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Archaic (page does not exist)">Early Archaic</a><br />8000 – 6000 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano cultures</a> </td> <td>9,000 – 5,000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic tradition</a> </td> <td>8000 – 5000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Paint_People" title="Red Paint People">Red Paint People</a> </td> <td>3000 – 1000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Archaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Archaic">Middle Archaic</a><br />6000 – 3000 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_tradition" title="Chihuahua tradition">Chihuahua tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 6000 BCE – c. 250 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Watson_Brake" title="Watson Brake">Watson Brake</a> and Lower Mississippi Valley sites </td> <td>c. 3500 – 2800 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Archaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Archaic (page does not exist)">Late Archaic</a><br />3000 – 1000 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Small_Tool_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Small Tool tradition">Arctic Small Tool tradition</a> </td> <td>2500 – 800 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_tradition" title="Aleutian tradition">Aleutian tradition</a> </td> <td>2500 – 1800 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point culture</a> </td> <td>2200 – 700 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="22">by Location </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Desert_Archaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Archaic">Desert Archaic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Archaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Archaic">Middle Archaic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Archaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Archaic (page does not exist)">Late Archaic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Copper_complex" title="Old Copper complex">Old Copper complex</a> </td> <td>c. 4000 – c. 1000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Ochre_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Ochre people">Red Ochre people</a> </td> <td>c. 1000 – 100 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame culture</a> </td> <td>c. 8000 – 1000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plains_Archaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plains Archaic (page does not exist)">Plains Archaic</a> </td> <td>c. 9500 – 5500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mexican_Archaic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mexican Archaic (page does not exist)">Mexican Archaic</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">Southwest</a>: <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Archaic_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Archaic Traditions">Southwestern Archaic Traditions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archaic_%E2%80%93_Early_Basketmaker_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic – Early Basketmaker Era">Archaic – Early Basketmaker Era</a> </td> <td>c. 7000 – c. 1500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito%E2%80%93Pinto_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="San Dieguito–Pinto tradition">San Dieguito–Pinto tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 6500 BCE – c. 200 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_tradition" title="Chihuahua tradition">Chihuahua (Southeastern) tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 6000 BCE – c. 250 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oshara_tradition" title="Oshara tradition">Oshara (Northern) tradition</a> </td> <td>c. 5500 BCE – c. 600 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochise_tradition" title="Cochise tradition">Cochise tradition</a> </td> <td>5000 – 200 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Millingstone_Horizon" title="Millingstone Horizon">Millingstone Horizon</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Encinitas_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Encinitas tradition">Encinitas tradition</a>) </td> <td>c. 5500 – 1500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediate_Horizon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermediate Horizon (page does not exist)">Intermediate Horizon</a> (or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_tradition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campbell tradition (page does not exist)">Campbell tradition</a>) </td> <td>c. 1500 BCE – 1000 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Taylor_period" title="Mount Taylor period">Mount Taylor period</a> </td> <td>5000 – 2000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island (St. Simons) culture</a> </td> <td>2500 – 1000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoms_Creek_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thoms Creek culture (page does not exist)">Thoms Creek culture</a> </td> <td>2500 – 1000 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point culture</a> </td> <td>2200 – 700 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elliott%27s_Point_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elliott's Point complex (page does not exist)">Elliott's Point complex</a> </td> <td>2000 – 700 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwood_culture" title="Norwood culture">Norwood culture</a> </td> <td>2000 – 500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange culture">Orange culture</a> </td> <td>2000 – 500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="61"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-archaic_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-archaic period (page does not exist)">Post-archaic period</a>, (incorporating <a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">post-Classic</a> stages)</b> <br /> (1000 BCE – present) </td> <td rowspan="5">in North </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Norton_tradition" title="Norton tradition">Norton tradition</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choris_Stage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choris Stage (page does not exist)">Choris Stage</a> </td> <td>c. 1000 – 500 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norton_tradition" title="Norton tradition">Norton</a> </td> <td>500 BCE – 800 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipiutak_Stage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipiutak Stage (page does not exist)">Ipiutak Stage</a> </td> <td>1 CE – 800 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset culture</a> </td> <td>500 BCE – 1500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule people</a> </td> <td>200 BCE – 1600 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">on Great Plains </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plains_Woodland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plains Woodland (page does not exist)">Plains Woodland</a> </td> <td>c. 500 BCE – 1000 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plains_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains Village">Plains Village</a> </td> <td>c. 1000 – 1780 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">in Southwest<br />and by <a href="/wiki/Pecos_Classification" title="Pecos Classification">Pecos Classification</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Early_Basketmaker_II_Era" title="Early Basketmaker II Era">Early Basketmaker II Era</a> </td> <td>1500 BCE – 50 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Late_Basketmaker_II_Era" title="Late Basketmaker II Era">Late Basketmaker II Era</a> </td> <td>50 CE – 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era" title="Basketmaker III Era">Basketmaker III Era</a> </td> <td>500 CE – 750 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_I_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo I Era">Pueblo I Era</a> </td> <td>750 CE – 900 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo II Era">Pueblo II Era</a> </td> <td>900 CE – 1150 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo III Era">Pueblo III Era</a> </td> <td>1150 CE – 1350 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo IV Era">Pueblo IV Era</a> </td> <td>1350 CE – 1600 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_V_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo V Era">Pueblo V Era</a> </td> <td>1600 CE – present </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">in Southwest<br />and by peoples </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a> (formerly Anasazi) </td> <td>1 CE – 1300 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a> </td> <td>200 CE – 1450 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a> </td> <td>400 CE – 1350 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a> </td> <td>700 CE – 1550 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a> </td> <td>700 CE – 1400 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="25">in East<br />and by peoples </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Early_Woodland_period_(1000–1_BCE)" title="Woodland period">Early Woodland Period</a><br />1000 BCE – 1 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena culture</a> </td> <td>1000 – 100 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford culture</a> – Atlantic region </td> <td>800 BCE – 700 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deptford culture – Gulf region </td> <td>500 BCE – 200 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13"><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Middle_Woodland_Period_(1_to_500_CE)" title="Woodland period">Middle Woodland Period</a><br />1 – 500 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_Peninsula_complex" title="Point Peninsula complex">Point Peninsula complex</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>600 BCE – 700 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurel_complex" title="Laurel complex">Laurel complex</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>300 BCE – 1100 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopewell culture">Hopewell culture</a> </td> <td>200 BCE – 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Havana_Hopewell_culture" title="Havana Hopewell culture">Havana Hopewell culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>200 BCE to 400 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goodall_focus" title="Goodall focus">Goodall focus</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>200 BCE to 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saugeen_complex" title="Saugeen complex">Saugeen complex</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>200 BCE to 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Hopewell" title="Kansas City Hopewell">Kansas City Hopewell</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>100 BCE – 700 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_culture" title="Armstrong culture">Armstrong culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>1 – 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swift_Creek_culture" title="Swift Creek culture">Swift Creek culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>100 – 800 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>100 – 300 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>100 BCE – 400 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourche_Maline_culture" title="Fourche Maline culture">Fourche Maline culture</a> </td> <td>300 BCE to 800 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Copena_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Copena culture">Copena culture</a> (a Hopewellian culture) </td> <td>1 – 500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Late_Woodland_Period_(500_to_1000_CE)" title="Woodland period">Late Woodland Period</a><br />500–1000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown culture</a> </td> <td>300–700 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_culture" title="Plum Bayou culture">Plum Bayou culture</a> </td> <td>400–900 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville culture</a> </td> <td>300–700 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek culture</a> </td> <td>700 – 1100 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a><br />900–1500<br />(ending with European contact) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Early_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Mississippian culture">Early Mississippian culture</a> </td> <td>1000 – 1200 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mississippian culture">Middle Mississippian culture</a> </td> <td>1200 – 1400 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Mississippian_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Mississippian culture (page does not exist)">Late Mississippian culture</a> </td> <td>1400 – 1500 CE<br />(or European contact) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a> (a non-Mississippian culture) </td> <td>1000 – 1550 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>900 – 1650 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="20">in Florida and adjacent parts of Alabama and Georgia, by culture </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade culture</a> </td> <td>1050 BCE – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades culture</a> </td> <td>550 BCE – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manasota_culture" title="Manasota culture">Manasota culture</a> </td> <td>550 BCE – 800 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns culture</a> </td> <td>550 BCE – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee culture</a> </td> <td>500 BCE – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island culture</a><br />100–1000 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island I</a>, including </td> <td>100–750 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">– <a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond culture</a> </td> <td>100–600 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">– <a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds_Historic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park">Kolomaki culture</a> </td> <td>350–750 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">– <a href="/wiki/McKeithen_Weeden_Island_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="McKeithen Weeden Island culture">McKeithen Weeden Island culture</a> </td> <td>200–750 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island II</a>, including </td> <td>750–1000 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1">– <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakulla_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakulla culture (page does not exist)">Wakulla culture</a> </td> <td>750–1000 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua culture</a> </td> <td>600 – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley culture</a> </td> <td>750 – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor culture</a> </td> <td>800 – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Walton Culture">Fort Walton culture</a> a Mississippian culture </td> <td>1000 – European contact </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_culture" title="Pensacola culture">Pensacola culture</a> </td> <td>1250 – European contact </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture,_phase,_and_chronological_table_for_the_Mississippi_Valley"><span id="Culture.2C_phase.2C_and_chronological_table_for_the_Mississippi_Valley"></span>Culture, phase, and chronological table for the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi Valley</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture, phase, and chronological table for the Mississippi Valley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lower Mississippi periods</th> <th>Lower Yazoo phases</th> <th>Lower Yazoo<br />dates</th> <th>Tensas/Natchez phases</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a> Phases</th> <th>Cahokia dates</th> <th>Ohio/Miss. River<br /> Confluence phases</th> <th>Ohio/Miss. dates </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">Historic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Phase">Russell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tunica_people" title="Tunica people">Tunica</a>) </td> <td>1650–1750 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tensas_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensas Phase">Tensas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Natchez Phase">Natchez</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">Vacant<br />Quarter </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">1350 CE -<br /><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European Contact</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackson Phase (page does not exist)">Jackson</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">1500-1650 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaquemine Mississippian culture">Plaquemine Mississippian culture</a><br /><i>Late Plaquemine/Mississippian</i><br /><i>Middle Plaquemine/Mississippian</i><br /><i>Early Plaquemine/Mississippian</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasp_Lake_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasp Lake Phase (page does not exist)">Wasp Lake</a> </td> <td>1400-1650 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transylvania_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvania Phase">Transylvania</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emerald_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerald Phase">Emerald</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_George_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake George Phase">Lake George</a> </td> <td>1300-1400 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzhugh Phase">Fitzhugh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foster_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Foster Phase">Foster</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sand_Prairie_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sand Prairie Phase (page does not exist)">Sand Prairie</a> </td> <td>1275-1350 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medley_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medley Phase (page does not exist)">Medley Phase</a> </td> <td>1300-1500 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a> </td> <td>1200-1300 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Routh_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Routh Phase">Routh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anna_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Phase">Anna</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moorehead_Phase_(Cahokia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moorehead Phase (Cahokia) (page does not exist)">Moorehead</a> </td> <td>1200-1275 CE </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorena_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorena Phase (page does not exist)">Dorena</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">1100-1300 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">Transitional Coles Creek </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crippen_Point_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Crippen Point Phase">Crippen Point</a> </td> <td>1050-1200 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preston_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preston Phase (page does not exist)">Preston</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Phase (page does not exist)">Gordon</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohmann_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohmann Phase (page does not exist)">Lohmann</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling Phase (page does not exist)">Sterling</a> </td> <td>1050-1200 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek culture</a><br /><i>Late Coles Creek</i><br /><i>Middle Coles Creek</i><br /><i>Early Coles Creek</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kings_Crossing_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings Crossing Phase">Kings Crossing</a> </td> <td>950-1050 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Balmoral Phase">Balmoral</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">Terminal Late<br />Woodland </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">900–1050 CE </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Bayou_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Bayou Phase (page does not exist)">James Bayou</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">900-1100 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aden_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden Phase">Aden</a> </td> <td>800-950 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballina_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballina Phase (page does not exist)">Ballina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayland_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayland Phase (page does not exist)">Bayland</a> </td> <td>600-800 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sundown_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundown Phase">Sundown</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">Late<br />Woodland </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">400–900 CE </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cane_Hills_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cane Hills Phase (page does not exist)">Cane Hills</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkley_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkley Phase (page does not exist)">Berkley</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">600–900 CE<br />400–600 CE </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a> <br /> <i>Baytown 2</i> <br /> <i>Baytown 1</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deasonville_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deasonville Phase (page does not exist)">Deasonville</a> </td> <td>500-600 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marsden_Phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsden Phase">Marsden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Sunflower_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Sunflower Phase (page does not exist)">Little Sunflower</a> </td> <td>400-500 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Bayou_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Bayou Phase (page does not exist)">Indian Bayou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville culture</a> <br /> <i>Late Marksville</i> <br /> <i>Early Marksville</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Issaquena_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Issaquena Phase (page does not exist)">Issaquena</a> </td> <td>200-400 CE </td> <td>Issaquena </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">Middle<br />Woodland </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">200 BCE - 400 CE </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">La Plant<br />Burkett </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1">100 BCE-400 CE<br />550-100 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anderson<br /> Landing </td> <td>1-200 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_Lake_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point Lake Phase (page does not exist)">Point Lake</a>/<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Gulf_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Gulf Phase (page does not exist)">Grand Gulf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte culture</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscola_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscola Phase (page does not exist)">Tuscola</a> </td> <td>400 BCE-1 CE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panther_Lake_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panther Lake Phase (page does not exist)">Panther Lake</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaketown_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaketown Phase (page does not exist)">Jaketown</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a> </td> <td>700- 400 BCE </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frasier_Phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frasier Phase (page does not exist)">Frasier</a> </td> <td>Early Woodland </td> <td>700-200 BCE </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">O'Bryan Ridge </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1">700-550 BCE </td></tr> <tr> <td>- </td> <td>1000-700 BCE </td> <td>- </td> <td>Late Archaic </td> <td>1000 - 200 BCE </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeogenetics" title="Archaeogenetics">Archaeogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">Archaeological culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Americas" title="Archaeology of the Americas">Archaeology of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods" title="List of archaeological periods">List of archaeological periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <ol><li>Lower Mississippi, Lower Yazoo, and Tensas/Natchez table taken from "Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture:Preliminary Investigations of the Toltec Mounds Research Project", by Martha Ann Rolingson, 1982, Pg-66.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cahokia phases and dates taken from "Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians", by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pauketat" title="Timothy Pauketat">Pauketat, Timothy R.</a>, 2004, Pp-6.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ohio and Mississippi River Confluence Phases and dates taken from "Kentucky Archaeology", edited by R. Barry Lewis, 1996, Pg - 16.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGordon_R._Willey_and_Philip_Phillips1957" class="citation book cs1">Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/methodtheoryinam1958will"><i>Method and Theory in American Archaeology</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-89888-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-89888-9"><bdi>978-0-226-89888-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Method+and+Theory+in+American+Archaeology&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0-226-89888-9&rft.au=Gordon+R.+Willey+and+Philip+Phillips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmethodtheoryinam1958will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbonAmes1998" class="citation book cs1">Gibbon, Guy E; Ames, Kenneth M (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofpre0000unse/page/638"><i>Archaeology of prehistoric native America: an encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofpre0000unse/page/638">638–639</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-0725-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-0725-X"><bdi>0-8153-0725-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+of+prehistoric+native+America%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.pages=638-639&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8153-0725-X&rft.aulast=Gibbon&rft.aufirst=Guy+E&rft.au=Ames%2C+Kenneth+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchaeologyofpre0000unse%2Fpage%2F638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clovis_First-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clovis_First_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/plateaus/prehistory/images/clovis.html">"Clovis First"</a>. <i>Texas Beyond History</i>. University of Texas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Beyond+History&rft.atitle=Clovis+First&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasbeyondhistory.net%2Fplateaus%2Fprehistory%2Fimages%2Fclovis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartz-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Joel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washington.edu/news/2003/02/27/theyre-innocent-scientists-exonerate-clovis-people-in-11000-year-old-mystery/">"They're Innocent: Scientists Exonerate Clovis People in 11,000-year-old-mystery"</a>. <i>UW News</i>. University of Washington<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UW+News&rft.atitle=They%27re+Innocent%3A+Scientists+Exonerate+Clovis+People+in+11%2C000-year-old-mystery&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washington.edu%2Fnews%2F2003%2F02%2F27%2Ftheyre-innocent-scientists-exonerate-clovis-people-in-11000-year-old-mystery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willey and Phillips, <i>Op. cit.</i>, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolingson1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Ann_Rolingson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Ann Rolingson (page does not exist)">Rolingson, Martha Ann</a> (1982). <i>Emerging Patterns of Plum Bayou Culture:Preliminary Investigations of the Toltec Mounds Research Project</i>. Arkansas Archaeological Survey. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56349-042-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56349-042-0"><bdi>1-56349-042-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+Patterns+of+Plum+Bayou+Culture%3APreliminary+Investigations+of+the+Toltec+Mounds+Research+Project&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Arkansas+Archaeological+Survey&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=1-56349-042-0&rft.aulast=Rolingson&rft.aufirst=Martha+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauketat2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pauketat" title="Timothy Pauketat">Pauketat, Timothy R.</a> (2004). <i>Ancient Cahokia and the Mississippians</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52066-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52066-5"><bdi>0-521-52066-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cahokia+and+the+Mississippians&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-52066-5&rft.aulast=Pauketat&rft.aufirst=Timothy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1996" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, R. Barry (1996). <i>Kentucky Archaeology</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-1907-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-1907-3"><bdi>0-8131-1907-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Archaeology&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8131-1907-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=R.+Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilanich,_Jerald_T.1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerald_T._Milanich" title="Jerald T. Milanich">Milanich, Jerald T.</a> (1995). <i>Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe</i>. Gainesville, Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1360-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1360-2"><bdi>978-0-8130-1360-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Florida+Indians+and+the+Invasion+from+Europe&rft.pub=Gainesville%2C+Florida&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-1360-2&rft.au=Milanich%2C+Jerald+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilanich1990" class="citation web cs1">Milanich, Jerald T. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/facts/reports/contexts/">"State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. <i>Florida Historical Contexts</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Florida Historical Contexts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Historical+Contexts&rft.atitle=State+of+Florida+Office+of+Cultural+and+Historical+Programs.+Florida+Historical+Contexts&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Milanich&rft.aufirst=Jerald+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdhr.dos.state.fl.us%2Ffacts%2Freports%2Fcontexts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilanich,_Jerald_T._&_Claudine_Payne_(ed.)1993" class="citation web cs1">Milanich, Jerald T. & Claudine Payne (ed.) (September 27, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhr.dos.state.fl.us/facts/reports/contexts/comp_plan.doc">"State of Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs. <i>Historic Contexts</i> (in full)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span>. <i>Florida Historical Contexts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+Historical+Contexts&rft.atitle=State+of+Florida+Office+of+Cultural+and+Historical+Programs.+Historic+Contexts+%28in+full%29&rft.date=1993-09-27&rft.au=Milanich%2C+Jerald+T.+%26+Claudine+Payne+%28ed.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdhr.dos.state.fl.us%2Ffacts%2Freports%2Fcontexts%2Fcomp_plan.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li>Milanich, Jerald T. (1998) <i>Florida's Indians from Ancient Times to the Present.</i> University Press of Florida. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1599-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1599-5">0-8130-1599-5</a></li> <li>Milanich, Jerald T. (1994) <i>Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida.</i> University Press of Florida. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1273-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1273-2">0-8130-1273-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229140106/http://www.cr.nps.gov/seac/woodland.htm">"National Park Service Southeast Archaeological Center - The Woodland Period (ca. 2000 B.C.- A.D. 1000)"</a>. <i>Outline of Prehistory and History</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cr.nps.gov/seac/woodland.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outline+of+Prehistory+and+History&rft.atitle=National+Park+Service+Southeast+Archaeological+Center+-+The+Woodland+Period+%28ca.+2000+B.C.-+A.D.+1000%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cr.nps.gov%2Fseac%2Fwoodland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+archaeological+periods+%28North+America%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Philip Phillips (archaeologist)">Philip Phillips</a> (1970). <i>Archaeological Survey In The Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949-1955</i>(Part One). Published by the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnology" title="Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology">Peabody Museum</a>, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 77-80028.</li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr's Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&oldid=1251453684">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)&oldid=1251453684</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_periods_of_North_America" title="Category:Archaeological periods of North America">Archaeological periods of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology-related_lists" title="Category:Archaeology-related lists">Archaeology-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" title="Category:History of Indigenous peoples of North America">History of Indigenous peoples of North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_history" title="Category:Native American history">Native American history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-Columbian_cultures" title="Category:Pre-Columbian cultures">Pre-Columbian cultures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistory-related_lists" title="Category:Prehistory-related lists">Prehistory-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_peoples" title="Category:Ancient 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