CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sodium nitroprusside - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cc4ab6b7-1f3f-4367-927e-f4e4d8f5dbc9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sodium_nitroprusside","wgTitle":"Sodium nitroprusside","wgCurRevisionId":1213907950,"wgRevisionId":1213907950,"wgArticleId":41135948,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2022","ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata","Articles without KEGG source","Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes","Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate","Cyano complexes","Nitrosyl complexes","Iron(III) compounds","Sodium compounds","Vasodilators","World Health Organization essential medicines"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage" :"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sodium_nitroprusside","wgRelevantArticleId":41135948,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Sodium_Nitroprusside","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q27108300","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements" ,"mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="841"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png/800px-Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="561"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png/640px-Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="449"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sodium nitroprusside - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sodium_nitroprusside rootpage-Sodium_nitroprusside skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sodium+nitroprusside" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sodium+nitroprusside" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sodium+nitroprusside" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sodium+nitroprusside" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Side_effects_and_mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_effects_and_mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Side effects and mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_effects_and_mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History,_society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History,_society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History, society and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History,_society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adverse effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contraindications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Contraindications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overdose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overdose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Overdose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overdose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Toxicology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_and_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_and_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Structure and properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_and_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analytical_reagent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analytical_reagent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Analytical reagent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analytical_reagent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ketones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ketones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Ketones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ketones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thiols_and_cysteine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thiols_and_cysteine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Thiols and cysteine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thiols_and_cysteine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Amines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium nitroprusside</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نتروبروسيد الصوديوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نتروبروسيد الصوديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیتروپروساید سدیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیتروپروساید سدیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%C4%95" title="Натрий нитропруссичĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Натрий нитропруссичĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprussid" title="Nitroprussid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nitroprussid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprusiato" title="Nitroprusiato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitroprusiato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سدیم نیتروپروساید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سدیم نیتروپروساید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprussiate_de_sodium" title="Nitroprussiate de sodium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitroprussiate de sodium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprusid" title="Nitroprusid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nitroprusid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_nitroprusida" title="Natrium nitroprusida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Natrium nitroprusida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprussiato_di_sodio" title="Nitroprussiato di sodio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nitroprussiato di sodio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99" title="נתרן ניטרופרוסידי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נתרן ניטרופרוסידי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89" title="ニトロプルシド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニトロプルシド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1" title="ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ନାଇଟ୍ରୋପୃସାଇଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ନାଇଟ୍ରୋପୃସାଇଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprusydek_sodu" title="Nitroprusydek sodu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nitroprusydek sodu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprussiato_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Nitroprussiato de sódio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nitroprussiato de sódio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprusiat_de_sodiu" title="Nitroprusiat de sodiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nitroprusiat de sodiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_nitroprusid" title="Natrijum nitroprusid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Natrijum nitroprusid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_nitroprusid" title="Natrijum nitroprusid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Natrijum nitroprusid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitroprussidi" title="Nitroprussidi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nitroprussidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Натрій нітропрусид – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Натрій нітропрусид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_nitroprusside" title="Natri nitroprusside – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Natri nitroprusside" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E6%99%AE%E9%92%A0" title="硝普钠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硝普钠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27108300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sodium_nitroprusside" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sodium_nitroprusside" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&oldid=1213907950" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sodium_nitroprusside&id=1213907950&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSodium_nitroprusside"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSodium_nitroprusside"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sodium_nitroprusside" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27108300" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_Nitroprusside&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium Nitroprusside">Sodium Nitroprusside</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medication for lowering blood pressure</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Sodium nitroprusside">Sodium nitroprusside</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png/225px-Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png/338px-Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png/450px-Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg/300px-Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg/450px-Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg/600px-Sodium-nitroprusside-sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Molecular structure of this compound (top), and a picture of a sample (bottom).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nipride, Nitropress, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">SNP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sodium-nitroprusside.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <span title="www.accessdata.fda.gov"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.SearchAction&SearchTerm=Nitroprusside&SearchType=BasicSearch">Nitroprusside</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> C</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">Intravenous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C02" title="ATC code C02">C02DD01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C02DD01">WHO</a></span>) QC02DD01 (vet)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100% (intravenous)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">By haemoglobin being converted to cyanmethaemoglobin and cyanide ions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Onset_of_action" title="Onset of action">Onset of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data">nearly immediate<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><2 minutes (3 days for thiocyanate metabolite)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action" title="Pharmacodynamics">Duration of action</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 to 10 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a> (100%; as thiocyanate)<sup id="cite_ref-GG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">Sodium pentacyanidonitrosylferrate(III)</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13755-38-9">13755-38-9</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11953895">11953895</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00325">DB00325</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.21170789.html">21170789</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/EAO03PE1TC">EAO03PE1TC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL136478">ChEMBL136478</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7041126">DTXSID7041126</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27108300#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.119.126">100.119.126</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27108300#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>5</sub><span title="Iron">Fe</span><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>6</sub><span title="Sodium">Na</span><sub>2</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002261921000000000♠"></span>261.921</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BNa%2B%5D.%5BNa%2B%5D.O%3DN%5BFe--%5D%28C%23N%29%28C%23N%29%28C%23N%29%28C%23N%29C%23N">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.72 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100 mg/mL (20 °C)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[Na+].[Na+].O=N[Fe--](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/5CN.Fe.NO.2Na/c5*1-2;;1-2;;/q;;;;;2*-1;2*+1</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:FPWUWQVZUNFZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sodium nitroprusside</b> (<b>SNP</b>), sold under the brand name <b>Nitropress</b> among others, is a medication used to lower <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be done if the <a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_emergency" title="Hypertensive emergency">blood pressure is very high and resulting in symptoms</a>, in certain types of <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>, and during surgery to decrease <a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">bleeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used by <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_infusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous infusion">continuous injection into a vein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Onset is nearly immediate and effects last for up to ten minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medication">generic medication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects_and_mechanism">Side effects and mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Side effects and mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common side effects include <a href="/wiki/Low_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Low blood pressure">low blood pressure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyanide_toxicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanide toxicity">cyanide toxicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other serious side effects include <a href="/wiki/Methemoglobinemia" title="Methemoglobinemia">methemoglobinemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not generally recommended during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> due to concerns of side effects.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High doses are not recommended for more than ten minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It works by increasing <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> levels in the blood, which increases <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic guanosine monophosphate">cGMP</a> levels in cells, and causes <a href="/wiki/Dilation_of_blood_vessels" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilation of blood vessels">dilation of blood vessels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History,_society_and_culture"><span id="History.2C_society_and_culture"></span>History, society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History, society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside was discovered as early as 1850 and found to be useful in medicine in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodium nitroprusside is light sensitive, so it needs to be shielded from light to prevent degradation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside is <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenously</a> infused in cases of acute <a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertensive crises">hypertensive crises</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNF_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its effects are usually seen within a few minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-GG_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nitric oxide reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return, thus decreasing both <a href="/wiki/Preload_(cardiology)" title="Preload (cardiology)">preload</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afterload" title="Afterload">afterload</a>. So, it can be used in severe <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a> where this combination of effects can act to increase <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_output" title="Cardiac output">cardiac output</a>. In situations where cardiac output is normal, the effect is to reduce <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes also used to induce hypotension (to reduce bleeding) for surgical procedures (for which it is also <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration" title="Therapeutic Goods Administration">TGA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">MHRA</a> labelled).<sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNF_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMH_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMH-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The medication is extremely beneficial for use in medical patients because the effects of the medication will directly stop the second that it stops being infused. This is due to the metabolism of the drug, and the rapid inactivation to thiocyanate once conversion of the drug stops. </p><p>This compound has also been used as a treatment for <a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic valve stenosis">aortic valve stenosis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oesophageal_varices" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesophageal varices">oesophageal varices</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension" title="Pulmonary hypertension">pulmonary hypertension</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome" title="Infant respiratory distress syndrome">respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PD_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">shock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PD_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ergotism" title="Ergotism">ergot toxicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><big>Adverse effects by incidence and severity</big></b><sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSR_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSR-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Common</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradyarrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradyarrhythmia">Bradyarrhythmia</a> (low heart rate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotension" title="Hypotension">Hypotension</a> (low blood pressure)</li> <li>Palpitations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyarrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachyarrhythmia">Tachyarrhythmia</a> (high heart rate)</li> <li>Apprehension</li> <li>Restlessness</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Dizziness</li> <li>Headache</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnolence" title="Somnolence">Somnolence</a></li> <li>Rash</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Thyroid suppression</li> <li>Muscle twitch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliguria" title="Oliguria">Oliguria</a></li> <li>Renal <a href="/wiki/Azotemia" title="Azotemia">azotemia</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Unknown frequency</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Nausea</li> <li>Retching</li> <li>Anxiety</li> <li>Chest discomfort</li> <li>Paraesthesial warmth</li> <li>Abdominal pain</li> <li>Orthostatic hypotension</li> <li>ECG changes</li> <li>Skin irritation</li> <li>Flushing</li> <li>Injection site erythema</li> <li>Injection site streaking</li></ul> </div> <p><b>Serious</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">Ileus</a></li> <li>Reduced platelet aggregation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhage">Haemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increased_intracranial_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Increased intracranial pressure">Increased intracranial pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis" title="Metabolic acidosis">Metabolic acidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methaemoglobinaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Methaemoglobinaemia">Methaemoglobinaemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">Cyanide poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanate" title="Thiocyanate">Thiocyanate</a> toxicity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside should not be used for compensatory hypertension (e.g. due to an arteriovenous stent or coarctation of the aorta).<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should not be used in patients with inadequate cerebral circulation or in patients who are near death. It should not be used in patients with <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a> deficiency, anaemia, severe renal disease, or hypovolaemia.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients with conditions associated with a higher cyanide/thiocyanate ratio (e.g. congenital (Leber's) optic atrophy, tobacco amblyopia) should only be treated with sodium nitroprusside with great caution.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use in patients with acute congestive heart failure associated with reduced peripheral resistance is also not recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its use in hepatically impaired individuals is also not recommended, as is its use in cases of pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its use in pregnant women is advised against, although the available evidence suggests it may be safe, provided maternal pH and cyanide levels are closely monitored.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some evidence suggests sodium nitroprusside use in critically ill children may be safe, even without monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> level.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interactions">Interactions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only known drug interactions are <a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmacodynamic">pharmacodynamic</a> in nature, that is it is possible for other antihypertensive drugs to reduce the threshold for dangerous hypotensive effects to be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overdose">Overdose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overdose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its cyanogenic nature, overdose may be particularly dangerous. Treatment of sodium nitroprusside overdose includes the following:<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Discontinuing sodium nitroprusside administration</li> <li>Buffering the cyanide by using <a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">sodium nitrite</a> to convert haemoglobin to methaemoglobin as much as the patient can safely tolerate</li> <li>Infusing <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">sodium thiosulfate</a> to convert the cyanide to thiocyanate.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Haemodialysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemodialysis">Haemodialysis</a> is ineffective for removing cyanide from the body but it can be used to remove most of the thiocyanate produced from the above procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicology">Toxicology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Toxicology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cyanide can be detoxified by reaction with a <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>-donor such as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">thiosulfate</a>, catalysed by the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Rhodanese" title="Rhodanese">rhodanese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RXL_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RXL-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the absence of sufficient thiosulfate, cyanide ions can quickly reach toxic levels.<sup id="cite_ref-RXL_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RXL-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hydroxocobalamin" title="Hydroxocobalamin">Hydroxocobalamin</a> can be administered to reduce the risk of thiocyanate toxicity induced by nitroprusside.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Species</th> <th>LD<sub>50</sub> (mg/kg) for oral administration<sup id="cite_ref-MSDS_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>LD<sub>50</sub> (mg/kg) for <a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">IV</a> administration<sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>LD<sub>50</sub> (mg/kg) for skin administration<sup id="cite_ref-MSDS_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSDS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mouse</td> <td>43</td> <td>8.4</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rat</td> <td>300</td> <td>11.2</td> <td>>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rabbit</td> <td>?</td> <td>2.8</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dog</td> <td>?</td> <td>5</td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of its breakdown to nitric oxide (NO), sodium nitroprusside has potent <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilating</a> effects on <a href="/wiki/Arterioles" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterioles">arterioles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venule" title="Venule">venules</a> (arterial more than venous), whereas other nitrates exhibit more selectivity for veins (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(medication)" title="Nitroglycerin (medication)">nitroglycerin</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-DM_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DM-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TGA_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSR_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSR-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sodium nitroprusside breaks down in circulation to release <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> (NO).<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does this by binding to oxyhaemoglobin to release cyanide, methaemoglobin and nitric oxide.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NO activates <a href="/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase" title="Guanylate cyclase">guanylate cyclase</a> in vascular smooth muscle and increases intracellular production of <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic guanosine monophosphate">cGMP</a>. cGMP activates <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein kinase G">protein kinase G</a> which activates phosphatases which inactivate myosin light chains.<sup id="cite_ref-NO1986_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NO1986-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">Myosin</a> light chains are involved in smooth muscle contraction. The result is vascular smooth muscle relaxation, which allow vessels to dilate.<sup id="cite_ref-NO1986_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NO1986-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mechanism is similar to that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphodiesterase_5_(PDE5)_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor (page does not exist)">phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">sildenafil</a> (Viagra) and <a href="/wiki/Tadalafil" title="Tadalafil">tadalafil</a> (Cialis), which elevate cGMP concentration by inhibiting its degradation by PDE5.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A role for NO in various common psychiatric disorders including <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schiz_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depressive disorder</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dep_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dep-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been proposed and supported by several clinical findings. These findings may also implicate the potential of drugs that alter NO signalling such as SNP in their treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiz_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dep_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dep-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a role is also supported by the findings of the recent SNP clinical trial.<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_properties">Structure and properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Structure and properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/220px-Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/330px-Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png/440px-Sodium-nitroprusside-xtal-3D-balls-A.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Structure of sodium nitroprusside in the solid state, obtained by <a href="/wiki/Neutron_diffraction" title="Neutron diffraction">neutron diffraction</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/220px-Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/330px-Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png/440px-Nitroprusside-anion-from-xtal-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Space filling model of sodium nitroprusside</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitroprusside is an <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">inorganic compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> Na<sub>2</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO], usually encountered as the <a href="/wiki/Water_of_crystallization" title="Water of crystallization">dihydrate</a>, Na<sub>2</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO]·2H<sub>2</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This red-colored sodium salt dissolves in water or ethanol to give solutions containing the free <a href="/wiki/Coordination_complex" title="Coordination complex">complex</a> dianion [Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO]<sup>2−</sup>. </p><p>Nitroprusside is a complex <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> that features an <a href="/wiki/Octahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Octahedral molecular geometry">octahedral</a> iron(II) centre surrounded by five tightly bound <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> ligands and one linear <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> ligand (Fe-N-O angle = 176.2 °<sup id="cite_ref-navaza_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navaza-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The anion possesses idealized <a href="/wiki/Point_group" title="Point group"><i>C</i><sub>4v</sub>symmetry</a>. </p><p>Due to the linear Fe-N-O angle, the relatively short N-O distance of 113 pm<sup id="cite_ref-navaza_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navaza-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the relatively high stretching frequency of 1947 cm<sup>−1</sup>, the complex is formulated as containing an NO<sup>+</sup> ligand.<sup id="cite_ref-InorgChem_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InorgChem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, iron is assigned an oxidation state of 2+. The iron center has a diamagnetic <a href="/wiki/Crystal_field_theory" title="Crystal field theory">low-spin</a> d<sup>6</sup> electron configuration, although a paramagnetic long-lived metastable state has been observed by <a href="/wiki/EPR_spectroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="EPR spectroscopy">EPR spectroscopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chemical reactions of sodium nitroprusside are mainly associated with the NO ligand.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, addition of <a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">S<sup>2−</sup></a> ion to [Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>(NO)]<sup>2−</sup> produces the violet colour [Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>(NOS)]<sup>4−</sup> ion, which is the basis for a sensitive test for S<sup>2−</sup> ions. An analogous reaction also exists with OH<sup>−</sup> ions, giving [Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>(NO<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>4−</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-InorgChem_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InorgChem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_red_salt" title="Roussin's red salt">Roussin's red salt</a> (K<sub>2</sub>[Fe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>(NO)<sub>4</sub>]) and <a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_black_salt" title="Roussin's black salt">Roussin's black salt</a> (NaFe<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>(NO)<sub>7</sub>) are related iron nitrosyl complexes. The former was first prepared by treating nitroprusside with sulfur.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside can be synthesized by digesting a solution of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrocyanide" title="Potassium ferrocyanide">potassium ferrocyanide</a> in water with <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, followed by neutralization with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\ce {K4[Fe(CN)6] + 6 HNO3 -> H2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + NH4NO3 + 4 KNO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>HNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\ce {K4[Fe(CN)6] + 6 HNO3 -> H2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + NH4NO3 + 4 KNO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a63cdd7e432d159e3320beea41733371b5e9d5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:77.283ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\ce {K4[Fe(CN)6] + 6 HNO3 -> H2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + NH4NO3 + 4 KNO3}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\ce {H2[Fe(CN)5NO] + Na2CO3 -> Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\ce {H2[Fe(CN)5NO] + Na2CO3 -> Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9cc17d013ff3cdb27a1bb68787ad41bc85c0277" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:67.189ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\ce {H2[Fe(CN)5NO] + Na2CO3 -> Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] + CO2 + H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Alternatively, the nitrosyl ligand can be introduced using <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrite</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-InorgChem_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InorgChem-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\ce {[Fe(CN)6]^4- + H2O + NO_2^- -> [Fe(CN)5(NO)]^2- + CN- + 2OH-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>CN</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\ce {[Fe(CN)6]^4- + H2O + NO_2^- -> [Fe(CN)5(NO)]^2- + CN- + 2OH-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d3083964acaa6daec4f4a0963bf353be4a08794" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:67.952ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\ce {[Fe(CN)6]^4- + H2O + NO_2^- -> [Fe(CN)5(NO)]^2- + CN- + 2OH-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg/220px-Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg/330px-Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg/440px-Sodium_nitroprusside_M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sodium nitroprusside spectrum is used to calibrate Mössbauer spectrometers</figcaption></figure> <p>Sodium nitroprusside is often used as a reference compound for the calibration of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mössbauer spectrometer">Mössbauer spectrometers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbs_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbs-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodium nitroprusside crystals are also of interest for optical storage. For this application, sodium nitroprusside can be reversibly promoted to a metastable excited state by blue-green light, and de-excited by heat or red light.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In physiology research, sodium nitroprusside is frequently used to test endothelium-independent vasodilation. <a href="/wiki/Iontophoresis" title="Iontophoresis">Iontophoresis</a>, for example, allows local administration of the drug, preventing the systemic effects listed above but still inducing local microvascular vasodilation. Sodium nitroprusside is also used in microbiology, where it has been linked with the dispersal of <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Biofilm" title="Biofilm">biofilms</a> by acting as a nitric oxide donor.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analytical_reagent">Analytical reagent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Analytical reagent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside is also used as an analytical reagent under the name sodium nitroferricyanide for the detection of methyl <a href="/wiki/Ketone" title="Ketone">ketones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amines</a>, and thiols. It is also used as a catalyst in the quantitative determination of ammonia in water samples via the phenate method.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ketones">Ketones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ketones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nitroprusside reaction is used for the identification of ketones in urine testing.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodium nitroprusside was found to give a reaction with acetone or creatine under basic conditions in 1882. Rothera refined this method by the use of ammonia in place of sodium or potassium hydroxide. The reaction was now specific for methyl ketones. Addition of ammonium salts (e.g. ammonium sulfate) improved the sensitivity of the test, too.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this test, known as Rothera's test, methyl ketones (CH<sub>3</sub>C(=O)-) under alkaline conditions give bright red coloration (see also <a href="/wiki/Iodoform_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodoform test">iodoform test</a>). Rothera's test was initially applied to detecting <a href="/wiki/Ketonuria" title="Ketonuria">ketonuria</a> (a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>) in urine samples. This reaction is now exploited in the form of <a href="/wiki/Urine_test_strips" class="mw-redirect" title="Urine test strips">urine test strips</a> (e.g. "Ketostix").<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thiols_and_cysteine">Thiols and cysteine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Thiols and cysteine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>nitroprusside reaction</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_test" title="Chemical test">chemical test</a> used to detect the presence of <a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">thiol</a> groups of <a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">cysteine</a> in proteins. Proteins with the free thiol group give a red colour when added to a solution of sodium nitroprusside in <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_ammonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous ammonia">aqueous ammonia</a>. Some proteins test positive when denatured, indicating that thiol groups are liberated.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sodium nitroprusside is used in a separate urinalysis test known as the cyanide nitroprusside test or Brand's test. In this test, sodium cyanide is added first to urine and let stand for about 10 minutes. In this time, <a href="/wiki/Disulfide_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfide bond">disulfide bonds</a> will be broken by the released cyanide. The destruction of disulfide bonds liberates <a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">cysteine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cystine" title="Cystine">cystine</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Homocysteine" title="Homocysteine">homocysteine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Homocystine" title="Homocystine">homocystine</a>. Next, sodium nitroprusside is added to the solution and it reacts with the newly freed <a href="/wiki/Sulfhydryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfhydryl">sulfhydryl</a> groups. The test will turn a red/purple colour if the test is positive, indicating significant amounts of amino acids were in the urine (<a href="/wiki/Aminoaciduria" title="Aminoaciduria">aminoaciduria</a>). Cysteine, cystine, homocysteine, and homocystine all react when present in the urine when this test is performed. This test can indicate inborn errors of amino acid transporters such as <a href="/wiki/Cystinuria" title="Cystinuria">cystinuria</a>, which results from pathology in the transport of dibasic amino acids.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amines">Amines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Amines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside is also used to detect <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amines</a>, including those in illicit drugs. This compound is thus used as a stain to indicate amines in <a href="/wiki/Thin_layer_chromatography" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin layer chromatography">thin layer chromatography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodium nitroprusside is similarly used as a presumptive test for the presence of <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a> (amine-containing <a href="/wiki/Natural_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural products">natural products</a>) common in illicit substances.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The test, called <a href="/wiki/Simon%27s_reagent" title="Simon's reagent">Simon's test</a>, is performed by adding 1 volume of a solution of sodium nitroprusside and <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Deionized_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Deionized water">deionized water</a> to a suspected drug, followed by the addition of 2 volumes of an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous">aqueous</a> <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a> solution. The test turns blue for some <a href="/wiki/Secondary_amines" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary amines">secondary amines</a>. The most common secondary amines encountered in forensic chemistry include 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a>, the main component in ecstasy) and <a href="/wiki/Phenethylamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenethylamines">phenethylamines</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>. Sodium nitroprusside is also useful in the identification the <a href="/wiki/Mercaptan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercaptan">mercaptans</a> (thiol groups) in the nitroprusside reaction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sodium nitroprusside is primarily used as a vasodilator. It was first used in human medicine in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1955, data on its safety during short-term use in people with severe <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a> had become available.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, due to difficulties in its chemical preparation, it was not finally approved by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">US</a> FDA until 1974 for the treatment of severe hypertension.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1993, its popularity had grown such that total sales in the US had totalled <a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollar">US$</a>2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist1995_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/nitroprusside-rmb-nitroprusside-sxp-nitroprusside-tlb-southern-xp-ip-pty-ltd">"Nitroprusside Rmb, Nitroprusside Sxp, Nitroprusside Tlb (Southern XP IP Pty Ltd)"</a>. <i>Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)</i>. 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Nitroprusside+Rmb%2C+Nitroprusside+Sxp%2C+Nitroprusside+Tlb+%28Southern+XP+IP+Pty+Ltd%29&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fprescription-medicines-registrations%2Fnitroprusside-rmb-nitroprusside-sxp-nitroprusside-tlb-southern-xp-ip-pty-ltd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/sodium-nitroprusside-baxter-baxter-healthcare-pty-ltd">"Sodium nitroprusside Baxter (Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd)"</a>. <i>Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)</i>. 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+Goods+Administration+%28TGA%29&rft.atitle=Sodium+nitroprusside+Baxter+%28Baxter+Healthcare+Pty+Ltd%29&rft.date=2023-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tga.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fprescription-medicines-registrations%2Fsodium-nitroprusside-baxter-baxter-healthcare-pty-ltd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sodium-nitroprusside.html">"Sodium Nitroprusside"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221004712/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/sodium-nitroprusside.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sodium+Nitroprusside&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fsodium-nitroprusside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GG-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GG_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GG_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruntonChabnerKnollman2010" class="citation book cs1">Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B (2010). <a href="/wiki/Goodman_and_Gilman%27s_The_Pharmacological_Basis_of_Therapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics"><i>Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</i></a> (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-162442-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-162442-8"><bdi>978-0-07-162442-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goodman+and+Gilman%27s+The+Pharmacological+Basis+of+Therapeutics&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-07-162442-8&rft.aulast=Brunton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Chabner%2C+B&rft.au=Knollman%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports/first-generic-drug-approvals">"First Generic Drug Approvals"</a>. <i>U.S. Food and Drug Administration</i>. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.atitle=First+Generic+Drug+Approvals&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fdrug-and-biologic-approval-and-ind-activity-reports%2Ffirst-generic-drug-approvals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/nitroprusside.html">"Nitroprusside Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005738/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/nitroprusside.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Nitroprusside+Pregnancy+and+Breastfeeding+Warnings&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Fnitroprusside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2008_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). <i>WHO Model Formulary 2008</i>. World Health Organization. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F44053">10665/44053</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789241547659" title="Special:BookSources/9789241547659"><bdi>9789241547659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Model+Formulary+2008&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F44053&rft.isbn=9789241547659&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hist1995-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hist1995_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriederichButterworth1995" class="citation journal cs1">Friederich JA, Butterworth JF (July 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1213%2F00000539-199507000-00031">"Sodium nitroprusside: twenty years and counting"</a>. <i>Anesthesia and Analgesia</i>. <b>81</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_Williams_%26_Wilkins" title="Lippincott Williams & Wilkins">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</a>: 152–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1213%2F00000539-199507000-00031">10.1213/00000539-199507000-00031</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7598246">7598246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anesthesia+and+Analgesia&rft.atitle=Sodium+nitroprusside%3A+twenty+years+and+counting&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=152-162&rft.date=1995-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1213%2F00000539-199507000-00031&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7598246&rft.aulast=Friederich&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Butterworth%2C+JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1213%252F00000539-199507000-00031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholsGreeleyLappeUngerleider2006" class="citation book cs1">Nichols DG, Greeley WJ, Lappe DG, Ungerleider RM, Cameron DE, Spevak PJ, Wetzel RC (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pEpgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA192"><i>Critical Heart Disease in Infants and Children</i></a> (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323070072" title="Special:BookSources/9780323070072"><bdi>9780323070072</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Heart+Disease+in+Infants+and+Children&rft.pages=192&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780323070072&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=DG&rft.au=Greeley%2C+WJ&rft.au=Lappe%2C+DG&rft.au=Ungerleider%2C+RM&rft.au=Cameron%2C+DE&rft.au=Spevak%2C+PJ&rft.au=Wetzel%2C+RC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpEpgDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO21st-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO21st_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2019). <i>World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F325771">10665/325771</a></span>. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+21st+list+2019&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F325771&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO22nd-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO22nd_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2021). <i>World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F345533">10665/345533</a></span>. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+22nd+list+%282021%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F345533&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLip2007" class="citation book cs1">Lip G (2007). <i>Comprehensive Hypertension</i>. Mosby. pp. 761–774. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-03961-1.X5001-6">10.1016/B978-0-323-03961-1.X5001-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-03961-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-03961-1"><bdi>978-0-323-03961-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+Hypertension&rft.pages=761-774&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-03961-1.X5001-6&rft.isbn=978-0-323-03961-1&rft.aulast=Lip&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DM-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DM_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013703/http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6a44bcac-a0e1-4069-5691-db7b83dbb4b7">"NITROPRESS (sodium nitroprusside) injection, solution, concentrate"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hospira" title="Hospira">Hospira</a>. January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=6a44bcac-a0e1-4069-5691-db7b83dbb4b7">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=NITROPRESS+%28sodium+nitroprusside%29+injection%2C+solution%2C+concentrate&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2Flookup.cfm%3Fsetid%3D6a44bcac-a0e1-4069-5691-db7b83dbb4b7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNF-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNF_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNF_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoint_Formulary_Committee2013" class="citation book cs1">Joint Formulary Committee (2013). <i>British National Formulary (BNF)</i> (65th ed.). London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85711-084-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85711-084-8"><bdi>978-0-85711-084-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+National+Formulary+%28BNF%29&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=65th&rft.pub=Pharmaceutical+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-85711-084-8&rft.au=Joint+Formulary+Committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TGA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGA_15-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04026-3">"DBL® SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE FOR INJECTION BP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TGA eBusiness Services</i>. Hospira Australia Pty Ltd. 22 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910175429/https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04026-3">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TGA+eBusiness+Services&rft.atitle=DBL%C2%AE+SODIUM+NITROPRUSSIDE+FOR+INJECTION+BP&rft.date=2010-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebs.tga.gov.au%2Febs%2Fpicmi%2Fpicmirepository.nsf%2Fpdf%3FOpenAgent%26id%3DCP-2010-PI-04026-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMH-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMH_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossi2013" class="citation book cs1">Rossi S, ed. (2013). <i>Australian Medicines Handbook</i> (2013 ed.). Adelaide: The Australian Medicines Handbook Unit Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9805790-9-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9805790-9-3"><bdi>978-0-9805790-9-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Medicines+Handbook&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.edition=2013&rft.pub=The+Australian+Medicines+Handbook+Unit+Trust&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-9805790-9-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkramLowCrozierShirlaw1992" class="citation journal cs1">Ikram H, Low CJ, Crozier IG, Shirlaw T (February 1992). "Hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside on valvular aortic stenosis". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Cardiology" title="The American Journal of Cardiology">Am. J. Cardiol.</a></i> <b>69</b> (4): 361–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9149%2892%2990234-P">10.1016/0002-9149(92)90234-P</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1734649">1734649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Cardiol.&rft.atitle=Hemodynamic+effects+of+nitroprusside+on+valvular+aortic+stenosis&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=361-366&rft.date=1992-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0002-9149%2892%2990234-P&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1734649&rft.aulast=Ikram&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Low%2C+CJ&rft.au=Crozier%2C+IG&rft.au=Shirlaw%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirinekAdcockLevine1989" class="citation journal cs1">Sirinek KR, Adcock DK, Levine BA (January 1989). "Simultaneous infusion of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside to offset adverse effects of vasopressin during portosystemic shunting". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Surgery">Am. J. Surg.</a></i> <b>157</b> (1): 33–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9610%2889%2990416-9">10.1016/0002-9610(89)90416-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2491934">2491934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Surg.&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+infusion+of+nitroglycerin+and+nitroprusside+to+offset+adverse+effects+of+vasopressin+during+portosystemic+shunting&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-37&rft.date=1989-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0002-9610%2889%2990416-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2491934&rft.aulast=Sirinek&rft.aufirst=KR&rft.au=Adcock%2C+DK&rft.au=Levine%2C+BA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusufCollinsMacMahonPeto1988" class="citation journal cs1">Yusuf S, Collins R, MacMahon S, Peto R (May 1988). "Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomised trials". <i><a href="/wiki/Lancet_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancet (journal)">Lancet</a></i>. <b>331</b> (8594): 1088–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2888%2991906-X">10.1016/S0140-6736(88)91906-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2896919">2896919</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27098017">27098017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intravenous+nitrates+on+mortality+in+acute+myocardial+infarction%3A+an+overview+of+the+randomised+trials&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=8594&rft.pages=1088-92&rft.date=1988-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27098017%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2896919&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2888%2991906-X&rft.aulast=Yusuf&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Collins%2C+R&rft.au=MacMahon%2C+S&rft.au=Peto%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostard-JäckleFowler1992" class="citation journal cs1">Costard-Jäckle A, Fowler MB (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0735-1097%2892%2990050-W">"Influence of preoperative pulmonary artery pressure on mortality after heart transplantation: testing of potential reversibility of pulmonary hypertension with nitroprusside is useful in defining a high risk group"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_College_of_Cardiology" title="Journal of the American College of Cardiology">J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.</a></i> <b>19</b> (1): 48–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0735-1097%2892%2990050-W">10.1016/0735-1097(92)90050-W</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1729345">1729345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Coll.+Cardiol.&rft.atitle=Influence+of+preoperative+pulmonary+artery+pressure+on+mortality+after+heart+transplantation%3A+testing+of+potential+reversibility+of+pulmonary+hypertension+with+nitroprusside+is+useful+in+defining+a+high+risk+group&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-54&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0735-1097%2892%2990050-W&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1729345&rft.aulast=Costard-J%C3%A4ckle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Fowler%2C+MB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0735-1097%252892%252990050-W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnappGmeiner1977" class="citation journal cs1">Knapp E, Gmeiner R (February 1977). "Reduction of pulmonary hypertension by nitroprusside". <i>International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmacy</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 75–80. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/885667">885667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology+and+Biopharmacy&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+pulmonary+hypertension+by+nitroprusside&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75-80&rft.date=1977-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F885667&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Gmeiner%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreitasBacalOliveira_Júnior_JdeFiorelli2012" class="citation journal cs1">Freitas AF Jr, Bacal F, Oliveira Júnior Jde L, Fiorelli AI, et al. (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0066-782X2012005000076">"Sildenafil vs. sodium before nitroprusside for the pulmonary hypertension reversibility test before cardiac transplantation"</a>. <i>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</i>. <b>99</b> (3): 848–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0066-782X2012005000076">10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000076</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22898992">22898992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arquivos+Brasileiros+de+Cardiologia&rft.atitle=Sildenafil+vs.+sodium+before+nitroprusside+for+the+pulmonary+hypertension+reversibility+test+before+cardiac+transplantation&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=848-56&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0066-782X2012005000076&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22898992&rft.aulast=Freitas&rft.aufirst=AF+Jr&rft.au=Bacal%2C+F&rft.au=Oliveira+J%C3%BAnior+Jde%2C+L&rft.au=Fiorelli%2C+AI&rft.au=Santos%2C+RH&rft.au=Moreira%2C+LF&rft.au=Silva%2C+CP&rft.au=Mangini%2C+S&rft.au=Tsutsui%2C+JM&rft.au=Bocchi%2C+EA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS0066-782X2012005000076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalharesFigueiredoMoura1998" class="citation journal cs1">Palhares DB, Figueiredo CS, Moura AJ (January 1998). "Endotracheal inhalatory sodium nitroprusside in severely hypoxic newborns". <i>Journal of Perinatal Medicine</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 219–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjpme.1998.26.3.219">10.1515/jpme.1998.26.3.219</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773383">9773383</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31630912">31630912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Perinatal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Endotracheal+inhalatory+sodium+nitroprusside+in+severely+hypoxic+newborns&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=219-224&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31630912%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9773383&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fjpme.1998.26.3.219&rft.aulast=Palhares&rft.aufirst=DB&rft.au=Figueiredo%2C+CS&rft.au=Moura%2C+AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PD-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenitzMalachowskiCohenStevenson1985" class="citation journal cs1">Benitz WE, Malachowski N, Cohen RS, Stevenson DK, Ariagno RL, Sunshine P (January 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(85)80477-7/pdf">"Use of sodium nitroprusside in neonates: efficacy and safety"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Pediatrics" title="The Journal of Pediatrics">J. Pediatr.</a></i> <b>106</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Mosby" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Mosby">Elsevier Mosby</a>: 102–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2885%2980477-7">10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80477-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3917495">3917495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Pediatr.&rft.atitle=Use+of+sodium+nitroprusside+in+neonates%3A+efficacy+and+safety&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102-110&rft.date=1985-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-3476%2885%2980477-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3917495&rft.aulast=Benitz&rft.aufirst=WE&rft.au=Malachowski%2C+N&rft.au=Cohen%2C+RS&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+DK&rft.au=Ariagno%2C+RL&rft.au=Sunshine%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpeds.com%2Farticle%2FS0022-3476%2885%2980477-7%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerhoffPorter1974" class="citation journal cs1">Merhoff GC, Porter JM (November 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343691">"Ergot intoxication: historical review and description of unusual clinical manifestations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Surgery" title="Annals of Surgery">Ann. Surg.</a></i> <b>180</b> (5): 773–779. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00000658-197411000-00011">10.1097/00000658-197411000-00011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1343691">1343691</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4371616">4371616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann.+Surg.&rft.atitle=Ergot+intoxication%3A+historical+review+and+description+of+unusual+clinical+manifestations&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=773-779&rft.date=1974-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1343691%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4371616&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00000658-197411000-00011&rft.aulast=Merhoff&rft.aufirst=GC&rft.au=Porter%2C+JM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1343691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSR-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSR_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSR_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.medscape.com/drug/nipride-nitropress-nitroprusside-sodium-342312">"Nipride RTU, Nitropress (nitroprusside sodium) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"</a>. <i>Medscape Reference</i>. WebMD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001417/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/nipride-nitropress-nitroprusside-sodium-342312">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape+Reference&rft.atitle=Nipride+RTU%2C+Nitropress+%28nitroprusside+sodium%29+dosing%2C+indications%2C+interactions%2C+adverse+effects%2C+and+more&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.medscape.com%2Fdrug%2Fnipride-nitropress-nitroprusside-sodium-342312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSassItamotoSilvaTorloni2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sass N, Itamoto CH, Silva MP, Torloni MR, et al. (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1516-31802007000200008">"Does sodium nitroprusside kill babies? A systematic review"</a>. <i>Sao Paulo Medical Journal</i>. <b>125</b> (2): 108–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1516-31802007000200008">10.1590/S1516-31802007000200008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17625709">17625709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sao+Paulo+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Does+sodium+nitroprusside+kill+babies%3F+A+systematic+review&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=108-111&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS1516-31802007000200008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17625709&rft.aulast=Sass&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Itamoto%2C+CH&rft.au=Silva%2C+MP&rft.au=Torloni%2C+MR&rft.au=Atallah%2C+AN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS1516-31802007000200008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasSvehlaMoffett2009" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas C, Svehla L, Moffett BS (September 2009). "Sodium nitroprusside induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients". <i><a href="/wiki/Expert_Opinion_on_Drug_Safety" title="Expert Opinion on Drug Safety">Expert Opinion on Drug Safety</a></i>. <b>8</b> (5): 599–602. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1517%2F14740330903081717">10.1517/14740330903081717</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19645589">19645589</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5334690">5334690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Opinion+on+Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=Sodium+nitroprusside+induced+cyanide+toxicity+in+pediatric+patients&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=599-602&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5334690%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19645589&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1517%2F14740330903081717&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Svehla%2C+L&rft.au=Moffett%2C+BS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRindoneSloane1992" class="citation journal cs1">Rindone JP, Sloane EP (April 1992). "Cyanide toxicity from sodium nitroprusside: Risks and management". <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Pharmacotherapy" title="Annals of Pharmacotherapy">Ann. Pharmacother.</a></i> <b>26</b> (4): 515–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F106002809202600413">10.1177/106002809202600413</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1533553">1533553</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35273460">35273460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann.+Pharmacother.&rft.atitle=Cyanide+toxicity+from+sodium+nitroprusside%3A+Risks+and+management&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=515-519&rft.date=1992-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A35273460%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1533553&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F106002809202600413&rft.aulast=Rindone&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Sloane%2C+EP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RXL-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RXL_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RXL_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rxlist.com/nitropress-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm">"Nitropress (Nitroprusside Sodium) Drug Information: Clinical Pharmacology – Prescribing Information"</a>. <i>RxList</i>. RxList Inc. 4 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421234044/http://www.rxlist.com/nitropress-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RxList&rft.atitle=Nitropress+%28Nitroprusside+Sodium%29+Drug+Information%3A+Clinical+Pharmacology+%E2%80%93+Prescribing+Information&rft.date=2009-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rxlist.com%2Fnitropress-drug%2Fclinical-pharmacology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerbeWagner1993" class="citation journal cs1">Zerbe NF, Wagner BK (March 1993). "Use of vitamin B12 in the treatment and prevention of nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity". <i>Critical Care Medicine</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 465–467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00003246-199303000-00027">10.1097/00003246-199303000-00027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8440119">8440119</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43866386">43866386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Use+of+vitamin+B12+in+the+treatment+and+prevention+of+nitroprusside-induced+cyanide+toxicity&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=465-467&rft.date=1993-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43866386%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8440119&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00003246-199303000-00027&rft.aulast=Zerbe&rft.aufirst=NF&rft.au=Wagner%2C+BK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSDS-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSDS_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSDS_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qorpak.com/msds/375452.pdf">"Material Safety Data Sheet Sodium nitroprusside, ACS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Qorpak</i>. Berlin Packaging. 1 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083600/http://www.qorpak.com/msds/375452.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qorpak&rft.atitle=Material+Safety+Data+Sheet+Sodium+nitroprusside%2C+ACS&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qorpak.com%2Fmsds%2F375452.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=4618">"Nitropress- sodium nitroprusside injection, solution, concentrate"</a>. <i>labeling.pfizer.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=labeling.pfizer.com&rft.atitle=Nitropress-+sodium+nitroprusside+injection%2C+solution%2C+concentrate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flabeling.pfizer.com%2FShowLabeling.aspx%3Fid%3D4618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NO1986-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NO1986_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NO1986_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurad1986" class="citation journal cs1">Murad F (July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329522">"Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate as a Mediator of Vasodilation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Clinical_Investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Clinical Investigation">J. Clin. Investig.</a></i> <b>78</b> (1): 1–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI112536">10.1172/JCI112536</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329522">329522</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2873150">2873150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Clin.+Investig.&rft.atitle=Cyclic+Guanosine+Monophosphate+as+a+Mediator+of+Vasodilation&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=1986-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC329522%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2873150&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI112536&rft.aulast=Murad&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC329522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKukrejaSalloumDas2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kukreja RC, Salloum FN, Das A (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230443">"Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Cardioprotection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_College_of_Cardiology" title="Journal of the American College of Cardiology">Journal of the American College of Cardiology</a></i>. <b>59</b> (22): 1921–1927. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2011.09.086">10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.086</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230443">4230443</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22624832">22624832</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology&rft.atitle=Cyclic+Guanosine+Monophosphate+Signaling+and+Phosphodiesterase-5+Inhibitors+in+Cardioprotection&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=1921-1927&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4230443%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22624832&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2011.09.086&rft.aulast=Kukreja&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Salloum%2C+FN&rft.au=Das%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4230443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsteinBogertsKeilhoff2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Keilhoff G (October 2005). "The many faces of nitric oxide in schizophrenia. A review". <i><a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia_Research" title="Schizophrenia Research">Schizophrenia Research</a></i>. <b>78</b> (1): 69–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.schres.2005.05.019">10.1016/j.schres.2005.05.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16005189">16005189</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42764954">42764954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schizophrenia+Research&rft.atitle=The+many+faces+of+nitric+oxide+in+schizophrenia.+A+review&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-86&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42764954%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16005189&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.schres.2005.05.019&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=HG&rft.au=Bogerts%2C+B&rft.au=Keilhoff%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberbergBen-ShacharNavon2010" class="citation journal cs1">Silberberg G, Ben-Shachar D, Navon R (October 2010). "Genetic analysis of nitric oxide synthase 1 variants in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder". <i><a href="/wiki/Am._J._Med._Genet._B" class="mw-redirect" title="Am. J. Med. Genet. B">Am. J. Med. Genet. B</a></i>. <b>153B</b> (7): 1318–1328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.31112">10.1002/ajmg.b.31112</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20645313">20645313</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205325558">205325558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Med.+Genet.+B&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+of+nitric+oxide+synthase+1+variants+in+schizophrenia+and+bipolar+disorder&rft.volume=153B&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1318-1328&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205325558%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20645313&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajmg.b.31112&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Ben-Shachar%2C+D&rft.au=Navon%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schiz-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schiz_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schiz_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsteinKeilhoffSteinerDobrowolny2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Steiner J, Dobrowolny H, et al. (November 2011). "Nitric oxide and schizophrenia: present knowledge and emerging concepts of therapy". <i>CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets</i>. <b>10</b> (7): 792–807. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F187152711798072392">10.2174/187152711798072392</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21999729">21999729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNS+%26+Neurological+Disorders+Drug+Targets&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+and+schizophrenia%3A+present+knowledge+and+emerging+concepts+of+therapy&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=792-807&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F187152711798072392&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21999729&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=HG&rft.au=Keilhoff%2C+G&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J&rft.au=Dobrowolny%2C+H&rft.au=Bogerts%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle2013" class="citation journal cs1">Coyle JT (July 2013). "Nitric Oxide and Symptom Reduction in Schizophrenia". <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_Psychiatry" title="JAMA Psychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a></i>. <b>70</b> (7): 664–665. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2013.210">10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.210</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23699799">23699799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Nitric+Oxide+and+Symptom+Reduction+in+Schizophrenia&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=664-665&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2013.210&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23699799&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=JT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanikVuralTutkunZoroğlu2004" class="citation journal cs1">Yanik M, Vural H, Tutkun H, Zoroğlu SS, et al. (February 2004). "The role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the pathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder". <i><a href="/wiki/European_Archives_of_Psychiatry_and_Clinical_Neuroscience" title="European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience">European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience</a></i>. <b>254</b> (1): 43–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00406-004-0453-x">10.1007/s00406-004-0453-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14991378">14991378</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24592011">24592011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Archives+of+Psychiatry+and+Clinical+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+arginine-nitric+oxide+pathway+in+the+pathogenesis+of+bipolar+affective+disorder&rft.volume=254&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-47&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24592011%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14991378&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00406-004-0453-x&rft.aulast=Yanik&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Vural%2C+H&rft.au=Tutkun%2C+H&rft.au=Zoro%C4%9Flu%2C+SS&rft.au=Sava%C5%9F%2C+HA&rft.au=Herken%2C+H&rft.au=Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit%2C+A&rft.au=Kele%C5%9F%2C+H&rft.au=Akyol%2C+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontouraPintoMatsuuraResende_Ade2012" class="citation journal cs1">Fontoura PC, Pinto VL, Matsuura C, Resende Ade C, et al. (October 2012). "Defective Nitric Oxide–Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Potential Role for Platelet Dysfunction". <i><a href="/wiki/Psychosomatic_Medicine_(journal)" title="Psychosomatic Medicine (journal)">Psychosom. Med.</a></i> <b>74</b> (8): 873–877. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FPSY.0b013e3182689460">10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182689460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23023680">23023680</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37347633">37347633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychosom.+Med.&rft.atitle=Defective+Nitric+Oxide%E2%80%93Cyclic+Guanosine+Monophosphate+Signaling+in+Patients+With+Bipolar+Disorder%3A+A+Potential+Role+for+Platelet+Dysfunction&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=873-877&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37347633%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23023680&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FPSY.0b013e3182689460&rft.aulast=Fontoura&rft.aufirst=PC&rft.au=Pinto%2C+VL&rft.au=Matsuura%2C+C&rft.au=Resende+Ade%2C+C&rft.au=de+Bem%2C+GF&rft.au=Ferraz%2C+MR&rft.au=Cheniaux%2C+E&rft.au=Brunini%2C+TM&rft.au=Mendes-Ribeiro%2C+AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBielauBrischBernard-MittelstaedtDobrowolny2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bielau H, Brisch R, Bernard-Mittelstaedt J, Dobrowolny H, et al. (June 2012). "Immunohistochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide signaling of the locus coeruleus in bipolar disorder". <i><a href="/wiki/Brain_Research" title="Brain Research">Brain Research</a></i>. <b>1459</b>: 91–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2012.04.022">10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22560594">22560594</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25790297">25790297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Immunohistochemical+evidence+for+impaired+nitric+oxide+signaling+of+the+locus+coeruleus+in+bipolar+disorder&rft.volume=1459&rft.pages=91-99&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25790297%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22560594&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2012.04.022&rft.aulast=Bielau&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Brisch%2C+R&rft.au=Bernard-Mittelstaedt%2C+J&rft.au=Dobrowolny%2C+H&rft.au=Gos%2C+T&rft.au=Baumann%2C+B&rft.au=Mawrin%2C+C&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+HG&rft.au=Bogerts%2C+B&rft.au=Steiner%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGałeckiMaesFlorkowskiLewiński2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gałecki P, Maes M, Florkowski A, Lewiński A, Gałecka E, Bieńkiewicz M, Szemraj J (March 2011). "Association between inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and recurrent depressive disorder". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Affective_Disorders" title="Journal of Affective Disorders">Journal of Affective Disorders</a></i>. <b>129</b> (1–3): 175–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jad.2010.09.005">10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20888049">20888049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Affective+Disorders&rft.atitle=Association+between+inducible+and+neuronal+nitric+oxide+synthase+polymorphisms+and+recurrent+depressive+disorder&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=175-82&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jad.2010.09.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20888049&rft.aulast=Ga%C5%82ecki&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Maes%2C+M&rft.au=Florkowski%2C+A&rft.au=Lewi%C5%84ski%2C+A&rft.au=Ga%C5%82ecka%2C+E&rft.au=Bie%C5%84kiewicz%2C+M&rft.au=Szemraj%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dep-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dep_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dep_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhirKulkarni2011" class="citation journal cs1">Dhir A, Kulkarni SK (April 2011). "Nitric oxide and major depression". <i><a href="/wiki/Nitric_Oxide_(journal)" title="Nitric Oxide (journal)">Nitric Oxide</a></i>. <b>24</b> (3): 125–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.niox.2011.02.002">10.1016/j.niox.2011.02.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21335097">21335097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nitric+Oxide&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+and+major+depression&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=125-131&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.niox.2011.02.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21335097&rft.aulast=Dhir&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Kulkarni%2C+SK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavaşHerkenYürekliUz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Savaş HA, Herken H, Yürekli M, Uz E, et al. (2002). "Possible role of nitric oxide and adrenomedullin in bipolar affective disorder". <i><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychobiology" title="Neuropsychobiology">Neuropsychobiology</a></i>. <b>45</b> (2): 57–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000048677">10.1159/000048677</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11893860">11893860</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7505572">7505572</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychobiology&rft.atitle=Possible+role+of+nitric+oxide+and+adrenomedullin+in+bipolar+affective+disorder&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=57-61&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7505572%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11893860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000048677&rft.aulast=Sava%C5%9F&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.au=Herken%2C+H&rft.au=Y%C3%BCrekli%2C+M&rft.au=Uz%2C+E&rft.au=Tutkun%2C+H&rft.au=Zoro%C4%9Flu%2C+SS&rft.au=Ozen%2C+ME&rft.au=Cengiz%2C+B&rft.au=Akyol%2C+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SZ-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SZ_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallakMaia-de-OliveiraAbraoEvora2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hallak JE, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Abrao J, Evora PR, et al. (8 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2013.1292">"Rapid improvement of acute schizophrenia symptoms after intravenous sodium nitroprusside: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"</a>. <i>JAMA Psychiatry</i>. <b>70</b> (7): E3–E5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2013.1292">10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1292</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23699763">23699763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Rapid+improvement+of+acute+schizophrenia+symptoms+after+intravenous+sodium+nitroprusside%3A+A+randomized%2C+double-blind%2C+placebo-controlled+trial&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=E3-E5&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamapsychiatry.2013.1292&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23699763&rft.aulast=Hallak&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.au=Maia-de-Oliveira%2C+JP&rft.au=Abrao%2C+J&rft.au=Evora%2C+PR&rft.au=Zuardi%2C+AW&rft.au=Crippa%2C+JA&rft.au=Belmonte-de-Abreu%2C+P&rft.au=Baker%2C+GB&rft.au=Dursun%2C+SM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1001%252Fjamapsychiatry.2013.1292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerMegson2002" class="citation journal cs1">Butler AR, Megson IL (2002). "Non-Heme Iron Nitrosyls in Biology". <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chem. Rev.</a></i> <b>102</b> (4): 1155–1165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr000076d">10.1021/cr000076d</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942790">11942790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Non-Heme+Iron+Nitrosyls+in+Biology&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1155-1165&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr000076d&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11942790&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=AR&rft.au=Megson%2C+IL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navaza-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navaza_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navaza_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavazaChevrierAlzariAymonino1989" class="citation journal cs1">Navaza A, Chevrier G, Alzari PM, Aymonino PJ (1989). "Single-crystal neutron diffraction structure of sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate(2-) (sodium nitroprusside) dihydrate". <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Crystallographica#Acta_Crystallographica_Section_C:_Structural_Chemistry" title="Acta Crystallographica">Acta Crystallogr. C</a></i>. <b>45</b> (6): 839–841. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989AcCrC..45..839N">1989AcCrC..45..839N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0108270188013691">10.1107/S0108270188013691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallogr.+C&rft.atitle=Single-crystal+neutron+diffraction+structure+of+sodium+pentacyanonitrosylferrate%282-%29+%28sodium+nitroprusside%29+dihydrate&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=839-841&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1107%2FS0108270188013691&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989AcCrC..45..839N&rft.aulast=Navaza&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Chevrier%2C+G&rft.au=Alzari%2C+PM&rft.au=Aymonino%2C+PJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InorgChem-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InorgChem_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InorgChem_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InorgChem_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousecroftSharpe2008" class="citation book cs1">Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2008). "Chapter 22: d-Block metal chemistry: the first row metals". <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i> (3rd ed.). Pearson. p. 721. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-175553-6"><bdi>978-0-13-175553-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+22%3A+d-Block+metal+chemistry%3A+the+first+row+metals&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=721&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-13-175553-6&rft.aulast=Housecroft&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+AG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTritt-GocPiślewskiHoffmann1997" class="citation journal cs1">Tritt-Goc J, Piślewski N, Hoffmann SK (1997). "EPR evidence of the paramagnetism of a long-living metastable excited state of a sodium nitroprusside single crystal". <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Physics_Letters" title="Chemical Physics Letters">Chemical Physics Letters</a></i>. <b>268</b> (5–6): 471–474. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997CPL...268..471T">1997CPL...268..471T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0009-2614%2897%2900217-0">10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00217-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Physics+Letters&rft.atitle=EPR+evidence+of+the+paramagnetism+of+a+long-living+metastable+excited+state+of+a+sodium+nitroprusside+single+crystal&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=471-474&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0009-2614%2897%2900217-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997CPL...268..471T&rft.aulast=Tritt-Goc&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Pi%C5%9Blewski%2C+N&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+SK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppensNovozhilovaKovalevsky2002" class="citation journal cs1">Coppens P, Novozhilova I, Kovalevsky A (2002). "Photoinduced Linkage Isomers of Transition-Metal Nitrosyl Compounds and Related Complexes". <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></i>. <b>102</b> (4): 861–883. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr000031c">10.1021/cr000031c</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942781">11942781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+Linkage+Isomers+of+Transition-Metal+Nitrosyl+Compounds+and+Related+Complexes&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=861-883&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr000031c&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11942781&rft.aulast=Coppens&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Novozhilova%2C+I&rft.au=Kovalevsky%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReihlenvon_Friedolsheim1927" class="citation journal cs1">Reihlen H, von Friedolsheim A (1927). "Über komplexe Stickoxydverbindungen und das sogenannte einwertige Eisen". <i><a href="/wiki/Justus_Liebigs_Annalen_der_Chemie" class="mw-redirect" title="Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie">Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie</a></i>. <b>457</b>: 71–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjlac.19274570103">10.1002/jlac.19274570103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Justus+Liebigs+Annalen+der+Chemie&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+komplexe+Stickoxydverbindungen+und+das+sogenannte+einwertige+Eisen&rft.volume=457&rft.pages=71-82&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjlac.19274570103&rft.aulast=Reihlen&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=von+Friedolsheim%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrauer1963" class="citation book cs1">Brauer G, ed. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Handbook_of_Preparative_Inorganic_Chemistry_1_2_Brauer/page/n1813">"Sodium Nitrosyl Cyanoferrate"</a>. <i>Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry</i>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press. p. 1768. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/63014307">63014307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sodium+Nitrosyl+Cyanoferrate&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Preparative+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1768&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F63014307&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHandbook_of_Preparative_Inorganic_Chemistry_1_2_Brauer%2Fpage%2Fn1813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbs-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbs_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpijkermanSnedikerRueggDeVoe" class="citation book cs1">Spijkerman JJ, Snediker DK, Ruegg FC, DeVoe JR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/srm/upload/SP260-13-2.PDF"><i>NBS Misc. Publ. 260-13: Mossbauer Spectroscopy Standard for the Chemical Shift of Iron Compounds</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073048/http://www.nist.gov/srm/upload/SP260-13-2.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NBS+Misc.+Publ.+260-13%3A+Mossbauer+Spectroscopy+Standard+for+the+Chemical+Shift+of+Iron+Compounds&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.aulast=Spijkerman&rft.aufirst=JJ&rft.au=Snediker%2C+DK&rft.au=Ruegg%2C+FC&rft.au=DeVoe%2C+JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fsrm%2Fupload%2FSP260-13-2.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoikeKrasserBechtholdHaussühl1984" class="citation journal cs1">Woike T, Krasser W, Bechthold PS, Haussühl S (1984). "Extremely Long-Living Metastable State of Na<sub>2</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>5</sub>NO]·2H<sub>2</sub>O Single Crystals: Optical". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a></i>. <b>53</b> (18): 1767–1770. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984PhRvL..53.1767W">1984PhRvL..53.1767W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.53.1767">10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Extremely+Long-Living+Metastable+State+of+Na%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%5BFe%28CN%29%3Csub%3E5%3C%2Fsub%3ENO%5D%26middot%3B2H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO+Single+Crystals%3A+Optical&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1767-1770&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.53.1767&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984PhRvL..53.1767W&rft.aulast=Woike&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Krasser%2C+W&rft.au=Bechthold%2C+PS&rft.au=Hauss%C3%BChl%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarraudHassettHwangRice2006" class="citation journal cs1">Barraud N, Hassett DJ, Hwang SH, Rice SA, et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636254">"Involvement of nitric oxide in biofilm dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Bacteriology" title="Journal of Bacteriology">Journal of Bacteriology</a></i>. <b>188</b> (21): 7344–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJB.00779-06">10.1128/JB.00779-06</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636254">1636254</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17050922">17050922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Involvement+of+nitric+oxide+in+biofilm+dispersal+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=7344-53&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636254%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17050922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJB.00779-06&rft.aulast=Barraud&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Hassett%2C+DJ&rft.au=Hwang%2C+SH&rft.au=Rice%2C+SA&rft.au=Kjelleberg%2C+S&rft.au=Webb%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChuaLiuYam_JKHTolker-Nielsen2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chua SL, Liu Y, Yam JKH, Tolker-Nielsen T, et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms5462">"Dispersed cells represent a distinct stage in the transition from bacterial biofilm to planktonic lifestyles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i>. <b>5</b>: 4462. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCo...5.4462C">2014NatCo...5.4462C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms5462">10.1038/ncomms5462</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25042103">25042103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Dispersed+cells+represent+a+distinct+stage+in+the+transition+from+bacterial+biofilm+to+planktonic+lifestyles&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=4462&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25042103&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms5462&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NatCo...5.4462C&rft.aulast=Chua&rft.aufirst=SL&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y&rft.au=Yam+JKH&rft.au=Tolker-Nielsen%2C+T&rft.au=Kjelleberg%2C+S&rft.au=Givskov%2C+M&rft.au=Yang%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fncomms5462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiceBridgewaterEaston2017" class="citation book cs1">Rice EW, Bridgewater L, Easton AD, eds. (2017). <i>Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater</i>. American Public Health Association. pp. 4500-NH3 F., 4–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87553-287-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87553-287-5"><bdi>978-0-87553-287-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Methods+for+the+Examination+of+Water+and+Wastewater&rft.pages=4500-NH3+F.%2C+4-114&rft.pub=American+Public+Health+Association&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-87553-287-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanekoHarveyBruss2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=spsD4WQbL0QC&pg=PA98"><i>Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals</i></a> (6th ed.). Academic Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080568829" title="Special:BookSources/9780080568829"><bdi>9780080568829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+Biochemistry+of+Domestic+Animals&rft.pages=98&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780080568829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DspsD4WQbL0QC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothera1908" class="citation journal cs1">Rothera AC (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533603">"Note on the sodium nitro-prusside reaction for acetone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physiology" title="The Journal of Physiology">J. Physiol. (Lond.)</a></i>. <b>37</b> (5–6): 491–494. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1908.sp001285">10.1113/jphysiol.1908.sp001285</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533603">1533603</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16992945">16992945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Physiol.+%28Lond.%29&rft.atitle=Note+on+the+sodium+nitro-prusside+reaction+for+acetone&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=491-494&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1533603%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16992945&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1908.sp001285&rft.aulast=Rothera&rft.aufirst=AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1533603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComstockGarber1990" class="citation book cs1">Comstock JP, Garber AJ (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK247/">"Chapter 140. Ketonuria"</a>. In Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (eds.). <i>Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations</i> (3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780409900774" title="Special:BookSources/9780409900774"><bdi>9780409900774</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21250091">21250091</a> – via NCBI Bookshelf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+140.+Ketonuria&rft.btitle=Clinical+Methods%3A+The+History%2C+Physical%2C+and+Laboratory+Examinations&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21250091&rft.isbn=9780409900774&rft.aulast=Comstock&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Garber%2C+AJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK247%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjea2004" class="citation book cs1">Chatterjea MN (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p6AEfAEACAAJ"><i>Textbook of Biochemistry for Dental/Nursing/Pharmacy Students</i></a>. India: Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8061-204-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8061-204-6"><bdi>978-81-8061-204-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1027921456">1027921456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Biochemistry+for+Dental%2FNursing%2FPharmacy+Students&rft.place=India&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Jaypee+Brothers+Publishers&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1027921456&rft.isbn=978-81-8061-204-6&rft.aulast=Chatterjea&rft.aufirst=MN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp6AEfAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas1980" class="citation book cs1">Das D (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QqXpWJHICUYC&pg=PA56"><i>Biochemistry</i></a>. Academic Publishers. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80599-17-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80599-17-5"><bdi>978-93-80599-17-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemistry&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-93-80599-17-5&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQqXpWJHICUYC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2006" class="citation book cs1">Joshi RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Acf9BkEqJWYC&pg=PA64"><i>Question Bank of Biochemistry</i></a>. New Age International. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1736-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-224-1736-4"><bdi>978-81-224-1736-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Question+Bank+of+Biochemistry&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1736-4&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcf9BkEqJWYC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinocchiaroD'EufemiaCelliZaccagnini1998" class="citation journal cs1">Finocchiaro R, D'Eufemia P, Celli M, Zaccagnini M, et al. (1998). "Usefulness of cyanide-nitroprusside test in detecting incomplete recessive heterozygotes for cystinuria: a standardized dilution procedure". <i>Journal of Urology and Research</i>. <b>26</b> (6): 401–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002400050076">10.1007/s002400050076</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9879820">9879820</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28323457">28323457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urology+and+Research&rft.atitle=Usefulness+of+cyanide-nitroprusside+test+in+detecting+incomplete+recessive+heterozygotes+for+cystinuria%3A+a+standardized+dilution+procedure&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=401-5&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28323457%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9879820&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs002400050076&rft.aulast=Finocchiaro&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=D%27Eufemia%2C+P&rft.au=Celli%2C+M&rft.au=Zaccagnini%2C+M&rft.au=Viozzi%2C+L&rft.au=Troiani%2C+P&rft.au=Mannarino%2C+O&rft.au=Giardini%2C+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513014330/http://lcso.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lcso/files/load/TLC_Stains.pdf">"TLC Visualization Reagents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcso.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lcso/files/load/TLC_Stains.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TLC+Visualization+Reagents&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+Polytechnique+F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale+de+Lausanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcso.epfl.ch%2Ffiles%2Fcontent%2Fsites%2Flcso%2Ffiles%2Fload%2FTLC_Stains.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NealaCrouchaFatahb2000" class="citation journal cs1">O'Neala CL, Croucha DJ, Fatahb AA (2000). "Validation of twelve chemical spot tests for the detection of drugs of abuse". <i><a href="/wiki/Forensic_Science_International" title="Forensic Science International">Forensic Science International</a></i>. <b>109</b> (3): 189–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2899%2900235-2">10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00235-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10725655">10725655</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International&rft.atitle=Validation+of+twelve+chemical+spot+tests+for+the+detection+of+drugs+of+abuse&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=189-201&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0379-0738%2899%2900235-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10725655&rft.aulast=O%27Neala&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.au=Croucha%2C+DJ&rft.au=Fatahb%2C+AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+nitroprusside" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives_(C02)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives" title="Template:Nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives" title="Template talk:Nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives_(C02)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Nonsympatholytic <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilatory</a> <a href="/wiki/Antihypertensive" title="Antihypertensive">antihypertensives</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C02" title="ATC code C02">C02</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nitrovasodilator" title="Nitrovasodilator">Nitrovasodilator</a> (arterioles and venules)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitroprusside</a> #</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrazinophthalazine" title="Hydrazinophthalazine">Hydrazinophthalazines</a> (arterioles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydralazine" title="Hydralazine">Hydralazine</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydralazine" title="Dihydralazine">Dihydralazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endralazine" title="Endralazine">Endralazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadralazine" title="Cadralazine">Cadralazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pildralazine" title="Pildralazine">Pildralazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium channel openers</a> (arterioles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazoxide" title="Diazoxide">Diazoxide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">Calcium channel blockers</a> (arterioles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Calcium_channel_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Calcium channel blockers">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Template talk:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitric oxide signaling modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nitric_oxide_signaling_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl anion (NO<sup>−</sup>; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide (NO<sup>⋅</sup>; nitrogen monoxide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosonium" title="Nitrosonium">Nitrosonium (NO<sup>+</sup>; nitrosyl cation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_target" title="Biological target">Targets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="sGC" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Soluble_guanylate_cyclase" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluble guanylate cyclase">sGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Activators/stimulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataciguat (page does not exist)">Ataciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-2272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-2272 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-2272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_41-8543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 41-8543 (page does not exist)">BAY 41-8543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_60-4552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 60-4552 (page does not exist)">BAY 60-4552</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BI-703704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BI-703704 (page does not exist)">BI-703704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinaciguat" title="Cinaciguat">Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-2181236A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-2181236A (page does not exist)">GSK-2181236A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praliciguat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praliciguat (page does not exist)">Praliciguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riociguat" title="Riociguat">Riociguat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vericiguat" title="Vericiguat">Vericiguat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1H-(1,2,4)Oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (page does not exist)">ODQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NO_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="NO donor">NO donors</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">Nitrates</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Diethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Diethylene glycol dinitrate">Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythritol_tetranitrate" title="Erythritol tetranitrate">Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Ethylene glycol dinitrate">Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_mononitrate" title="Isosorbide mononitrate">Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isosorbide_dinitrate" title="Isosorbide dinitrate">Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itramin_tosilate" title="Itramin tosilate">Itramin tosilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol_hexanitrate" title="Mannitol hexanitrate">Mannitol hexanitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxcinod" title="Naproxcinod">Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-466 (page does not exist)">NCX-466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-2216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-2216 (page does not exist)">NCX-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4016 (page does not exist)">NCX-4016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX_4040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX 4040 (page does not exist)">NCX 4040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-4215&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-4215 (page does not exist)">NCX-4215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorandil" title="Nicorandil">Nicorandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipradilol" title="Nipradilol">Nipradilol (K-351)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">Nitrate (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroatorvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroatorvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroflurbiprofen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroflurbiprofen (page does not exist)">Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrofluvastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrofluvastatin (page does not exist)">Nitrofluvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroglycerin (drug)">Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitropravastatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitropravastatin (page does not exist)">Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaerithrityl_tetranitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate">Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propatylnitrate" title="Propatylnitrate">Propatylnitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylene_glycol_dinitrate" title="Propylene glycol dinitrate">Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_trioxodinitrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium trioxodinitrate (page does not exist)">Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)</a></li> <li>Tenitramine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolnitrate" title="Trolnitrate">Trolnitrate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nitroso_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroso compound">Nitroso compounds</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">nitrites</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nitrite" title="Nitrite">Nitrite (NO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>)</a>; <i>O-Nitroso compounds (<a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrite" title="Alkyl nitrite">alkyl nitrites</a>):</i> <a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclohexyl_nitrite" title="Cyclohexyl nitrite">Cyclohexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_nitrite" title="Ethyl nitrite">Ethyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexyl_nitrite" title="Hexyl nitrite">Hexyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutyl_nitrite" title="Isobutyl nitrite">Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_nitrite" title="Isopropyl nitrite">Isopropyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_nitrite" title="Methyl nitrite">Methyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyl_nitrite" title="Butyl nitrite"><i>n</i>-Butyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentyl_nitrite" title="Pentyl nitrite">Pentyl nitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Butyl_nitrite" title="Tert-Butyl nitrite"><i>tert</i>-Butyl nitrite</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosothiol" title="S-Nitrosothiol">S-Nitroso compounds</a> (thionitrites):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LA810&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LA810 (page does not exist)">LA810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosoalbumin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosoalbumin (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_AR545C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated AR545C (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosated AR545C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine" title="S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine">S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (page does not exist)">S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocaptopril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocaptopril (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosocysteine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosocysteine (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosodiclofenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosodiclofenac (page does not exist)">S-Nitrosodiclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Nitrosoglutathione" title="S-Nitrosoglutathione">S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated tissue-type plasminogen activator (page does not exist)">SNO-t-PA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Nitrosated_von_Willebrand_factor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Nitrosated von Willebrand factor (page does not exist)">SNO-vWF</a>; <i>N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">nitrosamines</a>):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SIN-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIN-1A (page does not exist)">SIN-1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nitrosyl compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_nitrosyl_complex" title="Metal nitrosyl complex">Metal nitrosyl complexes</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_black_salt" title="Roussin's black salt">Roussin's black salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussin%27s_red_salt" title="Roussin's red salt">Roussin's red salt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/NONOate" title="NONOate">NONOates</a> (diazeniumdiolates):</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diethylenetriamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diethylenetriamine/NO (page does not exist)">Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GLO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLO/NO (page does not exist)">GLO/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JS-K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JS-K (page does not exist)">JS-K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylamine_hexamethylene_methylamine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (page does not exist)">Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROLI/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROLI/NO (page does not exist)">PROLI/NO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermine/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spermine/NO (page does not exist)">Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V-PYRRO/NO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V-PYRRO/NO (page does not exist)">V-PYRRO/NO</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Heterocyclic compounds:</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxans</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Furoxan" title="Furoxan">Furoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=REC15/2739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REC15/2739 (page does not exist)">REC15/2739</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimines</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsidomine" title="Linsidomine">Linsidomine (SIN-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molsidomine" title="Molsidomine">Molsidomine (SIN-10)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydnonimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydnonimine (page does not exist)">Sydnonimine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cimlanod" title="Cimlanod">Cimlanod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FK-409&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FK-409 (page does not exist)">FK-409</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR144220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR144220 (page does not exist)">FR144220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FR146881&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR146881 (page does not exist)">FR146881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (page does not exist)">N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">NOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">nNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">5-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-Nitroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-Nitroindazole (page does not exist)">6-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Nitroindazole" title="7-Nitroindazole">7-Nitroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-84643&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-84643 (page does not exist)">A-84643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARL-17477&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARL-17477 (page does not exist)">ARL-17477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indazole" title="Indazole">Indazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Propyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Propyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamidine_isethionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamidine isethionate">Pentamidine isethionate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)" title="Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)">iNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine (page does not exist)">1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Ethylaminoguanidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Ethylaminoguanidine (page does not exist)">2-Ethylaminoguanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Iminopiperidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Iminopiperidine (page does not exist)">2-Iminopiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1400W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1400W (page does not exist)">1400W</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-aminoethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-aminoethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">AEITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (page does not exist)">AMT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_102222&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 102222 (page does not exist)">AR-C 102222</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BYK-191023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BYK-191023 (page does not exist)">BYK-191023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canavanine" title="Canavanine">Canavanine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cindunistat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cindunistat (page does not exist)">Cindunistat (SD-6010)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Ethylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Ethylisothiourea (page does not exist)">EITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Isopropylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Isopropylisothiourea (page does not exist)">IPTU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S-Methylisothiourea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-Methylisothiourea (page does not exist)">MITU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine (page does not exist)">N<sup>6</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-lysine (<small>L</small>-NIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronopterin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronopterin (page does not exist)">Ronopterin (VAS-203)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (page does not exist)">TRIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_NOS" title="Endothelial NOS">eNOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoguanidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoguanidine">Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (page does not exist)">N<sup>5</sup>-(1-Iminoethyl)-<small>L</small>-ornithine (<small>L</small>-NIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Methyl-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Methyl-<small>L</small>-arginine (<small>L</small>-NMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroarginine" title="Nitroarginine">Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine" title="Asymmetric dimethylarginine">Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CKD-712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CKD-712 (page does not exist)">CKD-712</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanidinoethyldisulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanidinoethyldisulfide (page does not exist)">Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-273629&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-273629 (page does not exist)">GW-273629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indospicine" title="Indospicine">Indospicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KD-7040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KD-7040 (page does not exist)">KD-7040</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroarginine_methyl_ester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroarginine methyl ester (page does not exist)">Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCX-456&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCX-456 (page does not exist)">NCX-456</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NXN-462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NXN-462 (page does not exist)">NXN-462</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-1714&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-1714 (page does not exist)">ONO-1714</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAS-2381&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAS-2381 (page does not exist)">VAS-2381</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arginase" title="Arginase">Arginase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2S-Amino-6-boronohexonic acid (page does not exist)">ABH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorogenic_acid" title="Chlorogenic acid">chlorogenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvaline" title="Norvaline">norvaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_aminoacids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha aminoacids (page does not exist)">alpha aminoacids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CAMK" title="CAMK">CAMK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calmidazolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calmidazolium (page does not exist)">Calmidazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W-7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W-7 (drug) (page does not exist)">W-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Precursors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine"><small>L</small>-Arginine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%CF%89-Hydroxy-L-arginine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (page does not exist)">N<sup>ω</sup>-Hydroxy-<small>L</small>-arginine (NOHA)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cofactors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate">NADPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Flavin adenine dinucleotide">FAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin_mononucleotide" title="Flavin mononucleotide">FMN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">Heme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin" title="Tetrahydrobiopterin">BH<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin">CaM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca<sup>2+</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Indirect/downstream NO modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a>/<a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">AT-II receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Captopril" title="Captopril">captopril</a>, <a href="/wiki/Losartan" title="Losartan">losartan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothelin_receptor_antagonist" title="Endothelin receptor antagonist">ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bosentan" title="Bosentan">bosentan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Type_calcium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Type calcium channel">L-Type calcium channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">blockers</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">dihydropyridines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">nifedipine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebivolol" title="Nebivolol">Nebivolol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">beta blocker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor" title="PDE5 inhibitor">PDE5 inhibitors</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">sildenafil</a>)</li> <li>non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>)</li> <li>PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">paraxanthine</a>)</li> <li>cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">Statins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">simvastatin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&oldid=1213907950">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&oldid=1213907950</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyano_complexes" title="Category:Cyano complexes">Cyano complexes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nitrosyl_complexes" title="Category:Nitrosyl complexes">Nitrosyl complexes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iron(III)_compounds" title="Category:Iron(III) compounds">Iron(III) compounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sodium_compounds" title="Category:Sodium compounds">Sodium compounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vasodilators" title="Category:Vasodilators">Vasodilators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Health_Organization_essential_medicines" title="Category:World Health Organization essential medicines">World Health Organization essential medicines</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2022">Use dmy dates from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_without_KEGG_source" title="Category:Articles without KEGG source">Articles without KEGG source</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_unverified_chemical_infoboxes" title="Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes">Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate" title="Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate">Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2024, at 21:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_nitroprusside&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-d8f47","wgBackendResponseTime":217,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.280","walltime":"1.536","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8200,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":275252,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5026,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":287913,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1289.320 1 -total"," 43.53% 561.193 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.05% 361.717 1 Template:Drugbox"," 22.44% 289.339 1 Template:Infobox"," 18.62% 240.087 38 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.94% 153.972 12 Template:Cite_web"," 9.30% 119.971 5 Template:Navbox"," 7.54% 97.261 1 Template:Nonsympatholytic_vasodilatory_antihypertensives"," 7.48% 96.454 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.88% 88.649 17 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.691","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8966323,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-28pwd","timestamp":"20241122150140","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sodium nitroprusside","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sodium_nitroprusside","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27108300","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27108300","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-24T16:07:22Z","dateModified":"2024-03-15T21:09:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/Sodium-nitroprusside-2D.png","headline":"Hexacyanoferrate whose one cyanide group is replaced by a nitroso group"}</script> </body> </html>