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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਨਾਂਅ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨਾਂਅ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਨਾਂਅ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨਾਂਅ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਪੂਰਵ_ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪੂਰਵ_ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ਪੂਰਵ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪੂਰਵ_ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਕਿਏਵਨ_ਰਸ'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਕਿਏਵਨ_ਰਸ'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>ਕਿਏਵਨ ਰਸ'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਕਿਏਵਨ_ਰਸ'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਾਸਕੋ_ਦੇ_ਵੱਡੇ_ਡੱਚੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਾਸਕੋ_ਦੇ_ਵੱਡੇ_ਡੱਚੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ਮਾਸਕੋ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਡੱਚੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮਾਸਕੋ_ਦੇ_ਵੱਡੇ_ਡੱਚੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰੂਸ_ਦੀ_ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰੂਸ_ਦੀ_ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰੂਸ_ਦੀ_ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰੂਸੀ_ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰੂਸੀ_ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>ਰੂਸੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰੂਸੀ_ਸਾਮਰਾਜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਰੂਸੀ_ਗਣਰਾਜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਰੂਸੀ_ਗਣਰਾਜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਸੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਰੂਸੀ_ਗਣਰਾਜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਰੂਸ_ਤੇ_ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਜੰਗ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਰੂਸ_ਤੇ_ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਜੰਗ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰੂਸ ਤੇ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਜੰਗ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਰੂਸ_ਤੇ_ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਜੰਗ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਯੂਨੀਅਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਯੂਨੀਅਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਯੂਨੀਅਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰੂਸੀ_ਸੰਘ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰੂਸੀ_ਸੰਘ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>ਰੂਸੀ ਸੰਘ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰੂਸੀ_ਸੰਘ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ_ਸਥਿਤੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ_ਸਥਿਤੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ_ਸਥਿਤੀ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ_ਸਥਿਤੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਧਰਾਤਲ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਧਰਾਤਲ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ਧਰਾਤਲ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਧਰਾਤਲ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜਲਵਾਯੂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ਜਲਵਾਯੂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜਲਵਾਯੂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਧਰਮ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਧਰਮ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>ਧਰਮ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਧਰਮ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਿੱਖਿਆ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਿੱਖਿਆ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਿਹਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਿਹਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>ਸਿਹਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਿਹਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਸਰਕਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਰਕਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ਸਰਕਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਰਕਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ_ਵੰਡ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ_ਵੰਡ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ ਵੰਡ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ_ਵੰਡ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਨਅਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਨਅਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>ਸਨਅਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਨਅਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>ਵਿੱਤੀ ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਊਰਜਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਊਰਜਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>ਊਰਜਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਊਰਜਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਪਾਣੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪਾਣੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>ਪਾਣੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪਾਣੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨੀਕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਵਪਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ਫੌਜੀ ਤਾਕਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਸਾਹਿਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਾਹਿਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>ਸਾਹਿਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਾਹਿਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>ਭਵਨ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਲਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>ਲੋਕ ਕਲਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭੋਜਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭੋਜਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>ਭੋਜਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭੋਜਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਤਿਉਹਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਤਿਉਹਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>ਤਿਉਹਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਤਿਉਹਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖੇਡਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖੇਡਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>ਖੇਡਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖੇਡਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>ਮੀਡੀਆ ਤੇ ਸਿਨੇਮਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ ਤੇ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮਸਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਮਸਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਾਰਨੀ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਰੂਸ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 322 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-322" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">322 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Урыстәыла – ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਅਚੀਨੀ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ਅਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урысые – ਅਡਿਗੇ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="ਅਡਿਗੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਲਤਾਈ" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਲਤਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩሲያ – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%E1%B9%A3ia" title="Rọṣia – ਓਬੋਲੋ" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="ਓਬੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাছিয়া – ਅਸਾਮੀ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਅਤਿਕਾਮੇਕਵ" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="ਅਤਿਕਾਮੇਕਵ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਅਵਧੀ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – ਅਯਮਾਰਾ" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ਅਯਮਾਰਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Rosėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਬਤਕ ਤੋਬਾ" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="ਬਤਕ ਤੋਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – ਬਿਸਲਾਮਾ" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ਬਿਸਲਾਮਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਬੰਜਰ" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਜਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila – ਬੰਬਾਰਾ" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਬਾਰਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། – ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ – ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Оросой холбоото улас – ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ – ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Росси – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਚਮੋਰੋ" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="ਚਮੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ – ਚੇਰੋਕੀ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਰੋਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਛਾਇਆਨ" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ਛਾਇਆਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕووسیا – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye – ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%B4" title="Ruskô – ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A1%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Рѡсїꙗ – ਚਰਚ ਸਲਾਵੀ" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ਚਰਚ ਸਲਾਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਡਗਬਾਨੀ" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="ਡਗਬਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska – ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް – ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན – ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਈਵਈ" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ਈਵਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya – ਫੁਲਾਹ" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ਫੁਲਾਹ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis – ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رۊسيه – ਗਿਲਾਕੀ" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="ਗਿਲਾਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%BAsia" title="Rrúsia – ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਗੋਥਿਕ" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="ਗੋਥਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਗੋਰੋਂਤਾਲੋ" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="ਗੋਰੋਂਤਾਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="રશિયા – ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਗੰਨ" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="ਗੰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh – ਮੈਂਕਸ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਂਕਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha – ਹੌਸਾ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ਹੌਸਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABsia" title="Rūsia – ਹਵਾਈ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ਹਵਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוסיה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska – ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Oroszország – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստան – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռուսիա – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਇਬਾਨ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ਇਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia – ਇਗਬੋ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ਇਗਬੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) – ਇਨੂਪੂਆਕ" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="ਇਨੂਪੂਆਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эрсече – ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ – ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ロシア – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha – ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%27e" title="rukygu'e – ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਕਬਾਇਲ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਇਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Урысей – ਕਬਾਰਦੀ" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii – ਕਾਬੀਏ" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਬੀਏ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya – ਟਾਇਪ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਇਪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਕੌਂਗੋ" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="ਕੌਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia – ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី – ਖਮੇਰ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ਖਮੇਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – ਕੋਮੀ-ਪੇਰਮਿਆਕ" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ-ਪੇਰਮਿਆਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия Федерация – ਕਰਾਚੇ ਬਲਕਾਰ" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਚੇ ਬਲਕਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3" title="روٗس – ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਕਲੋਨੀਅਨ" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="ਕਲੋਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – ਕੋਮੀ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi – ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орусия – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аьрасат – ਲਾਕ" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Урусат – ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha – ਗਾਂਡਾ" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3slandj" title="Róslandj – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9scia" title="Rùscia – ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia – ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCssia" title="Rüssia – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AD" title="Rusí – ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ – ਲਾਓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABveja" title="Krīveja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਮੈਥਲੀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਥਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия мастор – ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABhia" title="Rūhia – ਮਾਉਰੀ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਉਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Орос – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ – ਮਨੀਪੁਰੀ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ਮਨੀਪੁਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ရုရှာ – ਮੋਨ" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="ਮੋਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रशिया – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮਾਰੀ" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਮਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja – ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия Мастор – ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand – ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਨਿਆਸ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ਨਿਆਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ – ਐਂਕੋ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="ਐਂਕੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਨੌਰਮਨ" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="ਨੌਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – ਨਵਾਜੋ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ਨਵਾਜੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਨਯਾਂਜਾ" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ਨਯਾਂਜਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27a" title="Ven'a – ਲਿਵੀ-ਕਾਰੇਲੀਅਨ" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਵੀ-ਕਾਰੇਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa – ਓਰੋਮੋ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ਓਰੋਮੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଋଷିଆ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Уæрæсе – ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਪੰਗਾਸੀਨਾਨ" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਗਾਸੀਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਪਾਪਿਆਮੈਂਟੋ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ਪਾਪਿਆਮੈਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – ਨਾਇਜੀਰੀਆਈ ਪਿਡਗਿਨ" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਇਜੀਰੀਆਈ ਪਿਡਗਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਪੈੱਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="ਪੈੱਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – ਪਫਾਈਲਜ਼ਿਸਚ" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="ਪਫਾਈਲਜ਼ਿਸਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – ਪਾਲੀ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="ਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha – ਪਿਟਕਰਨ-ਨੋਰਫਕ" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਟਕਰਨ-ਨੋਰਫਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρουσία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਰੋਮਾਂਸ਼" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਂਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – ਰੁੰਡੀ" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="ਰੁੰਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia – ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – ਟੈਰੇਨਟੀਨੋ" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="ਟੈਰੇਨਟੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – ਕਿਨਿਆਰਵਾਂਡਾ" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਨਿਆਰਵਾਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रास्या – ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ – ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9ssia" title="Rùssia – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Ruošša – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AFi" title="Rusïi – ਸਾਂਗੋ" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး – ਸ਼ਾਨ" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුසියාව – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਸਾਮੋਨ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਮੋਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Ruoššâ – ਇਨਾਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ਇਨਾਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya – ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka – ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – ਸਵਾਤੀ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo – ਸਿਲੇਸੀਅਨ" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਲੇਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உருசியா – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – ਤੁਲੁ" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਲੁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="రష్యా – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAsia" title="Rúsia – ਟੇਟਮ" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ਟੇਟਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩስያ – ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa – ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%C9%99t" title="Urusijət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਤਸਵਾਨਾ" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="ਤਸਵਾਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABsia" title="Lūsia – ਟੌਂਗਨ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ਟੌਂਗਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – ਟੋਕ ਪਿਸਿਨ" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ਟੋਕ ਪਿਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਟਾਰੋਕੋ" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਰੋਕੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya – ਸੋਂਗਾ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – ਤ੍ਵਿ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ਤ੍ਵਿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABtia" title="Rūtia – ਤਾਹੀਟੀ" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਹੀਟੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="روسىيە – ਉਇਗੁਰ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ਉਇਗੁਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia – ਵੇਂਡਾ" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9sia" title="Rùsia – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4ma" title="Venäma – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4n" title="Rusän – ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsseye" title="Rûsseye – ਵਲੂਨ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ਵਲੂਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi – ਵੋਲੋਫ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲੋਫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Орсин Ниицән – ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – ਖੋਸਾ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ਖੋਸਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="רוסלאנד – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rọ́síà – ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh – ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ – ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – ਜ਼ੁਲੂ" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਲੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸੰਦ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ, ਜੋ ਇੱਥੇ ਜੋੜਦੇ ਹਨ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ਇੱਥੇ ਕੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਜੁੜਦਾ ਹੈ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" rel="nofollow" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਤੋਂ ਜੋੜੇ ਗਏ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ਸਬੰਧਤ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&oldid=630408" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੋਧ ਲਈ ਸਥਾਈ ਕੜੀ"><span>ਪੱਕੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=info" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&id=630408&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਭਾਈਚਾਰਾ</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/220px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/330px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/440px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Russian_Federation_2014_(orthographic_projection)_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg/220px-Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg/330px-Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg/440px-Russian_Federation_2014_%28orthographic_projection%29_with_Crimea_and_South_Kuriles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਰੂਸ</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:IPA/English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:IPA/English (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span><small class="nowrap"> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:En-us-Russia.ogg" title="ਤਸਵੀਰ:En-us-Russia.ogg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-Russia.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Russia.ogg">ਸੁਣੋ</a>)</small></span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਰੂਸੀ</a>: <span title="ਰੂਸੀ-language text"><i lang="ru">Росси́я</i></span>, <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਦਾ ਰੋਮਨੀਕਰਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">tr.</a></small> <i>Rossija</i>; <small>IPA: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਰੂਸੀ ਲਈ IPA">[rɐˈsʲijə]</a></span>; from the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਯੂਨਾਨੀ</a>: <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el">Ρωσία</i></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus%27_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus' (region) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rus'</a>), ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਕ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ <b>ਰੂਸੀ ਸੰਘ</b> ਦੇ ਨਾਂਅ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ਉੱਤਰੀ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਯੁਰੇਸ਼ੀਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਯੁਰੇਸ਼ੀਆ</a> ਦਾ ਇੱਕ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰਾਜ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰਾਜ</a> ਹੈ। <sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17,075,200 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi) <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਖੇਤਰਫਲ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਰੂਸ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਧਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਥਲੀ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਦਾ ਅੱਠਵਾਂ ਭਾਗ ਘੇਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਨੌਂਵਾਂ ਵੱਧ ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ ਜਿਸਦੀ ਮਾਰਚ 2016 ਦੇ ਅਖੀਰ ਤੱਕ ਕੁੱਲ ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ 146.6 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ (ਲਗਭਗ 14.6 ਕਰੋੜ) ਸੀ। ਉੱਤਰੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਤੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਯੂਰਪ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ 'ਤੇ ਫੈਲਿਆ ਹੋਣ ਕਾਰਨ ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰੂਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗਿਆਰਾਂ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ</a> ਹਨ ਤੇ ਇੱਥੇ ਧਰਾਤਲ ਤੇ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਕਾਫੀ ਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਪਾਈ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੱਛਮ ਤੋਂ ਦੱਖਣ-ਪੂਰਬ ਤੱਕ ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਸਰਹੱਦ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87" title="ਨਾਰਵੇ">ਨਾਰਵੇ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ਫਿਨਲੈਂਡ">ਫਿਨਲੈਂਡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ">ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਲਾਤਵੀਆ">ਲਾਤਵੀਆ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ">ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਆ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ">ਪੋਲੈਂਡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ">ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੌਰਜੀਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੌਰਜੀਆ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਯੂਕਰੇਨ">ਯੂਕਰੇਨ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਇਜਾਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਇਜਾਨ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕਜਾਖਸਤਾਨ">ਕਜਾਖਸਤਾਨ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨ">ਚੀਨ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ">ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ</a> ਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ">ਉੱਤਰੀ ਕੋਰੀਆ</a> ਨਾਲ ਲੱਗਦੀ ਹੈ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ">ਜਪਾਨ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅਮਰੀਕਾ">ਅਮਰੀਕਾ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਲਾਸਕਾ">ਅਲਾਸਕਾ</a> ਨਾਲ ਇਸਦੀ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਸਰਹੱਦ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਸਰਹੱਦ</a> ਲੱਗਦੀ ਹੈ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨਾਂਅ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82.E0.A8.85"></span>ਨਾਂਅ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨਾਂਅ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਰੂਸ ਨਾਂ ਰੂਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਣਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਮੱਧਯੁਗੀ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿੱਤ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਪੂਰਬ ਸਲਾਵ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਅਬਾਦੀ ਹੈ. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, ਇਹ ਸਹੀ ਨਾਮ ਬਾਅਦ ਦੇ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਆਮ ਕਰਕੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਵਾਸੀ "Русская Земля" (ਰੁਸਕਾਜਾ ਜ਼ੇਮਲੇਜਾ) ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ, ਜਿਸਦਾ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ "ਰੂਸੀ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ" ਜਾਂ "ਰਸ ਦੇ ਦੇਸ਼" ਵਜੋਂ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ". ਇਸ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੋਏ ਦੂਜੇ ਰਾਜਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ, ਇਹ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਲੇਖਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ 'ਕੀਵਨ ਰਸ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ' ਵਜੋਂ ਦਰਸਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ. ਨਾਮ ਰਸ ਹੀ ਮੱਧਯੁਗ ਦੇ ਮੁਢਲੇ ਰਸ 'ਲੋਕਾਂ, ਸਰਬਿਆਈ ਵਪਾਰੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਧਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਬਾਲਟਿਕ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ ਤੋਂ ਦੂਜੇ ਸਥਾਨ ਉੱਤੇ ਵਸ ਗਏ ਸਨ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਵਗੋਰਡ' ਤੇ ਕੇਂਦ੍ਰਿਤ ਇੱਕ ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਸਥਾਪਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਜੋ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਵਨ ਰਸ ਬਣ ਗਈ. </p><p>ਨਾਮ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਪੁਰਾਣਾ ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ 'ਰੁਤਾਨੀਆ' ਸੀ, ਜੋ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਰਸ ਦੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਸਨ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਕੈਥੋਲਿਕ ਯੂਰਪ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਲੱਗਦੇ ਸਨ. ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਨਾਮ, ਰੂਸ (ਰੋਸਿਸਾ), ਕਿਆਵਨ ਰਸ ਦੇ ਬਿਜ਼ੰਤੀਨੀ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਉਪਨਾਮ ਤੋਂ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, Ρωσσία ਰੋਸੀਆ-ਸਪੈਲਡ Ρωσία (ਰੋਜ਼ੇਯਾ ਨੇ ਐਲਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ [ਰੋਸਿਆ]) ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ. </p><p>ਰੂਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਿਕ ਤਰੀਕਾ ਰੂਸੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ "ਰੂਸੀ" ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਸਸੀ (ਰੂਸੀ: россияне) ਵਿੱਚ ਰੂਸੀ. ਦੋ ਰੂਸੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹਨ ਜਿਹੜੇ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਵਿੱਚ "ਰੂਸੀ" ਵਜੋਂ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ. ਇੱਕ "русские" (ਰੁਸਕੀਆ) ਹੈ, ਜਿਸਦਾ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਮਤਲਬ "ਨਸਲੀ ਰੂਸੀ" ਹੈ. ਇਕ ਹੋਰ "россияне" (ਰੋਸਿਆਨੇ) ਹੈ, ਜਿਸਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਹੈ "ਰੂਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਗਰਿਕ, ਭਾਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਨਸਲੀ ਭੇਦਭਾਵ" ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ ਅਕਸਰ ਇਹ ਦੋਨਾਂ ਗਰੁੱਪਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੰਤਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r645774">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">ਮੁੱਖ ਲੇਖ: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ">ਰੂਸ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਪੂਰਵ_ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B5_.E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਪੂਰਵ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪੂਰਵ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਕਿਏਵਨ_ਰਸ'"><span id=".E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.8F.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.A8_.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B8.27"></span>ਕਿਏਵਨ ਰਸ'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਕਿਏਵਨ ਰਸ'"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਮਾਸਕੋ_ਦੇ_ਵੱਡੇ_ਡੱਚੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.8B_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A1.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.A1.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.9A.E0.A9.80"></span>ਮਾਸਕੋ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਡੱਚੀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮਾਸਕੋ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਡੱਚੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਰੂਸ_ਦੀ_ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B8_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B9.E0.A9.80"></span>ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰੂਸ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਾਰਸ਼ਾਹੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਰੂਸੀ_ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9C"></span>ਰੂਸੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰੂਸੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ_ਅਤੇ_ਰੂਸੀ_ਗਣਰਾਜ"><span id=".E0.A8.95.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.A3.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9C"></span>ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਸੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਸੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਰੂਸ_ਤੇ_ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਜੰਗ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4_.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B8_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.98.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.82_.E0.A8.9C.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.97"></span>ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰੂਸ ਤੇ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਜੰਗ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਰੂਸ ਤੇ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਜੰਗ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸੋਵੀਅਤ_ਯੂਨੀਅਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4_.E0.A8.AF.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸੋਵੀਅਤ ਯੂਨੀਅਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਰੂਸੀ_ਸੰਘ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.98"></span>ਰੂਸੀ ਸੰਘ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰੂਸੀ ਸੰਘ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ_ਸਥਿਤੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.A5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80"></span>ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਸਥਿਤੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਧਰਾਤਲ"><span id=".E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.B2"></span>ਧਰਾਤਲ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=13" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਧਰਾਤਲ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AF.E0.A9.82"></span>ਜਲਵਾਯੂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=14" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B9.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=15" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਰਹੱਦਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=16" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86"></span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=17" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=18" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=19" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਧਰਮ"><span id=".E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.AE"></span>ਧਰਮ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=20" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਧਰਮ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86"></span>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=21" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=24" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਰਕਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ_ਵੰਡ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A1"></span>ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ ਵੰਡ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=25" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ ਵੰਡ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.81.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.AD.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9A.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=26" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A5_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.A5.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=27" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.98.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.82_.E0.A8.89.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.AA.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.A8_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=28" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.96.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A9.9C.E0.A9.80"></span>ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=29" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਨਅਤ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4"></span>ਸਨਅਤ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=30" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਨਅਤ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਵਿੱਤੀ ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=31" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਵਿੱਤੀ ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ"><span id=".E0.A8.AF.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AF.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4"></span>ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=32" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਊਰਜਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.8A.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਊਰਜਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=33" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਊਰਜਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਪਾਣੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A3.E0.A9.80"></span>ਪਾਣੀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&section=34" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪਾਣੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"ਰੂਸ ਅਤੇ ਰੂਸੀ ਸੰਘ, ਦੋਵੇਂ ਨਾਂਅ ਇੱਕ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਹਨ"। <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. <i>(Article 1)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28Article+1%29&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia">"Russia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F513251%2FRussia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">crimea not included</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਰੂਸ&oldid=630408">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਰੂਸ&oldid=630408</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div 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