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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impeachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impeachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Impeachment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impeachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_powers_and_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_powers_and_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Constitutional powers and duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_powers_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Oath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Immunity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immunity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History of office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession_and_acting_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession_and_acting_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Succession and acting president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_and_acting_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_officeholders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_officeholders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>List of officeholders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_officeholders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of officeholders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_officeholders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Chairman of the Supreme Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interim_heads_of_state_(1992–1995)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interim_heads_of_state_(1992–1995)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Interim heads of state (1992–1995)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interim_heads_of_state_(1992–1995)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_in_dissidence_(1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_in_dissidence_(1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>President in dissidence (1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_in_dissidence_(1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Georgia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_president" title="Georgia president – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Georgia president" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgie_Foresittend" title="Georgie Foresittend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgie Foresittend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس جورجيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس جورجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Xeorxa" title="Presidente de Xeorxa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Xeorxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гуржистаналъул президент – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гуржистаналъул президент" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Грузияның президенты – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грузияның президенты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прэзідэнт Грузіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнт Грузіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прэзыдэнт Грузіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэзыдэнт Грузіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Президент на Грузия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президент на Грузия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_de_Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="President de Geòrgia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President de Geòrgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident_Gruzie" title="Prezident Gruzie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prezident Gruzie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiens_pr%C3%A6sidenter" title="Georgiens præsidenter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georgiens præsidenter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρόεδρος της Γεωργίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος της Γεωργίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Georgia" title="Presidente de Georgia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Georgia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئیس‌جمهور گرجستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور گرجستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_de_la_G%C3%A9orgie" title="Président de la Géorgie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président de la Géorgie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Xeorxia" title="Presidente de Xeorxia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente de Xeorxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="조지아의 대통령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지아의 대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Վրաստանի նախագահ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վրաստանի նախագահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_Gruzije" title="Predsjednik Gruzije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik Gruzije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гуырдзыстоны президент – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуырдзыстоны президент" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_della_Georgia" title="Presidente della Georgia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente della Georgia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="נשיא גאורגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא גאורגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Претседател на Грузија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседател на Грузија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საქორთუოშ პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საქორთუოშ პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس جورجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس جورجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Georgia" title="Presiden Georgia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Грузиянь президентне – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грузиянь президентне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="President van Georgië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="President van Georgië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="ジョージアの大統領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージアの大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Gruzji" title="Prezydenci Gruzji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Gruzji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_da_Ge%C3%B3rgia" title="Presidente da Geórgia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente da Geórgia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edintele_Georgiei" title="Președintele Georgiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președintele Georgiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Президент Грузии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент Грузии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentja_e_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB" title="Presidentja e Gjeorgjisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Presidentja e Gjeorgjisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Georgia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik_Gruzije" title="Predsednik Gruzije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik Gruzije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Предсједник Грузије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предсједник Грузије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_presidentti" title="Georgian presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgian presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiens_president" title="Georgiens president – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georgiens president" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Heorhiya" title="Pangulo ng Heorhiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo ng Heorhiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜியாவின் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜியாவின் குடியரசுத் தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Президентҳои Гурҷистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Президентҳои Гурҷистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan_devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Gürcistan devlet başkanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gürcistan devlet başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of Georgia<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard of the President of Georgia">Presidential standard</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/220px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/330px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/440px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a><br /></div>since 16 December 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Office of the President of Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)#Presidency" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Head of State of Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">Direct popular vote:<div><ul><li>1991 to 2018</li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a>:<div><ul><li>2024 onward</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Effective 1991:<div><ul><li>five years</li></ul></div>Effective 2004:<div><ul><li>four years</li></ul></div>Effective 2018:<div><ul><li>six years</li></ul></div>Effective 2024:<div><ul><li>five years, renewable once</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1991<span class="noprint"><br />(33 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991-04-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">Chairperson of the Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">13,000 <a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">GEL</a> per month<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.ge">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:18.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Politics of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/200px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/300px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg/400px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Georgia" title="Constitutional Court of Georgia">Constitutional court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Georgia (country)">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Georgia (country)">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Irakli Kobakhidze</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">Chairperson</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shalva_Papuashvili" title="Shalva Papuashvili">Shalva Papuashvili</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (country)">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Georgia" title="Constitutional Court of Georgia">Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Local government in Georgia (country)">Local government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mkhare" title="Mkhare">Regions <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>mkhare</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Georgia (country)">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Election_Administration_of_Georgia" title="Election Administration of Georgia">Election Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Recent elections</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2016_Georgian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Georgian parliamentary election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Georgian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Georgian parliamentary election">2020</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2013_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2013 Georgian presidential election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2018 Georgian presidential election">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2017_Georgian_local_elections" title="2017 Georgian local elections">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Georgian_local_elections" title="2021 Georgian local elections">2021</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Georgia" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Georgia" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilia_Darchiashvili" title="Ilia Darchiashvili">Ilia Darchiashvili</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of diplomatic missions of Georgia (country)">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of diplomatic missions in Georgia (country)">in Georgia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_passport" title="Georgian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Georgian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Georgian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Georgia" title="Visa policy of Georgia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">Georgia–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia and NATO">Georgia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Georgia–Russia relations">Georgia–Russia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Georgia–Ukraine relations">Georgia–Ukraine relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Observer_Mission_in_Georgia" title="United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia">United Nations Observer Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia" title="Politics of Abkhazia">Politics of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of South Ossetia">Politics of South Ossetia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Georgia portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Template:Politics of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Template talk:Politics of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Georgia (country)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of Georgia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">sakartvelos p'rezident'i</span>) is the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Defense Forces</a>. The constitution defines the presidential office as "the guarantor of the country's unity and national independence."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president is largely a figurehead as in many parliamentary democracies. Executive power is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">prime minister</a>. The office was first introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia</a> on 14 April 1991, five days after Georgia's declaration of independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president serves a five-year term. </p><p>The current president is <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>. Because of Georgia's transition to a fully <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> she is the last president to be elected directly by the citizens. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any citizen of Georgia having the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to vote">electoral right</a>, who has attained the age of 35 and who has lived in Georgia for at least 15 years, may be elected President of Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office cannot be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of a foreign country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of Georgia shall not be a member of a political party.<sup id="cite_ref-cons51_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons51-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election">Election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2018 version of Georgia's constitution, starting in 2024, the president will be elected for a five-year term by the 300-member Electoral College, consisting of all members of the Parliament of Georgia and of the supreme representative bodies of the autonomous republics of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara">Adjara</a>, also members from the representative bodies of local-self-governments (municipalities). The same person may be elected President of Georgia only twice. No less than 30 members of the Electoral College shall have the right to nominate a candidate for the president of Georgia. The election of the president of Georgia is appointed by the Parliament for October.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impeachment">Impeachment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impeachment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One third of the total number of the members of Parliament has the right to raise the question of impeachment of the president of Georgia. They can be considered impeached if the decision is supported by at least two thirds of the members of Parliament. The procedure of the impeachment of the president is constitutionally banned during a state of emergency or martial law.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_powers_and_duties">Constitutional powers and duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional powers and duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. The President of Georgia shall: </p><p>a) with the consent of the Government, exercise representative powers in foreign relations, negotiate with other states and international organisations, conclude international treaties, and accept the accreditation of ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives of other states and international organisations; upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss ambassadors and other heads of diplomatic missions of Georgia; </p><p>b) conclude a constitutional agreement with the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia on behalf of the state of Georgia; </p><p>c) call the elections of Parliament and local self-government bodies in accordance with the Constitution and the procedures established by the organic law; </p><p>d) upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss the Commander of the Defence Forces of Georgia; appoint one member of the High Council of Justice; participate in the appointment of the chairperson and members of the Central Election Commission of Georgia in cases defined by the organic law and in accordance with the established procedure; upon nomination by the Government, submit to Parliament candidates for the membership of the national regulatory bodies; </p><p>e) decide on citizenship issues in accordance with the procedures established by the organic law; </p><p>f) pardon convicts; </p><p>g) in accordance with the procedures established by law, grant state awards and rewards; highest military ranks, special ranks and honorary titles; and highest diplomatic ranks; </p><p>h) be entitled, upon recommendation by the Government and with the consent of Parliament, to suspend the activity of a representative body of a territorial unit, or to dissolve such a body, if its activities threaten the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the country, or the exercise of constitutional powers by state bodies; </p><p>i) exercise other powers determined by the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2. The President of Georgia shall have the right to call a referendum on issues defined in the Constitution and law, at the request of the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia or no less than 200 000 voters, within 30 days after such a request is received. A referendum shall not be held in order to adopt or repeal a law, to grant amnesty or pardon, to ratify or denounce international treaties, or to decide issues that envisage the restriction of fundamental constitutional human rights. Issues related to calling and holding referendums shall be defined by the organic law.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>3. The President of Georgia shall have the right to address the people. The President shall annually submit a report on crucial state-related issues to Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oath">Oath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to assuming office, on the third Sunday after the election day, the newly elected president of Georgia addresses the people and is required to take the following oath of office: </p> <div style="padding:1em 3em 1em 3em"><div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap; gap:3em"><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;">მე, საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, ღვთისა და ერის წინაშე ვფიცავ, რომ დავიცავ საქართველოს კონსტიტუციას, ქვეყნის დამოუკიდებლობას, ერთიანობასა და განუყოფლობას, კეთილსინდისიერად აღვასრულებ პრეზიდენტის მოვალეობას, ვიზრუნებ ჩემი ქვეყნის მოქალაქეთა უსაფრთხოებისა და კეთილდღეობისათვის, ჩემი ხალხისა და მამულის აღორძინებისა და ძლევამოსილებისათვის.</div><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;">I, the President of Georgia, do solemnly affirm before God and the nation that I will support and defend the Constitution of Georgia, the independence, unity and indivisibility of the country; that I will faithfully perform the duties of the President, will care for the security and welfare of the citizens of my country and for the revival and might of my nation and homeland.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immunity">Immunity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Immunity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president of Georgia enjoys immunity. No one shall have the right to detain or bring criminal proceedings against the president of Georgia while in office.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security of the president of Georgia is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Special_State_Protection_Service_of_Georgia" title="Special State Protection Service of Georgia">Special State Protection Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ssps1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssps1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard">Standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_(2004-2020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/220px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/330px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/440px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Standard of the president of Georgia (until 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>The standard is adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">national flag of Georgia</a>, charged in the center with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Georgia (country)">Georgian coat of arms</a>. Copies of the standard are used inside the president's office, at the Chancellery Building, other state agencies, and as a <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">car flag</a> on vehicles bearing the president within Georgian territory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_office">History of office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orbeliani_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/220px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/330px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/440px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="3749" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a> is the official seat of the Georgian President.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Georgia formally seceded from the Soviet Union on 9 April 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council</a> voted, on 14 April, to create the post of executive president, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a> to the office pending the holding of direct elections.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nationwide elections to this post, on 26 May 1991, Gamsakhurdia won a landslide victory, becoming the first president of the Republic of Georgia. Gamsakhurdia was ousted in a <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">military coup d'état</a> on 6 January 1992. He continued to function as a president-in-exile until his death in a failed attempt to regain power on 31 December 1993. </p><p>In the post-coup absence of legitimate power, a position of the head of state was introduced for Georgia's new leader <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> on 10 March 1992. After the adoption of a new Constitution on 24 August 1995, the post of president was restored. Shevardnadze was elected to presidency on 5 November 1995, and reelected on 9 April 2000. He resigned under pressure of mass demonstrations known as <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a> on 23 November 2003. After <a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a>'s brief tenure as an <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a> was elected on 4 January 2004. He did not serve his full first term, but voluntarily resigned to defuse tensions in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Georgian_demonstrations" title="2007 Georgian demonstrations">2007 Georgian demonstrations</a> and brought the presidential elections forward from the original date in autumn 2008. He was reelected on 5 January 2008. The president's executive powers were significantly curtailed in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">prime minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a> in a series of amendments passed between 2013 and 2018. After the election of <a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili">Giorgi Margvelashvili</a> to presidency in October 2013, Georgia finalized its transition to a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a>. In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>, became Georgia's first female president in permanent capacity and, according to the new constitution, the last president to be elected by a direct vote. In view of these changes, she is set to serve a term of six years.<sup id="cite_ref-civil1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_and_acting_president">Succession and acting president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Succession and acting president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the event of the president's resignation, death or impeachment the <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">chairperson of Parliament</a> will temporarily serve until a new president is appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were cases of this in Georgia in 2003 and 2007, in both cases, the president resigned prematurely and was replaced by the chairperson of parliament, before new elections were held. In both cases, the then-chairperson <a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a> became acting president; she was the only one in this position, and it can be said that she was also the first female president of the country. However, the first fully elected female president in Georgia was <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>, who is still in this position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Administration of the President of Georgia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაცია</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/250px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/375px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/500px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1026" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of the Administration featuring <a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">February 14, 2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-02-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natia_Sulava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natia Sulava (page does not exist)">Natia Sulava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_the_Administration_of_the_President_of_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief of the Administration of the President of Georgia (page does not exist)">Chief of the Administration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://President.ge">president<wbr />.ge</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Administration of the President of Georgia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაცია</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">sakartvelos p'rezident'is administ'ratsia</span>, sometimes translated as <b>Presidential Administration of Georgia</b>) is the body supporting and organizing the exercise of the powers defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia</a> and other legislative acts for the President of Georgia. The Administration of the President of Georgia was established on February 14, 2004 by the Decree №60 of the President of Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its activities, the administration is guided by the Constitution of Georgia, the legislation of Georgia, the statute and other legal acts of the President of Georgia. The structure and rules of operation of the administration are determined by the President of Georgia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_officeholders">List of officeholders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of officeholders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For leaders before independence, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of leaders of Georgia (country)">List of leaders of Georgia (country)</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Election </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">1 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td>14 April 1991 </td> <td>6 January 1992<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">Deposed</a>)</span> </td> <td>267 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Table%E2%80%94Free_Georgia" title="Round Table—Free Georgia">Round Table—Free Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1991 Georgian presidential election">1991</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="8">The office of the president was vacant from January 6, 1992 to November 26, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#231577; color:white;">2 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–2014)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_shevardnadze_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1697" /></a></span> </td> <td>26 November 1995 </td> <td>23 November 2003<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze#Downfall" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Forced to resign</a>)</span> </td> <td>7 years, 362 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1995 Georgian presidential election">1995</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2000_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2000 Georgian presidential election">2000</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E6E6AA"> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1964)</span><br /><i>Acting</i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nino_Burjanadze_(Tbilisi,_December_5,_2003)_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td>23 November 2003 </td> <td>25 January 2004 </td> <td>63 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">3 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="222" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 January 2004 </td> <td>25 November 2007<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Resigned)</span> </td> <td>3 years, 304 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2004 Georgian presidential election">2004</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E6E6AA"> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1964)</span><br /><i>Acting</i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nino_Burjanadze_(Tbilisi,_December_5,_2003)_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td>25 November 2007 </td> <td>20 January 2008 </td> <td>56 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3)</span> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="222" /></a></span> </td> <td>20 January 2008 </td> <td>17 November 2013 </td> <td>5 years, 301 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2008 Georgian presidential election">2008</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#27509C; color:white;">4 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili">Giorgi Margvelashvili</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1969)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="623" /></a></span> </td> <td>17 November 2013 </td> <td>16 December 2018 </td> <td>5 years, 29 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dream" title="Georgian Dream">Georgian Dream</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2013 Georgian presidential election">2013</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#DCDCDC; color:black">5 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zurabishvili" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome Zurabishvili">Salome Zurabishvili</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1952)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/100px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/150px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/200px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span> </td> <td>16 December 2018 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>5 years, 343 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2018 Georgian presidential election">2018</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council">Chairman of the Supreme Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chairman of the Supreme Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Election </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">1 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td>14 November 1990 </td> <td>14 April 1991 </td> <td>151 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Table%E2%80%94Free_Georgia" title="Round Table—Free Georgia">Round Table—Free Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Georgian_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Georgian parliamentary election">1990</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interim_heads_of_state_(1992–1995)"><span id="Interim_heads_of_state_.281992.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Interim heads of state (1992–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interim heads of state (1992–1995)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#C3B091; color:black;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaba_Ioseliani" title="Jaba Ioseliani">Jaba Ioseliani</a><br /><small>(1926–2003)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2">6 January 1992 </td> <td rowspan="2">10 March 1992 </td> <td rowspan="2">64 days </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Military</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Co-chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Council_(Georgia)" title="Military Council (Georgia)">Military Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Kitovani" title="Tengiz Kitovani">Tengiz Kitovani</a><br /><small>(1938–2023)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="474" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" rowspan="3">— </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a><br /><small>(1928–2014)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_shevardnadze_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1697" /></a></span> </td> <td>10 March 1992 </td> <td>4 November 1992 </td> <td>239 days </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td>Chairman of the State Council </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 November 1992 </td> <td>6 November 1992 </td> <td>2 days </td> <td>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 November 1992 </td> <td>26 November 1995 </td> <td>3 years, 20 days </td> <td>Head of State </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_in_dissidence_(1993)"><span id="President_in_dissidence_.281993.29"></span>President in dissidence (1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: President in dissidence (1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td>24 September 1993 </td> <td>6 November 1993 </td> <td>43 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zviadists" title="Zviadists">Zviadists</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On December 22, 1991, parts of the military launched a <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">coup d'état</a> against the government and the president. On January 6, 1992, the government and the President were deposed and a <a href="/wiki/Military_Council_(Georgia)" title="Military Council (Georgia)">Military Council</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Kitovani" title="Tengiz Kitovani">Tengiz Kitovani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaba_Ioseliani" title="Jaba Ioseliani">Jaba Ioseliani</a>, took power in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>. On March 10, 1992, the Military Council handed the power over to <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>, who served as acting head of state until November 26, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a>, deposed former president Gamsakhurdia returned to Georgia in September 1993 and formed a rival government based in <a href="/wiki/Zugdidi" title="Zugdidi">Zugdidi</a>. This controlled part of western Georgia until its defeat at the hands of government forces in November.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_awq0xzc4gc74r90ll35cyf886pt89y2"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Salome_Zurabishvili" coords="959,67,1100,87" title="Salome Zurabishvili" alt="Salome Zurabishvili" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" coords="792,54,945,75" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili" alt="Giorgi Margvelashvili" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" coords="650,42,792,62" title="Mikheil Saakashvili" alt="Mikheil Saakashvili" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" coords="487,29,606,50" title="Nino Burjanadze" alt="Nino Burjanadze" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" coords="371,17,512,37" title="Eduard Shevardnadze" alt="Eduard Shevardnadze" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" coords="38,4,174,25" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia" alt="Zviad Gamsakhurdia" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_awq0xzc4gc74r90ll35cyf886pt89y2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/awq0xzc4gc74r90ll35cyf886pt89y2.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="#Administration">Presidential Administration of Georgia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/labor-remuneration.pdf">https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/labor-remuneration.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dfwatch.net/georgia-increases-the-presidents-salary-48908-24913">"Georgia increases the president's salary"</a>. Democracy & Freedom Watch. 11 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Georgia+increases+the+president%27s+salary&rft.pub=Democracy+%26+Freedom+Watch&rft.date=2013-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdfwatch.net%2Fgeorgia-increases-the-presidents-salary-48908-24913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 49, Section 1–3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Georgian and Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.ge/archive/3825/3825-02.pdf">The Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Introduction of the Post of President of the Republic of Georgia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120153813/http://www.parliament.ge/archive/3825/3825-02.pdf">Archived</a> 20 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament of Georgia</a> Archive. Accessed on 17 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 25, Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 50, Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cons51-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cons51_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 51, Section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 50, Section 1–6 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 48, Section 1, 3, 6 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/30346">"საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია"</a>. <i>სსიპ ”საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე”</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E+%E2%80%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E2%80%9D&rft.atitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatsne.gov.ge%2Fka%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F30346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssps1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ssps1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssps.gov.ge/index.php?a=main&pid=5&lang=geo">History</a>. Special State Protection Service of Georgia. Accessed on 24 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chieftain.com/story/special/1991/04/15/georgians-create-powerful-presidency/8602787007/">"Georgians create powerful presidency"</a>. <i>The Pueblo Chieftain</i>. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pueblo+Chieftain&rft.atitle=Georgians+create+powerful+presidency&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chieftain.com%2Fstory%2Fspecial%2F1991%2F04%2F15%2Fgeorgians-create-powerful-presidency%2F8602787007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/04/15/georgian-parliament-elects-new-president//">"Georgian parliament elects new president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a></i>. 15 April 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Georgian+parliament+elects+new+president&rft.date=1991-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1991%2F04%2F15%2Fgeorgian-parliament-elects-new-president%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civil1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-civil1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=30474">"Key Points of Newly Adopted Constitution"</a>. <i>Civil Georgia</i>. 27 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+Georgia&rft.atitle=Key+Points+of+Newly+Adopted+Constitution&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivil.ge%2Feng%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D30474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/34984?publication=0">"საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაციის შექმნის შესახებ"</a>. www.matsne.gov.ge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91&rft.pub=www.matsne.gov.ge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.matsne.gov.ge%2Fka%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F34984%3Fpublication%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ge">Official website</a></span></span> of the President of Georgia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_Georgia_since_1918" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Georgia" title="Template:Presidents of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Presidents of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_Georgia_since_1918" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leaders of Georgia</a> since 1918</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a><br /><small>Prime Minister</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Georgia_(1918%E2%80%931921,_1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia"><img alt="Democratic Republic of Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918%E2%80%931921%2C_1-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Democratic Republic of Georgia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Ramishvili" title="Noe Ramishvili">Ramishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a><br /><small>Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipp_Makharadze" title="Filipp Makharadze">Makharadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarp_Mdivani" title="Polikarp Mdivani">Mdivani</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a><br /><small>First Secretaries of Georgian Communist Party</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1951%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Lominadze" title="Vissarion Lominadze">Lominadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Kakhiani" title="Mikheil Kakhiani">Kakhiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levan_Gogoberidze" title="Levan Gogoberidze">Gogoberidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Mamulia" title="Samson Mamulia">Mamulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavrenty_Kartvelishvili" title="Lavrenty Kartvelishvili">Kartvelishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Beria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandid_Charkviani" title="Kandid Charkviani">Charkviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akaki_Mgeladze" title="Akaki Mgeladze">Mgeladze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandre_Mirtskhulava" title="Aleksandre Mirtskhulava">Mirtskhulava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Shevardnadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumber_Patiashvili" title="Jumber Patiashvili">Patiashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givi_Gumbaridze" title="Givi Gumbaridze">Gumbaridze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avtandil_Margiani" title="Avtandil Margiani">Margiani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimi_Mikeladze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimi Mikeladze (page does not exist)">Mikeladze</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Modern Georgia</a><br /><small>Presidents</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Georgia_(1990%E2%80%932004).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)"><img alt="Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281990%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Standard of the President"><img alt="Standard of the President" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Standard of the President</figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Gamsakhurdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Shevardnadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Burjanadze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Saakashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Burjanadze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Saakashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili">Margvelashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Zourabichvili</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1991 Georgian presidential election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Georgian_general_election" title="1992 Georgian general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1995 Georgian presidential election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2000 Georgian presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2004 Georgian presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2008 Georgian presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2013 Georgian presidential election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2018 Georgian presidential election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2024 Georgian presidential election">2024</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>* Acting head of state</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Andorra" title="List of heads of government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.</li> <li>2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.</li> <li>3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Georgia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Template talk:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_(country)_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia (country) topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Georgia" title="Prehistoric Georgia">Prehistoric Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti%E2%80%93Vanadzor_culture" title="Trialeti–Vanadzor culture">Trialeti–Vanadzor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchian_culture" title="Colchian culture">Colchian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diauehi" title="Diauehi">Diauehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia" title="Kingdom of Iberia">Kingdom of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Georgia in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Iberia" title="Sasanian Iberia">Sasanian Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Iberia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_rule_in_Georgia" title="Arab rule in Georgia">Arab rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Abkhazia" title="Kingdom of Abkhazia">Kingdom of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Iberians" title="Kingdom of the Iberians">Kingdom of the Iberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_the_Georgian_realm" title="Unification of the Georgian realm">Unification of the Georgian realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hereti" title="Kingdom of Hereti">Kingdom of Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti-Hereti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti">Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Georgian_wars" title="Byzantine–Georgian wars">Byzantine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Seljuk_wars" title="Georgian–Seljuk wars">Seljuk wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Didgori" title="Battle of Didgori">Battle of Didgori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Golden_Age" title="Georgian Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Mongol invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Timurid invasions of Georgia">Timur's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samtskhe-Saatabago" title="Samtskhe-Saatabago">Samtskhe-Saatabago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Turkoman invasions of Georgia">Turkmen incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Abkhazia" title="Principality of Abkhazia">Principality of Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Svaneti" title="Principality of Svaneti">Principality of Svaneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Guria" title="Principality of Guria">Principality of Guria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mingrelia" title="Principality of Mingrelia">Principality of Mingrelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kakheti">Kingdom of Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Georgia" title="Safavid Georgia">Safavid Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_I%27s_Kakhetian_and_Kartlian_campaigns" title="Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns">Shah Abbas I's invasions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krtsanisi" title="Battle of Krtsanisi">1795 Persian Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire" title="Georgia within the Russian Empire">Absorption by the Russian Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)#Independent_Georgia" title="History of Georgia (country)">Independent Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Georgia" title="Names of Georgia">Names of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Georgian_monarchs" title="Lists of Georgian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_states_of_Georgia" title="List of historical states of Georgia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Georgia" title="Military history of Georgia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of wars involving Georgia (country)">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_Georgia_(country)" title="List of battles involving Georgia (country)">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Georgian_history" title="Timeline of Georgian history">Timeline of Georgian history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:History of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/80px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/120px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arms_of_Georgia.svg/160px-Arms_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Georgia" title="Template:Borders of Georgia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of birds of Georgia (country)">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)#Climate" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Georgia" title="List of earthquakes in Georgia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_of_Georgia" title="Glaciers of Georgia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of lakes of Georgia (country)">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of mammals of Georgia (country)">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Georgia" title="National parks of Georgia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of protected areas of Georgia (country)">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of rivers of Georgia (country)">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Georgia" title="List of volcanoes in Georgia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Geography of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhare" title="Mkhare">Regions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Subdivisions of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_in_Georgia" title="Russian-occupied territories in Georgia">Russian-occupied territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Georgia" title="Foreign relations of Georgia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia" title="Human rights in Georgia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" title="LGBTQ rights in Georgia (country)">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Georgia_(country)" title="List of political parties in Georgia (country)">Political parties</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Economy of Georgia (country)">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Agriculture in Georgia (country)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Georgia" title="National Bank of Georgia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of companies of Georgia (country)">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Energy in Georgia (country)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Lari (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mining in Georgia (country)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Stock_Exchange" title="Georgian Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Tourism in Georgia (country)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Transport in Georgia (country)">Transport</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Economy of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Georgia" title="Architecture of Georgia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_art" title="Georgian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokha" title="Chokha">Chokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_wine" title="Georgian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Georgia" title="Gambling in Georgia">Gambling</a></li> <li>Languages <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Laz</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mingrelian_language" title="Mingrelian language">Mingrelian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Svan_language" title="Svan language">Svan</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Mass media in Georgia (country)">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Georgia" title="Public holidays in Georgia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Sport in Georgia (country)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Georgia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Georgia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Culture of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Ethnic minorities in Georgia (country)">Ethnic minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgians" title="List of Georgians">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Healthcare in Georgia (country)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Women in Georgia (country)">Women</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Demographics of Georgia (country)">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#h999f2;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tavisupleba" title="Tavisupleba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolnisi_cross" title="Bolnisi cross">Bolnisi cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjgali" title="Borjgali">Borjgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Georgia" title="Coat of arms of Georgia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzala_ertobashia" title="Dzala ertobashia">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Saint Nino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grapevine_cross" title="Grapevine cross">cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#h999f2;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Outline of Georgia (country)">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Georgia_(country)-related_articles" title="Index of Georgia (country)-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Georgia (country)">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)" title="Portal:Georgia (country)">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&oldid=1258696031">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&oldid=1258696031</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Georgia_(country)" 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