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Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality by Susan McClary | LibraryThing
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Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms.</div></div></div> </div><div id="gbss"> <h1>Results from Google Books</h1> <p>Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.</p> <div id="gbss_content"></div> </div><div class="content summary"><input type="hidden" name="cgtag_lb_title" value="CoverGuess Tags" id="cgtag_lb_title" class="" ><input type="hidden" name="work" value="469273" id="work" class="" > <table class="wrapper" width="100%" border=0> <col width="160"> <col> <col width="210"> <tr> <td class="left"><div id="maincover"><a href="#" onclick="si_info('isbn_0816641897'); return false;"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/fugue21/magnifier-left.png" class="icon"></a><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX180_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX360_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX540_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" /></div><div class="leftnav workleftnav alwaysblue noline"><ul><li class="first selected"><a href="/work/469273/summary">Main page</a></li> <li class="gap"><a href="/work/469273/workdetails">Work details</a></li> <li class="gap"><a href="/work/469273/reviews">Reviews</a> <span class="count">(3)</span></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/recommendations">Recommendations</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/members">Members</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/descriptions">Descriptions</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/conversations">Conversations</a> <span class="count">(5)</span></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/commonknowledge">Common Knowledge</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/popularity">Popularity</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/covers">Cover images</a></li> <li ><a href="/work/469273/editions">Editions</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="middle" id="middleColumn"> <div id="loading">Loading...</div><div class="headsummary"><h1>Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality <span class="date">(1991)</span></h1><h2>by <a href="/author/mcclarysusan">Susan McClary</a><hr></h2></div><div class="wslcontainer"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="wsltable"><tr class="wslheader"><td width="18%" class="firstchild">Members</td><td width="18%">Reviews</td><td width="18%">Popularity</td><td width="22%">Average rating</td><td width="25%" class="lastchild">Mentions</td></tr><tr class="wslcontent"><td valign="middle" class="firstchild"><a href="/work/469273/members">138</a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="/work/469273/reviews">3</a></td><td valign="middle"><a href="/work/469273/popularity">207,882</a></td><td valign="middle"><nobr><a href="/work/469273/members"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/ss7.gif" style="margin-bottom: -2px;"></a> <span class="dark_hint">(3.3)</span></nobr></td><td valign="middle" class="lastchild"><a href="/work/469273/conversations">5</a></td></tr><tr class="wslcontent wslsummary"><td colspan="7" class="lastchild"><div class="showmore" id="u_03249b21" ><![CDATA[A groundbreaking collection of essays in feminist music criticism, this book addresses problems of gender and sexuality in repertoires ranging from the early seventeenth century to rock and performance art. ". . . this is a major book . . . [McClary's] achievement borders on the miraculous." <u class="showmore_hide"> The Village Voice"No one will read these essays without thinking about and hearing music in new and interesting ways. Exciting reading for adventurous students and staid professionals." Choice"Feminine Endings, a provocative 'sexual politics' of Western classical or art music, rocks conservativ</u><span class="showmore_showlink">… (<a href="#" onclick="showMore('u_03249b21');">more</a>)</span></div class="" ></td></tr></table></div><div id="workpagesort_10" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><div class="sectionhead_rbutcontainer"><span style="font-size:9px;font-weight:normal;"><a value="all members" value="all members" class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn ltbtn-button-float-right btn-tiny btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/work/469273/members/" ><span class="btntxt">all members</span></a></span></div><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'members', 'u_83f5dddb', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Members</span><span class="sectionTitleST"></span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_83f5dddb" style="display:block;"><table class="wstable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tr><td class="label memberlistLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Recently added by</span></td><td class="wide memberlistvalue" id="u_a4c1cd10"><a href="/profile/MattBickett">MattBickett</a>, <a href="/profile/PaulBove">PaulBove</a>, <a href="/profile/adaorhell">adaorhell</a>, <a href="/profile/csmaccath">csmaccath</a>, <a href="/profile/AdioRadley">AdioRadley</a>, <a href="/profile/stilton">stilton</a>, <a href="/profile/MOrtman">MOrtman</a></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="workpagesort_20" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><div class="sectionhead_rbutcontainer"><button id="u_29c35a3d_snb" value="numbers" value="numbers" class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn ltbtn-button-float-right btn-tiny btn-default" type="button" role="button" onclick="tagcloud_showTagNumbers('u_29c35a3d'); 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return false;">votes</a></div>Showing 3 of 3 </div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_163402041" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/469273" data-workid="469273" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"></div>McClary stirred up quite a bit of dust with this book in the nineties, but most of it seems to have settled again in the meantime, and these days you can read accounts of pieces of music in concert programmes that would make her analyses look pretty tame.<br><br>Essentially, what she is arguing is that quite apart from the obvious institutional sexism in Western art music, which kept all but the most determined women out of formal training and major creative and interpretative roles for centuries, there is also an element of inherent sexism in the aesthetic content of music, the supposedly "pure", non-representative formal structures that shape musical works. And this applies as much to works like Tchaikovsky's Fourth and Beethoven's Ninth as it does to <i>Carmen</i> and <i>Duke Bluebeard's Castle</i>. The struggle between the tonic and the dominant and its resolution are quite simply (well not quite as simply as all that...) metaphors for sexual pleasure delayed and consumated. McClary looks at some major pieces from the established, male-dominated repertoire, but also brings in contrasting analyses of works by female creators - not just mainstream art composers but also people of the time like Laurie Anderson and Madonna. <br><br>More readable and thought-provoking than this short caricature probably suggests, but probably mostly of historical interest by now. <span class="rating">( <img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/ss6.gif"> )</span></div><div id="rfd_163402041" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_163402041">1</span> <img title="1 member found this review helpful" id="rvi_163402041" alt="vote" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/voteup-y.gif"></span><!-- reviewVoteInfo --><span class="reviewFlags"> <img id="rfi1_163402041" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"> <img id="rfi2_163402041" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"><span id="rfrf_163402041"> </span></span></span> <!-- reviewMods --><span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/thorold" target="_top">thorold</a> | Dec 23, 2018 | <a href="/review/163402041"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/permalink.gif" width="16" height="7"></a></span> <!-- controlItems --></div></div></div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_18991870" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/469273" data-workid="469273" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"></div>Although I was an English major in college, and my primary mode of artistic connection has always been literature, I somehow ended up with a surprising number of musicologist friends. Well, four of them anyway, which seems like a lot to me. One of the four is currently finishing up her musicology doctorate at UCLA, and I remember that when she started her program she was intimidated by the presence, on faculty, of controversial music critic Susan McClary. McClary's work is divisive among musicologists because she has dared to take methods of criticism developed in literary and sociology circles - feminist, post-colonialist, queer studies and other criticisms that interrogate social contexts of art - and to apply them to Western art music, which has traditionally considered itself immune from such interrogations of "meaning" (many musicologists believe that music doesn't "mean" anything, but simply exists). My friend was a little wowed by McClary's rock-star status, but also conflicted because she found some of the critic's stances to be over the top. I remember her specifically citing an essay in which McClary claims that it's possible to tell that Tchaikovsky was homosexual just by listening to his Fourth Symphony. Eyebrows raised all around. So I was amused and intrigued when, a few years later, another of the four, knowing that I enjoy critical literary theory, gave me a copy of McClary's seminal <em>Feminine Endings</em> as a birthday present. <br><br>Now, maybe I'm just hardened by years of reading criticism in the more liberal field of literary studies. I have read some serious crackpot critics in my time, and McClary? Does not strike me as a crackpot. She doesn't even strike me as over-the-top. In fact, her points seem to me eminently well-argued and reasonable. Let's take that essay on Tchaikovsky, for example. She does not actually argue that a listener can tell he's gay by listening to his music. In fact, she explicitly rejects any line of reasoning that would attempt to claim any such thing. What she actually writes is that certain patterns in the Fourth Symphony - patterns traditionally derided by music critics for failing to conform with accepted symphonic practice - are not actually failures after all, but conscious attempts to diverge from the standard symphonic narrative and tell a different kind of story. McClary carefully outlines the traditional symphonic narrative structure, which bears a strong resemblance to the traditional Hero's Quest narrative in literature: a hero starts at "home base" (a given key and/or theme), but must leave it and venture into uncharted territory. He meets with the often-feminine Other (the second theme, often referred to in early musicology as the "feminine" theme), which represents either a threat he must overcome or a victim he must save; a struggle ensues. In either case, the second, "feminine" theme is assimilated, by the end of the symphony, into the key in which the hero began, and he returns home triumphant, having proved himself. In Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony all this is problematized: critics have complained that the first ("masculine") theme is overly passive, insufficiently virile (yes! music critics complain about such things!), and that the first movement never satisfactorily resolves. McClary argues that Tchaikovsky is merely trying to tell a different story than the one usually communicated symphonically, one involving a protagonist trapped between two antagonists, unable to realize his full potential. This seems totally reasonable to me, and McClary backs it up with careful technical attention to the score. Given the careful groundwork she has laid regarding the long history of thinking about "masculine" and "feminine" symphonic themes, her next point seems reasonable as well (the bracketed text is mine):<br><br><blockquote><br>For what we have is a narrative in which the protagonist seems victimized both by patriarchal expectations [represented by the military background music that threatens to overwhelm the primary theme] and by sensual feminine entrapment [the sinuous, interrupting second theme]: both forces actively block the possibility of his self-development. Such a narrative resonates strongly with Tchaikovsky's biography. As a homosexual in a world of patriarchally enforced heterosexuality, his behavior was always being judged against cultural models of "real men." In fact, 1877 (the year of this symphony) was a crisis year in Tchaikovsky's psychosexual development: he finally yielded to social and paternal pressures to get married, with disastrous consequences for all concerned, and then attempted suicide because of his distress over the marriage and his clandestine sexuality. The extent to which these events colored his perceptions is revealed in his letters, and a strong sense of struggle and alienation likewise marks his programmatic description of the symphony.</blockquote><br><br>This is a far cry from the claim that gay people write different music from straight people. All McClary is really saying here is that one's state of mind while making art can be reflected in the final product, and be read back into it later on - a claim that seems to me not only reasonable but inescapably obvious. How could the dramatic events of Tchaikovsky's personal life during this period <em>fail</em> to have an effect on his compositional output? Can you imagine claiming such a thing about any other form of art? We accept as indisputable that, for example, TS Eliot's traumatic experience of World War I helped shape his worldview and can be read back into <em>The Waste Land</em>. It is widely accepted that Bernini's Counter-Reformational political patronage influenced his presentation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Theresa" rel="nofollow" target="_top">Ecstasy of Saint Teresa</a>. So why should instrumental music be any different? That is the question McClary asks repeatedly throughout the essays in <em>Feminine Endings</em>, and she answers in lively, readable prose that it is not, in fact, different at all. <br><br>There was only one essay in which I thought her claims veered into the strident or tenuous, and, interestingly, I found that same essay to be the most thought-provoking of the bunch. In it, she takes modern composer Janika Vandervelde's piece <em>Genesis II</em> as a jumping-off point to talk about whether there can (or should) be a repertory of "women's music": in other words, music made by women which has a specifically female sound, distinguishable from that made by men. She details the widespread negative response to such an idea on the part of female composers who have accepted the idea of the universality and a-gendered quality of Western instrumental music, and want to be recognized as composers, not <em>female</em> composers. While McClary is sympathetic with this position, she questions whether those elements of Western instrumental music so often granted "universal" status are really universal at all. In the most fascinating section of the essay (to me, at least), she points out that the current widely-accepted musical model of striving after the desired tonal resolution, of the individualistic, hero's-quest symphony (not just applicable to symphonies, but also to rock songs and many other forms) only gained its current place of unquestioned dominance after the seventeenth century. Prior to this time, she says, there were other musical forms that stressed <em>pleasure</em> over desire, that were about existing voluptuously in the moment, rather than striving after change. In the age of imperialism, conquest, and the rise of capitalism, though, the current quest-based narrative became so dominant that many of us just accept it as "the way music works." This singleness of structure is obviously detrimental: if there is no musical model for pleasure, but only for desire, then attaining the desired goal is a kind of musical death, since the piece is over as soon as the goal is reached. McClary goes on to make the claim that, when she presents her graduate students with examples of this earlier musical mode, the male students tend to find it confusing and boring (complaining that "nothing happens), whereas the female students tend to delight in it, recognizing something they knew to be true but which they had never heard articulated musically before.<br><br>Now let me say, a whole spate of warning bells go off in my head when people start talking about a "female music." I am extremely reluctant to accept essentializing notions that equate the feminine with unchanging, cyclical Nature and the male with striving individualism. And I definitely think there are points in this essay where McClary crosses the line into Dworkin-esque condemnation of all tonal music as essentially violent and imperialist. That said, when I think about my all-time favorite narratives, I have to admit that they all stress exactly the sense of voluptuous being-in-time that McClary describes. Woolf's <em>Mrs. Dalloway</em> and <em>To the Lighthouse</em> (particularly the "Time Passes" section), Marilynne Robinson's <em>Gilead</em>, the novels and short stories of Eudora Welty: while all these works have narrative arcs, it is the beauty of the prose and the gorgeously vivid evocation of specific, subjective moments in time that really distinguishes the experience of reading them. None of them feature absolutist conclusions; the emotional ends tend not to be wrapped up neatly, and the reader must accept ambiguity and compromise. And, predictably, critics of these novels tend to complain that they are "boring" and that "nothing happens" in them, EXACTLY like the male students McClary describes in her classes. Now, of course there are male fans of Woolf, Robinson, and Welty: in fact, the most ardent Woolf fan I've ever met was a man. But it does give me food for thought, and a new critical tool for thinking about different kinds of narrative structures.</div><div id="rfd_18991870" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_18991870">3</span> <img title="3 members found this review helpful" id="rvi_18991870" alt="vote" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/voteup-y.gif"></span><!-- reviewVoteInfo --><span class="reviewFlags"> <img id="rfi1_18991870" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"> <img id="rfi2_18991870" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"><span id="rfrf_18991870"> </span></span></span> <!-- reviewMods --><span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/emily_morine" target="_top">emily_morine</a> | Aug 20, 2009 | <a href="/review/18991870"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/permalink.gif" width="16" height="7"></a></span> <!-- controlItems --></div></div></div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_32287477" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/469273" data-workid="469273" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0816641897.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"></div>One of the best books I read about music. She is a very good scholar and it is fun to read what she writes.</div><div id="rfd_32287477" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_32287477"> </span> </span><!-- reviewVoteInfo --><span class="reviewFlags"> <img id="rfi1_32287477" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"> <img id="rfi2_32287477" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/flag-trans.gif"><span id="rfrf_32287477"> </span></span></span> <!-- reviewMods --><span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/avior" target="_top">avior</a> | Jun 21, 2008 | <a href="/review/32287477"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/permalink.gif" width="16" height="7"></a></span> <!-- controlItems --></div></div></div><div class='reviewnav'><!-- languagenav --><div class="right"><strong><a href="#" onclick="loadReviewsIntoContainer('',0,3,3,'wp_reviews',5,'','469273','',false, null, 'profile');return 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id="u_bd36add0" style="display:block;"><div id="mediareviews_container"><div id="mediareviews">no reviews | <a href="#" onclick="LibraryThing.mediareviews.edit({'workid':'469273'});return false;">add a review</a></div><!-- mediareviews --> </div></div></div><div id="workpagesort_56" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><a name="otherauthors"></a><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'otherauthors', 'u_cb5fd3a1', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Other authors</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_cb5fd3a1" style="display:block;"><div id="otherauthors_container"><p style="margin-top: 5px !important;"><a href="javascript:otherauthors_edit(469273)">» Add other authors</a></p></div></div></div><div id="workpagesort_57" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'relationships', 'u_48c270ac', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Series and work relationships</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_48c270ac" style="display:block;"><div id="seriesforwork_container"></div><div id="relationships_container"></div></div></div><div id="workpagesort_59" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'newaward', 'u_8787af7c', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Awards and Honors</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_8787af7c" style="display:block;"><div id="newawardforwork_container"></div></div></div><div id="workpagesort_60" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><div class="sectionhead_rbutcontainer"><a value="view history" value="view history" class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn-tiny btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/commonknowledge/changelog.php?item=469273&type=1" ><span class="btntxt">view history</span></a></div><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'ck', 'u_860e6333', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Common Knowledge</span><span class="sectionTitleST"></span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_860e6333" style="display:block;"><div id="fwikiContainerTablediv"><table class="fwikiContainerTable ch1 " fn="inlineWikiItemsContent"> <tr> <td COLSPAN="2"> <div class="fwikiHint fwikiTopHint"><div class="fwikiWarningHint">You must <a href="/">log in</a> to edit Common Knowledge data.</div> For more help see the <a href="https://wiki.librarything.com/index.php/Common_Knowledge">Common Knowledge help page</a>. </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_canonicaltitle"></a>Canonical title</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_67b66786' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='21' name='u_67b66786' allowmultiple='0' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'canonicaltitle' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Authoritative title for a work in the language of the site you are on' ><div class='fwikiItem divcanonicaltitle'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_originaltitle"></a>Original title</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_2ec9e49f' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='41' name='u_2ec9e49f' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'originaltitle' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'The original title in the original language' ><div class='fwikiItem divoriginaltitle'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_alternativetitles"></a>Alternative titles</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_74cdb165' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='42' name='u_74cdb165' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'alternativetitles' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Avoid titles already listed as the Canonical or Original titles as well as foreign-language titles available on the "Details" tab.' ><div class='fwikiItem divalternativetitles'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_originalpublicationdate"></a>Original publication date</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_fc3260a2' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='16' name='u_fc3260a2' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '1' fieldName = 'originalpublicationdate' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = '1952-12-30, 1933-10, 1902, or 120 BCE' ><div class='fwikiItem divoriginalpublicationdate'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ><a href="/commonknowledge/search.php?q=1991&f=16&exact=1&type=1">1991</a> </div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_characternames"></a>People/Characters</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_52423bdd' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='3' name='u_52423bdd' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'characternames' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Enter each character's name in a separate box. Examples: Hermione Granger, Andrew Jackson, Oberon, St. Paul of Tarsus, or Zeus (Deity)' ><div class='fwikiItem divcharacternames'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_placesmentioned"></a>Important places</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_ada9aef9' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='2' name='u_ada9aef9' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'placesmentioned' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = '"Boston, Massachusetts, USA", "London, England", "The Plaza Hotel, New York, New York, USA", "Hogwarts", "Alpha Centauri", "Hell"' ><div class='fwikiItem divplacesmentioned'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_events"></a>Important events</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_26e49c9f' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='34' name='u_26e49c9f' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'events' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Great Fire of London (1666), Battle of the Bulge (1944|1945), Assassination of John F. Kennedy (1963-11-22), Battle of Hoth' ><div class='fwikiItem divevents'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_movies"></a>Related movies</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_fef95317' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='37' name='u_fef95317' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'movies' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Blade Runner (1982), The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Three Musketeers (1993)' ><div class='fwikiItem divmovies'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" editVal="" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <!-- <tr>--> <!-- <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_awards"></a>--><!--</td>--> <!-- <td>--><!--</td>--> <!-- </tr>--> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_epigraph"></a>Epigraph</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_032a4751' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='28' name='u_032a4751' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'epigraph' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'The work's epigraph, "a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a document or component." ' ><div class='fwikiItem divepigraph'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_dedication"></a>Dedication</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_110f0ba5' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='30' name='u_110f0ba5' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'dedication' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Author's dedication' ><div class='fwikiItem divdedication'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_firstwords"></a>First words</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_5d2a4218' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='25' name='u_5d2a4218' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'firstwords' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'The first sentence of the work.' ><div class='fwikiItem divfirstwords'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_quotations"></a>Quotations</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_4bdb6aad' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='27' name='u_4bdb6aad' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'quotations' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Well-known, relevant or interesting quotations from the work; Quotation marks are unnecessary.' ><div class='fwikiItem divquotations'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_lastwords"></a>Last words</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_9c24f22e' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='26' name='u_9c24f22e' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'lastwords' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'The last sentence of the work. Content will be hidden unless clicked.' ><div class='fwikiItem divlastwords'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" id="u_71b85d66" style="display: none; min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_disambiguation"></a>Disambiguation notice</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_302f244c' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='13' name='u_302f244c' allowmultiple='0' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'disambiguation' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Clarifications to be used by future combiners and separators, or just as information.' ><div class='fwikiItem divdisambiguation'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_series"></a>Publisher's editors</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_7600c630' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='1' name='u_7600c630' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'literaryeditors' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Publisher's or acquiring editor' ><div class='fwikiItem divliteraryeditors'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_blubers"></a>Blurbers</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_bf39da8a' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='29' name='u_bf39da8a' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'blurbers' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Who blurbed the book? A blurb is defined as a super-short review, done before the book is published or reviewed professionally. As Rachael Donadio wrote, "Book blurbs are a tangled mass of friendships, rivalries, favors traded and debts repaid, not always in good faith." This field aims to capture that tangle! <b>Note:</b> Please enter only the names of people, not publications. Use the form: Lastname, Firstname.' ><div class='fwikiItem divblurbers'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_originallanguage"></a>Original language</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_6100de6f' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='58' name='u_6100de6f' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'originallanguage' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = '' ><div class='fwikiItem divoriginallanguage'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_canonicalddc"></a>Canonical DDC/MDS</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_db4142b1' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='61' name='u_db4142b1' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'canonicalddc' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Best consensus choice within the Melvil Decimal Classification System' ><div class='fwikiItem divcanonicalddc'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel"><a name="ck_canonicallcc"></a>Canonical LCC</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_1ab3aa0e' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='66' name='u_1ab3aa0e' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'canonicallcc' uitype = '1' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Best consensus choice within the Library of Congress Classification system' ><div class='fwikiItem divcanonicallcc'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </table></div></div></div><div id="workpagesort_65" class="quickedit light flipped"><a class="nooffset" name="references"></a><div class="nav"><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'references', 'u_933a4c17', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>References</span></div><div class="qelcontent references alwaysblue" id="u_933a4c17" style="display:block;"><p>References to this work on external resources.</p><h2><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/favicon_wikipedia.gif" class="icon">Wikipedia in English</h2><p>None</p></div></div><div id="workpagesort_80" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'desc', 'u_784654ce', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Book descriptions</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_784654ce" style="display:block;"></div></div><div id="workpagesort_25" class="quickedit light"><div class="nav"><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'libdesc', 'u_e086777a', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>Library descriptions</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_e086777a" style="display:block;"><p>No library descriptions found.</p></div></div><div id="workpagesort_70" class="quickedit light flipped"><div class="nav"><div class="sectionhead_rbutcontainer"><span class="sectionTitleHelp"><a href="https://wiki.librarything.com/index.php/Common_Knowledge#LibraryThing_members.27_description" class="blacklink" title="Help"><img style="vertical-align:middle;" class="helpIcon" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/helpq.png" alt="?"></a></span></div><span class="navInfoTitle"><span class="divotBig" onclick="LibraryThing.work.handleSectionHide(this, 'ckdesc', 'u_6ef687e8', '0');"><span class="chdivot" style="font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom;">▼</span></span>LibraryThing members' description</span></div><div class="qelcontent" id="u_6ef687e8" style="display:block;"> <div class="workSection"> <table class="fwikiContainerTable ch2"> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel">Book description</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_4bde5a68' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='14' name='u_4bde5a68' allowmultiple='0' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'description' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'This is a general description. It is not a review.' ><div class='fwikiItem divdescription'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong fwikiItemTextUnknownUser'><div class="fwikiAtomicValue" style="min-height:12px;" ></div><img style="float:left;" src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/transdot.gif' height='12px' width='1px' alt=''></div></div> <!-- fwikiItem --></td><td class='fwikiItemControls'></td></td></tr></table></td> </tr> </table></div> <a name="haiku"></a> <div class="workSection"> <table class="fwikiContainerTable ch2"> <tr> <td valign="top" class="fwikiLabel">Haiku summary</td> <td><table class="fwikiGroup"><tr><td class='fwikiField' id='u_da0f0df0' itemType='1' itemNum='469273' fieldType='57' name='u_da0f0df0' allowmultiple='1' hasHistory = '0' fieldName = 'haikusummary' uitype = '3' ltlang='eng' hint = 'Add a summary or other appreciation in haiku form (17 syllables; 5/7/5); include your member name in parentheses.' ><div class='fwikiItem divhaikusummary'><div class='fwikiItemText fwikiItemTextLong 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want)</span></div></div></div><div class="greenbox genrething"><h2 class="first">Genres</h2><div id="genregreenbox"><div class="genreline"><div class="text"><a href="/genre/62/Nonfiction" class="" >Nonfiction</a></div><div class="chartline2" style="min-width:200px;height:20px" ><span style="width:76.4%"></span></div></div></div><h2 style="margin-top: 2em;" class="" >Melvil Decimal System (DDC)</h2><span class="cattype_label ddc"><a href="/mds/780.82">780.82</a></span><a class="bluelink cattype_item" href="/mds/780.82">Arts & recreation <span class="breadcrumb_separator">›</span> Music <span class="breadcrumb_separator">›</span> Music <span class="breadcrumb_separator">›</span> Groups of People <span class="breadcrumb_separator">›</span> Women</a><h2 class="" >LC Classification</h2><div class="cattype_item"><span class="cattype_label lcc"><a href="/lcc/ML82.M38" class="" >ML82.M38</a></span><span class="lccsch"><a href="/lcc/M" class="bluelink cattype_item" target="_top" ><span 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class='gbl'>1.5</td><td class='gbr'><tr><td class='gbl'>2</td><td class='gbr'><img src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/gb.gif' height=5 width=22> 1</td></tr><tr><td class='gbl'>2.5</td><td class='gbr'><tr><td class='gbl'>3</td><td class='gbr'><img src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/gb.gif' height=5 width=110> 5</td></tr><tr><td class='gbl'>3.5</td><td class='gbr'><tr><td class='gbl'>4</td><td class='gbr'><img src='https://image.librarything.com/pics/gb.gif' height=5 width=88> 4</td></tr><tr><td class='gbl'>4.5</td><td class='gbr'><tr><td class='gbl'>5</td><td class='gbr'></table> </div> <div class="greenbox"> <h2 class="first">Is this you?</h2> <p class="last">Become a <a href="/author_claim.php?work=469273">LibraryThing Author</a>.</p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div><!--end content--> <p style="clear: both;"> </p> <script src="https://www.librarything.com/js2/card5.js?5297" flag_fte="2" static_host="https://www.librarything.com/" type="text/javascript" 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