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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_br.wikipedia.org&uselang=br" class=""><span>Reiñ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kroui%C3%B1Kont&returnto=Energiezh+nevezadus" title="Erbedet eo deoc'h krouiñ ur gont ha kevreañ ; n'eo ket ret koulskoude." class=""><span>Krouiñ ur gont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kevrea%C3%B1Implijer&returnto=Energiezh+nevezadus" title="Daoust ma n'eo ket ret, ec'h aliomp deoc'h kevreañ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kevreañ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" 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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Taolenn" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Taolenn</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Deroù</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gremmoù_adnevezadus_pennañ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremmoù_adnevezadus_pennañ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gremmoù_adnevezadus_pennañ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gremmoù_adnevezadus_pennañ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gremm_aerluzel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_aerluzel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Gremm aerluzel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_aerluzel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gremm_dourrenel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_dourrenel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gremm dourrenel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_dourrenel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gremm_heolel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_heolel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gremm heolel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_heolel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gremm_heolel_fotovoltaek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_heolel_fotovoltaek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Gremm heolel fotovoltaek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_heolel_fotovoltaek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gremm_heolel_gwrezel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_heolel_gwrezel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Gremm heolel gwrezel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_heolel_gwrezel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bevdolz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bevdolz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bevdolz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bevdolz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gremm_douarwrezel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gremm_douarwrezel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Gremm douarwrezel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gremm_douarwrezel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redioù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redioù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Redioù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redioù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levlennadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levlennadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Levlennadur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levlennadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liammoù_diavaez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liammoù diavaez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daveennoù_brezhonek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daveennoù_brezhonek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Daveennoù brezhonek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daveennoù_brezhonek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Energiezh nevezadus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 106 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernubare_energie" title="Hernubare energie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hernubare energie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erneuerbare_Energien" title="Erneuerbare Energien – alamaneg Suis" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erneuerbare Energien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg Suis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerch%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Enerchía renovable – aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enerchía renovable" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="طاقة متجددة – arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة متجددة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%87" title="طاقه متجدده – arabeg Egipt" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طاقه متجدده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabeg Egipt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Enerxía renovable – asturianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enerxía renovable" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99rpa_olunan_enerji" title="Bərpa olunan enerji – azerbaidjaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərpa olunan enerji" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тулыланыусы энергия – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тулыланыусы энергия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinauj%C4%97nont%C4%97_energ%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Atsinaujėnontė energėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atsinaujėnontė energėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Узнаўляльная энергія – belaruseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узнаўляльная энергія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аднаўляльная энэргія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аднаўляльная энэргія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Възобновяема енергия – bulgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Възобновяема енергия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnovljiva_energija" title="Obnovljiva energija – bosneg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Obnovljiva energija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renovable" title="Energia renovable – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia renovable" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Карлаболу ницкъ – tchetcheneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Карлаболу ницкъ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchetcheneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="وزەی نوێبووەوە – kurdeg sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وزەی نوێبووەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdeg sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnoviteln%C3%A1_energie" title="Obnovitelná energie – tchekeg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obnovitelná energie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Таврăнакан энерги – tchouvatch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Таврăнакан энерги" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvatch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynni_adnewyddadwy" title="Ynni adnewyddadwy – kembraeg" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynni adnewyddadwy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kembraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedvarende_energi" title="Vedvarende energi – daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vedvarende energi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erneuerbare_Energien" title="Erneuerbare Energien – alamaneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erneuerbare Energien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας – gresianeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Renewable energy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renovi%C4%9Danta_energio" title="Renoviĝanta energio – esperanteg" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Renoviĝanta energio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Energía renovable – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía renovable" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_berriztagarri" title="Energia berriztagarri – euskareg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Energia berriztagarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="انرژی تجدیدپذیر – perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی تجدیدپذیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusiutuva_energia" title="Uusiutuva energia – finneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uusiutuva energia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_renouvelable" title="Énergie renouvelable – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie renouvelable" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nerji_rounouvlab" title="Énerji rounouvlab – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Énerji rounouvlab" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B9th_ath-nuadhachail" title="Lùth ath-nuadhachail – skoseg" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lùth ath-nuadhachail" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skoseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Enerxía renovable – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enerxía renovable" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaretekue_o%C3%B1embopyah%C3%BAva" title="Mbaretekue oñembopyahúva – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbaretekue oñembopyahúva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="אנרגיה מתחדשת – hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרגיה מתחדשת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="अक्षय ऊर्जा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अक्षय ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaakarniye_shakti" title="Nawaakarniye shakti – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nawaakarniye shakti" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnovljiva_energija" title="Obnovljiva energija – kroateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obnovljiva energija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%A8ji_renouvlab" title="Enèji renouvlab – haitieg" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enèji renouvlab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meg%C3%BAjul%C3%B3_energiaforr%C3%A1s" title="Megújuló energiaforrás – hungareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Megújuló energiaforrás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D5%A7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Վերականգնվող էներգիա – armenianeg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերականգնվող էներգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renovabile" title="Energia renovabile – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Energia renovabile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_terbarukan" title="Energi terbarukan – indonezeg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi terbarukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ike_mmeghari_ohuru" title="Ike mmeghari ohuru – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ike mmeghari ohuru" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinovigebla_energio" title="Rinovigebla energio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rinovigebla energio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurn%C3%BDjanleg_orka" title="Endurnýjanleg orka – islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Endurnýjanleg orka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="再生可能エネルギー – japaneg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="再生可能エネルギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89n%C3%A9rgi_kaanyarak%C3%A9" title="Énérgi kaanyaraké – javaneg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Énérgi kaanyaraké" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="განახლებადი ენერგია – jorjianeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="განახლებადი ენერგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="jorjianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жаңартылатын энергия – kazak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңартылатын энергия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%89" title="ថាមពលកកើតឡើងវិញ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថាមពលកកើតឡើងវិញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%83%9D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="재생 가능 에너지 – koreaneg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재생 가능 에너지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renovabilis" title="Energia renovabilis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Energia renovabilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erneierbar_Energie" title="Erneierbar Energie – luksembourgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Erneierbar Energie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembourgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renoeuvabel" title="Energia renoeuvabel – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Energia renoeuvabel" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinaujinantieji_energijos_i%C5%A1tekliai" title="Atsinaujinantieji energijos ištekliai – lituaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atsinaujinantieji energijos ištekliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atjaun%C4%ABg%C4%81_ener%C4%A3ija" title="Atjaunīgā enerģija – latvieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atjaunīgā enerģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angovo_azo_havaozina" title="Angovo azo havaozina – malgacheg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Angovo azo havaozina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Обновливи извори на енергија – makedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Обновливи извори на енергија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97_%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പുനരുപയോഗ ഊർജ്ജങ്ങൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുനരുപയോഗ ഊർജ്ജങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87" title="Сэргээгдэх эрчим хүч – mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сэргээгдэх эрчим хүч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4" title="अपारंपरिक ऊर्जास्रोत – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अपारंपरिक ऊर्जास्रोत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_boleh_diperbaharui" title="Tenaga boleh diperbaharui – malayseg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tenaga boleh diperbaharui" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ပြည့်ဖြိုးမြဲစွမ်းအင် – birmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြည့်ဖြိုးမြဲစွမ်းအင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="नविकरणीय उर्जा – nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नविकरणीय उर्जा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="पूर्ननविकरणीय उर्जा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पूर्ननविकरणीय उर्जा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duurzame_energie" title="Duurzame energie – nederlandeg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duurzame energie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornybar_energi" title="Fornybar energi – norvegeg nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fornybar energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegeg nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornybar_energi" title="Fornybar energi – norvegeg bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fornybar energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegeg bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renovelabla" title="Energia renovelabla – okitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Energia renovelabla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਵਿਆਉਣਯੋਗ ਊਰਜਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਵਿਆਉਣਯੋਗ ਊਰਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odnawialne_%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82a_energii" title="Odnawialne źródła energii – poloneg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odnawialne źródła energii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="رینیوایبل انرجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رینیوایبل انرجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%88%DA%93_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%D9%8A" title="د تجدید وړ انرژي – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د تجدید وړ انرژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_renov%C3%A1vel" title="Energia renovável – portugaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Energia renovável" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutipayaq_micha" title="Kutipayaq micha – kechuaeg" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kutipayaq micha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechuaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energie_regenerabil%C4%83" title="Energie regenerabilă – roumaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Energie regenerabilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Возобновляемая энергия – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Возобновляемая энергия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обновительна енерґетіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Обновительна енерґетіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%91asmuvvi_energiija" title="Ođasmuvvi energiija – sámi an Norzh" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ođasmuvvi energiija" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sámi an Norzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnovljiva_energija" title="Obnovljiva energija – serb-kroateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Obnovljiva energija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serb-kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="පුනර්ජනනීය බලශක්තිය – singhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුනර්ජනනීය බලශක්තිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Renewable energy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnovite%C4%BEn%C3%BD_zdroj_energie" title="Obnoviteľný zdroj energie – slovakeg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obnoviteľný zdroj energie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnovljivi_viri_energije" title="Obnovljivi viri energije – sloveneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obnovljivi viri energije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarta_la_cusbonaysiiyo" title="Tamarta la cusbonaysiiyo – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tamarta la cusbonaysiiyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energjia_e_rip%C3%ABrt%C3%ABritshme" title="Energjia e ripërtëritshme – albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Energjia e ripërtëritshme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Обновљиви извори енергије – serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обновљиви извори енергије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rnybar_energi" title="Förnybar energi – svedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förnybar energi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishati_mbadala" title="Nishati mbadala – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nishati mbadala" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புதுப்பிக்கத்தக்க ஆற்றல் – tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதுப்பிக்கத்தக்க ஆற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99" title="พลังงานทดแทน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลังงานทดแทน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenilenebilir_enerji" title="Yenilenebilir enerji – turkeg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yenilenebilir enerji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Відновлювана енергетика – ukraineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відновлювана енергетика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="قابل تجدید توانائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قابل تجدید توانائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qayta_tiklanadigan_energiya" title="Qayta tiklanadigan energiya – ouzbekeg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qayta tiklanadigan energiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_t%C3%A1i_t%E1%BA%A1o" title="Năng lượng tái tạo – vietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Năng lượng tái tạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todi-poujh%C3%A5ve_enerdjeye" title="Todi-poujhåve enerdjeye – walloneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Todi-poujhåve enerdjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masasaliwanan_nga_enerhiya" title="Masasaliwanan nga enerhiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Masasaliwanan nga enerhiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源 – sinaeg Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="可再生能源" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2_%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="דערנייבארע ענערגיע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דערנייבארע ענערגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B4%B9%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%95%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵏ – tamacheg Maroko standart" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamacheg Maroko standart" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源 – sinaeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="可再生能源" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="sinaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang-ch%C3%A0i-seng_l%C3%AAng-go%C3%A2n" title="Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân – sinaeg Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源 – kantoneg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="可再生能源" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidlakalasi_esivuselelekayo" title="Isidlakalasi esivuselelekayo – zouloueg" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isidlakalasi esivuselelekayo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zouloueg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12705#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Esaouennoù anv"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Energiezh_nevezadus" title="Gwelet ar pennad [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pajenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaozeal:Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar pennad (n'eus ket eus 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Neuz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Eus Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pennadoù_a_ra_diouer_d%27ar_Wiki-mañ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/1000-ast.png/140px-1000-ast.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/1000-ast.png/210px-1000-ast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/1000-ast.png/280px-1000-ast.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Alternative_Energies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Alternative_Energies.jpg/310px-Alternative_Energies.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Alternative_Energies.jpg/465px-Alternative_Energies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Alternative_Energies.jpg/620px-Alternative_Energies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2982" data-file-height="1942" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Gremmoù adnevezadus eo ar bevdolz, an avel hag an Heol, koulz e Sandesneben (Alamagn) hag e lec'h all<br /><small><i>Luc'hskeudenn: Jürgen, eus Sandesneben</i></small></div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gremm adnevezadus</b> pe <b>energiezh nevezadus</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pe <b>energiezh adnevesaus</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reer eus <a href="/wiki/Energiezh" title="Energiezh">gremm</a> a zeu eus andonioù a vez aspourvezet gant an <a href="/wiki/Natur" title="Natur">natur</a> a-hed buhez <a href="/wiki/Mab-Den" class="mw-redirect" title="Mab-Den">mab-den</a>, evel <a href="/wiki/Goulo%C3%B9" title="Gouloù">gouloù</a> an <a href="/wiki/Heol" title="Heol">Heol</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Avel" title="Avel">avel</a>, ar <a href="/wiki/Glav" title="Glav">glav</a>, ar <a href="/wiki/Tre_ha_lanv" title="Tre ha lanv">mareoù-mor</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Tonn" title="Tonn">tonnoù</a> hag an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douarwrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douarwrez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">douarwrez</a>.<br /> Evit kenderc'hañ <a href="/wiki/Tredan" title="Tredan">tredan</a>, tommañ an <a href="/wiki/Ti" title="Ti">tiez</a> hag an <a href="/wiki/Dour" title="Dour">dour</a>, kas <a href="/wiki/Karbed" title="Karbed">karbedoù</a> a bep doare ha kenderc'hañ gremm e-maez ar rouedadoù ez implijer ar gremmoù adnevezadus. </p><p>Er bloavezh <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> e voe ar gremmoù adnevezadus 19% eus ar bevezadur gremm er bed a-bezh. Ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bevdolz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bevdolz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bevdolz</a> (9,30%) hag an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dourdredan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dourdredan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">dourdredan</a> (3,78%) eo ar gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ a zo bet arveret. Buan e kresk arver ar gremmoù adnevezadus all er bed evelato.<sup id="cite_ref-REN21_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REN21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Un drederenn eus Stadoù ar bed a ra gant hevelep gremmoù evit bastañ da dremen 20% eus o ezhommoù, ha muioc'h-mui a vo en dazont. Ar gremm <a href="/wiki/Rod-avel" title="Rod-avel">aerluzel</a>, da skouer, zo o kreskiñ eus 30% bep bloaz : 282,482 <a href="/wiki/Mega" title="Mega">M</a><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a> a dredan a c'halle bout kenderc'het e dibenn ar bloavezh <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> dre nerzh an avel<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ec'hon eo an tachennoù ma c'haller tapout gremmoù adnevezadus, ar pezh n'eo ket gwir pa gomzer eus an <a href="/wiki/Trelosk_kondon" title="Trelosk kondon">treloskoù kondon</a>, na gaver nemet en un nebeud broioù.<br /> Dre ziorren arver ar gremmoù adnevezadus e teuer asur da gaout trawalc'h a c'hremm bepred, da vihanaat <a href="/wiki/Tommadur_ar_blanedenn" title="Tommadur ar blanedenn">tommadur ar blanedenn</a> ha da zigreskiñ ar c'houstoù<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Raktresoù bras zo bet savet evit tapout hag implijout gremmoù adnevezadus, hogen reoù vihanoc'h zo bet aozet evit ar broioù war ziorren hag ar rannvroioù maeziat. Hervez <a href="/wiki/Aozadur_ar_Broado%C3%B9_Unanet" title="Aozadur ar Broadoù Unanet">Aozadur ar Broadoù Unanet</a> e c'hall ar gremmoù adnevezadus pinvidikaat ar broioù paourañ.<sup id="cite_ref-SL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istor">Istor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Istor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istor"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:La_noria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/La_noria.jpg/220px-La_noria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/La_noria.jpg/330px-La_noria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/La_noria.jpg/440px-La_noria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Arverañ gremm an dour<br /><i>Noria del Mazonovo</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taramundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taramundi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Taramundi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asturiez" title="Asturiez">Asturies</a>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Adnevezadus e oa hogos an holl c'hremmoù implijet gant mab-den kent diorroadur ar <a href="/wiki/Mengleuz" title="Mengleuz">mengleuzioù</a> <a href="/wiki/Glaou" title="Glaou">glaou</a> e kreiz an <a href="/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. Hep mar ez eo koshañ testeni eus arver ur gremm adnevezadus an tammoù keuneud glaoudennet a zo bet kavet e Gesher Benot Ya'agov en <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, a voe devet 790 000 a vloavezhioù zo. N'eo nemet etre 400 000 ha 200 000 a vloavezhioù zo ma teuas mab-den boas da arverañ ar bevdolz war ar pemdez, pa ouezas mestroniañ an <a href="/wiki/Tan" title="Tan">tan</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Goude bout mestroniet an tan e teskas mab-den mestroniañ an avel evit kas bigi war an dour : testeniekaet eo bet bezañs bigi dre lien war ar stêr <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nil</a> pemp mil a vloavezhioù zo<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> Tostoc'h dimp e voe labour an dud, nerzh al <a href="/wiki/Loen" title="Loen">loened</a>, hini an avel ha hini an dour ar gremmoù adnevezadus implijetañ, kevret gant ar bevdolz e stumm ar c'heuneud. </p><p>E <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> e krogas an dud da glask tapout gremm an Heol, gant aon na yaje ar glaou da get. Betek deroù ar <a href="/wiki/Brezel-bed_kenta%C3%B1" title="Brezel-bed kentañ">Brezel-bed kentañ</a> e voe kaset arnodennoù. Ken abred ha <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> e voe rakwelet pouez ar gremm heolel en dazont<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> E <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> e voe kemennet stroñs <a href="/wiki/Tireoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tireoul">tireoulel</a> <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> gant M. King Hubbert<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ; er <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1970" title="Bloavezhioù 1970">bloavezhioù 1970</a> e krogas al luskad <a href="/wiki/Ekologiezh" title="Ekologiezh">ekologour</a> da stourm evit ma vije erlerc'hiet ar gremmoù adnevezadus ouzh an tireoul, ha fardet e voe an <a href="/wiki/Rod-avel" title="Rod-avel">aerluzelloù</a> kentañ.<br /> Abaoe pell dija e veze arveret gremm an Heol evit tommañ ha yenaat, hogen ret e voe gortoz ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1980" title="Bloavezhioù 1980">bloavezhioù 1980</a> evit ma vije lakaet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panell_fotovoltaek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panell fotovoltaek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">panelloù fotovoltaek</a> marc'hadmat a-walc'h er <a href="/wiki/Kenwerzh" title="Kenwerzh">c'henwerzh</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gremmoù_adnevezadus_pennañ"><span id="Gremmo.C3.B9_adnevezadus_penna.C3.B1"></span>Gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Gremmoù adnevezadus pennañ"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/07/Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png/500px-Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/07/Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png/750px-Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/07/Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png/1000px-Bevezadur_gremm_2011.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:Green;"><b>19%</b></span> e voe lodenn ar gremmoù adnevezadus<br />bet implijet er bed e 2011</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gremm_aerluzel">Gremm aerluzel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm aerluzel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm aerluzel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif/220px-HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif/330px-HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif/440px-HAWT_and_VAWTs_in_operation_medium.gif 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Tri doare aerluzelloù</div><hr /><i>VAWT</i> = <i>Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</i><br /><i>HAWT</i> = <i>Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Windmills_D1-D4_(Thornton_Bank).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg/220px-Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg/330px-Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg/440px-Windmills_D1-D4_%28Thornton_Bank%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="4138" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Aerluzelloù 5 MW<br />a-ziavaez da aodoù Belgia</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Dre dreuzfurmiñ nerzh fiñvel an avel a-drugarez da aerluzelloù e c'haller fardañ tredan. Diouzh diñs tizh an avel <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (v^{3})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (v^{3})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5c909c1db07f12a09a90ffe346f4a2d049f30cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.991ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (v^{3})}"></span> eo ar gremm a vez ganet, setu e kresk buan galloud un aerluzell betek he bog. Abalamour da gement-se e vez staliet aerluzelloù e lec'hioù ma vez kreñv ha kendalc'hel an avel, war ar menezioù hag er mor en diavaez d'an aodoù. </p><p>Eus 600 <a href="/wiki/Kilo" title="Kilo">kW</a> betek 5 MW eo skalfad ar galloud a vez kenderc'het, 1,5-3 MW o vout ar galloud boutinañ a vez staliet. Etre 20% ha 40% eus o galloud a vez kenderc'het gant an aerluzelloù peurvuiañ, tostoc'h da 40% el lec'hioù gwellañ<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>War an hirdermen e c'hallfe ar gremm aerluzel bout kevatal da bemp gwech an tredan a vez kenderc'het hiziv, ha bastañ da 40 gwech an ezhommoù a hiziv, gant ma vo kavet un diskoulm da bep kudenn galvezel : staliañ kalz aerluzelloù war tachennoù ec'hon ma c'hwezh avelioù kreñv ha stabil a-hed an amzer, e diavaez an aodoù peurliesañ, er bed a-bezh, gant asant ar poblañsoù hag an aozadurioù etrebroadel<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>War-dro 20% eo kresk ar gremm aerluzel bep bloaz ; 238 000 MW e oa ar galloud a oa staliet e 2011, en <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europa</a> hag e <a href="/wiki/Stado%C3%B9-Unanet_Amerika" title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika">Stadoù-Unanet Amerika</a>. En hevelep bloavezh e oa 83 Stad o werzhañ tredan bet kenderc'het dre nerzh an avel.<sup id="cite_ref-REN21_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REN21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Stadoù aerluzel pennañ e dibenn 2012 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Stad</th> <th>Barr aerluzel<br />(MegaWatt)</th> <th>% er bed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sina" title="Sina">Sina</a></td> <td align="center">75 564</td> <td align="center">26.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>S. U. A.</td> <td align="center">60 007</td> <td align="center">21.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">Alamagn</a></td> <td align="center">31 332</td> <td align="center">11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spagn" title="Spagn">Spagn</a></td> <td align="center">22 796</td> <td align="center">8.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="center">18 421</td> <td align="center">6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rouantelezh-Unanet" title="Rouantelezh-Unanet">Rouantelezh-Unanet</a></td> <td align="center">8 845</td> <td align="center">3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></td> <td align="center">8 144</td> <td align="center">2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall">Bro-C'hall</a></td> <td align="center">7 196</td> <td align="center">2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></td> <td align="center">6 200</td> <td align="center">2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="center">4 525</td> <td align="center">1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Stadoù arall])</td> <td align="center">39 853</td> <td align="center">14.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>Hollad</b></td> <td align="center"><b>282 482 MW</b></td> <td align="center"><b>100%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Andon : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/GWEC-PRstats-2012_english.pdf"><i>Global Wind Energy Commission</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Parkadoù aerluzelloù nevez </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Lec'h (doare)</th> <th>Stad</th> <th>Niver ag<br />aerluzelloù</th> <th>Barr aerluzel<br />(MegaWatt)</th> <th>Digoradur </th></tr> <tr> <td>Anholt (mor)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a></td> <td align="center">111</td> <td align="center">400</td> <td align="center">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Borkum (mor)</td> <td align="center">Alamagn</td> <td align="center">80</td> <td align="center">400</td> <td align="center">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abington (douar)</td> <td align="center">R.-U.</td> <td align="center">152</td> <td align="center">350</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fântânele (douar)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Roumania" title="Roumania">Roumania</a></td> <td align="center">240</td> <td align="center">600</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabbard (mor)</td> <td align="center">R.-U.</td> <td align="center">140</td> <td align="center">504</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lincs (mor)</td> <td align="center">R.-U.</td> <td align="center">75</td> <td align="center">270</td> <td align="center">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>London (mor)</td> <td align="center">R.-U.</td> <td align="center">175</td> <td align="center">630</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lower Snake River (douar)</td> <td align="center">S. U. A.</td> <td align="center">149</td> <td align="center">343</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Victoria (douar)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Aostralia" title="Aostralia">Aostralia</a></td> <td align="center">140</td> <td align="center">420</td> <td align="center">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arlington (douar)</td> <td align="center">S. U. A.</td> <td align="center">338</td> <td align="center">845</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sheringham (mor)</td> <td align="center">R.-U.</td> <td align="center">88</td> <td align="center">317</td> <td align="center">2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>Hollad</i> </td> <td align="center"><b>1 668</b></td> <td align="center"><b>5 079 MW</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gremm_dourrenel">Gremm dourrenel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm dourrenel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm dourrenel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg/220px-Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg/330px-Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg/440px-Tuebingen-gerstenmuehle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Rodoù elvenek war ur stêrig</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Ar gremm dourrenel eo ar gremm a daper diwar dour o kouezhañ pe o redek.<br /> War-dro 1,225 <a href="/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm">kg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">m</a><sup>3</sup> eo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douester (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">douester</a> an <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a> da live ar mor, pa 'z eo 1 000 kg/m<sup>3</sup> hini an dour, da lavaret eo tremen 800 gwech muioc'h : kalz gremm zo da dapout diwar forzh pe red-dour neuze, pe diwar <a href="/wiki/Tonn" title="Tonn">donnoù</a> ar mor. Meur a zoare zo da dreiñ nerzh an dour e gremm a c'haller implijout : </p> <ul><li>treiñ nerzh pouez ul lamm-dour e gremm loc'honiel a-drugarez d'ur rod elvennek, evel ma vez graet e lod <a href="/wiki/Milin-dour" title="Milin-dour">milinoù-dour</a> ;</li></ul> <dl><dd>Dre nerzh an dour hepken ez a ar mekanikoù e kêriadenn Os Teixos e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taramundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taramundi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Taramundi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asturiez" title="Asturiez">Asturies</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</dd></dl> <ul><li>sparlañ red ur <a href="/wiki/St%C3%AAr" title="Stêr">stêr</a> gant ur <a href="/wiki/Stankell" title="Stankell">stankell</a> a-benn krouiñ ur virlenn ha reoliañ red an dour ; gwask ha red an dour e traoñ ar stankell a laka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troellrod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troellrod (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">troellrodoù</a> da dreiñ a-benn kenderc'hañ tredan ;</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Stankell_an_Teir_C%27hanienn" title="Stankell an Teir C'hanienn">Stankell an Teir C'hanienn</a> war ar stêr <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> e Sina eo brasañ stankell ar bed, 22 500 MW eo he galloud a-drugarez da 34 zroellrod.</dd></dl> <ul><li>arverañ gremm fiñvel red ur stêrig evit kenderc'hañ betek 100 kW a dredan en ul lec'h digenvez ; diezhomm eo krouiñ ur virlenn en degouezh-se ;</li> <li>arverañ nerzh fiñvel ar <a href="/wiki/Tre_ha_lanv" title="Tre ha lanv">mareoù</a> da genderc'hañ tredan ;</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Stankell_vordredan_ar_Renk" title="Stankell vordredan ar Renk">Stankell vordredan ar Renk</a> a genderc'h 250 MW a dredan a-drugarez da 24 zroellrod abaoe <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Stankell_zourdredan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/6/60/Stankell_zourdredan.png/220px-Stankell_zourdredan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/6/60/Stankell_zourdredan.png/330px-Stankell_zourdredan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/6/60/Stankell_zourdredan.png/440px-Stankell_zourdredan.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Ar stankelloù dourdredan<br />eo an doare boutinañ da ober tredan<br />gant gremm an dour</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Hiziv an deiz ez eo er c'henderc'hañ tredan dre stankelloù ster pennañ ar bomm "gremm dourrenel".<br /> Tu zo da jediñ ar c'hementad a dredan a vo kenderc'het gant un droellrod bet staliet e traoñ ur stankell :<br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P=\eta \rho \,Qgh\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>η</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P=\eta \rho \,Qgh\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aec701e4cf348b928ae2ff23d3913a4b8570e916" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.338ex; width:11.847ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P=\eta \rho \,Qgh\!}"></span> m'emañ </p> <ul><li>P ar galloud e wattoù</li> <li>η efedusted an droellrod, da lavaret eo an dregantad eus ar gremm lonket a vez daskoret</li> <li>ρ douester an dour (1 000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>)</li> <li>Q ar red e m<sup>3</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Eilenn" class="mw-disambig" title="Eilenn">s</a></li> <li>g c'hwimm ar pounnerder, a zo 9,81 m/s²</li> <li>h an uhelder, da lavaret eo an diforc'h etre gorre ar virlenn ha live an droellrod, e <a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metradoù</a></li></ul> <p>Mard eo 85% efedusted an droellrod, 80 m<sup>3</sup>/s red an dour ha 145 m an uhelder e c'hall an droellrod genel </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0.85\times 1000\times 80\times 9.81\times 145={\text{90 MW}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0.85</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>1000</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>80</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>9.81</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>145</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>90 MW</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0.85\times 1000\times 80\times 9.81\times 145={\text{90 MW}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d9dc21a4c0a81d117beabd1fc13c9a726e62960" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:40.616ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0.85\times 1000\times 80\times 9.81\times 145={\text{90 MW}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gremm_heolel">Gremm heolel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm heolel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm heolel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Goulo%C3%B9" title="Gouloù">Gouloù</a> ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwrez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gwrez</a> an Heol a ya da ober ar gremm a c'haller tapout dre veur a galvezerezh a vez bepred o vont war-raok : an dommerez dre heol, ar panelloù fotovoltaek, an tredan a c'haner dre wrez an heol, <a href="/wiki/Arkitektouriezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkitektouriezh">adeiladezh</a> an tiez ha <a href="/wiki/Fotosintezenn" title="Fotosintezenn">luc'hgevaoz</a> kevanaozet. </p><p>Daou zoare zo da dapout gremm an Heol, unan oberiat hag unan gouzañvat. </p> <ul><li>Oberiat eo an dastumerioù gouloù (panelloù fotovoltaek) hag an dastumeroù gwrez (destierioù).</li> <li>Gouzañvat eo sevel tiez a-du gant an Heol, arverañ danvez a vir ar wrez, ober gant <a href="/wiki/Gwer" title="Gwer">gwer</a> evel er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brouti (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">broutioù</a>.</li></ul> <p>E <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> e savas Amsez Etrebroadel ar Gremm a-du gant arver ar gremm heolel er bed a-bezh : </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Spletoù bras-meurbet a zeuio war hirdermen diwar diorrodadur kalvezerezhioù ar gremm heolel marc'had-mat, dihesk ha naet. A-drugarez dezho e kresko surentez gremmel ar broioù dre ober gant un andon lec'hiel, dihesk ha peuzdizalc'h diouzh an enporzh, e wellao ar badusted, e tigresko ar saotradur, e tigresko koust ar c'hemmoù hinel, hag e chomo an treloskoù kondon d'ur priz izeloc'h eget a-hend-all. Bedel eo ar spletoù-se. Neuze e rankfed sellet ouzh koust ar yalc'hadoù evit an diorroadur evel ouzh postadurioù deskardiñ ; dav eo o dispign en un doare fur hag o rannañ frank.</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </td> <td> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Minisolar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Minisolar.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="149" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Minipanell fotovoltaek</div></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gremm_heolel_fotovoltaek">Gremm heolel fotovoltaek</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm heolel fotovoltaek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm heolel fotovoltaek"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/08/Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png/300px-Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/08/Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png/450px-Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/0/08/Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png/600px-Gremm_elektronek-MLD.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Bannoù ar gremm elektronek</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Dre banelloù fotovoltaek e troer gouloù an Heol e tredan a-drugarez d'an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efed_fotovoltaek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efed fotovoltaek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">efed fotovoltaek</a> a voe arsellet gant ar <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizikour</a> gall <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmond_Becquerel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmond Becquerel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Edmond Becquerel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>) e <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a> : pa sko gouloù an Heol pe forzh pe c'houloù arall war ur gorread danvezel e vez lonket ar gremm gant an <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> a zo e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bann_amsav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bann amsav (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bann amsav</a> an danvez ; argridet e vezont hag e lammont e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bann_readur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bann readur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bann readur</a> an danvez kent bout en o frankiz. Lod eus an elektronennoù-se a vez c'hwimmet betek un danvez arall gant barr diabarzh an danvez-se (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Barr_Galvani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barr Galvani (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">barr Galvani</a>), ar pezh a c'han tredan<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Bras eo bet kresk marc'had ar panelloù fotovoltaek abaoe <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, ha darev eo da vout unan eus andonioù pennañ ar fardañ tredan er bed a-bezh. Goude bout kresket kalz e <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> ez eo stabilaet, pa 'z eus bet un tammig muioc'h hepken a varregezh e <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a> eget e dibenn 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-GMO2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMO2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Tost da 24 000 MW (24 <a href="/wiki/Giga" title="Giga">GW</a>) e oa barregezh ar panelloù fotovoltaek er bed e dibenn ar bloavezh <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> ; 40,7 GW e oa e dibenn <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> (+69,6%), ha 71,1 GW e dibenn 2011 (+74,7%). Tremen 100 GW a oa staliet er bed e dibenn 2012, ar pezh a c'hall kenderc'hañ 110 000 MW (100 <a href="/wiki/Tera" class="mw-disambig" title="Tera">TW</a>) a dredan bep bloaz – peadra da vastañ da ezhommoù un 30 milion a diegezhioù en Europa, a zo e penn ar marc'had gant tremen 70 GW staliet e 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-GMO2013_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMO2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gremm_heolel_gwrezel">Gremm heolel gwrezel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm heolel gwrezel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm heolel gwrezel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ferennoù</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melezour" title="Melezour">melezourioù</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parabolenn" class="mw-disambig" title="Parabolenn">parabolennoù</a> a vez staliet en un takad ec'hon evit dastum gouloù an Heol kent e zestiañ en un hordenn voan a-benn arverañ ar wrez da genderc'hañ tredan. Kement-se a c'haller ober dre veur a wikefre. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disvanner_Fresnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disvanner Fresnel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Disvannerioù Fresnel</a></b></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Melezourioù a zisvann gouloù an Heol war lugerioù a-benn tommañ korzennadoù burezh. </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td><small><b>1</b> - Gouloù<br /><b>2</b> - Disvannerioù<br /><b>3</b> - Luger</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png/220px-CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png/330px-CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png/440px-CLFR_Alternating_Inclination_numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png/220px-Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png/330px-Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Compact_Linear_Fresnel_Reflector_Absorber_numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Braslun ul luger</i><br /><small><b>1</b> - Gouloù<br /><b>2</b> - Disvannerioù<br /><b>3</b> - Plakenn luger<br /><b>4</b> - Korzennoù burezh<br /><b>5</b> - Gwrezdisfuiñ</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Keflusker_Stirling" title="Keflusker Stirling">Kefluskerioù Stirling</a></b></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2">Aer (pe <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Heliom" title="Heliom">heliom</a>) tommet gant gouloù destiet an Heol a dro ar wrez e gremm treloc'hel. </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="right"><small>Parabolenn gant ur c'heflusker Stirling<br /><i>Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA)</i>, Spagn</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:EuroDishSBP_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="EuroDish SBP"><img alt="EuroDish SBP" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuroDishSBP_front.jpg/220px-EuroDishSBP_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuroDishSBP_front.jpg/330px-EuroDishSBP_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuroDishSBP_front.jpg/440px-EuroDishSBP_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="841" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tour_heolel_(gremm)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tour heolel (gremm) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tourioù heolel</a></b></li></ul> <table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2">Dre galz melezourioù e testier gouloù an Heol a-benn magañ parkadoù bras panelloù fotovoltaek. </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td align="right"><small>Daou dour heolel <i>Planta Solar 20</i><br />e Sanlúcar la Mayor, Spagn<br />20 MW eo galloud ar greizenn wrezel-se.</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:PS20andPS10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PS20 ha PS10"><img alt="PS20 ha PS10" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PS20andPS10.jpg/220px-PS20andPS10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PS20andPS10.jpg/330px-PS20andPS10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PS20andPS10.jpg/440px-PS20andPS10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td> <div style="background-color:#FFFCAD; border:1px solid #f57704;"> <table cellpadding="5 px" cellspacing="5 px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p>Ur varregezh a 172,4 GW<sub>th</sub> a oa staliet e 53 bro e dibenn ar bloavezh <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>.<br /> Ur 4,1 milmilion a dud e oa poblañs hollek ar broioù-se, da lavaret eo war-dro 61% eus poblañs ar bed.<br /> E Sina hag en Europa e vez staliet ar muiañ a greizennoù heolel wrezel. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Barregezh staliet er bed e 2009 </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#E6E6E6"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <b>Sina</b></td> <td><b>58,9%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <b>Europa</b></td> <td><b>18,9%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Arall</b></td> <td>22,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> S. U. A.</td> <td>8,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> Aostralia &<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zeland_Nevez" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeland Nevez">Zeland Nevez</a></td> <td>3,0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suamerika" title="Suamerika">Suamerika</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Kreizamerika" title="Kreizamerika">Kreizamerika</a></td> <td>2,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a></td> <td>2,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>2,5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reter-Kreiz" title="Reter-Kreiz">Reter-Kreiz</a></td> <td>2,0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></td> <td>0,6% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Andon : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140121175924/http://solarthermalworld.org/content/solar-heat-worldwide-markets-and-contribution-energy-supply-2011"><i>GSTE</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Pal an holl wikefreoù-se eo tommañ ul liñvenn a servijo da genderc'hañ tredan pe da voniañ gremm<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bevdolz">Bevdolz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Bevdolz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bevdolz"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg/220px-Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg/330px-Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg/440px-Metz_biomass_power_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Kreizenn vevdolz <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></div>Diwar dilerc'hioù koad e kenderc'h tredan evit 30 000 annez.</figcaption></figure> <p>"Bevdolz" a reer eus danvez bevoniel a zeu eus bevedegoù bev pe marv nevez zo, <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> an darn vrasañ anezho.<br /> Evel andon gremm e c'hall ar bevdolz bout arveret end-eeun dre loskadur da c'henel gwrez, evel ar c'heuneud, pe en un doare ameeun goude bout bet troet da vevdrelosk dre argerzhioù <a href="/wiki/Kimiezh" title="Kimiezh">kimiek</a>, gwrezel pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bevgimiezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bevgimiezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vevgimiek</a>. </p><p>Ar <a href="/wiki/Koad" title="Koad">c'hoad</a> eo ar bevdolz paotañ : <a href="/wiki/Gwez" class="mw-disambig" title="Gwez">gwez</a> marv, skourroù, penngosoù, dilerc'hioù benadur, skolpennoù, lastez an tiez ha teil kêr.<br /> Bevdolz ivez eo ar plant hag al loened a c'hall bout troet da wiennoù pe da zanvezioù kimiek evel ar bevdreloskoù. Meur a spesad plant a vez arveret gant greanterezh ar bevdolz : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bambouz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bambouz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bambouz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanab" title="Kanab">kanab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korz-sukr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korz-sukr (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">korz-sukr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elv" title="Elv">elv</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukaliptuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eukaliptuz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">eukaliptuz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouezvell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouezvell (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gouezvell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haleg" title="Haleg">haleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maiz" title="Maiz">maiz</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miscanthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miscanthus (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">miscanthus</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmez_eoul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmez eoul (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">palmez eoul</a> <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tro-heol" title="Tro-heol">troioù-heol</a> eo ar re implijetañ. </p><p>E parkadoù a-ratozh e vez gounezet ar plant a dalvezo da drelosk en abeg da live uhel o askor dre <a href="/wiki/Hektar" title="Hektar">hektar</a> e-keñver ar c'hementad a c'hremm a vez arveret evit o gounit. Ar <a href="/wiki/Gwinizh" title="Gwinizh">gwinizh</a>, da skouer, a ro war-dro 7,5 <a href="/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm">t</a> a c'hreun dre hektar ha 4 t a blouz dre hektar ; gant ar greun e c'haller fardañ bevdrelosk evit ar <a href="/wiki/Karbed" title="Karbed">c'harbedoù</a>, ha devet e vez ar plouz a-benn kenderc'hañ gwrez pe dredan. Gant harp ar gimiezh e c'haller treiñ <a href="/wiki/Keluloz" title="Keluloz">keluloz</a> ar bevdolz da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukoz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glukoz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">c'hlukoz</a> a-benn ober <a href="/wiki/Sukr" title="Sukr">sukr</a> a servijo da vevdrelosk. </p><p>Tu zo ivez da arverañ ar bevdolz a-benn kenderc'hañ treloskoù evel ar <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>4</sub>, an <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O hag ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bevdiesel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bevdiesel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">bevdiesel</a>.<br /> Metan, a anver "bevaezhenn" ivez, a c'haller dastum diwar lastez o vreinañ, dilerc'hioù ar <a href="/wiki/Gounezerezh" title="Gounezerezh">gounezerezh</a> hag an dud. Etanol a farder diwar maiz ha korz-sukr goude bout o lakaet da c'hoiñ. Ar bevdiesel a genderc'her diwar dilerchioù boued evel al legumaj ha druzoni al loened<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Emeur oc'h ober enklaskoù a-benn arverañ <a href="/wiki/Bezhin" title="Bezhin">bezhin</a>, abalamour ma ne vez ket debret an darn vrasañ anezho ha ma c'haller gounez betek dek gwezh muioc'h anezho eget a blant war an douar. Dre o lakaat da c'hoiñ e c'haller kenderc'hañ bevdiesel, etanol, hidrogen ha metan. </p><p>Abaoe ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1970" title="Bloavezhioù 1970">bloavezhioù 1970</a> e vez kenderc'het etanol gant <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, a zo deuet da vout an ezporzher pennañ er bed hag an eil kenderc'her goude Stadoù-Unanet Amerika. Diwar korz-sukr e vez fardet an etanol-se, ha n'eus karbed ebet ken e Brazil hag a ya en-dro gant trelosk kondon hep etanol. Gwrez ha tredan a vez kenderc'het diwar dilerc'hioù ar fardañ etanol.<br /> En S. U. A. e vez 10% etanol er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strilheoul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strilheoul (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">strilheoul</a>, "E10" eo anv ar meskaj-se, ha fardet e vez kirri a c'hall mont en-dro gant muioc'h ag etanol c'hoazh. </p><p>E 2010 e teue 3% eus trelosk karbedoù ar bed eus ar bevdolz ; 31 Stad a lakae bevdrelosk en o zreloskoù kondon.<sup id="cite_ref-REN21_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REN21-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hervez an IEA e c'hallfe ar bevdreloskoù bastañ da dremen 25% eus ezhommoù ar bed er bloavezhioù 2050<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/2/2d/Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png/500px-Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/2/2d/Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png/750px-Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/2/2d/Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png/1000px-Bevdrelosko%C3%B9_2000-10.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">(*) AKDE = <a href="/wiki/Aozadur_evit_ar_C%27henober_hag_an_Diorren_Ekonomikel" title="Aozadur evit ar C'henober hag an Diorren Ekonomikel">Aozadur evit ar C'henober hag an Diorren Ekonomikel</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gremm_douarwrezel">Gremm douarwrezel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Gremm douarwrezel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Gremm douarwrezel"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/72/Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png/220px-Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/72/Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png/330px-Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/br/thumb/7/72/Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png/440px-Kreizenn_douarwrezel_Ferrara.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Kreizenn douarwrezel <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Geothermal_capacity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Geothermal_capacity.svg/220px-Geothermal_capacity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Geothermal_capacity.svg/330px-Geothermal_capacity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Geothermal_capacity.svg/440px-Geothermal_capacity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Barregezh ar gremm douarwrezel</div><small>Linenn ruz : barregezh ; linenn wer : kenderc'hadur</small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg/220px-Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg/330px-Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg/440px-Chaudes_aigues_source.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Eienenn havel e <a href="/wiki/Chaudes-Aigues" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaudes-Aigues">Chaudes-Aigues</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal_(departamant)" title="Cantal (departamant)">Cantal</a>)<br /><small>82 °C eo gwrezverk an dour</small></div></figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Douar_(planedenn)" title="Douar (planedenn)">Douar</a> emañ ar gremm gwrezel a vez anvet "douarwrez" ; diwar ar gremm-se e teu <a href="/wiki/Gwrezverk" title="Gwrezverk">gwrezverk</a> danvez an Douar.<br /> Daou orin zo d'ar gremm douarwrezel : stummadur ar blanedenn (20%) ha <a href="/wiki/Gremm_derc%27hanel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gremm derc'hanel">digevanidigezh</a> elfennoù ar mein (80%).<br /> Tremen 5 000 °C eo gwrezverk kalon an Douar, ur 6 400 k<a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">m</a> dindan e c'horre. Dre ar wrez hag ar <a href="/wiki/Gwask" class="mw-disambig" title="Gwask">gwask</a> a ren eno e teuz lod reier da stummañ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magma (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">magma</a> skañvoc'h eget ar reier sonnel ; pignat war-c'horre a ra ar magma neuze, ha tommañ reier ha dour krestenenn ar blanedenn betek war-dro 370 °C. Ar gremm-se eo a anver gremm douarwrezel<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Henoadvezh_ar_maen" title="Henoadvezh ar maen">Henoadvezh ar maen</a> dija e kouronke an dud e dourioù an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eienenn_havel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eienenn havel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">eien havel</a> ; ar <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman" title="Impalaeriezh roman">Romaned</a> a implije an dourioù-se evit tommañ o annezioù. Hiziv an deiz avat ez eo ar c'henderc'hañ tredan arver pennañ ar gremm douarwrezel. </p><p>Marc'hadmat, solius, padus ha naet eo ar gremm douarwrezel<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Betek-henn ne veze arveret nemet e-kichen bevennoù ar <a href="/wiki/Tektonik_ar_plakenno%C3%B9" title="Tektonik ar plakennoù">plakennoù tektonek</a>, hogen dre araokadennoù kalvezel ez eo bet ec'honaet an tachennoù ma kaver mammennoù gremm douarwrezel bras ha solius evit tommañ an annezioù.<br /> Dre ar puñsoù erlemel e pign aezhennoù <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwered_brouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwered brouti (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gwered brouti</a> a oa paket e diabarzh ar blanedenn, met kalz nebeutoc'h a vez bannet en <a href="/wiki/Atmosferenn" title="Atmosferenn">aergelc'h</a> eget gant an treloskoù kondon ; digesket e vije <a href="/wiki/Tommadur_ar_blanedenn" title="Tommadur ar blanedenn">tommadur ar blanedenn</a> neuze mar bije diorroet arver ar gremm douarwrezel e-lec'h hini an treloskoù kondon. </p><p>E 2013 e oa ur varregezh dreist 1 780 MW gant ar c'hreizennoù douarwrezel a oa war sevel e 12 Stad<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Kreizennoù douarwrezel<br /> war sevel e 2013 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Stad </th> <th scope="col">Niver a<br />greizennoù </th> <th scope="col">Barregezh<br />(MW) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Alamagn</td> <td>9</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Bro-C'hall</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>296 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>(dianav) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Filipinez" title="Filipinez">Filipinez</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>110 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>465 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>260 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>3,253 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mec%27hiko" title="Mec'hiko">Mec'hiko</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a></td> <td>12</td> <td>311 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">S. U. A.</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>174,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><b>Hollad</b></i></td> <td><i><b>56</b></i></td> <td><i><b>1 784,653</b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redioù"><span id="Redio.C3.B9"></span>Redioù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Redioù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Redioù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg/220px-Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg/330px-Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg/440px-Fire_and_carbon_smoke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Bevdolz o teviñ</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Alies e vez droukvesket "gremm adnevezadus" ha "gremm naet" ; gant ar gremmoù naet ne vez kenderc'het saotradur ebet, pe re nebeut evit noazout d'an endro, padal e c'hall ar gremmoù adnevezadus louzañ an natur : dre zastum ha deviñ ar bevdolz e c'haller kemmañ an endro ha saotrañ an aer.<br /> Noazus eo an holl c'hremmoù adnevezadus eta, en un doare eun pe ameeun. </p><p>Hervez ar metoù eo natur ha kementad ar gremmoù adnevezadus : nebeud ha vevdolz ha kalz heol zo e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouelec%27h&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouelec'h (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gouelec'h</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, kalz gremm douarwrezel zo en Island pa'z eus nebeut a heol eno. An natur hec'h-unan neuze a levezon ar c'hementad a c'hremm adnevezadus a c'haller arverañ.<br /> Un diskoulm d'ar gudenn-se eo boniañ ar gremm, an tredan e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daspugner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daspugner (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">daspugnerioù</a>, an dour en oglennoù da skouer. </p><p>A-benn bastañ da ezhommoù ar bed a-bezh e ranker etrekennaskañ ar rouedadoù tredan, evit kas tredan heolel ar Su d'an Norzh pe tredan arluzel ar C'hornôg d'ar Reter, kement-se evit reoliañ an diforc'hioù a bourvezadur hag a c'houlenn a c'hoarvez hervez an amzer hag ar rannvloazioù. </p><p>Jedet ez eus bet e c'hallfer bastañ da ezhommoù gremmel ar bed a-bezh a-benn ugent pe daou-ugent vloaz gant ardivinkoù da arverañ gremmoù adnevezadus bet staliet war 0,4% eus gorread an Douar. Kevatal da hini an treloskoù kondon hag ar <a href="/wiki/Gremm_derc%27hanel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gremm derc'hanel">gremm derc'hanel</a> e vefe ar c'houst, met ret e vefe degas kemmoù bras er rouedadoù kenderc'hañ, boniañ ha dasparzhañ ar gremm, ar pezh a zo hervez youl ar <a href="/wiki/Kevredigezh" title="Kevredigezh">c'hevredigezhioù</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Politikerezh" title="Politikerezh">bolitikourion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levlennadur">Levlennadur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Levlennadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Levlennadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Gremmoù adnevezadus dre vras</dt></dl> <ul><li>Bjørn Lomborg (2001), <i>The Skeptical Environmentalist – Measuring the Real State of the World</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9780521010689" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-01068-9</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></li> <li>Bjørn Lomborg (2010), <i>Cool it - The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming</i>, Vintage, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/0307741109" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-307-74110-9</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hervez B. Lomborg ez eo diefedus ha re goustus an obererezhioù emeur o lakaat e pleustr a-benn stourm ouzh tommadur an hin er bed, gwell e vije labourat a-zevri war gudennoù war verrdermen ha tostoc'h da vuhez pemdez an dud, evel ar yec'hed hag ar pourchas dour boull.</dd> <dd>Gwelit ivez, gant an hevelep aozer, <i>The Poverty of Renewable</i> (17 Meu 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/bj-rn-lomborg-says-that-the-prevailing-solution-to-global-warming-is-hurting-the-poor-more-than-the-problem-is"><i>Project Syndicate</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Philippe Poggi (2011), <i>Les énergies renouvelables - Intégration du solaire photovoltaique et de l'éolien dans les systèmes électriques insulaires</i>, Éditions Universitaires Europeennes, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9786131598371" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-613-1-59837-1</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Claude Acket & Jacques Vaillant (2011), <i>Les énergies renouvelables</i>, Technip, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782710809548" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7108-0954-8</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Jacques Vernier (2014), <i>Les énergies renouvelables</i>, Presses Universitaires de France, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782130626350" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-13-062635-0</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gremm aerluzel</dt></dl> <ul><li>Désiré Le Gouriérès (2008), <i>Les éoliennes</i>, Moulin Cadiou, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782710809548" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7108-0954-8</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Jean-Louis Butté (2008), <i>L'imposture - Pourquoi l'éolien est un danger pour la France</i>, Éditions du Toucan, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782810001927" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-8100-0192-7</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Corinne Dubois, <i>Le guide de l'éolien, techniques et pratiques</i>, Eyrolles, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782212124316" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-212-12431-6</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gremm dourrenel</dt></dl> <ul><li>Académie des Technologies (2009), <i>L'énergie hydroélectrique et l'énergie éolienne</i>, Le Manuscrit, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782304027884" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-304-02788-4</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Pierre-Louis Viollet (2006), <i>Histoire de l'énergie hydraulique</i>, Presses de l'École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782859784140" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-85978-414-0</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gremm heolel</dt></dl> <ul><li>J. C. Bria & Precepta, <i>Marche de l'énergie solaire</i>, Precepta, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782819000495" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-8190-0049-5</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Michel Tissot (2011), <i>Le guide de l'énergie solaire et photovoltaïque</i>, Eyrolles, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782212133202" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-212-13320-2</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Bevdolz</dt></dl> <ul><li>Laurent Piermont (1982), <i>L'énergie verte</i>, Seuil, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782020061926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-02-006192-6</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Hervé Bichat & Paul Matisse (2013), <i>La biomasse, énergie d'avenir ?</i>, Quae, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782759219124" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7592-1912-4</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gremm douarwrezel</dt></dl> <ul><li>Jean Lemale (2012), <i>La géothermie</i>, Dunod, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782100572380" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-10-057238-0</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Gremm douarwrezel ha bevdolz</dt></dl> <ul><li>Jean-Claude Sabonnadière (2007), <i>Géothermie et énergies de la biomasse</i>, Hermès Science, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782746215030" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7462-1503-0</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li> <li>Loïc Chauveau (2010), <i>L'énergie de la Terre</i>, Le Cherche Midi, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782749117423" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7491-1742-3</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liammoù_diavaez"><span id="Liammo.C3.B9_diavaez"></span>Liammoù diavaez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Liammoù diavaez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Liammoù diavaez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122074056/http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-CSP.pdf"><i>International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daveennoù_brezhonek"><span id="Daveenno.C3.B9_brezhonek"></span>Daveennoù brezhonek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Daveennoù brezhonek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Daveennoù brezhonek"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yann-Baol an Noalleg (2006), <i>Geriadur ar Fizik</i>, Preder, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782901383642" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-901383-64-2</a>)</small></li> <li>Yann-Baol an Noalleg (2008), <i>Geriadur ar Gimiezh</i>, Preder, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782901383697" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-901383-69-7</a>)</small></li> <li>Martial Ménard (2012), <i>Dictionnaire français-breton</i>, Palantines <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782356780690" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-35678-069-0</a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notennoù"><span id="Notenno.C3.B9"></span>Notennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Notennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Notennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2; -moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opab-oplb.org/TERME/%C3%A9nergie+renouvelable/NOM/0/LANGUE/_FR/opTER/TER_DOMAINE_FR++asc+%2CTER_TERMEVEDETTE_FR++asc/cpTER/a363d8717af804d32ca4/mpTER/30/TPL_CODE/TPL_TERMOFIS/FpTER/Rechercher/87-termofis.htm">TermOfis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brezhoneg21 - Eil Derez Diwan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-REN21-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-REN21_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-REN21_3-1">3,1</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-REN21_3-2">3,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR2011_FINAL.pdf"><i>Renewables 2011 - Global Status Report</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2013/GSR2013_lowres.pdf"><i>Renewables 2013 - Global Status Report</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/ETP2012SUM.pdf"><i>International Energy Agency (IEA)</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SL_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steve Leone (25 Eost 11), <i>U. N. Secretary-General: Renewables Can End Energy Poverty</i>, en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/08/u-n-secretary-general-renewables-can-end-energy-poverty?cmpid=WNL-Friday-August26-2011"><i>Energy World</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Kris Hirst, <i>The Discovery of Fire</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112213352/http://archaeology.about.com/od/ancientdailylife/qt/fire_control.htm"><i>Archeology</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/W/AE_wind_energy.html"><i>Encyclopedia of Alternative Energy</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey Jones & Loubna Bouamane (2012), <i>"Power from Sunshine":A Business History of Solar Energy</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/12-105.pdf"><i>Harvard Business School</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. King Hubbert (1956), <i>Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527233843/http://www.hubbertpeak.com/hubbert/1956/1956.pdf"><i>American Petroleum Institute</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206133548/http://solarstartechnologies.com/id69.html"><i>History of PV Solar</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140423231129/http://www.umass.edu/windenergy/publications/published/communityWindFactSheets/RERL_Fact_Sheet_2a_Capacity_Factor.pdf"><i>Wind Energy Center</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cristina L. Archer & Mark Z. Jacobson, <i>Evaluation of Global Wind Power</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/winds/global_winds.html"><i>Stanford University</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taramundi.es/casa-del-agua"><i>Casa del Agua</i></a> e Taramundi <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : spagnoleg">(es)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109104239/https://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/solar2011SUM.pdf"><i>IEA</i></a>, p. 22. <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwelit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damkaniezh_ar_banno%C3%B9_gremm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damkaniezh ar bannoù gremm (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">damkaniezh ar bannoù gremm</a> en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.iutenligne.net/chimie/valls/chimie-du-solide/propri_semiconducteurs_1.htm"><i>IUT en ligne</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMO2013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GMO2013_17-0">17,0</a></sup> ha<sup><a href="#cite_ref-GMO2013_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219143551/http://www.epia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/GMO_2013_-_Final_PDF.pdf"><i>Global Market Outlook 2013 - European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA)</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Martin & Yogi Goswami (2005), <i>Solar Energy Pocket Reference</i>, International Solar Energy Society, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9780977128204" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-9771282-0-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=biomass_home-basics-k.cfm"><i>U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722231200/http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/biofuels_roadmap.pdf"><i>IEA / Technology Roadmap</i></a> p. 5 <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Turcotte & Gerald Schubert (2002), <i>Geodynamics</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9780521666244" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-66624-4</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William E. Glassley (2010), <i>Geothermal Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment</i>, CRC Press, <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9781420075700" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4200-7570-0</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107160516/http://geo-energy.org/events/2013%20International%20Report%20Final.pdf"><i>Geothermal Energy Association (GEA)</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Bergeron (25 GEN 2012), <i>The world can be powered by alternative energy, using today's technology, in 20-40 years</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-01/su-twc012511.php"><i>Eurekalert</i></a> <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <dl><dd><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=fr&ie=UTF8&rurl=translate.google.fr&sl=en&tl=fr&u=http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/29063.php%3Ffrom%3D177403"><i>Google</i></a></dd></dl> </span></li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adtapet diwar « <a dir="ltr" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&oldid=2119643">https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energiezh_nevezadus&oldid=2119643</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Rummado%C3%B9" title="Dibar:Rummadoù">Rummad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Energiezh" title="Rummad:Energiezh">Energiezh</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Rummad kuzhet: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Pajenno%C3%B9_a_ra_gant_liammo%C3%B9_burzhudus_ISBN" title="Rummad:Pajennoù a ra gant liammoù burzhudus ISBN">Pajennoù a ra gant liammoù burzhudus ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kemmoù diwezhañ degaset d'ar bajenn-mañ d'an 19 Du 2024, da 12:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Gallout a reer implijout an testennoù zo dindan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.br">an Aotre-Implijout Creative Commons Dereiñ/Kenrannañ diouzh an hevelep divizoù</a>; divizoù ouzhpenn a c'hall bezañ ivez. 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