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<span>Permanent post</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_post-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_full-time_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_full-time_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First full-time president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_full-time_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duties_and_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duties_and_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Duties and powers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Duties_and_powers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Duties and powers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Duties_and_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pre-2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Post-2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privileges_of_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privileges_of_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Privileges of office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privileges_of_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President's_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President's_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>President's office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President's_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Democratic mandate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Democratic_mandate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Democratic mandate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Democratic_mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Relationship with Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_presidents_of_the_European_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_presidents_of_the_European_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of presidents of the European Council</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_presidents_of_the_European_Council-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of presidents of the European Council subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_presidents_of_the_European_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rotating_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotating_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Rotating presidency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotating_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permanent_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanent_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Permanent presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of the European Council</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="رئيس المجلس الأوروبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس المجلس الأوروبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Conseyu_Europ%C3%A9u" title="Presidente del Conseyu Européu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente del Conseyu Européu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ইউরোপীয় কাউন্সিলের সভাপতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরোপীয় কাউন্সিলের সভাপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Старшыня Еўрапейскага савета – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старшыня Еўрапейскага савета" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Председател на Европейския съвет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Председател на Европейския съвет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_del_Consell_Europeu" title="President del Consell Europeu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President del Consell Europeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_Evropsk%C3%A9_rady" title="Předseda Evropské rady – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda Evropské rady" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formand_for_Det_Europ%C3%A6iske_R%C3%A5d" title="Formand for Det Europæiske Råd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Formand for Det Europæiske Råd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_des_Europ%C3%A4ischen_Rates" title="Präsident des Europäischen Rates – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsident des Europäischen Rates" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_%C3%9Clemkogu_eesistuja" title="Euroopa Ülemkogu eesistuja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Ülemkogu eesistuja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Πρόεδρος του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος του Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Consejo_Europeo" title="Presidente del Consejo Europeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente del Consejo Europeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto_de_la_E%C5%ADropa_Konsilio" title="Prezidanto de la Eŭropa Konsilio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prezidanto de la Eŭropa Konsilio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europako_Kontseiluko_lehendakaria" title="Europako Kontseiluko lehendakaria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Europako Kontseiluko lehendakaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="رئیس شورای اروپایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس شورای اروپایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_du_Conseil_europ%C3%A9en" title="Président du Conseil européen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président du Conseil européen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uachtar%C3%A1n_na_Comhairle_Eorpa%C3%AD" title="Uachtarán na Comhairle Eorpaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uachtarán na Comhairle Eorpaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%EC%9E%84%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%A5" title="유럽 연합 정상회의 상임의장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽 연합 정상회의 상임의장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_Europskog_vije%C4%87a" title="Predsjednik Europskog vijeća – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik Europskog vijeća" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Dewan_Eropa" title="Presiden Dewan Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Presiden Dewan Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Presidente del Consiglio europeo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente del Consiglio europeo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiropadomes_prezidenti" title="Eiropadomes prezidenti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiropadomes prezidenti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_vaan_d%27n_Europese_Raod" title="President vaan d'n Europese Raod – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="President vaan d'n Europese Raod" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Eur%C3%B3pai_Tan%C3%A1cs_eln%C3%B6keinek_list%C3%A1ja" title="Az Európai Tanács elnökeinek listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Európai Tanács elnökeinek listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Претседател на Европскиот Совет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседател на Европскиот Совет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Dewan_Eropah" title="Presiden Dewan Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Dewan Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorzitter_van_de_Europese_Raad" title="Voorzitter van de Europese Raad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorzitter van de Europese Raad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7" title="欧州理事会議長 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州理事会議長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidenten_for_Det_europeiske_r%C3%A5d" title="Presidenten for Det europeiske råd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidenten for Det europeiske råd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnicz%C4%85cy_Rady_Europejskiej" title="Przewodniczący Rady Europejskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodniczący Rady Europejskiej" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Head of the European Council</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency of the Council of the European Union</a> or <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of the European Council</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/120px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/180px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/240px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of European Council</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/130px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/195px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/260px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Flag of Europe</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Michel_(49467991288).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg/220px-Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg/330px-Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg/440px-Charles_Michel_%2849467991288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a><br /></div>since 1 December 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">President<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Presiding and <a href="/wiki/Chief_administrative_officer" title="Chief administrative officer">chief administrative officer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> (non-voting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europa_building" title="Europa building">Europa building</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">European Council<br />by <a href="/wiki/Qualified_majority_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified majority voting">qualified majority</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5 years, renewable once</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties of the European Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data">Chairman of the European Council</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/president/">consilium.europa.eu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of the European Council</b> is the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> on the world stage.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">institution</a> comprises the college of heads of state or government of EU member states as well as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president of the European Commission</a>, and provides political direction to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU). </p><p>From 1975 to 2009, the chair of the European Council was an unofficial position (often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/President-in-office" title="President-in-office">president-in-office</a>) held by the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> or <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member state</a> holding the semiannually rotating <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">presidency of the Council of the European Union</a> at any given time. However, since the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>, article 15 of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Treaty on European Union">Treaty on European Union</a> states that the European Council appoints a full-time President for a two-and-a-half-year term, with the possibility of renewal once. Appointments, as well as the removal of incumbents, require a <a href="/wiki/Double_majority" title="Double majority">double majority</a> support in the European Council. </p><p>On 19 November 2009, the European Council agreed that its first President under the Lisbon Treaty would be <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a>), until then the Belgian Prime Minister. Van Rompuy took office when the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon Treaty</a> came into force on 1 December 2009 with a term stretching until 31 May 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His term was later extended with a second period ending on 30 November 2014. </p><p>The second holder of the office was (until then) Polish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>. He was originally elected to serve a term from 1 December 2014 to 31 May 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was re-elected on 9 March 2017 to a second term running from 1 June 2017 until 30 November 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 July 2019 the European Council elected the until then Belgian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> as the successor to Donald Tusk as President of the European Council for the period from 1 December 2019 to 31 May 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in March 2022 for a second term for period from 1 June 2022 to 30 November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Councils">List of European Councils</a></div> <p>The first meeting of all <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> heads of state or government was held in 1961 as an informal summit, but only became formalised in 1974, when it was dubbed "European Council" by the then French president <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>. With the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in 1993, the presidency of the European Council was based on the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency of the Council of the European Union</a>, being hosted by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_member_state" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union member state">member state</a> holding the Council presidency, rotating every six months. As the European Council is composed of national leaders, it was chaired by the head of state or government of the presidency state.<sup id="cite_ref-Dragoman_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dragoman-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbiz_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbiz-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Treaties_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treaties-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Permanent_post">Permanent post</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Permanent post"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a>, drafted by the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">European Convention</a>, outlined the "president of the European Council" as a longer term and full-time chairmanship.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution was rejected by voters in two Member States during ratification but the changes envisaged to the European Council presidency were retained in the Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force on 1 December 2009. </p><p>The first president was expected to define the role for future office holders, as there was no clear idea of how the post would evolve.<sup id="cite_ref-first_names_EUO_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first_names_EUO-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One body of thought was that the president would stick to a quasi-administrative role, a standard bearer who would simply chair meetings and ensure the smooth running of the body and its policies. This would attract semi-retired leaders seeking a fitting climax to their career and would leave most work to the Commission rather than wield power within the institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However another opinion envisaged a more pro-active President within the Union and speaking for it abroad. The office would hence be quickly fashioned, according to promoters, into a <i>de facto</i> "president of Europe" and, unlike the first model, would be seen on the world stage as speaking for the EU. Persons connected to this position would be more charismatic leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of Herman Van Rompuy indicated a desire to see the former style of president. </p><p>There were in any case a number of practical reasons for having the new style President<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The previous rotating presidency meant a new chair every second or third meeting. There was no choice as to who it would be. Incumbants had little time to devote to preparing meetings, as they had a national government to run (a growing problem as the number of members to negotiate with expanded with EU enlargemnt). And when representing the EU externally at G7 or G20 summits, they were often simultaneously representing their own country. Allowing the European Council to choose a full time, longer-term President who was not simultaneously a national head of government avoided these problems. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> does not define a nomination process for the president of the Council and initially several official and unofficial candidates were proposed. At the final European Council meeting on the treaty in Lisbon, on 19 November 2007, French president <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> set off public speculation on candidates by naming <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>, and praising the three as worthy candidates<sup id="cite_ref-FdSarkoBlairJuncker_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FdSarkoBlairJuncker-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Blair in particular being a long time front runner for the post. However, he faced large scale opposition for being from a large state outside the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> as well as being a leader who entered the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> which had split Europe. Minor opposition to other leaders such as Juncker also led to their rejection.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_full-time_president">First full-time president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First full-time president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 November 2009, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a>, at that time <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Prime Minister of Belgium</a>, was appointed the first full-time president of the European Council. The formal decision on the appointment was made after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> came into force on 1 December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, said that he had unanimous backing from the 27 EU leaders at the summit in Brussels on the evening of 19 November 2009. Brown praised Van Rompuy as "a consensus builder" who had "brought a period of political stability to his country after months of uncertainty".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a press conference after his appointment, Van Rompuy commented: "Every country should emerge victorious from negotiations. A negotiation that ends with a defeated party is never a good negotiation. I will consider everyone's interests and sensitivities. Even if our unity remains our strength, our diversity remains our wealth", he said, stressing the individuality of EU member states.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Rompuy's first council meeting was an informal gathering in the Solvay Library in <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Park" title="Leopold Park">Leopold Park</a>, rather than the more usual formal gathering in the <a href="/wiki/Justus_Lipsius_building" title="Justus Lipsius building">Justus Lipsius building</a> nearby. The meeting was called to reflect on long term structural economic problems facing Europe, but was overtaken by the <a href="/wiki/European_sovereign_debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European sovereign debt crisis">Greek economic crisis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties_and_powers">Duties and powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Duties and powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-2009">Pre-2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pre-2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of <i>President-in-Office</i> of the assembled European Council was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> or government of the member state currently holding the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">presidency of the Council of the European Union</a>. This presidency rotated every six months, meaning there was a new president of the European Council twice a year. </p><p>The role as President-in-Office was merely a <i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i> role among other European heads of state or government. However, the president-in-office represented the European Council externally and reported to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> after its meetings as well as at the beginning and at the end of the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-How_work_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_work-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Europa_Council_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Europa_Council-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-2009">Post-2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_the_European_Council,_Herman_Van_Rompuy,_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg/220px-President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg/330px-President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg/440px-President_of_the_European_Council%2C_Herman_Van_Rompuy%2C_during_a_visit_to_the_Paranal_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3585" data-file-height="2707" /></a><figcaption>President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy during a visit to the <a href="/wiki/Paranal_Observatory" title="Paranal Observatory">Paranal Observatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The president's role is largely political, preparing the work of the European Council, organising and chairing its meetings, seeking to find consensus among its members and reporting to the European Parliament after each meeting; the president will also <i>"at his level and in that capacity, ensure the external representation of the Union on issues concerning its common foreign and security policy, without prejudice to the powers of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Council_Press_Release_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Council_Press_Release-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some overlap between the roles of the president of the European Council, the President of the Commission, and the High Representative—notably in foreign policy—leaves uncertainty about how much influence the President of the European Council will acquire. There is further concern over whether the president will have sufficient personnel and resources to fulfil the duties of the post effectively and that, in lacking a ministry, the president might become a "play ball" between EU leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Vauge_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vauge-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the reorganisation of leading EU posts under the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a>, there was some criticism of each post's vague responsibilities. Ukrainian ambassador to the EU <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Veselovsky" title="Andriy Veselovsky">Andriy Veselovsky</a> praised the framework and clarified it in his own terms: The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">president of the European Commission</a> speaks as the EU's "government" while the new president of the European Council is a "strategist". The <a href="/wiki/High_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="High Representative">High Representative</a> specialises in "bilateral relations" while the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Enlargement_and_European_Neighbourhood_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy">European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy</a> deals in technical matters such as the free trade agreement with Ukraine. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">president of the European Parliament</a> meanwhile articulates the EU's values.<sup id="cite_ref-Ukr_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukr-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The European Council president also extended his influence into financial policy, the most important area left to the rotating Council presidency, with the rotating presidency seeing a greater decrease in power than previously planned.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the changes introduced with the Lisbon Treaty need concretion through practical implementation by the current actors. The Spanish presidency unsuccessfully tried to challenge the European Council president's prominent post during the first rotating presidency of 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the second half of the year saw a Belgian rotating presidency marked by a weakened <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a> which did not challenge Herman van Rompuy, himself a Belgian politician. The Belgian rotating presidency announced it was taking a "backrow seat"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with regards to both the European Council president and the high representative, thus fuelling hopes as well as concerns for a more communitarian character in both the council and foreign policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privileges_of_office">Privileges of office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Privileges of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formal negotiations on the salary and privileges of the permanent presidency began in April 2008 as part of the draft of the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a>. The outcome was that the president should enjoy the same conditions as the president of the Commission, with a basic salary of 138% of the highest <a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Service" title="European Civil Service">civil service</a> grade: that would be €24,874.62 per month (not including family and other allowances).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salaries_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salaries-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Com_Emp_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Com_Emp-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="salary scales reviewed in September (October 2010)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The president receives a chauffeured car and around 20 dedicated staff members. He also has a housing allowance, rather than an <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> which was considered "too symbolic". Likewise, the idea of a private jet was also rejected for being symbolic and, as one diplomat pointed out, a discrepancy in privileges between the European Council and Commission presidents may only fuel rivalry between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-EUO_April_Perks_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUO_April_Perks-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The possibility of there being greater perks for the European Council president than Commission president prompted Parliament to threaten a rejection of the 2009 budget. It saw a large salary and extras as a symbolic signal that the post is intended to become more powerful, increasing <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmentalism" title="Intergovernmentalism">intergovernmentalism</a> at the Parliament's expense. With some in the Council suggesting a staff of up to 60, one MEP has argued in 2008 that the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Constitutional_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Constitutional Affairs">Committee on Constitutional Affairs</a> ought to drop the <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_agreement" title="Gentlemen's agreement">gentlemen's agreement</a> that Parliament and Council will not interfere in each other's budget.<sup id="cite_ref-EUO_Parl_Perks_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUO_Parl_Perks-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President's_office"><span id="President.27s_office"></span>President's office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: President's office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/President_of_the_European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/President of the European Council">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although the European Council is, under the terms of the Lisbon treaty, a separate institution of the EU, it does not have its own administration. The administrative support for both the European Council and its President is provided by the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union">General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union</a>. The president does have, however, his own private office (<i>cabinet</i>) of close advisers. Van Rompuy chose as his first chief of staff (<i>chef de cabinet</i>) Baron Frans van Daele, formerly Belgian ambassador to, variously, the US, the UN, the EU and NATO and chief of staff of several Belgian foreign ministers. Upon his retirement in the autumn of 2012, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Seeuws" title="Didier Seeuws">Didier Seeuws</a>, former Deputy Perm Rep of Belgium to the EU and former spokesman for Belgian PM Verhofstadt, replaced him. Also in his team were the former UK Labour MEP <a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Richard Corbett</a> and Van Rompuy's long standing press officer Dirk De Backer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_mandate">Democratic mandate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Democratic mandate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The President of the European Council is elected by its members through a <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Voting in the Council of the European Union">reinforced qualified majority</a> vote for a once-renewable term of two and a half years.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 15 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Treaty on European Union">Treaty on European Union</a> (TEU) identifies his duties. It is the Heads of State or Government who vote for this office.<sup id="cite_ref-cons1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lack of accountability to <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> or national <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">parliamentarians</a> has also cast doubt as to whether national leaders will in practice stand behind the president on major issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Vauge_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vauge-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the rotational system, the presidents simply had the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_(politics)" title="Mandate (politics)">mandate</a> of their member states, while the new permanent president is chosen by the members of the European Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Leinen_utopian_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leinen_utopian-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been calls by some, such as former German interior minister and former head of the Bundestag <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct elections</a> to take place to give the President a mandate, this would strengthen the post within the European Council allowing for stronger leadership in addition to addressing the question of democratic legitimacy in the EU. However, this might cause conflict with <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">Parliament's</a> democratic mandate or a potential mandate for the Commission (see section below). To give a mandate to the European Council's president would signify a development of the <a href="/wiki/Institutions_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutions of the European Union">Union's governance</a> towards a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leinen_utopian_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leinen_utopian-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Commission">Relationship with Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relationship with Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a></div> <p>There had been disagreement and concern over competition between the former president of the European Council Van Rompuy and the former Commission president Barroso, due to the vague language of the treaty. Some clarifications saw Van Rompuy as the "strategist" and Barroso as a <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. In terms of economic policy, Van Rompuy saw the European Council as dealing with overall strategy and the Commission as dealing with the implementation. Despite weekly breakfasts together, there was a certain extent of rivalry between the two yet-defined posts.<sup id="cite_ref-Duff_VR_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duff_VR-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ukr_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukr-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VanB_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanB-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the president of the European Council may not hold a national office, such as a prime minister of a member state, there is no such restraint on European offices. For example, the president may be an <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a>, or more significantly the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">Commission president</a> (who already sits in the European Council). This would allow the European Council to concurrently appoint one person to the roles and powers of both president of the European Council and president of the European Commission, thus creating a single presidential position for the union as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the creation of the European Council presidency, former president <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Van Rompuy</a> and former Commission President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso" title="José Manuel Barroso">Barroso</a> had begun to compete with each other as Van Rompuy had benefited from the general shift in power from the Commission to the European Council yet with Barroso still holding the real powers. At international summits they continued previous practice of both going at the same time. The complicated situation had renewed some calls to merge the posts, possibly at the end of Barroso's term in 2014. However some member states had expected to oppose the creation of such a high-profile post.<sup id="cite_ref-Duff_VR_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duff_VR-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VanB_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanB-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the posts are not to be combined, some believe that the dual-presidential system could lead to "cohabitation" and infighting between the two offices. While it is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Political_system_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Political system of France">French model</a>, where there is a <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">president</a> (the European Council president) and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">prime minister</a> (the Commission president), the Council president does not hold formal powers such as the ability to directly appoint and sack the Commission president, or the ability to dissolve Parliament. The European Council president has prestige, but lacks power. The Commission president has power, but lacks the prestige of the European Council president.<sup id="cite_ref-FG_Plan_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FG_Plan-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some believe this problem would be increased further if the Council president were to be strengthened by a democratic <a href="/wiki/Mandate_(politics)" title="Mandate (politics)">mandate</a>, as mentioned above.<sup id="cite_ref-Leinen_utopian_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leinen_utopian-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_presidents_of_the_European_Council">List of presidents of the European Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of presidents of the European Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotating_presidency">Rotating presidency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rotating presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Period </th> <th>President-in-Office </th> <th colspan="2">European party </th> <th>Presidency </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1975 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1976 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Liberal and Democratic Group</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1977 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1978 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Anker Jørgensen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>West Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1979 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #4F6BA2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">European Progressive Democrats</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #4F6BA2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">European Progressive Democrats</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1980 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1981 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1982 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Sep </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Anker Jørgensen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sep–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1983 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>West Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Greece </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1984 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1985 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1986 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1987 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1988 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>West Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Greece </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1989 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1990 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #4F6BA2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Democratic Alliance">European Democratic Alliance</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1991 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1992 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Cavaco_Silva" title="Aníbal Cavaco Silva">Aníbal Cavaco Silva</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Portugal </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1993 </th> <th>Jan </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Dehaene" title="Jean-Luc Dehaene">Jean-Luc Dehaene</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1994 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Greece </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1995 </th> <th>Jan–May </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th>May–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">1996 </th> <th>Jan–May </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Lamberto Dini</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th>May–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1997 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1998 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Klima" title="Viktor Klima">Viktor Klima</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Austria </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1999 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen" title="Paavo Lipponen">Paavo Lipponen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span>Finland </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2000 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Portugal </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2001 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Persson" title="Göran Persson">Göran Persson</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2002 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2003 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Greece </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2004 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #4F6BA2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">Union for Europe of the Nations</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Jan Peter Balkenende</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2005 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span>Luxembourg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2006 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Wolfgang Schüssel</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Austria </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen" title="Matti Vanhanen">Matti Vanhanen</a> </td> <td style="background-color: gold"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span>Finland </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2007 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates" title="José Sócrates">José Sócrates</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #F0001C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Portugal </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2008 </th> <th>Jan–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Slovenia </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Dec </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">2009 </th> <th>Jan–May </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek" title="Mirek Topolánek">Mirek Topolánek</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #0054A5"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Conservatives_and_Reformists_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Czech Republic </td></tr> <tr> <th>May–Jun </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Fischer_(politician)" title="Jan Fischer (politician)">Jan Fischer</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jul–Nov </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt">Fredrik Reinfeldt</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanent_presidents">Permanent presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Permanent presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style=" width="90%""> <tbody><tr> <th width="1%">N. </th> <th width="10%">Portrait </th> <th width="15%">President<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Born–Died)</span> </th> <th width="8%">State </th> <th width="12%">Took office </th> <th width="12%">Left office </th> <th width="8%">Party </th> <th colspan="2">European party </th> <th width="5%">Refs </th></tr> <tr style="height:10em;"> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg/130px-Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg/195px-Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg/260px-Herman_Van_Rompuy_675.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1463" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a></b><br /><small>(born 1947)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>1 December<br />2009 </td> <td>30 November<br />2014 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">CD&V</a> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="height:4em;"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EEEEEE">4 years, 364 days </td></tr> <tr style="height:10em;"> <th rowspan="2">2 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg/130px-Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg/195px-Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg/260px-Donald_Tusk_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a></b><br /><small>(born 1957)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>1 December<br />2014 </td> <td>30 November<br />2019 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">PO</a> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#3399FF;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="height:4em;"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EEEEEE">4 years, 364 days </td></tr> <tr style="height:10em;"> <th rowspan="2">3 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Michel_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Charles_Michel_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="3054" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a></b><br /><small>(born 1975)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>1 December<br />2019 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9formateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Réformateur">MR</a> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="height:4em;"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EEEEEE">4 years, 358 days </td></tr> <tr style="height:10em;"> <th rowspan="2">4 </th> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa-_2017_-_Web_Summit_-_24778904437_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" title="António Costa">António Costa</a></b><br /><small>(born 1961)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Elected</i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">PS</a> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#F0001C;"> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="height:4em;"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"><i>Assuming office</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Timeline">Timeline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_blozsi7jfxhodrwvosa755v1wzdkhxa"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" coords="560,27,629,48" title="Charles Michel" alt="Charles Michel" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" coords="377,15,435,36" title="Donald Tusk" alt="Donald Tusk" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" coords="193,3,285,24" title="Herman Van Rompuy" alt="Herman Van Rompuy" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_blozsi7jfxhodrwvosa755v1wzdkhxa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/blozsi7jfxhodrwvosa755v1wzdkhxa.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_EU_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of EU institutions">List of presidents of EU institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the European Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the European Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency of the Council of the European Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Union" title="President of the European Union">President of the European Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unclear+EU+treaty+provisions+causing+%27nervousness%27&rft.pub=EU+Observer&rft.date=2007-11-28&rft.aulast=Mahony&rft.aufirst=Honor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F25234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukr-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukr_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukr_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rettman, Andrew, (15 March 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/9/29680">Ukraine gives positive appraisal of new-model EU</a>, EU Observer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/institutional/30236">"Poland to showcase its EU credentials in Brussels extravaganza"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i>. 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Poland+to+showcase+its+EU+credentials+in+Brussels+extravaganza&rft.date=2010-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Finstitutional%2F30236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/institutional/30385">"Spain ends invisible EU presidency"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i>. 30 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Spain+ends+invisible+EU+presidency&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Finstitutional%2F30385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euobserver.com/institutional/30392">"Belgian presidency sets parliament in its sights"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i>. July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUobserver&rft.atitle=Belgian+presidency+sets+parliament+in+its+sights&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Finstitutional%2F30392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:322:0035:0035:EN:PDF">"COUNCIL DECISION of 1 December 2009 laying down the conditions of employment of the President of the European Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>EurLex</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2010</span>. <q>The basic monthly salary of the President of the European Council shall be equal to the amount resulting from application of 138% to the basic salary of an official of the European Union at grade 16 third step.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EurLex&rft.atitle=COUNCIL+DECISION+of+1+December+2009+laying+down+the+conditions+of+employment+of+the+President+of+the+European+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2009%3A322%3A0035%3A0035%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salaries-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salaries_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Basic salary of grade 16, third step is €18,025.09. 138% of €18,025.09 = €24,874,62 <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/civil_service/docs/salary_officials_en.pdf">"Table: officials, Article 66"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> Civil Service. 1 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEPs+to+use+budget+power+over+EU+president+perks&rft.pub=EU+Observer&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft.aulast=Mahony&rft.aufirst=Honor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F26018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/role-nominations-appointment/">"The role of the European Council in nominations and appointments"</a>. <i>European Counil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>The President the European Council is elected by the European Council by a qualified majority. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+President+of+Europe+is+not+Utopian%2C+it%27s+practical+politics&rft.pub=Europe%27s+World&rft.aulast=Leinen&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europesworld.org%2FEWSettings%2FArticle%2Ftabid%2F78%2FDefault.aspx%3FId%3D14db4079-1eb1-4110-9f53-ed343139403d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euobserver.com/9/28216">"British Conservatives call for EU to return powers"</a>. <i>EUobserver</i>. 2 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Van+Barroso%3F&rft.pub=EU+Observer&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.euobserver.com%2Fmahony%2F2010%2F04%2F15%2Fa-van-barroso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+the+European+Council" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FG_Plan-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FG_Plan_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHixRoland" class="citation web cs1">Hix, Simon; Roland, Gérard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fpc.org.uk/articles/201">"Why the Franco-German Plan would institutionalise 'cohabitation' for Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Centre" title="Foreign Policy Centre">Foreign Policy Centre</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/former-euco-presidents/summary-of-donald-tusk-presidency/">Former President of the European Council, Donald Tusk</a>, <i>European Council</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/president/">Charles Michel, President of the European Council</a>, <i>European Council</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/von-der-leyen-costa-and-kallas-bag-eu-top-jobs/">Von der Leyen, Costa and Kallas bag EU top jobs</a>, <i>Politico</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_European_Council&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/president/">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7371840.stm">A 'George Washington' for Europe</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Council" title="Template:European Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Council" title="Template talk:European Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li> <li>Parties represented <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1998" title="Parties in the European Council during 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1999" title="Parties in the European Council during 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2000" title="Parties in the European Council during 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2001" title="Parties in the European Council during 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2002" title="Parties in the European Council during 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2003" title="Parties in the European Council during 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_April_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between January and April 2004">2004 (January–April)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_May_and_December_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between May and December 2004">2004 (May–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2005" title="Parties in the European Council during 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2006" title="Parties in the European Council during 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2007" title="Parties in the European Council during 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2008" title="Parties in the European Council during 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2009" title="Parties in the European Council during 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2010" title="Parties in the European Council during 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2011" title="Parties in the European Council during 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2012" title="Parties in the European Council during 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_June_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between January and June 2013">2013 (January–June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_July_and_December_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between July and December 2013">2013 (July–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2014" title="Parties in the European Council during 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2015" title="Parties in the European Council during 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2016" title="Parties in the European Council during 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2017" title="Parties in the European Council during 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2018" title="Parties in the European Council during 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2020 (page does not exist)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2021 (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2022 (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2023 (page does not exist)">2023</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a></b> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">AT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">BE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">BG</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">HR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">CY</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">CZ</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">DK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">EE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">FI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">FR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">DE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">GR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">HU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">IE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">IT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">LV</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">LT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Luxembourg">LU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">MT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">NL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">PL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">PT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">RO</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">SK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">SI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">ES</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">SE</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the Commission</a> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Borrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>) (present non-member, non-voting)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the Parliament</a>) (partially attending, non-member, non-voting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Template:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Template talk:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of current heads of state of G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union"><img alt="African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Ghazouani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Murmu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> 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decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" 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