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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pengelasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengelasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pengelasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengelasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanda_dan_gejala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanda_dan_gejala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tanda dan gejala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tanda_dan_gejala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Tanda dan gejala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tanda_dan_gejala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kehilangan_upaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehilangan_upaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kehilangan upaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehilangan_upaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faktor-faktor_risiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faktor-faktor_risiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Faktor-faktor risiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faktor-faktor_risiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radang sendi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 85 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84" title="التهاب المفاصل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التهاب المفاصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%90%DC%92_%DC%AB%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܟܐܒ ܫܪܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܐܒ ܫܪܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D6%85%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2" title="Յօդաբորբ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յօդաբորբ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مفصل ایلتیهابی/آرتریت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مفصل ایلتیهابی/آرتریت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="বাত – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynegon" title="Gwynegon – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwynegon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamb%C9%94%C5%8Bgbara" title="Kambɔŋgbara – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kambɔŋgbara" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigt" title="Gigt – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gigt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%AA%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0_%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ހުޅުތައް ދުޅަވުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހުޅުތައް ދުޅަވުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liigesep%C3%B5letik" title="Liigesepõletik – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liigesepõletik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Αρθρίτιδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρθρίτιδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrito" title="Artrito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artrito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84" title="التهاب مفصل – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="التهاب مفصل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrite" title="Arthrite – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arthrite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtr%C3%ADteas" title="Airtríteas – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airtríteas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4an-chiet-y%C3%A0m" title="Kôan-chiet-yàm – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kôan-chiet-yàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%A0%88%EC%97%BC" title="관절염 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관절염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2" title="Հոդաբորբ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոդաբորբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A5" title="संधि शोथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संधि शोथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrito" title="Artrito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artrito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דלקת מפרקים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלקת מפרקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4" title="ಸಂಧಿವಾತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಧಿವಾತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ართრიტი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ართრიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Шорбуын – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шорбуын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artr%C4%ABts" title="Artrīts – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Artrīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritas" title="Artritas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artritas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amakajja" title="Amakajja – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amakajja" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dz%C3%BCleti_gyullad%C3%A1s" title="Ízületi gyulladás – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ízületi gyulladás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Артритис – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Артритис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സന്ധിവാതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സന്ധിവാതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="အဆစ်အမြစ်ရောင် ရောဂါ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဆစ်အမြစ်ရောင် ရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5" title="बाथ – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाथ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2%E7%AF%80%E7%82%8E" title="関節炎 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="関節炎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritt" title="Artritt – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artritt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ଆର୍ଥ୍ରାଇଟିସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆର୍ଥ୍ରାଇଟିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਗਠੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਠੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB" title="ဆွတ်ꩻဆွုမ်ႏယော့ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဆွတ်ꩻဆွုမ်ႏယော့ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84" title="រោគឈឺចាប់ក្នុងសន្លាក់ឆ្អឹង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រោគឈឺចាប់ក្នុងសន្លាក់ឆ្អឹង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapalenie_staw%C3%B3w" title="Zapalenie stawów – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapalenie stawów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrite" title="Artrite – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artrite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit%C4%83" title="Artrită – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artrită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="जानुवातः सन्धिवातश्च – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जानुवातः सन्धिवातश्च" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artriti" title="Artriti – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Artriti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arthritis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit%C3%ADda" title="Artritída – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artritída" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھەوکردنی جومگەکان – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەوکردنی جومگەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapaljenje_zgloba" title="Zapaljenje zgloba – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zapaljenje zgloba" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveltulehdus" title="Niveltulehdus – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niveltulehdus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledinflammation" title="Ledinflammation – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ledinflammation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மூட்டழற்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூட்டழற்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B3%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కీళ్ళనొప్పులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కీళ్ళనొప్పులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhuo%C5%8B" title="Adhuoŋ – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Adhuoŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A" title="ข้ออักเสบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้ออักเสบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm_kh%E1%BB%9Bp" title="Viêm khớp – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viêm khớp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artrit" title="Artrit – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artrit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Артрит – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артрит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="نقرس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نقرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artritis" title="Artritis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Artritis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="关节炎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80%E7%82%8E" title="關節炎 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="關節炎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E7%82%8E" title="关节炎 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="关节炎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arthritis" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170990" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Jangan dikelirukan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arteritis (laman tidak wujud)">Arteritis</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Artritis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="gambar tangan warga emas yang menggambarkan artritis reumatoid lanjutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/300px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/450px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG/600px-Rheumatoid_Arthritis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Tangan yang terkesan <a href="/wiki/Artritis_reumatoid" title="Artritis reumatoid">artritis reumatoid</a>, satu bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autoimun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autoimun (laman tidak wujud)">autoimun</a> arthritis</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sebutan</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/English" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑːr/ 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ˈ/ tekanan primer ikuti">ˈ</span><span title="/θ/ 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/ 'i' pendek dalam 'kiri'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' dalam 'satu'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pengkhususan_(perubatan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengkhususan (perubatan)">Pengkhususan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reumatologi" title="Reumatologi">Reumatologi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gejala</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artralgia" title="Artralgia">Sakit sendi</a>, kekakuan, kemerahan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efusi_sendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efusi sendi (laman tidak wujud)">bengkak</a>, kekurangab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julat_pergerakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julat pergerakan (laman tidak wujud)">julat pergerakan</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kerumitan_(perubatan)" title="Kerumitan (perubatan)">Kerumitan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindrom_kesakitan_muskuloskeletal_kuat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindrom kesakitan muskuloskeletal kuat (laman tidak wujud)">Sindrom kesakitan muskuloskeletal kuat</a><sup id="cite_ref-ChildrensHealth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChildrensHealth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data">> 100, paling biasa (<a href="/wiki/Osteoartritis" title="Osteoartritis">osteoartritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artritis_reumatoid" title="Artritis reumatoid">artritis reumatoid</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Ath2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ath2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Faktor_risiko" title="Faktor risiko">Faktor risiko</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Sejarah keluarga, umur, sifat jantina, kecederaan sendi sebelumnya, obesiti.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rawatan</th><td class="infobox-data">Berehat, demah ais atau haba, penurunan berat badan, senaman, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggantian_sendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggantian sendi (laman tidak wujud)">penggantian sendi</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Rawatan perubatan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol">parasetamol</a> (asetaminofen)<sup id="cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa;text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left" title="Sunting bahagian atas laman"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;" title="Sunting puncak laman ini">sunting</span></a></span><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_keadaan_perubatan" title="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini"><img alt="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/13px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/26px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Lihat pendokumenan templat ini</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Artritis</b> atau <b>radang sendi</b> ialah istilah yang sering digunakan untuk membawa maksud sebarang gangguan yang menjejaskan <a href="/wiki/Sendi" title="Sendi">sendi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gejala biasanya termasuk <a href="/wiki/Artralgia" title="Artralgia">sakit sendi</a> dan kekakuan.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gejala lain mungkin termasuk kemerahan, kehangatan, bengkak, dan penurunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julat_pergerakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julat pergerakan (laman tidak wujud)">julat pergerakan</a> sendi terjejas.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam sesetengah jenis radang sendi, organ lain juga terjejas. <sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permulaan radang boleh secara beransur-ansur atau tiba-tiba.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terdapat lebih 100 jenis artritis.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ath2013_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ath2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentuk yang paling biasa ialah <a href="/wiki/Osteoartritis" title="Osteoartritis">osteoartritis</a> (penyakit sendi degeneratif) dan <a href="/wiki/Artritis_reumatoid" title="Artritis reumatoid">artritis reumatoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osteoartritis biasanya berlaku mengikut faktor usia dan menjejaskan jari, lutut, dan pinggul.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artritis reumatoid ialah <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_autoimun" title="Penyakit autoimun">gangguan autoimun</a> yang sering menjejaskan tangan dan kaki.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jenis lain termasuk <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lupus_eritematosus_sistemik" title="Lupus eritematosus sistemik">lupus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibromialgia" title="Fibromialgia">fibromialgia</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artritis_septik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artritis septik (laman tidak wujud)">artritis septik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semuanya adalah jenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_reumatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit reumatik (laman tidak wujud)">penyakit reumatik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rawatan mungkin termasuk merehatkan sendi dan berselang-seli antara menggunakan ais dan haba.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penurunan berat badan dan senaman juga mungkin membantu.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ubat yang disyorkan mungkin bergantung pada bentuk artritis.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini mungkin termasuk ubat tahan sakit seperti <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Parasetamol" title="Parasetamol">parasetamol</a> (acetaminophen).<sup id="cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam sesetengah keadaan, penggantian sendi mungkin berguna.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osteoartritis menjejaskan lebih daripada 3.8% orang, manakala artritis reumatoid menjejaskan kira-kira 0.24% orang.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gout menjejaskan kira-kira 1–2% penduduk <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">Barat</a> pada satu ketika dalam kehidupan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2010_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2010-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Australia kira-kira 15% orang mengalami artritis,<sup id="cite_ref-ABS2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> manakala di Amerika Syarikat lebih daripada 20% mempunyai jenis artritis.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara keseluruhan penyakit ini menjadi lebih biasa seiring pertambahan usia.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artritis adalah sebab biasa orang ramai terlepas kerja dan boleh mengakibatkan penurunan kualiti hidup.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortho2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah ini berasal daripada <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arthr-" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:arthr-">arthr-</a></i> (bermaksud 'sendi') dan <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-itis#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:-itis">-itis</a></i> (bermaksud 'keradangan').<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengelasan">Pengelasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengelasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengelasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat beberapa penyakit yang dihadiri sakit sendi sebagai penyakit utama, dan dianggap sebagai ciri utama. Secara amnya apabila seseorang menghidap "artritis" ia bermakna mereka mempunyai salah satu daripada penyakit ini, yang termasuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemartrosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemartrosis (laman tidak wujud)">Hemartrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoartritis" title="Osteoartritis">Osteoartritis</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artritis_reumatoid" title="Artritis reumatoid">Artritis reumatoid</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">Gout</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_pemendapan_kalsium_pirofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit pemendapan kalsium pirofosfat (laman tidak wujud)">pseudogout</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artritis_septik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artritis septik (laman tidak wujud)">Artritis septik</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankilosis_spondilitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ankilosis spondilitis (laman tidak wujud)">Ankilosis spondilitis</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Artritis idiopatik juvenil <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_Still&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit Still (laman tidak wujud)">Penyakit Still</a> <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artritis_psoriatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artritis psoriatik (laman tidak wujud)">Artritis psoriatik</a> <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sakit sendi juga boleh menjadi gejala penyakit lain. Dalam kes ini, artritis dianggap sebagai sekunder kepada penyakit utama; ini termasuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">Psoriasis</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Artritis reaktif<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindrom_Ehlers-Danlos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindrom Ehlers-Danlos (laman tidak wujud)">Sindrom Ehlers–Danlos</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beban_berlebihan_besi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beban berlebihan besi (laman tidak wujud)">Beban besi</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Hepatitis" title="Penyakit Hepatitis">Hepatitis</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Lyme" title="Penyakit Lyme">Penyakit Lyme</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindrom_Sj%C3%B6gren" title="Sindrom Sjögren">Penyakit Sjögren</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiroiditis_Hashimoto" title="Tiroiditis Hashimoto">Tiroiditis Hashimoto</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyakit_seliak" title="Penyakit seliak">Penyakit seliak</a><sup id="cite_ref-GuandaliniAssiri2014_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuandaliniAssiri2014-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensitiviti_gluten_bukan_celiac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensitiviti gluten bukan celiac (laman tidak wujud)">Sensitiviti gluten bukan seliak</a><sup id="cite_ref-FasanoSapone2015_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FasanoSapone2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VoltaCaio2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoltaCaio2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CatassiBai2013_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatassiBai2013-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyakit_usus_radang" title="Penyakit usus radang">Penyakit usus radang</a> (termasuk <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Crohn" title="Penyakit Crohn">penyakit Crohn</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kolitis_ulseratif" title="Kolitis ulseratif">kolitis ulseratif</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purpura_Henoch%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nlein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purpura Henoch–Schönlein (laman tidak wujud)">Henoch–Schönlein purpura</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperimunoglobulinemia_D_dengan_demam_berulang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperimunoglobulinemia D dengan demam berulang (laman tidak wujud)">Hiperimunoglobulinemia D dengan demam berulang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkoidosis" title="Sarkoidosis">Sarkoidosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyakit_Whipple" title="Penyakit Whipple">Penyakit Whipple</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sindrom_berkala_berkaitan_reseptor_TNF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindrom berkala berkaitan reseptor TNF (laman tidak wujud)">Sindrom berkala berkaitan reseptor TNF</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Granulomatosis_dengan_polangiitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Granulomatosis dengan polangiitis (laman tidak wujud)">Granulomatosis dengan polangiitis</a> (dan banyak sindrom <a href="/wiki/Radang_pembuluh_darah" title="Radang pembuluh darah">vaskulitis</a> lain)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demam_Mediterranean_keluarga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demam Mediterranean keluarga (laman tidak wujud)">Demam Mediterranean keluarga</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupus_eritematosus_sistemik" title="Lupus eritematosus sistemik">Lupus eritematosus sistemik</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><i>Artritis yang tidak dibezakan</i> ialah artritis yang tidak sesuai dengan kategori penyakit klinikal yang terkenal, mungkin merupakan peringkat awal penyakit reumatik yang pasti.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tanda_dan_gejala">Tanda dan gejala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Tanda dan gejala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tanda dan gejala"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ciri-ciri tambahan artikular penyakit sendi <sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodul_(perubatan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodul (perubatan) (laman tidak wujud)">Nodul</a> <a href="/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit">kulit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luka <a href="/wiki/Radang_pembuluh_darah" title="Radang pembuluh darah">vaskulitis</a> kulit </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limfadenopati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limfadenopati (laman tidak wujud)">Limfadenopati</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Edema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keradangan" title="Keradangan">Keradangan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">okular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uretritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uretritis (laman tidak wujud)">Uretritis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenosinovitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenosinovitis (laman tidak wujud)">Tenosinovitis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efusi (laman tidak wujud)">efusi</a> selaput <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendon</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bursitis (bengkak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bursa_(anatomi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bursa (anatomi) (laman tidak wujud)">bursa</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diarea" title="Diarea">Cirit-birit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulser_(dermatologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulser (dermatologi) (laman tidak wujud)">Ulser</a> orogenital </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sakit, yang boleh berbeza-beza dalam keterukan, adalah gejala biasa dalam hampir semua jenis artritis.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gejala lain termasuk <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">bengkak</a>, kekakuan sendi, kemerahan, dan sakit di sekitar sendi.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangguan artritis seperti <a href="/wiki/Lupus_eritematosus_sistemik" title="Lupus eritematosus sistemik">lupus</a> dan artritis reumatoid boleh menjejaskan organ lain dalam badan, yang membawa kepada pelbagai gejala.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gejala mungkin termasuk:<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2014_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ketidakupayaan untuk menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Tangan" title="Tangan">tangan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Berjalan" title="Berjalan">berjalan</a></li> <li>Kekakuan pada satu atau lebih sendi</li> <li>Ruam atau gatal</li> <li>Ketidakselesaan dan keletihan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehilangan_berat_badan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehilangan berat badan (laman tidak wujud)">Pengurangan berat badan</a></li> <li>Kurang tidur</li> <li>Sakit dan <a href="/wiki/Mialgia" title="Mialgia">sakit otot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyeri" title="Nyeri">Nyeri</a></li> <li>Kesukaran menggerakkan sendi</li></ul> <p>Ia adalah perkara biasa dalam artritis lanjutan untuk perubahan sekunder yang ketara berlaku. Sebagai contoh, gejala artritis mungkin menyukarkan seseorang untuk bergerak dan/atau bersenam, yang boleh membawa kepada kesan sampingan, seperti: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/220px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/330px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg/440px-Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption> Ilustrasi kaki terkena gout.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelemahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelemahan (laman tidak wujud)">Kelemahan</a> otot</li> <li>Kehilangan <a href="/wiki/Kelenturan_(anatomi)" title="Kelenturan (anatomi)">fleksibiliti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senaman_aerobik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senaman aerobik (laman tidak wujud)">Kecergasan aerobik</a> menurun</li></ul> <p>Perubahan ini, sebagai tambahan kepada gejala utama, boleh memberi impak yang besar kepada kualiti hidup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kehilangan_upaya">Kehilangan upaya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kehilangan upaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kehilangan upaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arthritis adalah punca <a href="/wiki/Kehilangan_upaya" title="Kehilangan upaya">kehilangan upaya</a> yang paling biasa di Amerika Syarikat. Lebih daripada 20 juta individu dengan artritis mempunyai batasan yang teruk dalam fungsi setiap hari.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dianggarkan bahawa jumlah kos kes artritis adalah hampir $100 bilion iaitu hampir 50% daripadanya adalah daripada kehilangan punca pendapatan. Setiap tahun, artritis mengakibatkan hampir 1 juta orang dimasukkan ke hospital dan hampir 45 juta lawatan pesakit luar ke pusat <a href="/wiki/Penjagaan_kesihatan" title="Penjagaan kesihatan">penjagaan kesihatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mobiliti yang berkurangan, dalam kombinasi dengan gejala di atas, boleh menyukarkan seseorang individu untuk kekal aktif secara fizikal, menyumbang kepada peningkatan risiko obesiti, <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> tinggi atau terdedah kepada <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_kardiovaskular" title="Penyakit kardiovaskular">penyakit jantung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang yang menghidap artritis juga menghadapi peningkatan risiko <a href="/wiki/Kecelaruan_episod_kemurungan_major" title="Kecelaruan episod kemurungan major">kemurungan</a>, yang mungkin merupakan tindak balas kepada pelbagai faktor, termasuk ketakutan gejala yang semakin teruk.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faktor-faktor_risiko">Faktor-faktor risiko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Faktor-faktor risiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Faktor-faktor risiko"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat faktor risiko biasa yang meningkatkan peluang seseorang untuk menghidap artritis kemudian pada masa dewasa. Sebahagian daripada ini boleh diubah suai manakala yang lain tidak.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merokok telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kerentanan untuk mendapat artritis, terutamanya reumatoid artritis.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antara faktor risiko untuk radang sendi termasuklah; </p> <ul><li>Usia</li> <li>Jantina</li> <li>Genetik / Keturunan</li> <li>Berat Badan Berlebihan</li> <li>Mempunyai Sejarah Kecederaan / Trauma</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/arthritis">"arthritis noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com&rft.atitle=arthritis+noun+-+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Farthritis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIH2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/arthritis-rheumatic-diseases/advanced">"Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases"</a>. <i>NIAMS</i>. October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004183408/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/arthritis_rheumatic.asp">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 4 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIAMS&rft.atitle=Arthritis+and+Rheumatic+Diseases&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niams.nih.gov%2Fhealth-topics%2Farthritis-rheumatic-diseases%2Fadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/types.html">"Arthritis Types"</a>. <i>CDC</i>. June 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914024651/http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/types.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 14 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft.atitle=Arthritis+Types&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Farthritis%2Fbasics%2Ftypes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChildrensHealth-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChildrensHealth_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps">"Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)"</a>. Children's Health.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amplified+Musculoskeletal+Pain+Syndrome+%28AMPS%29&rft.pub=Children%27s+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childrens.com%2Fspecialties-services%2Fconditions%2Famplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ath2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ath2013_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ath2013_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAthanasiouDarlingHuDuRaine2013" class="citation book cs1">Athanasiou KA, Darling EM, Hu JC, DuRaine GD, Reddi AH (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn_RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA105"><i>Articular Cartilage</i></a>. CRC Press. m/s. 105. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781439853252" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781439853252"><bdi>9781439853252</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Articular+Cartilage&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781439853252&rft.aulast=Athanasiou&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.au=Darling%2C+EM&rft.au=Hu%2C+JC&rft.au=DuRaine%2C+GD&rft.au=Reddi%2C+AH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBn_RBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2016Bas-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2016Bas_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/index.html">"Arthritis Basics"</a>. <i>CDC</i>. May 9, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917131226/http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/index.html">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 17 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft.atitle=Arthritis+Basics&rft.date=2016-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Farthritis%2Fbasics%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIH2014Liv-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2014Liv_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/default.asp">"Living With Arthritis: Health Information Basics for You and Your Family"</a>. <i>NIAMS</i>. July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004182949/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/default.asp">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 4 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIAMS&rft.atitle=Living+With+Arthritis%3A+Health+Information+Basics+for+You+and+Your+Family&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niams.nih.gov%2FHealth_Info%2FArthritis%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772#:~:text=Arthritis%20is%20the%20swelling%20and,are%20osteoarthritis%20and%20rheumatoid%20arthritis.">"Arthritis – Overview"</a>. <i>mayoclinic.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mayoclinic.org&rft.atitle=Arthritis+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdiseases-conditions%2Farthritis%2Fsymptoms-causes%2Fsyc-20350772%23%3A~%3Atext%3DArthritis%2520is%2520the%2520swelling%2520and%2Care%2520osteoarthritis%2520and%2520rheumatoid%2520arthritis.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ortho2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ortho2007_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00208">"Arthritis: An Overview"</a>. <i>OrthoInfo</i>. October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919140737/http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00208">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 19 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthoInfo&rft.atitle=Arthritis%3A+An+Overview&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthoinfo.aaos.org%2Ftopic.cfm%3Ftopic%3DA00208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCleggJackson2013" class="citation book cs1">Clegg HB, Jackson L (2013). <i>Eating well to fight arthritis: 200 easy recipes and practical tips to help reduce inflammation and ease symptoms</i>. Favorite Recipes Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-9815640-5-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-9815640-5-0"><bdi>978-0-9815640-5-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/854909375">854909375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eating+well+to+fight+arthritis%3A+200+easy+recipes+and+practical+tips+to+help+reduce+inflammation+and+ease+symptoms&rft.pub=Favorite+Recipes+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F854909375&rft.isbn=978-0-9815640-5-0&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=HB&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knees or Hips". <i>Case Medical Research</i>. 2019-10-01. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31525%2Fct1-nct04110847">10.31525/ct1-nct04110847</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2643-4652">2643-4652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Case+Medical+Research&rft.atitle=Traditional+Chinese+Medicine+Formula+in+the+Treatment+of+Osteoarthritis+of+Knees+or+Hips.&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31525%2Fct1-nct04110847&rft.issn=2643-4652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/arthritis.htm">"Arthritis"</a>. <i>CDC</i>. July 22, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922021640/http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/arthritis.htm">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 22 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft.atitle=Arthritis&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fchronicdisease%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Faag%2Farthritis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>SIDE EFFECTS MAY INCLUDE STRANGERS</i>, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020-10-22, m/s. 27, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1ghv4jh.24">10.2307/j.ctv1ghv4jh.24</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SIDE+EFFECTS+MAY+INCLUDE+STRANGERS&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1ghv4jh.24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Blood-pressure pill may also aid weight loss". <i>New Scientist</i>. <b>198</b> (2654): 16. May 2008. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0262-4079%2808%2961076-3">10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61076-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Blood-pressure+pill+may+also+aid+weight+loss&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=2654&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0262-4079%2808%2961076-3&rft.issn=0262-4079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Higher-than-recommended doses of antipsychotic medications may not benefit people with schizophrenia and may increase side effects". 2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fe603782007-025">10.1037/e603782007-025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Higher-than-recommended+doses+of+antipsychotic+medications+may+not+benefit+people+with+schizophrenia+and+may+increase+side+effects&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fe603782007-025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders". <i>Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 353–366. June 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.berh.2014.08.002">10.1016/j.berh.2014.08.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25481420">25481420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Best+Practice+%26+Research.+Clinical+Rheumatology&rft.atitle=Burden+of+disability+due+to+musculoskeletal+%28MSK%29+disorders&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-366&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.berh.2014.08.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25481420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|displayauthors=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lancet2010-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lancet2010_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Gout". <i>Lancet</i>. <b>375</b> (9711): 318–328. January 2010. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2809%2960883-7">10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60883-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19692116">19692116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Gout&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=9711&rft.pages=318-328&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2809%2960883-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19692116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABS2015-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABS2015_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/F6CE5715FE4AC1B1CA257AA30014C725?opendocument">"National Health Survey"</a>. <i>ABS</i>. 8 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162239/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/F6CE5715FE4AC1B1CA257AA30014C725?opendocument">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABS&rft.atitle=National+Health+Survey&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAUSSTATS%2Fabs%40.nsf%2Fallprimarymainfeatures%2FF6CE5715FE4AC1B1CA257AA30014C725%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Arthritis disease - the use of complementary therapies". <i>Australian Family Physician</i>. <b>39</b> (9): 638–640. September 2010. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20877766">20877766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Arthritis+disease+-+the+use+of+complementary+therapies&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=638-640&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20877766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWaite2012" class="citation book cs1">Waite M, penyunting (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220150636/https://books.google.com/books?id=mYicAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35"><i>Paperback Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. m/s. 35. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780199640942" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780199640942"><bdi>9780199640942</bdi></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYicAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">yang asal</a> pada 2016-12-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paperback+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199640942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYicAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2015" class="citation book cs1">Leonard C (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_h2KCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA160"><i>Quick & Easy Medical Terminology - E-Book</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. m/s. 160. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780323370646" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780323370646"><bdi>9780323370646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quick+%26+Easy+Medical+Terminology+-+E-Book&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780323370646&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_h2KCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/osteoarthritis/">"Osteoarthritis"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Osteoarthritis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fosteoarthritis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/rheumatoid-arthritis/">"Rheumatoid Arthritis"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Rheumatoid+Arthritis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Frheumatoid-arthritis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/gout/">"Gout"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i>. 9 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2020-07-19</span></span>. <q>Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. 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September 2013. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu5103839">10.3390/nu5103839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Boleh diakses dengan percuma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820047">3820047</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24077239">24077239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.atitle=Non-Celiac+Gluten+sensitivity%3A+the+new+frontier+of+gluten+related+disorders&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=3839-3853&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3820047%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24077239&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fnu5103839&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3820047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|displayauthors=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/crohns-disease/">"Crohn's Disease"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i>. 28 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Crohn%27s+Disease&rft.date=2020-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fcrohns-disease%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/ulcerative-colitis/">"Ulcerative Colitis"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i>. 26 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Ulcerative+Colitis&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fulcerative-colitis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/henoch-schonlein-purpura/">"Henoch-Schönlein Purpura"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Henoch-Sch%C3%B6nlein+Purpura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fhenoch-schonlein-purpura%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/sarcoidosis/">"Sarcoidosis"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Sarcoidosis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fsarcoidosis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/whipples-disease/">"Whipple's Disease"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Whipple%27s+Disease&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fwhipples-disease%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder". <i>Clinical Rheumatology</i>. <b>25</b> (6): 773–777. November 2006. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10067-005-0198-6">10.1007/s10067-005-0198-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16447098">16447098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Rheumatology&rft.atitle=TNF-receptor-associated+periodic+syndrome+%28TRAPS%29%3A+an+autosomal+dominant+multisystem+disorder&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=773-777&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10067-005-0198-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16447098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJamesBergerElston2005" class="citation book cs1">James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005). <i>Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology</i> (ed. 10th). Saunders. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-7216-2921-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-7216-2921-0"><bdi>0-7216-2921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrews%27+Diseases+of+the+Skin%3A+Clinical+Dermatology&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7216-2921-0&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Berger%2C+T&rft.au=Elston%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/">"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"</a>. <i>The Lecturio Medical Concept Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Systemic+Lupus+Erythematosus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fsystemic-lupus-erythematosus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Undifferentiated arthritis and reactive arthritis". <i>Current Opinion in Rheumatology</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 306–313. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon&rft.atitle=Direct+and+Indirect+Costs+of+Musculoskeletal+Conditions+in+1997%3A+Total+and+Incremental+Estimates+Revised+Final+Report+%28July%2C+2003%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fclouddrive%2Fshare%2FQ6rPMaaZgYQ8IvC02imgAeDTx2mfp5FSBZqVNCqLMnq%3Fref_%3Dcd_ph_share_link_copy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/heart-disease-rheumatoid-arthritis">"Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Disease Risk: Atherosclerosis, Heart Attacks, and More"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327151244/http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/heart-disease-rheumatoid-arthritis">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 2015-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2015-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rheumatoid+Arthritis+and+Heart+Disease+Risk%3A+Atherosclerosis%2C+Heart+Attacks%2C+and+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Frheumatoid-arthritis%2Fguide%2Fheart-disease-rheumatoid-arthritis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/features/ra-depression">"Coping With Depression and Rheumatoid Arthritis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514223122/http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/features/ra-depression">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 2015-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2015-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coping+With+Depression+and+Rheumatoid+Arthritis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Frheumatoid-arthritis%2Ffeatures%2Fra-depression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/risk-factors.htm">"Arthritis Risk Factors"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i>. 17 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Arthritis+Risk+Factors&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Farthritis%2Fbasics%2Frisk-factors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nras.org.uk/smoking-and-rheumatoid-arthritis">"Smoking and Rheumatoid Arthritis"</a>. <i>NRAS</i>. National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRAS&rft.atitle=Smoking+and+Rheumatoid+Arthritis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nras.org.uk%2Fsmoking-and-rheumatoid-arthritis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARadang+sendi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radang_sendi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org//Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Musculoskeletal_Disorders/Arthritis/">Artritis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116000259/http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/default.asp">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</a> - Institut Artritis Kebangsaan dan Muskuloskeletal dan Penyakit Kulit AS</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://kliniktuah.com/sakit-lutut-panduan-lengkap/">https://kliniktuah.com/sakit-lutut-panduan-lengkap/</a> - Website Klinik Tuah</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0; align:left">Pengelasan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990" title="d:Q170990"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5857753">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ICD-9">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=710">710</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=719">719</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tajuk_Subjek_Perubatan" title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001168">D001168</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pangkalan_Data_Penyakit" title="Pangkalan Data Penyakit">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb15237.htm">15237</a></li><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNOMED_CT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNOMED CT (laman tidak wujud)">SNOMED CT</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snomed.info/id/372091005">372091005</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0; align:left">Sumber 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