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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Democratic Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Republican Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_(Know-Nothing)_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_(Know-Nothing)_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>American (Know-Nothing) Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_(Know-Nothing)_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>North American Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_Seceders_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_American_Seceders_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>North American Seceders Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_American_Seceders_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whig_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whig_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Whig Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whig_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberty_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberty_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Liberty Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberty_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General election</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General election subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography_of_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_of_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geography of results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_of_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cartographic_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartographic_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Cartographic gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartographic_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Results by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Democratic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Democratic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>States that flipped from Whig to Democratic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Democratic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Know-Nothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Know-Nothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>States that flipped from Democratic to Know-Nothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Know-Nothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Republican" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Republican"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>States that flipped from Whig to Republican</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Republican-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Close states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congressional_certification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congressional_certification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Congressional certification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_certification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1856 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1856" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1856 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1856" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1856" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1856 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1856" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1856" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1856 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1856" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1856" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1856 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1856" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1856" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1856 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1856" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1856년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1856년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1856" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1856 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1856" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1856" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1856 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1856" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchaguzi_wa_Rais_wa_Marekani,_1856" title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1856 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1856" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856._gada_ASV_prezidenta_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="1856. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1856. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1856" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1856 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1856" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1856年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1856年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1856" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1856 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1856" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1856_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1856 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1856 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1856" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1856 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1856" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1856)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1856) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1856)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A5%D9%A6)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨٥٦) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٨٥٦)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_1856." title="Председнички избори у САД 1856. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 1856." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_1856" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1856 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1856" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1856" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1856 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 1856" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 4, 1856</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />296 members of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a><br />149 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">79.4%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.9 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg/112px-James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg/169px-James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg/225px-James_Buchanan_Alt_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png/112px-John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png/169px-John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png/225px-John_Charles_Fremont_Oval_Crop_Edit.png 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="2166" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #D99FE8;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg/112px-Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg/169px-Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg/225px-Fillmore_Alt_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1295" data-file-height="1726" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Party">North American</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Andrew J. Donelson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>174</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">114 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>19</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>1,836,072</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,342,345 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">873,053 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>45.3%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">33.1% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">21.5% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><figure 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/><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="307,83,325,89" alt="1856 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="313,72,333,78" alt="1856 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1856 United States presidential election in Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="316,62,334,68" alt="1856 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="1856 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" /><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="316,50,345,56" alt="1856 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1856 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="rect" coords="269,21,290,28" alt="1856 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1856 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="273,14,296,20" alt="1856 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:blue;">Blue</span> denotes states won by Buchanan/Breckinridge, <span style="color:red;">Red</span> by Frémont/Dayton, and <span style="color:#A951C3;">Lavender</span> by Fillmore/Donelson. Numbers indicate the number of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral votes</a> cast by each state.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on November 4, 1856. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a>/<a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>. The main issue was the expansion of slavery as facilitated by the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a> of 1854. Buchanan defeated President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 Democratic National Convention</a> for the nomination. Pierce had become widely unpopular in the North because of his support for the pro-slavery faction in the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">civil war</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">territorial Kansas</a>, and Buchanan, a former Secretary of State, had avoided the divisive debates over the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a> by being in Europe as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">Ambassador to the United Kingdom</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> was the main issue, and with it the question of the survival of the United States as it then existed. The Democrats were seen as the pro-slavery party; the new Republican party, though hostile to slavery, limited its efforts to the politically more manageable question of the extension of slavery into federal territories (and its <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Compensated_Emancipation_Act" title="District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act">removal from the District of Columbia</a>). The nativist Know Nothings (known formally as the American Party) competed with the Republicans to replace the moribund <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> as the primary opposition to the Democrats. They emphasized opposition to Catholic immigrants. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856 Republican National Convention</a> nominated a ticket led by Frémont, an explorer and military officer who had served in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>. The Know Nothings, who ignored slavery and instead emphasized <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)#Nativism_in_the_United_States" title="Nativism (politics)">anti-immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_States#19th_century" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United States">anti-Catholic</a> policies, <a href="/wiki/1856_American_National_Convention" title="1856 American National Convention">nominated</a> a ticket led by former Whig President <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>. Domestic political turmoil was a major factor in the nominations of both Buchanan and Fillmore, who appealed in part because of their recent time abroad, when they did not have to take a position on the divisive questions related to slavery. </p><p>The Democrats supported expansionist slave-holding policies generally of varying intensities. Southern Democrats were all in favor of the expansion of slavery. Some wanted to obtain Cuba as slave territory, as espoused by the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Party" title="Northern Democratic Party">Northern Democrats</a> called for "<a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">popular sovereignty</a>", which in theory would allow the residents in a territory to decide for themselves the legal status of slavery. In practice, in Kansas Territory, it produced a state-level civil war. Frémont opposed the expansion of slavery. Buchanan called that position "extremist", warning that a Republican victory would lead to disunion, a then constant <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Convention" title="Nashville Convention">issue of political debate</a> which had already been long <a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">discussed and advocated</a>. The Know Nothings attempted to present themselves as the one party capable of bridging the sectional divides. All three major parties found support in the North, but the Republicans had virtually no backing in the South. </p><p>Buchanan won a plurality of the popular vote and a majority of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral vote</a>, taking all but one <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">slave state</a> and five free states. Frémont won a majority of electoral votes from free states and finished second in the nationwide popular vote, while Fillmore took 21.5% of the popular vote but only carried <a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1856 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a>. The Know Nothings soon collapsed as a national party, as most of its anti-slavery members joined the Republican Party after the 1857 <i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> ruling. This election marked the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a> and also proved to be the last Democratic presidential victory until <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>, as Republicans emerged as the dominant party during and after the Civil War. As of <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>, this is the only time that the Democrats won the presidency without any electoral votes from <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and the only time that a Republican swept this region without winning the presidency (losing <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> to <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1916 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">1916</a> with a margin of 56 votes). As of 2024, this election remains the most recent, and only one of two, with <a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a> being the other one, in which the incumbent president and the winning candidate were both Democrats despite being different people. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nominations">Nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1856 presidential election was primarily waged among three political parties. Though other parties had been active in the spring of the year. The conventions of these parties are considered below in order of the party's popular vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Party_nomination">Democratic Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Democratic Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 Democratic National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><big><b>1856 Democratic Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000F-QINU`"'</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">James Buchanan</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">John C. Breckinridge</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Buchanan,_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/160px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/240px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/320px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2813" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg/149px-John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg/223px-John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg/298px-John_C_Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="2755" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to Great Britain</a><br /><small>(1853–1856)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's 8th congressional district">Kentucky's 8th</a><br /><small>(1851–1855)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/170px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/255px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/341px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4562" data-file-height="5678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>, the incumbent president in 1856, whose term expired on March 4, 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>Democratic candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, Minister to Great Britain and former Secretary of State</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>, President of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Douglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Douglas">Stephen Douglas</a>, U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a>, Former U.S. Senator and 1848 presidential nominee from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Buchanan,_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minister to Great Britain and former United States Secretary of State James Buchanan"><img alt="Minister to Great Britain and former United States Secretary of State James Buchanan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/192px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/288px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg/384px-James_Buchanan%2C_U.S._Secretary_of_State.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2813" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">Minister to Great Britain</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></b></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Franklin Pierce (Name Withdrawn on the 15th Ballot in favor of Stephen Douglas)"><img alt="President Franklin Pierce (Name Withdrawn on the 15th Ballot in favor of Stephen Douglas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/193px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/289px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/386px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4562" data-file-height="5678" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">President <b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a></b> <br /><small><i>(Name Withdrawn on the 15th Ballot in favor of Stephen Douglas)</i></small></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senator Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois (Name Withdrawn on the 17th Ballot in favor of James Buchanan)"><img alt="Senator Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois (Name Withdrawn on the 17th Ballot in favor of James Buchanan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/186px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/279px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/373px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a><br /><small><i>(Name Withdrawn on the 17th Ballot in favor of James Buchanan)</i></small></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senator Lewis Cass from Michigan"><img alt="Senator Lewis Cass from Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg/193px-Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg/289px-Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg/385px-Lewis_Cass_circa_1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="4744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1856DemocraticPoster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1856DemocraticPoster.png/220px-1856DemocraticPoster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1856DemocraticPoster.png/330px-1856DemocraticPoster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1856DemocraticPoster.png/440px-1856DemocraticPoster.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan/Breckinridge campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <p>The Democratic Party was wounded from its devastating losses in the 1854–1855 midterm elections. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, who had sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act, entered the race in opposition to President Franklin Pierce. The Pennsylvania delegation continued to sponsor its favorite son Buchanan. </p><p>The Seventh Democratic National Convention was held in Smith and Nixon's Hall in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio, on June 2 to 6, 1856. The delegates were deeply divided over slavery. On the first ballot, Buchanan placed first with 135.5 votes to 122.5 for Pierce, 33 for Douglas, and 5 for Senator <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a>, who had been the presidential nominee in <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>. With each succeeding ballot, Douglas gained at Pierce's expense. On the 15th ballot, most of Pierce's delegates shifted to Douglas in an attempt to stop Buchanan, but Douglas withdrew when it became clear Buchanan had the support of the majority of those at the convention, also fearing that his continued participation might lead to divisions within the party that could endanger its chances in the general election. For the first time in American history someone who had been elected president was denied re-nomination after seeking it. </p><p>A host of candidates were nominated for the vice presidency, but a number of them attempted to withdraw themselves from consideration, among them the eventual nominee, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> of Kentucky. Breckinridge, besides having been selected as an elector, was also supporting former Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Linn Boyd</a> for the vice presidential nomination. However, following a draft effort led by the delegation from Vermont, Breckinridge was nominated on the second ballot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_Party_nomination">Republican Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Republican Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">1856 Republican National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><big><b>1856 Republican Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">John C. Frémont</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">William L. Dayton</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#FFD0D7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/150px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_L._Dayton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/William_L._Dayton.jpg/150px-William_L._Dayton.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/William_L._Dayton.jpg/225px-William_L._Dayton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/William_L._Dayton.jpg/300px-William_L._Dayton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><br /><small>(1850–1851)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><br /><small>(1842–1851)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1856_dayton_fremont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1856_dayton_fremont.jpg/375px-1856_dayton_fremont.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1856_dayton_fremont.jpg/563px-1856_dayton_fremont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/1856_dayton_fremont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Republican candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>, former United States Senator from California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a>, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Senator John C. Frémont from California"><img alt="Former Senator John C. Frémont from California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/146px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/220px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean from Ohio"><img alt="Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean from Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/147px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/220px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/293px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court Associate Justice</a> <b><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png/220px-Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png/330px-Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Fr%C3%A9mont-Dayton_1856Poster.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Fremont/Dayton campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <p>The Republican Party was formed in early 1854 to <a href="/wiki/Anti-Nebraska_movement" title="Anti-Nebraska movement">oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act</a>. During the midterm elections of 1854–1855, the Republican Party was one of the patchwork of anti-administration parties contesting the election, but they were able to win thirteen seats in the House of Representatives for the 34th Congress. However, the party collaborated with other disaffected groups and gradually absorbed them. In the elections of 1855, the Republican Party won three governorships. </p><p>The first Republican National Convention was held in the Musical Fund Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 17 to 19, 1856. The convention approved an anti-slavery platform that called for congressional sovereignty in the territories, an end to <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_polygamy" title="Mormonism and polygamy">polygamy in Mormon settlements</a>, and federal assistance for a <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railroad</a>—a political outcome of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Railroad_Surveys" title="Pacific Railroad Surveys">Pacific Railroad Surveys</a>. John C. Frémont, John McLean, William Seward, Salmon Chase, and Charles Sumner all were considered by those at the convention, but the latter three requested that their names be withdrawn. Seward and Chase did not feel that the party was yet sufficiently organized to have a realistic chance of taking the White House and were content to wait until the next election. Sumner was in no fit condition to run after being <a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">violently assaulted</a> on the Senate floor a month before the convention. McLean's name was initially withdrawn by his manager <a href="/wiki/Rufus_P._Spalding" title="Rufus P. Spalding">Rufus Spalding</a>, but the withdrawal was rescinded at the strong behest of the Pennsylvania delegation led by <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kentucky was the only southern state to have a delegation at the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frémont was nominated for president overwhelmingly on the formal ballot, and <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> was nominated for vice president over <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_(Know-Nothing)_Party_nomination"><span id="American_.28Know-Nothing.29_Party_nomination"></span>American (Know-Nothing) Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American (Know-Nothing) Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1856_American_National_Convention" title="1856 American National Convention">1856 American National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><big><b>1856 American Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#F0DC82; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Millard Fillmore</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#F0DC82; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Andrew J. Donelson</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000000; font-size:100%; background:#F0DC82;"> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:lightyellow; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:lightyellow; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fillmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/157px-Fillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/236px-Fillmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/315px-Fillmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1975" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_J._Donelson_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Andrew_J._Donelson_portrait.jpg/178px-Andrew_J._Donelson_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Andrew_J._Donelson_portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">13th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1850–1853)</small> </td> <td>2nd<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Germany">U.S. Envoy to Prussia</a><br /><small>(1846–1849)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>American Party candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, former President of the United States from New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Law_(financier)" title="George Law (financier)">George Law</a>, steamboat entrepreneur from New York</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fillmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former President Millard Fillmore from New York"><img alt="Former President Millard Fillmore from New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/189px-Fillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/284px-Fillmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fillmore.jpg/378px-Fillmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former President <b><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b> <br /> from New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeLaw.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Steamboat entrepreneur George Law from New York"><img alt="Steamboat entrepreneur George Law from New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/GeorgeLaw.png/161px-GeorgeLaw.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/GeorgeLaw.png/242px-GeorgeLaw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/GeorgeLaw.png/323px-GeorgeLaw.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="891" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Steamboat entrepreneur <b><a href="/wiki/George_Law_(financier)" title="George Law (financier)">George Law</a></b> from New York</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fillmore2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Fillmore2.JPG/170px-Fillmore2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Fillmore2.JPG/255px-Fillmore2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Fillmore2.JPG/340px-Fillmore2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1988" /></a><figcaption>1856 Know-Nothing campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <p>The American Party, formerly the Native American Party, was the vehicle of the <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a> movement. The American Party absorbed most of the former Whig Party that had not gone to either the Republicans or Democrats in 1854, and by 1855 it had established itself as the chief opposition party to the Democrats. In the 82 races for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> in 1854, the American Party ran 76 candidates, 35 of whom won. None of the six independents or Whigs who ran in these races were elected. </p><p>The party gained control over the state governments of California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island in the 1854 and 1855 elections. The party also controlled the Tennessee legislature and received at least 45% of the vote in multiple southern states, far better than the Whig Party following 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988138-140_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988138-140-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party then succeeded in electing <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a> as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> in the <a href="/wiki/34th_United_States_Congress" title="34th United States Congress">34th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988143-144_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988143-144-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the party started to break apart at sectional lines over slavery. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> led northern delegates out of the party's 1855 national council in Philadelphia in protest of it adopting a plank endorsing the Kansas-Nebraska Act.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988140_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988140-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 70 northern delegates left the 1856 convention to create the North American Party after a resolution calling for the Kansas-Nebraska Act to be repealed was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988153-154_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988153-154-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American National Convention was held in National Hall in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, on February 22 to 25, 1856. Following the decision by party leaders in 1855 not to press the slavery issue, the convention had to decide how to deal with the Ohio chapter of the party, which was vocally anti-slavery. The convention closed the Ohio chapter and re-opened it under more moderate leadership. Delegates from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa, New England, and other northern states bolted when a resolution that would have required all prospective nominees to be in favor of prohibiting slavery north of the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_36%C2%B030%E2%80%B2_north" title="Parallel 36°30′ north">36'30' parallel</a> was voted down.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This removed a greater part of the American Party's support in the North outside of New York, where the conservative faction of the Whig Party remained faithful.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Banks was the early favorite for the party's presidential nomination, he publicly declined the nomination and effectively broke from the Know-Nothings, though he would not formally defect to the Republican Party until after the election. After Banks removed himself from consideration, the only name with much support was former President Millard Fillmore. Historian <a href="/wiki/Allan_Nevins" title="Allan Nevins">Allan Nevins</a> says Fillmore was not a Know-Nothing or a nativist. He was out of the country when the presidential nomination came and had not been consulted about running. Furthermore, Fillmore was neither a member of the party nor had he ever attended an American [Know-Nothing] gathering nor had he by "spoken or written word [...] indicated a subscription to American tenets".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fillmore was nominated with 179 votes out of the 234 votes cast. The convention chose <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Andrew Jackson Donelson</a> of Tennessee for vice president with 181 votes to 30 scattered votes and 24 abstentions. Although the nativist argument of the American party had considerable success in local and state elections in 1854–55, Fillmore in 1856 concentrated almost entirely on national unity. Historian Tyler Anbinder says, "The American party had dropped nativism from its agenda." Fillmore won 22% of the national popular vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_Party_nomination">North American Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North American Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North American Party candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>, former Senator from California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a>. Speaker of the House from Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a>, Associate Justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a>, former Senator from New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a>, Governor of Pennsylvania</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Senator John C. Frémont from California"><img alt="Former Senator John C. Frémont from California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/90px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/135px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg/180px-John_Charles_Fremont_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></b> from California</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Speaker Nathaniel P. Banks (Declined Nomination)"><img alt="Speaker Nathaniel P. Banks (Declined Nomination)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg/79px-Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg/119px-Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg/158px-Nathaniel_Prentice_Banks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a></b><br /><small><i>(Declined Nomination)</i></small></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean"><img alt="Supreme Court Associate Justice John McLean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/90px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/135px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg/180px-John_McLean_-_History_of_Ohio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court Associate Justice</a> <b><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a></b></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RFStockton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Senator Robert F. Stockton"><img alt="Former Senator Robert F. Stockton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RFStockton.jpg/92px-RFStockton.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RFStockton.jpg/138px-RFStockton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/RFStockton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a></b></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W_F_Johnston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Governor William F. Johnston of Pennsylvania"><img alt="Governor William F. Johnston of Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/W_F_Johnston.jpg/92px-W_F_Johnston.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/W_F_Johnston.jpg/138px-W_F_Johnston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/W_F_Johnston.jpg/184px-W_F_Johnston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Pennsylvania">Governor</a> <b><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a></b> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_C._Fremont,_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg/220px-John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg/330px-John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg/440px-John_C._Fremont%2C_America%27s_Future_Through_Democracy_1856_Cornell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2618" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>An anti-slavery map printed during the presidential election campaign of 1856 by the John C. Fremont campaign.</figcaption></figure> <p>The anti-slavery "Americans" from the North formed their own party after the nomination of Fillmore in Philadelphia. This party called for its national convention to be held in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, just before the Republican National Convention. Party leaders hoped to nominate a joint ticket with the Republicans to defeat Buchanan. The national convention was held on June 12 to 20, 1856 in New York. As John C. Frémont was the favorite to attain the Republican presidential nomination there was a considerable desire for the North American party to nominate him, but it was feared that in doing so they may possibly injure his chances to actually become the Republican presidential nominee. The delegates voted repeatedly on a nominee for president without a result. Nathaniel P. Banks was nominated for president on the 10th ballot over John C. Frémont and John McLean, with the understanding that he would withdraw from the race and endorse John C. Frémont once he had won the Republican presidential nomination. The delegates, preparing to return home, unanimously nominated Frémont on the 11th ballot shortly after his nomination by the Republican Party in Philadelphia. The chairman of the convention, William F. Johnston, had been nominated to run for vice president, but later withdrew when the North Americans and the Republicans failed to find an acceptable accommodation between him and the Republican vice presidential nominee, <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William Dayton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Convention vote </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Presidential ballots </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>Vice presidential ballot </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>48 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a> </td> <td>59 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> </td> <td>34 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>92 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ford_(politician)" title="Thomas Ford (politician)">Thomas Ford</a> </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>Scattering </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scattering </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_Seceders_Party_nomination">North American Seceders Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: North American Seceders Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North American Seceders Party candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a>, former senator from California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a>. Speaker of the House from Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a>, Associate Justice from Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a>, former Senator from New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Johnston" title="William F. Johnston">William F. Johnston</a>, Governor of Pennsylvania</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RFStockton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Senator Robert F. Stockton from New Jersey (Withdrew – Endorsed Fillmore)"><img alt="Former Senator Robert F. Stockton from New Jersey (Withdrew – Endorsed Fillmore)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RFStockton.jpg/92px-RFStockton.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RFStockton.jpg/138px-RFStockton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/RFStockton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a></b> from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><br /><small><i>(Withdrew – Endorsed Fillmore)</i></small></div></div> </li> </ul> <p>A group of North American delegates called the North American Seceders withdrew from the North American Party's convention and met separately. They objected to the attempt to work with the Republican Party. The Seceders held their own national convention on June 16 and 17, 1856. 19 delegates unanimously nominated <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rayner" title="Kenneth Rayner">Kenneth Rayner</a> for vice president. The Seceders' ticket later withdrew from the contest, with Stockton endorsing Millard Fillmore for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whig_Party_nomination">Whig Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Whig Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856 Whig National Convention</a></div> <p>The Whig Party was reeling from electoral losses since 1852. Half of its leaders in the South bolted to the Southern Democratic Party. In the North the Whig Party was moribund with most of its anti-slavery members joining the Republican Party. This party remained somewhat alive in states like New York and Pennsylvania by joining the anti-slavery movement. </p><p>The fifth (and last) Whig National Convention was held in the Hall of the Maryland Institute in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, on September 17 and 18, 1856. There were one hundred and fifty delegates sent from twenty-six states. Though the leaders of this party wanted to keep the Whig Party alive, it became irretrievably doomed once these one hundred and fifty Whig delegates decided unanimously to endorse the American Party's national ticket of Fillmore and Donelson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberty_Party_nomination">Liberty Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liberty Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1856, very little of the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty Party</a> remained. Most of its members joined the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a> in 1848 and nearly of all what remained of the party joined the Republicans in 1854. What remained of the party ran <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a> under the name of the "National Liberty Party." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/400px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/600px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/800px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for the winning candidate. Shades of blue are for Buchanan (Democratic), shades of red are for Frémont (Republican), and shades of yellow are for Fillmore (Know Nothing/Whig).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg/200px-DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg/300px-DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg/400px-DemocraticPlatform1856Cartoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Caricature of Democratic Platform</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg/110px-RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg/165px-RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg/220px-RibbonBuchananBreckenridgePrezCampaign1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="3032" /></a><figcaption>Campaign ribbon</figcaption></figure> <p>None of the three candidates did any public campaigning. The Republican Party opposed the extension of slavery into the territories: in fact, its slogan was "Free speech, free press, <a href="/wiki/Free_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Free soil">free soil</a>, free men, Frémont and victory!" The Republicans thus crusaded against <a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="The Slave Power">the Slave Power</a>, warning it was destroying republican values. Democrats warned that a Republican victory would bring a civil war. </p><p>The Republican platform opposed the repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>, which enacted the policy of popular sovereignty, allowing settlers to decide whether a new state would enter the Union as free or slave. The Republicans also accused the Pierce administration of allowing a fraudulent territorial government to be imposed upon the citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory" title="Kansas Territory">Kansas Territory</a>, thus engendering the violence that had raged in <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a>. They advocated the immediate admittance of Kansas as a free state. </p><p>Along with opposing the spread of slavery into the continental territories of the United States, the party also opposed the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a>, which advocated the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> from Spain. In sum, the campaign's true focus was against the system of slavery, which they felt was destroying the republican values that the Union had been founded upon. </p><p>The Democratic platform supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act and popular sovereignty. The party supported the pro-slavery territorial legislature elected in Kansas, opposed the free-state elements within Kansas, and castigated the <a href="/wiki/Topeka_Constitution" title="Topeka Constitution">Topeka Constitution</a> as an illegal document written during an illegal convention. The Democrats also supported the plan to annex Cuba, advocated in the Ostend Manifesto, which Buchanan helped devise while serving as minister to Britain. The most influential aspect of the Democratic campaign was a warning that a Republican victory would lead to the secession of numerous southern states. The main Democratic campaign was a counter-crusade against the Republicans. They ridiculed Frémont's military record and warned that his victory would bring civil war. Much of the private rhetoric of the campaign focused on unfounded rumors regarding Frémont—talk of him as president taking charge of a large army that would support slave insurrections, the likelihood of widespread lynchings of slaves, and whispered hope among slaves for freedom and political equality.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Fillmore was considered by many incapable of securing the presidency on the American ticket, Whigs were urged to support Buchanan. Democrats also called on nativists to make common cause with them against the specter of sectionalism even if they had once attacked their political views. </p><p>Fillmore and the Americans, meanwhile, insisted that they were the only "national party" since the Democrats leaning in favor of the South and the Republicans were fanatically in favor of Northern fanaticism.<sup id="cite_ref-pg166_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pg166-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A minor scandal erupted when the Americans, seeking to turn the national dialogue back in the direction of nativism, put out a false rumor that Frémont was in fact a Roman Catholic. Because of the Republican candidate's <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French-Canadian">French-Canadian</a> ancestry and surname, many voters accepted the allegation at face value. The Democrats ran with it, and the Republicans found themselves unable to counteract the rumor effectively given that while the statements were false, any stern message against those assertions might have crippled their efforts to attain the votes of German Catholics. Attempts were made to refute it through friends and colleagues, but the issue persisted throughout the campaign and might have cost Frémont the support of a number of American Party members.<sup id="cite_ref-pg166_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pg166-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>30.6% of the voting age population and 79.4% of eligible voters participated in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The campaign had a different nature in the free states and the slave states. In the free states, there was a three-way campaign, which Frémont won with 45.2% of the vote to 41.5% for Buchanan and 13.3% for Fillmore; Frémont received 114 electoral votes to 62 for Buchanan. In the slave states, however, the contest was for all intents and purposes between Buchanan and Fillmore; Buchanan won 56.1% of the vote to 43.8% for Fillmore and 0.1% for Frémont, receiving 112 electoral votes to 8 for Fillmore. </p><p>Nationwide, Buchanan won 174 electoral votes, a majority, and was thus elected. Frémont received no votes in ten of the fourteen slave states with a popular vote; he obtained 306 in Delaware, 285 in Maryland, 283 in Virginia, and 314 in Kentucky. </p><p>Of the 1,713 counties making returns, Buchanan won 1,083 (63.22%), Frémont won 366 (21.37%), and Fillmore won 263 (15.35%). One county (0.06%) in Georgia split evenly between Buchanan and Fillmore. </p><p>This would be the only presidential election where the Know Nothing Party put up a campaign, as the party began to splinter. After the Supreme Court's controversial <i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> ruling in 1857, most of the anti-slavery members of the party joined the Republicans. The pro-slavery wing of the American Party remained strong on the local and state levels in a few southern states, but by the 1860 election, they were no longer a serious national political movement. Most of their remaining members either joined or supported the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a> in 1860. </p><p>This was the last election in which the Democrats won Pennsylvania until 1936, the last in which the Democrats won Illinois until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won California until 1880, the last in which the Democrats won Indiana and Virginia until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won Tennessee until 1872. This also started the long Republican trend in Vermont, which would not be broken until 1964, over a century later. The presidential election of 1856 was also the last time to date that a Democrat was elected to succeed a fellow Democrat as president,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the last one in which a former president ran for election to the presidency on a third party ticket until 1912, when <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> ran on the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a> ticket. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg/540px-United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg/720px-United_States_Electoral_College_1856.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote<sup>(a)</sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,836,072 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">174 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">174 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td>California </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,342,345 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.11% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">114 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">114 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American</a> </td> <td>New York </td> <td style="text-align:right;">873,053 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.53% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Andrew Jackson Donelson</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Edwin Stanton</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,906 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>1,271 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>4,054,647 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>296 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>296 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>149 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>149 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1856">"1856 Presidential Election Results"</a>. <i>Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1856+Presidential+Election+Results&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <b>Source (Electoral Vote):</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1856#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1856%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p><p><sup>(a)</sup> <i>The popular vote figures exclude <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote.</i> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Buchanan</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:45.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">45.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Frémont</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:33.11%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.11%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Fillmore</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#D99FE8; width:21.53%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">21.53%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Stanton</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:0.05%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.05%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.03%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.03%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Buchanan</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:58.78%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">58.78%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Frémont</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:38.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">38.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Fillmore</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#D99FE8; width:2.70%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.70%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography_of_results">Geography of results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography of results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 320px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 318px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/477px-1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="318" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/716px-1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/955px-1856_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cartographic_gallery">Cartographic gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cartographic gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/494px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/741px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif/989px-PresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Northern Democratic presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of Northern Democratic presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Northern Democratic presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Republican presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of Republican presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Republican presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of American "Know-Nothing" presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of American "Know-Nothing" presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-AmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of American "Know-Nothing" presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of "Other" presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of "Other" presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-OtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of "Other" presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">Cartogram</a> of presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of American presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of American presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-CartogramAmericanPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram of American presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county"><img alt="Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/494px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/741px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png/989px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1856Colorbrewer.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Results by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source: Data from <a href="/wiki/Walter_Dean_Burnham" title="Walter Dean Burnham">Walter Dean Burnham</a>, <i>Presidential ballots, 1836–1892</i> (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">Dayton</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#D99FE8"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Donelson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th align="center" colspan="3">James Buchanan<br />Democratic </th> <th align="center" colspan="3">John C. Fremont<br />Republican </th> <th align="center" colspan="3">Millard Fillmore<br />American </th> <th colspan="2">Margin </th> <th align="center" colspan="2">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">electoral<br />votes </th> <th># </th> <th>% </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1856 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </th> <th>9 </th> <td><span style="display:none">00013618</span>46,739 </td> <td>62.08 </td> <td>9 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td><span style="display:none">00048669</span>28,552 </td> <td>37.92 </td> <td>– </td> <td>18,187 </td> <td>24.16 </td> <td>75,291 </td> <th>AL </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1856 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </th> <th>4 </th> <td>21,910 </td> <td>67.12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>10,732 </td> <td>32.88 </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,178 </td> <td>34.24 </td> <td>32,642 </td> <th>AR </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1856 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </th> <th>4 </th> <td>53,342 </td> <td>48.38 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>20,704 </td> <td>18.78 </td> <td>– </td> <td>36,195 </td> <td>32.83 </td> <td>– </td> <td>17,147 </td> <td>15.55 </td> <td>110,255 </td> <th>CA </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1856 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </th> <th>6 </th> <td>34,997 </td> <td>43.57 </td> <td>– </td> <td>42,717 </td> <td>53.18 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2,615 </td> <td>3.26 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−7,720 </td> <td>−9.61 </td> <td>80,329 </td> <th>CT </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1856 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </th> <th>3 </th> <td>8,004 </td> <td>54.83 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>310 </td> <td>2.12 </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,275 </td> <td>42.99 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,729 </td> <td>11.84 </td> <td>14,589 </td> <th>DE </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1856 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </th> <th>3 </th> <td>6,358 </td> <td>56.81 </td> <td>3 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>4,833 </td> <td>43.19 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,525 </td> <td>13.62 </td> <td>11,191 </td> <th>FL </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1856 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <td>56,581 </td> <td>57.14 </td> <td>10 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>42,439 </td> <td>42.86 </td> <td>– </td> <td>14,142 </td> <td>14.28 </td> <td>99,020 </td> <th>GA </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1856 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </th> <th>11 </th> <td>105,528 </td> <td>44.09 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>96,275 </td> <td>40.23 </td> <td>– </td> <td>37,531 </td> <td>15.68 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,253 </td> <td>3.86 </td> <td>239,334 </td> <th>IL </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1856 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </th> <th>13 </th> <td>118,670 </td> <td>50.41 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>94,375 </td> <td>40.09 </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,386 </td> <td>9.51 </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,295 </td> <td>10.32 </td> <td>235,431 </td> <th>IN </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1856 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </th> <th>4 </th> <td>37,568 </td> <td>40.70 </td> <td>– </td> <td>45,073 </td> <td>48.83 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>9,669 </td> <td>10.47 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−7,505 </td> <td>−8.13 </td> <td>92,310 </td> <th>IA </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1856 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </th> <th>12 </th> <td>74,642 </td> <td>52.54 </td> <td>12 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>67,416 </td> <td>47.46 </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,226 </td> <td>5.08 </td> <td>142,058 </td> <th>KY </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1856 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </th> <th>6 </th> <td>22,164 </td> <td>51.70 </td> <td>6 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>20,709 </td> <td>48.30 </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,455 </td> <td>3.40 </td> <td>42,873 </td> <th>LA </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1856 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a> </th> <th>8 </th> <td>39,140 </td> <td>35.68 </td> <td>– </td> <td>67,279 </td> <td>61.34 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>3,270 </td> <td>2.98 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−28,139 </td> <td>−25.66 </td> <td>109,689 </td> <th>ME </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#D99FE8"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1856 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </th> <th>8 </th> <td>39,123 </td> <td>45.04 </td> <td>– </td> <td>285 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>– </td> <td>47,452 </td> <td>54.63 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>−8,329 </td> <td>−9.59 </td> <td>86,860 </td> <th>MD </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1856 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </th> <th>13 </th> <td>39,244 </td> <td>23.08 </td> <td>– </td> <td>108,172 </td> <td>63.61 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>19,626 </td> <td>11.54 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−68,928 </td> <td>−40.53 </td> <td>170,048 </td> <th>MA </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1856 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </th> <th>6 </th> <td>52,139 </td> <td>41.52 </td> <td>– </td> <td>71,762 </td> <td>57.15 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1,660 </td> <td>1.32 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−19,623 </td> <td>−15.63 </td> <td>125,561 </td> <th>MI </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1856 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <td>35,456 </td> <td>59.44 </td> <td>7 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>24,191 </td> <td>40.56 </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,265 </td> <td>18.88 </td> <td>59,647 </td> <th>MS </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1856 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </th> <th>9 </th> <td>57,964 </td> <td>54.43 </td> <td>9 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>48,522 </td> <td>45.57 </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,442 </td> <td>8.86 </td> <td>106,486 </td> <th>MO </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <td>31,891 </td> <td>45.71 </td> <td>– </td> <td>37,473 </td> <td>53.71 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>410 </td> <td>0.59 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−5,582 </td> <td>−8.00 </td> <td>69,774 </td> <th>NH </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <td>46,943 </td> <td>47.23 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>28,338 </td> <td>28.51 </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,115 </td> <td>24.26 </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,828 </td> <td>18.72 </td> <td>99,396 </td> <th>NJ </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1856 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </th> <th>35 </th> <td>195,878 </td> <td>32.84 </td> <td>– </td> <td>276,004 </td> <td>46.27 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>124,604 </td> <td>20.89 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−80,126 </td> <td>−13.43 </td> <td>596,486 </td> <th>NY </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1856 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <td>48,243 </td> <td>56.78 </td> <td>10 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>36,720 </td> <td>43.22 </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,523 </td> <td>13.56 </td> <td>84,963 </td> <th>NC </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1856 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </th> <th>23 </th> <td>170,874 </td> <td>44.21 </td> <td>– </td> <td>187,497 </td> <td>48.51 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>28,126 </td> <td>7.28 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−16,623 </td> <td>−4.30 </td> <td>386,497 </td> <th>OH </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1856 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </th> <th>27 </th> <td>230,686 </td> <td>50.13 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>147,286 </td> <td>32.01 </td> <td>– </td> <td>82,189 </td> <td>17.86 </td> <td>– </td> <td>83,400 </td> <td>18.12 </td> <td>460,161 </td> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1856 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </th> <th>4 </th> <td>6,680 </td> <td>33.70 </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,467 </td> <td>57.85 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1,675 </td> <td>8.45 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−4,787 </td> <td>−24.15 </td> <td>19,822 </td> <th>RI </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1856 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </th> <th>8 </th> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>no popular vote</i> </td> <td>8 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no popular vote</i> </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no popular vote</i> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <th>SC </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1856 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </th> <th>12 </th> <td>69,704 </td> <td>52.18 </td> <td>12 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>63,878 </td> <td>47.82 </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,826 </td> <td>4.36 </td> <td>133,582 </td> <th>TN </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1856 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </th> <th>4 </th> <td>31,169 </td> <td>66.59 </td> <td>4 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>15,639 </td> <td>33.41 </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,530 </td> <td>33.18 </td> <td>46,808 </td> <th>TX </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1856 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <td>10,577 </td> <td>20.84 </td> <td>– </td> <td>39,561 </td> <td>77.96 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>545 </td> <td>1.07 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−28,984 </td> <td>−57.12 </td> <td>50,748 </td> <th>VT </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1856 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </th> <th>15 </th> <td>90,083 </td> <td>59.96 </td> <td>15 </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><i>no ballots</i> </td> <td>60,150 </td> <td>40.04 </td> <td>– </td> <td>29,933 </td> <td>19.92 </td> <td>150,223 </td> <th>VA </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <th><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1856 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <td>52,843 </td> <td>44.22 </td> <td>– </td> <td>66,090 </td> <td>55.30 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>579 </td> <td>0.48 </td> <td>– </td> <td>−13,247 </td> <td>−11.08 </td> <td>119,512 </td> <th>WI </th></tr> <tr> <th>TOTALS: </th> <th>296 </th> <th>1,835,140 </th> <th>45.29 </th> <th>174 </th> <th>1,340,668 </th> <th>33.09 </th> <th>114 </th> <th>872,703 </th> <th>21.54 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>494,472 </th> <th>12.2 </th> <th>4,051,605 </th> <th>US </th></tr> <tr> <th>TO WIN: </th> <th>149 </th> <th colspan="17"> </th></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Democratic">States that flipped from Whig to Democratic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Whig to Democratic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Know-Nothing">States that flipped from Democratic to Know-Nothing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to Know-Nothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Whig_to_Republican">States that flipped from Whig to Republican</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Whig to Republican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican">States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to Republican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Close_states">Close states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Close states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>States where the margin of victory was under 5%: </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;">Louisiana 3.40% (1,455 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;">Illinois 3.86% (9,253 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;">Ohio 4.30% (16,623 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;">Tennessee 4.36% (5,826 votes)</span></b> (tipping point state for Buchanan victory)</li></ol> <p>States where the margin of victory was under 10%: </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;">Kentucky 5.08% (7,226 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;">New Hampshire 8.00% (5,582 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;">Iowa 8.13% (7,505 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;">Missouri 8.86% (9,442 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:purple;">Maryland 9.59% (8,329 votes)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;">Connecticut 9.61% (7,720 votes)</span></b></li></ol> <p>Other tipping point states: </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;">Pennsylvania 18.12% (83,400 votes)</span></b> (tipping point state for Fremont victory)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congressional_certification">Congressional certification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Congressional certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/List_of_joint_sessions_of_the_United_States_Congress#1850s" title="List of joint sessions of the United States Congress">joint session of Congress</a> to count the electoral votes, a dispute occurred over Wisconsin's slate. The electors of Wisconsin, delayed by a snowstorm, did not cast their votes for Frémont and Dayton until several days after the appointed time and sent a certificate mentioning this fact. When the votes for the state were opened by <a href="/wiki/Acting_Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Vice President">acting Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Murray_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="James Murray Mason">James Mason</a>, he counted them over the objections of the leadership of both Houses of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_Buchanan" title="Inauguration of James Buchanan">Inauguration of James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856%E2%80%9357_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections">1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856%E2%80%9357_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1856–57 United States Senate elections">1856–57 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_election_campaigns_in_the_19th_century" title="American election campaigns in the 19th century">American election campaigns in the 19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">History of the United States (1849–1865)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Democratic Party">History of the United States Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">History of the United States Republican Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. <i>United States Election Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_H._Roseboom" class="citation book cs1">Eugene H. Roseboom. <i>A History of Presidential Elections</i>. p. 162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=162&rft.au=Eugene+H.+Roseboom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>National Party Conventions, 1831–1976</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Party+Conventions%2C+1831%E2%80%931976&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988138-140-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988138-140_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 138-140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988143-144-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988143-144_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 143-144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988140-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988140_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988153-154-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988153-154_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 153-154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> <i>American Presidential Elections</i>. p. 1020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=1020&rft.au=Arthur+M.+Schlesinger+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_H._Roseboom" class="citation book cs1">Eugene H. Roseboom. <i>A History of Presidential Elections</i>. p. 159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=159&rft.au=Eugene+H.+Roseboom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Nevins, <i>Ordeal of the Union: A House Dividing 1852–1857</i> (1947) 2:467</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> <i>American Presidential Elections</i>. pp. 1022–1023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=1022-1023&rft.au=Arthur+M.+Schlesinger+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_H._Roseboom" class="citation book cs1">Eugene H. Roseboom. <i>A History of Presidential Elections</i>. p. 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=160&rft.au=Eugene+H.+Roseboom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas R. Egerton, "The Slaves' Election: Frémont, Freedom, and the Slave Conspiracies of 1856." <i>Civil War History</i> 61#1 (2015): 35–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Nevins, <i>Ordeal of the Union: A House Dividing, 1852–1857</i> (1947) pp. 496–502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pg166-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pg166_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pg166_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_H._Roseboom" class="citation book cs1">Eugene H. Roseboom. <i>A History of Presidential Elections</i>. p. 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=166&rft.au=Eugene+H.+Roseboom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbramsonAldrichRohde1995">Abramson, Aldrich & Rohde 1995</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurse" class="citation web cs1">Murse, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/two-consecutive-democratic-presidents-3368109">"Last Time Consecutive Democratic Presidents Were Elected"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+Time+Consecutive+Democratic+Presidents+Were+Elected&rft.aulast=Murse&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Ftwo-consecutive-democratic-presidents-3368109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKesavan2001–2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kesavan, Vasan (2001–2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229205219/https://macris.substack.com/p/who-counts-the-votes-of-the-presidential">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Is the Electoral Count Act Unconstitutional?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NC Law Review</i>. <b>80</b> (2001–2002). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macris.substack.com/p/who-counts-the-votes-of-the-presidential">the original</a> on December 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NC+Law+Review&rft.atitle=%22Is+the+Electoral+Count+Act+Unconstitutional%3F%22&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2001%E2%80%932002&rft.date=2001%2F2002&rft.aulast=Kesavan&rft.aufirst=Vasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacris.substack.com%2Fp%2Fwho-counts-the-votes-of-the-presidential&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramsonAldrichRohde1995" class="citation book cs1">Abramson, Paul; Aldrich, John; Rohde, David (1995). <i>Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871878399" title="Special:BookSources/0871878399"><bdi>0871878399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+and+Continuity+in+the+1992+Elections&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0871878399&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+John&rft.au=Rohde%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPherson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">McPherson, James</a> (1988). <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Cry_of_Freedom_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Cry of Freedom (book)">Battle Cry of Freedom</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195038637" title="Special:BookSources/9780195038637"><bdi>9780195038637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+Cry+of+Freedom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780195038637&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnbinder1992" class="citation book cs1">Anbinder, Tyler (1992). <i>Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-508922-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-508922-7"><bdi>0-19-508922-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nativism+and+Slavery%3A+The+Northern+Know+Nothings+and+the+Politics+of+the+1850s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-508922-7&rft.aulast=Anbinder&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bicknell, John. <i>Lincoln's Pathfinder</i> (2017) popular history of election from Fremont's perspective. 355 pages</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Foner, Eric</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freesoilfreelabo01fone"><i>Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+Soil%2C+Free+Labor%2C+Free+Men%3A+The+Ideology+of+the+Republican+Party+before+the+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreesoilfreelabo01fone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGienapp1987" class="citation book cs1">Gienapp, William E. (1987). <i>The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504100-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504100-3"><bdi>0-19-504100-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Republican+Party%2C+1852%E2%80%931856&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-19-504100-3&rft.aulast=Gienapp&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gienapp, William E. "Nativism and the Creation of a Republican Majority in the North before the Civil War." <i>Journal of American History</i> 72.3 (1985): 529-559 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.winthrop.edu/huffmons/RelAndPolReadings/Gienapp_KnowNothingsAndCreationOfRepublicanParty.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1978" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Michael F. (1978). <i>The Political Crisis of the 1850s</i>. New York: Norton. pp. 139–181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-95370-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-95370-X"><bdi>0-393-95370-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Crisis+of+the+1850s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=139-181&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-393-95370-X&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevins1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Nevins" title="Allan Nevins">Nevins, Allan</a> (1947). <i>Ordeal of the Union: vol 2: A House Dividing, 1852–1857</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordeal+of+the+Union%3A+vol+2%3A+A+House+Dividing%2C+1852%E2%80%931857&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> <small>The most detailed narrative.</small></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Pierson, Michael D. (2002). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Prairies on Fire': The Organization of the 1856 Mass Republican Rally in Beloit, Wisconsin". <i>Civil War History</i>. <b>48</b>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-8078">0009-8078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+War+History&rft.atitle=%27Prairies+on+Fire%27%3A+The+Organization+of+the+1856+Mass+Republican+Rally+in+Beloit%2C+Wisconsin&rft.volume=48&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0009-8078&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Potter" title="David M. Potter">Potter, David</a> (1976). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Impending_Crisis,_1848%E2%80%931861" title="The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861">The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861</a></i>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-090524-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-090524-7"><bdi>0-06-090524-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impending+Crisis%2C+1848%E2%80%931861&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-06-090524-7&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawley1969" class="citation book cs1">Rawley, James A. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/racepoliticsblee00rawl"><i>Race and Politics: "Bleeding Kansas" and the Coming of the Civil War</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: Lippincott.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+Politics%3A+%22Bleeding+Kansas%22+and+the+Coming+of+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Lippincott&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Rawley&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fracepoliticsblee00rawl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell1976" class="citation book cs1">Sewell, Richard H. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ballotsforfreedo00sewe/page/254"><i>Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837–1860</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ballotsforfreedo00sewe/page/254">254–291</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-501997-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-501997-0"><bdi>0-19-501997-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ballots+for+Freedom%3A+Antislavery+Politics+in+the+United+States%2C+1837%E2%80%931860&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=254-291&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-19-501997-0&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fballotsforfreedo00sewe%2Fpage%2F254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1856+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AHM4864.0001.001"><i>Buchanan and Breckinridge. The Democratic hand-book, compiled by Mich. W. Cluskey ... Recommended by the Democratic national committee</i> (1856)</a> ...</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/56Workingmenofpittsburgh"><i>Address of Working Men of Pittsburgh to Their Fellow Working Men in Pennsylvania.</i></a> Pittsburgh, PA: W.S. Haven, 1856.</li> <li>Chester, Edward W <i>A guide to political platforms</i> (1977) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetopolitical0000ches">online</a></li> <li>Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. <i>National party platforms, 1840–1964</i> (1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalpartypla00port">online 1840–1956</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1856_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041209092220/http://www.multied.com/elections/1856Pop.html">Archived</a> December 9, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1856/">Election of 1856 in Counting the Votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185719/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1856/">Archived</a> November 12, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Buchanan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:James_Buchanan" title="Template:James Buchanan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Buchanan" title="Template talk:James Buchanan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Buchanan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Buchanan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Buchanan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">15th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1857–1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">17th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (1845–1849)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania</a> (1834–1845)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district">PA–4</a> (1823–1831)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Pennsylvania" title="List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district">PA–3</a> (1821–1823)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_James_Buchanan" title="Electoral history of James Buchanan">Electoral history of James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatland_(James_Buchanan_House)" title="Wheatland (James Buchanan House)">Wheatland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughface" title="Doughface">Doughface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward_Hill_Cemetery" title="Woodward Hill Cemetery">Woodward Hill Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_Buchanan" title="Inauguration of James Buchanan">Inauguration of James Buchanan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_James_Buchanan" title="List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan">List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecompton_Constitution" title="Lecompton Constitution">Lecompton Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_United_States_elections" title="1858 United States elections">1858 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay_expedition" title="Paraguay expedition">Paraguay expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_to_Investigate_Alleged_Corruptions_in_Government" title="United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government">United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" title="Corwin Amendment">Corwin Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Memorial" title="James Buchanan Memorial">James Buchanan Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan%27s_Birthplace_State_Park" title="Buchanan's Birthplace State Park">Buchanan's Birthplace State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan,_Michigan" title="Buchanan, Michigan">Buchanan, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan,_Georgia" title="Buchanan, Georgia">Buchanan, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan,_Missouri" title="Buchanan, Missouri">Buchanan, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_High_School" title="James Buchanan High School">James Buchanan High School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raising_Buchanan" title="Raising Buchanan">Raising Buchanan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Lane" title="Harriet Lane">Harriet Lane</a> (niece, acting First Lady)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Henry" title="James Buchanan Henry">James Buchanan Henry</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">← Franklin Pierce</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:James_Buchanan" title="Category:James Buchanan">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Millard_Fillmore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Millard_Fillmore" title="Template:Millard Fillmore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Millard_Fillmore" title="Template talk:Millard Fillmore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Millard_Fillmore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Millard Fillmore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Millard_Fillmore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">13th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1850–1853)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">12th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1849–1850)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_32nd_congressional_district" title="New York's 32nd congressional district">NY–32</a> (1833–1835, 1837–1843)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_House" title="Fillmore House">Millard Fillmore House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Whig_National_Convention" title="1844 Whig National Convention">1844 Whig National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Whig_National_Convention" title="1848 Whig National Convention">1848 Whig National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_American_National_Convention" title="1856 American National Convention">1856 American National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Whig_National_Convention" title="1856 Whig National Convention">1856 Whig National Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Presidency of Millard Fillmore">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Inauguration of Millard Fillmore">Inauguration of Millard Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1850">Fugitive Slave Act of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Land_Act_of_1850" title="Swamp Land Act of 1850">Swamp Land Act of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Appropriations_Act" title="Indian Appropriations Act">Indian Appropriations Act of 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Admission_of_the_State_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="An Act for the Admission of the State of California">An Act for the Admission of the State of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore,_Utah" title="Fillmore, Utah">Fillmore, Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_County,_Utah" title="Millard County, Utah">Millard County, Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">Illinois Central Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Whig_National_Convention" title="1852 Whig National Convention">1852 Whig National Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Millard_Fillmore" title="Statue of Millard Fillmore">Statue of Millard Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_Street" title="Fillmore Street">Fillmore Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Powers_Fillmore" title="Millard Powers Fillmore">Millard Powers Fillmore</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Abigail_Fillmore" title="Mary Abigail Fillmore">Mary Abigail Fillmore</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_C._Fillmore" title="Caroline C. Fillmore">Caroline C. Fillmore</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fillmore" title="Nathaniel Fillmore">Nathaniel Fillmore</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">← Zachary Taylor</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">← George M. Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Millard_Fillmore" title="Category:Millard Fillmore">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1852)_1856_United_States_presidential_election_(1860_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1856 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1856 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1856 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1852)_1856_United_States_presidential_election_(1860_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">← 1852</a>) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b> President: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a></b></li> <li><b> Vice President: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b> President: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></b></li> <li><b> Vice President: <a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Nathaniel P. Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D99FE8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b> President: <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></b></li> <li><b> Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Donelson" title="Andrew Jackson Donelson">Andrew J. Donelson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Law_(financier)" title="George Law (financier)">George Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1856 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1856_and_1857_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1856 and 1857 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_and_1857_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1856 and 1857 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third-party performances in United States elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Third party is endorsed by a major party</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89</a></b>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1940 United States Senate election in California">California 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1940 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1940</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1940 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1940</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate special election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="1942 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1942 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1944 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1944 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_elections_in_California" title="1946 United States Senate elections in California">California 1946 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1946 United States Senate special election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1946 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1950 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1952 United States Senate election in California">California 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1952 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1952 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1952 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1952</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 1954 (Democratic write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1954 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1958 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1958 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1960 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1964 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1970 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1970 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1970</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1970 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1970</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1970 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1970</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1972 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1974 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1974 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="1974 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1974 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1974 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1976</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1976 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1976</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1978 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1978 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1978 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1978 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1982 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1984 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1990 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1994 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1994 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1994 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1994 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1994 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1996 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1996 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2002 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2002 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="2002 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2002 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="2002 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2004</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 2006</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2006 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2006 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2006 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2006</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2008 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="2008 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon 2008</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2010 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="2010 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2010 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2010 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2012</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2012 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2012</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2014 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2014 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="2014 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2016 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2016 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2016 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2016 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2016</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2018 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2018</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico 2018</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2018 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2018</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2022 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2022 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2022 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2022</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2024 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2024</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2024 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2024</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2024 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2024</a></b>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a> (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_New_York_state_election" title="1942 New York state election">New York 1942</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1942_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1942</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1946 California gubernatorial election">California 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1965 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1971 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1973 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1973</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1974</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nevada gubernatorial election">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 California gubernatorial election">California 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1988</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1990</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1990</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1994</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1998</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1998</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1998</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1999 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_California_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 California gubernatorial election">California 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New York gubernatorial election">New York 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2007 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2010</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2010</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2013 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 2013</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2014</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 2024 (Republican write-in)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial Governors (since 1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1972 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="1974 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 1974</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1974</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1978</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1980 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1988 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1990</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2000 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Northern_Mariana_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Northern Mariana Islands gubernatorial election">Northern Mariana Islands 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2002</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2005_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2005 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2005</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2009 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2009</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2010 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2014 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2014 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2014</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2014</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2016 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2018 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Guamanian_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Guamanian gubernatorial election">Guam 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2018 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2020 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2022 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2022</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2022</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2024 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_state_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States state legislative elections">State legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Alaska_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Alaska state legislative elections">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Hawaii_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Hawaii state legislative elections">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Louisiana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Louisiana state legislative elections">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Montana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Montana state legislative elections">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_West_Virginia_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in West Virginia state legislative elections">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Wyoming_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Wyoming state legislative elections">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party (U.S. politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress">Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_results_of_the_1856_U.S._presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_1856_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 1856 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_1856_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 1856 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_results_of_the_1856_U.S._presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State results of the 1856 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_results_of_the_1856_U.S._presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1856 U.S. presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1856 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1856 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1856 United States presidential election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1856 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1856 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1856 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1856 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1856 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1856 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1856 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1856 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1856 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1856 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1856 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1856 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1856 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1856 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1856 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1856 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1856 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1856 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1856 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1856 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1856 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1856 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1856 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1856 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1856 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1856 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1856 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1856.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral map, 1856 election"><img alt="Electoral map, 1856 election" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ElectoralCollege1856.svg/150px-ElectoralCollege1856.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/ElectoralCollege1856.svg/225px-ElectoralCollege1856.svg.png 1.5x, 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