CINXE.COM
Antibody sequencing provides a new path for antibody therapy research – Creative Biolabs Blog
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/xmlrpc.php"> <title>Antibody sequencing provides a new path for antibody therapy research – Creative Biolabs Blog</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Creative Biolabs Blog » Feed" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Creative Biolabs Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.3.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='imax-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C700%2C300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%7CRoboto%3A300%2C400%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/fonts/genericons.css?ver=2.09' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animate-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/animate.min.css?ver=2014-01-12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='side-menu-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/jquery.sidr.dark.css?ver=2014-01-12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-carousel-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/owl.carousel.css?ver=2014-01-12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-carousel-theme-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/owl.theme.css?ver=2014-01-12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-carousel-transitions-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/owl.transitions.css?ver=2014-01-12' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='imax-style-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/style.css?ver=2018-04-24' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='imax-extra-stylesheet-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/css/extra-style.css?ver=2014-03-11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-menu-css' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/inc/responsive-menu/css/wprmenu.css?ver=1.01' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1916" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.3.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/antibody-sequencing-provides-a-new-path-for-antibody-therapy-research/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/?p=1916' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creative-biolabs.com%2Fblog%2Findex.php%2Fantibody-sequencing-provides-a-new-path-for-antibody-therapy-research%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creative-biolabs.com%2Fblog%2Findex.php%2Fantibody-sequencing-provides-a-new-path-for-antibody-therapy-research%2F&format=xml" /> <style type="text/css"> body {font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pxpx; line-height: 1.8; color: #575757;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.comment-reply-title,.widget .widget-title, .entry-header h1.entry-title {font-family: Roboto, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 500;}.themecolor {color: #264656;}.themebgcolor {background-color: #264656;}.themebordercolor {border-color: #264656;}.tx-slider .owl-pagination .owl-page > span { border-color: #264656; }.tx-slider .owl-pagination .owl-page.active > span { background-color: #264656; }.tx-slider .owl-controls .owl-buttons .owl-next, .tx-slider .owl-controls .owl-buttons .owl-prev { background-color: #264656; }a,a:visited,.blog-columns .comments-link a:hover, .utilitybar.colored-bg .socialicons ul.social li a:hover .socico {color: #264656;}input:focus,textarea:focus,.site-footer .widget-area .widget .wpcf7 .wpcf7-submit {border: 1px solid #264656;}button,input[type="submit"],input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],.tx-service.curved .tx-service-icon span,.tx-service.square .tx-service-icon span {background-color: #264656;}.nav-container .sub-menu,.nav-container .children {border-top: 2px solid #264656;}.ibanner,.da-dots span.da-dots-current,.tx-cta a.cta-button, .utilitybar.colored-bg {background-color: #264656;}#ft-post .entry-thumbnail:hover > .comments-link,.tx-folio-img .folio-links .folio-linkico,.tx-folio-img .folio-links .folio-zoomico {background-color: #264656;}.entry-header h1.entry-title a:hover,.entry-header > .entry-meta a:hover {color: #264656;}.featured-area div.entry-summary > p > a.moretag:hover {background-color: #264656;}.site-content div.entry-thumbnail .stickyonimg,.site-content div.entry-thumbnail .dateonimg,.site-content div.entry-nothumb .stickyonimg,.site-content div.entry-nothumb .dateonimg {background-color: #264656;}.entry-meta a,.entry-content a,.comment-content a,.entry-content a:visited {color: #264656;}.format-status .entry-content .page-links a,.format-gallery .entry-content .page-links a,.format-chat .entry-content .page-links a,.format-quote .entry-content .page-links a,.page-links a {background: #264656;border: 1px solid #264656;color: #ffffff;}.format-gallery .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.format-audio .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.format-status .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.format-video .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.format-chat .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.format-quote .entry-content .page-links a:hover,.page-links a:hover {color: #264656;}.iheader.front, .vslider_button {background-color: #264656;}.navigation a,.tx-post-row .tx-folio-title a:hover,.tx-blog .tx-blog-item h3.tx-post-title a:hover {color: #264656;}.paging-navigation div.navigation > ul > li a:hover,.paging-navigation div.navigation > ul > li.active > a {color: #264656; border-color: #264656;}.comment-author .fn,.comment-author .url,.comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-login,.comment-body .reply a,.widget a:hover {color: #264656;}.widget_calendar a:hover {background-color: #264656; color: #ffffff; }.widget_calendar td#next a:hover,.widget_calendar td#prev a:hover {background-color: #264656;color: #ffffff;}.site-footer div.widget-area .widget a:hover {color: #264656;}.site-main div.widget-area .widget_calendar a:hover,.site-footer div.widget-area .widget_calendar a:hover {background-color: #264656;color: #ffffff;}.widget a:visited { color: #373737;}.widget a:hover,.entry-header h1.entry-title a:hover,.error404 .page-title:before,.tx-service-icon span i,.tx-post-comm:after {color: #264656;}.da-dots > span > span,.site-footer .widget-area .widget .wpcf7 .wpcf7-submit, .nx-preloader .nx-ispload {background-color: #264656;}.iheader,.format-status,.tx-service:hover .tx-service-icon span,.ibanner .da-slider .owl-item .da-link:hover {background-color: #264656;}.tx-cta {border-left: 6px solid #264656;}.paging-navigation #posts-nav > span:hover, .paging-navigation #posts-nav > a:hover, .paging-navigation #posts-nav > span.current, .paging-navigation #posts-nav > a.current, .paging-navigation div.navigation > ul > li a:hover, .paging-navigation div.navigation > ul > li > span.current, .paging-navigation div.navigation > ul > li.active > a {border: 1px solid #264656;color: #264656;}.entry-title a { color: #141412;}.tx-service-icon span { border: 2px solid #264656;}.utilitybar.colored-bg { border-bottom-color: #264656;}.nav-container .current_page_item > a,.nav-container .current_page_ancestor > a,.nav-container .current-menu-item > a,.nav-container .current-menu-ancestor > a,.nav-container li a:hover,.nav-container li:hover > a,.nav-container li a:hover,ul.nav-container ul a:hover,.nav-container ul ul a:hover {background-color: #264656; }.tx-service.curved .tx-service-icon span,.tx-service.square .tx-service-icon span {border: 6px solid #e7e7e7; width: 100px; height: 100px;}.tx-service.curved .tx-service-icon span i,.tx-service.square .tx-service-icon span i {color: #FFFFFF;}.tx-service.curved:hover .tx-service-icon span,.tx-service.square:hover .tx-service-icon span {background-color: #e7e7e7;}.tx-service.curved:hover .tx-service-icon span i,.tx-service.square:hover .tx-service-icon span i,.folio-style-gallery.tx-post-row .tx-portfolio-item .tx-folio-title a:hover {color: #264656;}.site .tx-slider .tx-slide-button a,.ibanner .da-slider .owl-item.active .da-link { background-color: #264656; color: #FFF; }.site .tx-slider .tx-slide-button a:hover { background-color: #373737; color: #FFF; }.ibanner .da-slider .owl-controls .owl-page span { border-color:#264656; }.ibanner .da-slider .owl-controls .owl-page.active span, .ibanner .da-slider .owl-controls.clickable .owl-page:hover span { background-color: #264656; }.vslider_button, .vslider_button:visited, .ibanner.nxs-max18 .owl-item .nx-slider .da-img:before { background-color:#264656;}.ibanner .sldprev, .ibanner .da-slider .owl-prev, .ibanner .sldnext, .ibanner .da-slider .owl-next { background-color: #264656; }.colored-drop .nav-container ul ul a, .colored-drop ul.nav-container ul a, .colored-drop ul.nav-container ul, .colored-drop .nav-container ul ul {background-color: #264656;}.header-iconwrap .header-icons.woocart > a .cart-counts, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .button {background-color:#264656;}.header-icons.woocart .cartdrop.widget_shopping_cart.nx-animate { border-top-color:#264656;}.woocommerce ul.products li.product .onsale, .woocommerce span.onsale { background-color: #264656; color: #FFF; }.nx-nav-boxedicons .site-header .header-icons > a > span.genericon:before, ul.nav-menu > li.tx-heighlight:before, .woocommerce .nxowoo-box:hover a.button.add_to_cart_button {background-color: #264656}.woocommerce .star-rating::before, .woocommerce .star-rating span::before {color: #264656}.utilitybar .widget ul.menu > li > ul { background-color: #264656; }</style> <style id="wprmenu_css" type="text/css" > /* apply appearance settings */ .menu-toggle { display: none!important; } @media (max-width: 1069px) { .menu-toggle, #navbar { display: none!important; } } #wprmenu_bar { background: #2e2e2e; } #wprmenu_bar .menu_title, #wprmenu_bar .wprmenu_icon_menu { color: #F2F2F2; } #wprmenu_menu { background: #2E2E2E!important; } #wprmenu_menu.wprmenu_levels ul li { border-bottom:1px solid #131212; border-top:1px solid #0D0D0D; } #wprmenu_menu ul li a { color: #CFCFCF; } #wprmenu_menu ul li a:hover { color: #606060; } #wprmenu_menu.wprmenu_levels a.wprmenu_parent_item { border-left:1px solid #0D0D0D; } #wprmenu_menu .wprmenu_icon_par { color: #CFCFCF; } #wprmenu_menu .wprmenu_icon_par:hover { color: #606060; } #wprmenu_menu.wprmenu_levels ul li ul { border-top:1px solid #131212; } #wprmenu_bar .wprmenu_icon span { background: #FFFFFF; } #wprmenu_menu.left { width:80%; left: -80%; right: auto; } #wprmenu_menu.right { width:80%; right: -80%; left: auto; } /* show the bar and hide othere navigation elements */ @media only screen and (max-width: 1069px) { html { padding-top: 42px!important; } #wprmenu_bar { display: block!important; } div#wpadminbar { position: fixed; } } </style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-image: url("https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/images/default-bg.png"); background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/favicon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/favicon.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> article .post-mainpart > .entry-content { padding-right: 0px; hyphens: none; } </style> <style id="kirki-inline-styles">.nav-container li a{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;}.footer-bg, .site-footer .sidebar-container{background-color:#383838;}.site-footer .widget-area .widget .widget-title{color:#FFFFFF;}.site-footer .widget-area .widget, .site-footer .widget-area .widget li{color:#bbbbbb;}.site-footer .widget-area .widget a{color:#dddddd;}.site-footer{background-color:#272727;}.site-footer .site-info, .site-footer .site-info a{color:#777777;}.go-top{visibility:visible;}/* cyrillic-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4taVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0460-052F, U+1C80-1C8A, U+20B4, U+2DE0-2DFF, U+A640-A69F, U+FE2E-FE2F; } /* cyrillic */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4kaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0301, U+0400-045F, U+0490-0491, U+04B0-04B1, U+2116; } /* greek-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4saVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+1F00-1FFF; } /* greek */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4jaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0370-0377, U+037A-037F, U+0384-038A, U+038C, U+038E-03A1, U+03A3-03FF; } /* hebrew */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4iaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0307-0308, U+0590-05FF, U+200C-2010, U+20AA, U+25CC, U+FB1D-FB4F; } /* math */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B5caVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0302-0303, U+0305, U+0307-0308, U+0310, U+0312, U+0315, U+031A, U+0326-0327, U+032C, U+032F-0330, U+0332-0333, U+0338, U+033A, U+0346, U+034D, U+0391-03A1, U+03A3-03A9, U+03B1-03C9, U+03D1, U+03D5-03D6, U+03F0-03F1, U+03F4-03F5, U+2016-2017, U+2034-2038, U+203C, U+2040, U+2043, U+2047, U+2050, U+2057, U+205F, U+2070-2071, U+2074-208E, U+2090-209C, U+20D0-20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5-20EF, U+2100-2112, U+2114-2115, U+2117-2121, U+2123-214F, U+2190, U+2192, U+2194-21AE, U+21B0-21E5, U+21F1-21F2, U+21F4-2211, U+2213-2214, U+2216-22FF, U+2308-230B, U+2310, U+2319, U+231C-2321, U+2336-237A, U+237C, U+2395, U+239B-23B7, U+23D0, U+23DC-23E1, U+2474-2475, U+25AF, U+25B3, U+25B7, U+25BD, U+25C1, U+25CA, U+25CC, U+25FB, U+266D-266F, U+27C0-27FF, U+2900-2AFF, U+2B0E-2B11, U+2B30-2B4C, U+2BFE, U+3030, U+FF5B, U+FF5D, U+1D400-1D7FF, U+1EE00-1EEFF; } /* symbols */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B5OaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0001-000C, U+000E-001F, U+007F-009F, U+20DD-20E0, U+20E2-20E4, U+2150-218F, U+2190, U+2192, U+2194-2199, U+21AF, U+21E6-21F0, U+21F3, U+2218-2219, U+2299, U+22C4-22C6, U+2300-243F, U+2440-244A, U+2460-24FF, U+25A0-27BF, U+2800-28FF, U+2921-2922, U+2981, U+29BF, U+29EB, U+2B00-2BFF, U+4DC0-4DFF, U+FFF9-FFFB, U+10140-1018E, U+10190-1019C, U+101A0, U+101D0-101FD, U+102E0-102FB, U+10E60-10E7E, U+1D2C0-1D2D3, U+1D2E0-1D37F, U+1F000-1F0FF, U+1F100-1F1AD, U+1F1E6-1F1FF, U+1F30D-1F30F, U+1F315, U+1F31C, U+1F31E, U+1F320-1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F378, U+1F37D, U+1F382, U+1F393-1F39F, U+1F3A7-1F3A8, U+1F3AC-1F3AF, U+1F3C2, U+1F3C4-1F3C6, U+1F3CA-1F3CE, U+1F3D4-1F3E0, U+1F3ED, U+1F3F1-1F3F3, U+1F3F5-1F3F7, U+1F408, U+1F415, U+1F41F, U+1F426, U+1F43F, U+1F441-1F442, U+1F444, U+1F446-1F449, U+1F44C-1F44E, U+1F453, U+1F46A, U+1F47D, U+1F4A3, U+1F4B0, U+1F4B3, U+1F4B9, U+1F4BB, U+1F4BF, U+1F4C8-1F4CB, U+1F4D6, U+1F4DA, U+1F4DF, U+1F4E3-1F4E6, U+1F4EA-1F4ED, U+1F4F7, U+1F4F9-1F4FB, U+1F4FD-1F4FE, U+1F503, U+1F507-1F50B, U+1F50D, U+1F512-1F513, U+1F53E-1F54A, U+1F54F-1F5FA, U+1F610, U+1F650-1F67F, U+1F687, U+1F68D, U+1F691, U+1F694, U+1F698, U+1F6AD, U+1F6B2, U+1F6B9-1F6BA, U+1F6BC, U+1F6C6-1F6CF, U+1F6D3-1F6D7, U+1F6E0-1F6EA, U+1F6F0-1F6F3, U+1F6F7-1F6FC, U+1F700-1F7FF, U+1F800-1F80B, U+1F810-1F847, U+1F850-1F859, U+1F860-1F887, U+1F890-1F8AD, U+1F8B0-1F8BB, U+1F8C0-1F8C1, U+1F900-1F90B, U+1F93B, U+1F946, U+1F984, U+1F996, U+1F9E9, U+1FA00-1FA6F, U+1FA70-1FA7C, U+1FA80-1FA89, U+1FA8F-1FAC6, U+1FACE-1FADC, U+1FADF-1FAE9, U+1FAF0-1FAF8, U+1FB00-1FBFF; } /* vietnamese */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4vaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB; } /* latin-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4uaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF; } /* latin */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVQUwaEQXjM.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }/* cyrillic-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu72xMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0460-052F, U+1C80-1C8A, U+20B4, U+2DE0-2DFF, U+A640-A69F, U+FE2E-FE2F; } /* cyrillic */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu5mxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0301, U+0400-045F, U+0490-0491, U+04B0-04B1, U+2116; } /* greek-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7mxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+1F00-1FFF; } /* greek */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4WxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0370-0377, U+037A-037F, U+0384-038A, U+038C, U+038E-03A1, U+03A3-03FF; } /* vietnamese */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7WxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB; } /* latin-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7GxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF; } /* latin */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxMKTU1Kg.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }/* cyrillic-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4taVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0460-052F, U+1C80-1C8A, U+20B4, U+2DE0-2DFF, U+A640-A69F, U+FE2E-FE2F; } /* cyrillic */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4kaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0301, U+0400-045F, U+0490-0491, U+04B0-04B1, U+2116; } /* greek-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4saVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+1F00-1FFF; } /* greek */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4jaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0370-0377, U+037A-037F, U+0384-038A, U+038C, U+038E-03A1, U+03A3-03FF; } /* hebrew */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4iaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0307-0308, U+0590-05FF, U+200C-2010, U+20AA, U+25CC, U+FB1D-FB4F; } /* math */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B5caVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0302-0303, U+0305, U+0307-0308, U+0310, U+0312, U+0315, U+031A, U+0326-0327, U+032C, U+032F-0330, U+0332-0333, U+0338, U+033A, U+0346, U+034D, U+0391-03A1, U+03A3-03A9, U+03B1-03C9, U+03D1, U+03D5-03D6, U+03F0-03F1, U+03F4-03F5, U+2016-2017, U+2034-2038, U+203C, U+2040, U+2043, U+2047, U+2050, U+2057, U+205F, U+2070-2071, U+2074-208E, U+2090-209C, U+20D0-20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5-20EF, U+2100-2112, U+2114-2115, U+2117-2121, U+2123-214F, U+2190, U+2192, U+2194-21AE, U+21B0-21E5, U+21F1-21F2, U+21F4-2211, U+2213-2214, U+2216-22FF, U+2308-230B, U+2310, U+2319, U+231C-2321, U+2336-237A, U+237C, U+2395, U+239B-23B7, U+23D0, U+23DC-23E1, U+2474-2475, U+25AF, U+25B3, U+25B7, U+25BD, U+25C1, U+25CA, U+25CC, U+25FB, U+266D-266F, U+27C0-27FF, U+2900-2AFF, U+2B0E-2B11, U+2B30-2B4C, U+2BFE, U+3030, U+FF5B, U+FF5D, U+1D400-1D7FF, U+1EE00-1EEFF; } /* symbols */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B5OaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0001-000C, U+000E-001F, U+007F-009F, U+20DD-20E0, U+20E2-20E4, U+2150-218F, U+2190, U+2192, U+2194-2199, U+21AF, U+21E6-21F0, U+21F3, U+2218-2219, U+2299, U+22C4-22C6, U+2300-243F, U+2440-244A, U+2460-24FF, U+25A0-27BF, U+2800-28FF, U+2921-2922, U+2981, U+29BF, U+29EB, U+2B00-2BFF, U+4DC0-4DFF, U+FFF9-FFFB, U+10140-1018E, U+10190-1019C, U+101A0, U+101D0-101FD, U+102E0-102FB, U+10E60-10E7E, U+1D2C0-1D2D3, U+1D2E0-1D37F, U+1F000-1F0FF, U+1F100-1F1AD, U+1F1E6-1F1FF, U+1F30D-1F30F, U+1F315, U+1F31C, U+1F31E, U+1F320-1F32C, U+1F336, U+1F378, U+1F37D, U+1F382, U+1F393-1F39F, U+1F3A7-1F3A8, U+1F3AC-1F3AF, U+1F3C2, U+1F3C4-1F3C6, U+1F3CA-1F3CE, U+1F3D4-1F3E0, U+1F3ED, U+1F3F1-1F3F3, U+1F3F5-1F3F7, U+1F408, U+1F415, U+1F41F, U+1F426, U+1F43F, U+1F441-1F442, U+1F444, U+1F446-1F449, U+1F44C-1F44E, U+1F453, U+1F46A, U+1F47D, U+1F4A3, U+1F4B0, U+1F4B3, U+1F4B9, U+1F4BB, U+1F4BF, U+1F4C8-1F4CB, U+1F4D6, U+1F4DA, U+1F4DF, U+1F4E3-1F4E6, U+1F4EA-1F4ED, U+1F4F7, U+1F4F9-1F4FB, U+1F4FD-1F4FE, U+1F503, U+1F507-1F50B, U+1F50D, U+1F512-1F513, U+1F53E-1F54A, U+1F54F-1F5FA, U+1F610, U+1F650-1F67F, U+1F687, U+1F68D, U+1F691, U+1F694, U+1F698, U+1F6AD, U+1F6B2, U+1F6B9-1F6BA, U+1F6BC, U+1F6C6-1F6CF, U+1F6D3-1F6D7, U+1F6E0-1F6EA, U+1F6F0-1F6F3, U+1F6F7-1F6FC, U+1F700-1F7FF, U+1F800-1F80B, U+1F810-1F847, U+1F850-1F859, U+1F860-1F887, U+1F890-1F8AD, U+1F8B0-1F8BB, U+1F8C0-1F8C1, U+1F900-1F90B, U+1F93B, U+1F946, U+1F984, U+1F996, U+1F9E9, U+1FA00-1FA6F, U+1FA70-1FA7C, U+1FA80-1FA89, U+1FA8F-1FAC6, U+1FACE-1FADC, U+1FADF-1FAE9, U+1FAF0-1FAF8, U+1FB00-1FBFF; } /* vietnamese */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4vaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB; } /* latin-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4uaVQUwaEQXjN_mQ.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF; } /* latin */ @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/open-sans/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVQUwaEQXjM.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }/* cyrillic-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu72xMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0460-052F, U+1C80-1C8A, U+20B4, U+2DE0-2DFF, U+A640-A69F, U+FE2E-FE2F; } /* cyrillic */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu5mxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0301, U+0400-045F, U+0490-0491, U+04B0-04B1, U+2116; } /* greek-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7mxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+1F00-1FFF; } /* greek */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4WxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0370-0377, U+037A-037F, U+0384-038A, U+038C, U+038E-03A1, U+03A3-03FF; } /* vietnamese */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7WxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB; } /* latin-ext */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7GxMKTU1Kvnz.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF; } /* latin */ @font-face { font-family: 'Roboto'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/fonts/roboto/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxMKTU1Kg.woff) format('woff'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }</style></head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1916 single-format-standard custom-background wp-embed-responsive nx-wide onecol-blog single-author nx-show-search" style=" "> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <div id="utilitybar" class="utilitybar colored-bg"> <div class="ubarinnerwrap"> <div class="socialicons"> <ul class="social"><li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/CreativeBiolabs" title="facebook" target="_blank"><i class="genericon socico genericon-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/CreativeBiolabs" title="twitter" target="_blank"><i class="genericon socico genericon-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@CreativeBiolabs" title="youtube" target="_blank"><i class="genericon socico genericon-youtube"></i></a></li><li><a href="#" title="pinterest" target="_blank"><i class="genericon socico genericon-pinterest"></i></a></li><li><a href="#" title="linkedin" target="_blank"><i class="genericon socico genericon-linkedin"></i></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="headerwrap"> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="headerinnerwrap"> <a class="home-link" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/" title="Creative Biolabs Blog" rel="home"> <span><img src="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/biolabs.com-logo.jpg" alt="Creative Biolabs Blog" class="imax-logo" /></span> </a> <div id="navbar" class="navbar colored-drop"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="navigation main-navigation" role="navigation"> <h3 class="menu-toggle">Menu</h3> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <div class="nav-container"><ul id="menu-creative-biolabs-blog" class="nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-1119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1119"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/drug-discovery-research/">Drug Discovery Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1121" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1121"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/immunotherapy-research/">Immunotherapy Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1122"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/antibody-engineering-eesearch/">Antibody Engineering Research</a></li> </ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <div class="topsearch"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div><!-- #navbar --> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </header><!-- #masthead --> </div> <!-- #Banner --> <div class="iheader nx-titlebar" style=""> <div class="titlebar"> <h1 class="entry-title">Antibody sequencing provides a new path for antibody therapy research</h1> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="site-main"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <div id="content" class="site-content" role="main"> <article id="post-1916" class="post-1916 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-biologicalknowledge tag-antibody-discovery tag-antibody-sequencing tag-hybridoma tag-phage-display tag-single-b-cell-technology"> <div class="post-mainpart"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="date"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/antibody-sequencing-provides-a-new-path-for-antibody-therapy-research/" title="Permalink to Antibody sequencing provides a new path for antibody therapy research" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2023-07-31T21:17:30-05:00">July 31, 2023</time></a></span><span class="categories-links"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/biologicalknowledge/" rel="category tag">Biological Knowledge</a></span><span class="tags-links"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/tag/antibody-discovery/" rel="tag">Antibody Discovery</a>, <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/tag/antibody-sequencing/" rel="tag">antibody sequencing</a>, <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/tag/hybridoma/" rel="tag">Hybridoma</a>, <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/tag/phage-display/" rel="tag">phage display</a>, <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/tag/single-b-cell-technology/" rel="tag">Single B cell technology</a></span><span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/author/biolabs/" title="View all posts by biolabs" rel="author">biolabs</a></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content"> <p><strong>Therapeutic Antibody Drugs</strong></p> <p>Since the first clinical application approval in 1986, more than 100 therapeutic antibody drugs have entered clinical application successively, and new antibody drugs are in the process of development and marketing every year.</p> <p>With the development of technology, common technologies for antibody screening and discovery include phage display technology, transgenic mouse hybridoma technology, and single B cell technology. <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="/phage-display-service.html">Phage display</a></span></strong> technology realizes the unification of protein or polypeptide genotype and phenotype, and the required antibody can be quickly screened by using existing gene fragments, but it is highly dependent on the library and cannot cope with the diversity and complexity of antibody types. The transgenic mouse <a href="/Hybridoma-Services.html"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">hybridoma</span></strong></a> technology does not need to go through the traditional steps of expressing recombinant antibodies in molecular biology. It only needs to go through animal immunization, cell culture and cell fusion, mouse ascites preparation, and monoclonal antibody purification to complete the preparation of target antibodies. However, it still has the disadvantages of complicated operation, high difficulty, and a low success rate. <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="/b-cell-sorting-platform.html">Single B cell technology</a></span></strong> has the advantages of high efficiency, complete human origin, and rich gene diversity. However, so far, the application potential of single B cell antibody production technology has not been realized. Single B cell antibody production technology is still limited by some practical conditions. Antibody discovery technology relying on protein de novo sequencing is simple and quick to operate, does not rely on any antibody library, and can handle a variety of antibody detections, so it has attracted more and more attention and favor from antibody drug discovery and developers.</p> <p><a href="http://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology.jpg"><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" class="aligncenter wp-image-1919" src="http://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology.jpg" alt="" width="569" height="356" srcset="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology.jpg 1536w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology-300x188.jpg 300w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology-768x481.jpg 768w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Screening-of-monoclonal-antibodies-by-phage-display-technology-1024x641.jpg 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 569px) 100vw, 569px" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Screening of monoclonal antibodies by phage display technology (Philipp Diebolder, 2017)</p> <p><a href="http://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology.png"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-1918" src="http://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology.png" alt="" width="579" height="378" srcset="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology.png 1254w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology-300x196.png 300w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology-768x501.png 768w, https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Transgenic-mouse-hybridoma-technology-1024x668.png 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px" /></a></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Transgenic mouse hybridoma technology (Aya Jakobovits, 2007)</p> <p><strong>Protein Sequencing</strong></p> <p>The discovery of antibody sequences relies on gene and protein sequencing. Compared with gene sequencing, protein sequencing produces far fewer random matches, which is more conducive to the discovery of new antibody sequences. Among the protein sequencing methods, there are currently three commonly used methods: sequencing based on the Edman degradation method, peptide mapping analysis, and protein <em>de novo</em> sequencing. Among them, protein <em>de novo</em> sequencing has the advantage of being able to sequence the full length of any unknown protein without relying on any protein database, so it has become the preferred technology to obtain protein sequences.</p> <p>At present, the <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="/next-generation-antibody-sequencing.html">antibody sequencing</a></span></strong> technology developed based on protein <em>de novo</em> sequencing has gradually attracted the attention of researchers including basic research and antibody drug development. Creative Biolabs’ antibody discovery platform can directly and efficiently discover high-affinity natural antibodies that play a role in the immune system, facilitate the production of recombinant antibodies, and provide a new way for antibody research and development.</p> <p>Creative Biolabs’ protein <em>de novo</em> sequencing technology breaks through the limitation of samples, can obtain protein sequences in complex samples, breaks the database dependence of traditional proteomics, and truly realizes <em>de novo</em> protein sequencing. Among them, Creative Biolabs has continuously optimized and upgraded the antibody sequencing technology based on its 20 years of technical accumulation, and developed a simpler, faster, and more accurate antibody sequencing platform. The technical advantages of Creative Biolabs’ protein <em>de novo</em> sequencing technology platform are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Easier to break through sample limitations</li> <li>Faster, high-throughput sequencing to obtain information</li> <li>More rigorous, 100% guaranteed sequence accuracy</li> </ul> <p><strong>Application Scenarios of Creative Biolabs Antibody Discovery Platform</strong></p> <p>Based on the above characteristics and advantages, Creative Biolabs’ antibody discovery service has been fully applied in many fields. These practical applications further highlight the professionalism and industry leadership of Creative Biolabs in antibody discovery.</p> <ul> <li>New natural antibody discovery in tumors</li> <li>Natural antibody production from the patient’s own source</li> <li>Research on therapeutic antibodies for autoimmune diseases</li> <li>Identification of the immune response after intervention</li> <li>Conversion of polyclonal antibodies to monoclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibody mixtures</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Smith SL. Ten years of Orthoclone OKT3 (muromonab-CD3): a review.<em> J Transpl Coord</em>. 1996 Sep;6(3):109-19; quiz 120-1. doi: 10.7182/prtr.1.6.3.8145l3u185493182. PMID: 9188368.</p> <p>Diebolder, P., & Krawczyk, A. (2018). Detailed Protocols for the Selection of Antiviral Human Antibodies from Combinatorial Immune Phage Display Libraries. <em>InTech</em>. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70139.</p> <p>Janin-Bussat MC, <em>et al</em>. Characterization of antibody drug conjugate positional isomers at cysteine residues by peptide mapping LC-MS analysis. <em>J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci</em>. 2015 Feb 15;981-982:9-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.</p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </div> </article><!-- #post --> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" role="navigation"> <h1 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h1> <div class="nav-links"> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/monoclonal-antibodies-how-to-choose-an-igg-subtype/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav">←</span> Monoclonal Antibodies: How to Choose an IgG Subtype</a> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/scientists-have-cracked-hivs-new-way-of-entering-the-host-cell-nucleus-which-may-lead-to-new-therapeutic-drugs/" rel="next">Scientists have cracked HIV’s new way of entering the host cell nucleus, which may lead to new therapeutic drugs <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a> </div><!-- .nav-links --> </nav><!-- .navigation --> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> </div><!-- #comments --> </div><!-- #content --> </div><!-- #primary --> </div><!-- #main --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-bg clearfix"> <div class="widget-wrap"> <div id="secondary" class="sidebar-container" role="complementary"> <div class="widget-area" id="footer-widgets"> <aside id="categories-7" class="widget widget_categories"><h3 class="widget-title">Categories</h3> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/antibody-engineering-eesearch/">Antibody Engineering Research</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/biologicalknowledge/">Biological Knowledge</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/drug-discovery-research/">Drug Discovery Research</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/immunotherapy-research/">Immunotherapy Research</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/news-antibody-engineering-eesearch/">News</a> </li> </ul> </aside> <aside id="recent-posts-5" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/scientists-identify-a-special-gene-that-produces-key-antibodies-in-large-quantities/">Scientists identify a special gene that produces key antibodies in large quantities</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/the-molecular-mechanism-by-which-special-antibodies-protect-the-body-against-hiv-infection/">The molecular mechanism by which special antibodies protect the body against HIV infection</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/multispecific-antibodies-enhance-cancer-immunotherapy/">Multispecific antibodies enhance cancer immunotherapy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/scientists-have-cracked-hivs-new-way-of-entering-the-host-cell-nucleus-which-may-lead-to-new-therapeutic-drugs/">Scientists have cracked HIV’s new way of entering the host cell nucleus, which may lead to new therapeutic drugs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/antibody-sequencing-provides-a-new-path-for-antibody-therapy-research/" aria-current="page">Antibody sequencing provides a new path for antibody therapy research</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="archives-8" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-8">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-8" name="archive-dropdown"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/12/'> December 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/10/'> October 2023 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/08/'> August 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/07/'> July 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/06/'> June 2023 (3)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/04/'> April 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/03/'> March 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2023/02/'> February 2023 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/10/'> October 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/09/'> September 2022 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/08/'> August 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/06/'> June 2022 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/05/'> May 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/04/'> April 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/03/'> March 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/02/'> February 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2022/01/'> January 2022 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/12/'> December 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/11/'> November 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/10/'> October 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/09/'> September 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/08/'> August 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/07/'> July 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/06/'> June 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/04/'> April 2021 (3)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/03/'> March 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/02/'> February 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2021/01/'> January 2021 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/12/'> December 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/11/'> November 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/10/'> October 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/09/'> September 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/08/'> August 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/07/'> July 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/06/'> June 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/05/'> May 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/04/'> April 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/03/'> March 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2020/01/'> January 2020 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/12/'> December 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/11/'> November 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/10/'> October 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/09/'> September 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/08/'> August 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/07/'> July 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/06/'> June 2019 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/05/'> May 2019 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/04/'> April 2019 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/03/'> March 2019 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2019/02/'> February 2019 (3)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/12/'> December 2018 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/10/'> October 2018 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/09/'> September 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/08/'> August 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/07/'> July 2018 (4)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/06/'> June 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/05/'> May 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/03/'> March 2018 (5)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/02/'> February 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2018/01/'> January 2018 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/12/'> December 2017 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/11/'> November 2017 (3)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/10/'> October 2017 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/09/'> September 2017 (5)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/08/'> August 2017 (10)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/07/'> July 2017 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/06/'> June 2017 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/05/'> May 2017 (3)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/04/'> April 2017 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/02/'> February 2017 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2017/01/'> January 2017 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/12/'> December 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/11/'> November 2016 (2)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/10/'> October 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/09/'> September 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/08/'> August 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/07/'> July 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2016/06/'> June 2016 (1)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2015/11/'> November 2015 (4)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2015/10/'> October 2015 (9)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2015/09/'> September 2015 (14)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2015/08/'> August 2015 (13)</option> <option value='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/2015/07/'> July 2015 (8)</option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "archives-dropdown-8" ); function onSelectChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value !== '' ) { document.location.href = this.options[ this.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onSelectChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </aside><aside id="text-7" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">Contact Us</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p><strong><a style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: 520;" href="/contactus.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">USA</a></strong> – <strong><a style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: 520;" href="/contactus.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UK</a></strong></p> </div> </aside> </div><!-- .widget-area --> </div><!-- #secondary --> </div> </div> <div class="site-info"> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © Creative Biolabs Blog </div> <div class="credit-info"> <a href="http://wordpress.org/" title="Semantic Personal Publishing Platform"> Powered by WordPress </a> , Theme <a href="http://www.templatesnext.org/i-max/" title="Multi-purpose WordPress WooCommerce Theme" rel="designer"> i-max </a> by TemplatesNext. </div> </div><!-- .site-info --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=4.1.4' id='imagesloaded-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2' id='masonry-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.masonry.min.js?ver=3.1.2b' id='jquery-masonry-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/js/waypoints.min.js?ver=2014-01-13' id='imax-waypoint-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/js/jquery.sidr.min.js?ver=2014-01-13' id='imax-sidr-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/js/owl.carousel.min.js?ver=2014-01-13' id='owl-carousel-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/js/functions.js?ver=2018-04-24' id='imax-script-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/inc/responsive-menu/js/jquery.transit.min.js?ver=2017-03-16' id='jquery.transit-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/inc/responsive-menu/js/jquery.sidr.js?ver=2017-03-16' id='sidr-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='wprmenu.js-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wprmenu = {"zooming":"yes","from_width":"1069","swipe":"yes"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/wp-content/themes/i-max/inc/responsive-menu/js/wprmenu.js?ver=2017-03-16' id='wprmenu.js-js'></script> <div id="wprmenu_bar" class="wprmenu_bar"> <div class="wprmenu-inner"> <div class="wprmenu_icon"> <span class="wprmenu_ic_1"></span> <span class="wprmenu_ic_2"></span> <span class="wprmenu_ic_3"></span> </div> <div class="menu_title"> MENU </div> </div> </div> <div id="wprmenu_menu" class="wprmenu_levels top wprmenu_custom_icons"> <ul id="wprmenu_menu_ul"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1119"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/drug-discovery-research/">Drug Discovery Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1121"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/immunotherapy-research/">Immunotherapy Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1122"><a href="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/index.php/category/antibody-engineering-eesearch/">Antibody Engineering Research</a></li> </ul> <div class="wpr_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.creative-biolabs.com/blog/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </body> </html>