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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=H%C3%B6rsel" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=H%C3%B6rsel" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Så_fungerar_hörseln" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Så_fungerar_hörseln"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Så fungerar hörseln</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Så_fungerar_hörseln-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Så fungerar hörseln</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Så_fungerar_hörseln-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hörtröskel_och_smärtgräns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hörtröskel_och_smärtgräns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hörtröskel och smärtgräns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hörtröskel_och_smärtgräns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frekvensomfång" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frekvensomfång"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Frekvensomfång</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frekvensomfång-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fokusering_och_förträngning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fokusering_och_förträngning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fokusering och förträngning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fokusering_och_förträngning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hörsel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 82 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehoor" title="Gehoor – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gehoor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B9" title="سمع – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyida" title="Oyida – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oyida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audici%C3%B3n" title="Audición – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Audición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isch%27uki%C3%B1a" title="Isch'ukiña – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Isch'ukiña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9Fitm%C9%99" title="Eşitmə – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eşitmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="শ্রবণশক্তি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্রবণশক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Слых – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Слых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Слых – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Слых" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandangog" title="Pandangog – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pandangog" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Слух – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слух" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluh" title="Sluh – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sluh" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%AFda" title="Oïda – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oïda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%B3" title="Илтӳ – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Илтӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluch" title="Sluch – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sluch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyw" title="Clyw – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clyw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8resans" title="Høresans – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Høresans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditive_Wahrnehmung" title="Auditive Wahrnehmung – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auditive Wahrnehmung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuulmine" title="Kuulmine – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuulmine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AE" title="Ακοή – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακοή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hearing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audici%C3%B3n" title="Audición – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Audición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADdo" title="Aŭdo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzumen" title="Entzumen – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entzumen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شنوایی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شنوایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ou%C3%AFe_(sens)" title="Ouïe (sens) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouïe (sens)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89isteacht" title="Éisteacht – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éisteacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audici%C3%B3n" title="Audición – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Audición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EA%B0%81" title="청각 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji" title="Ji – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ji" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լսողություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լսողություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रव्यता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्रव्यता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluh" title="Sluh – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sluh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendengaran" title="Pendengaran – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendengaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audito" title="Audito – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Audito" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuzwa" title="Ukuzwa – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukuzwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94" title="שמיעה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמיעה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83" title="Есту – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Есту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tande" title="Tande – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tande" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bih%C3%AEstin" title="Bihîstin – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bihîstin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83" title="Угуу – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Угуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditus" title="Auditus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Auditus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzirde" title="Dzirde – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzirde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klausa" title="Klausa – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klausa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%C3%A1s" title="Hallás – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hallás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Слух – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слух" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="കേൾവിശക്തി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കേൾവിശക്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="श्रवणशक्ती – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="श्रवणशक्ती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendengaran" title="Pendengaran – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendengaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehoor" title="Gehoor – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gehoor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B4%E8%A6%9A" title="聴覚 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聴覚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8rsel" title="Hørsel – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hørsel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8yrsle" title="Høyrsle – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Høyrsle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausida" title="Ausida – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ausida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshitish" title="Eshitish – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eshitish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84" title="اورېدل – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اورېدل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ou%C3%AFe_(sins)" title="Ouïe (sins) – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ouïe (sins)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82uch" title="Słuch – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słuch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Audição – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Audição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auz" title="Auz – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Auz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyariy" title="Uyariy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uyariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Слух – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Слух" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ABgjimi" title="Dëgjimi – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dëgjimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hearing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluch" title="Sluch – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sluch" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluh" title="Sluh – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sluh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqal" title="Maqal – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maqal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Слух – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слух" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluh" title="Sluh – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sluh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuloaisti" title="Kuuloaisti – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuuloaisti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timesliwt" title="Timesliwt – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timesliwt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="การได้ยิน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การได้ยิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Шунавоӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шунавоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fitme" title="İşitme – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşitme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85" title="Слух – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Слух" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8F%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سُننا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سُننا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADnh_gi%C3%A1c" title="Thính giác – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thính giác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuldmin%C3%B5" title="Kuuldminõ – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuuldminõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungug" title="Dungug – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dungug" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigerad från <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rbarhet&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hörbarhet">Hörbarhet</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas"> <dl><dd><i>För en kommun i Tyskland, se <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rsel,_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Hörsel, Thüringen">Hörsel, Thüringen</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Hörsel</b>, är ett av kroppens <a href="/wiki/Sinne" title="Sinne">sinnen</a>, vars uppgift är att uppfatta <a href="/wiki/Ljud" title="Ljud">ljud</a>. Hörsel studeras inom <a href="/wiki/Audiologi" title="Audiologi">audiologi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Psykoakustik" title="Psykoakustik">psykoakustik</a>, det förra ämnet behandlar främst de <a href="/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi">fysiologiska</a> sidorna medan det senare ämnet behandlar de <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologiska</a> sidorna och hörselupplevelsen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Så_fungerar_hörseln"><span id="S.C3.A5_fungerar_h.C3.B6rseln"></span>Så fungerar hörseln</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Så fungerar hörseln" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Så fungerar hörseln"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:HumanEar_svenska.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Örats uppbyggnad"><img alt="Örats uppbyggnad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/HumanEar_svenska.png/300px-HumanEar_svenska.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/HumanEar_svenska.png/450px-HumanEar_svenska.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/HumanEar_svenska.png/600px-HumanEar_svenska.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Örats uppbyggnad</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ytter%C3%B6rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterörat">Ytterörat</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96ron" class="mw-redirect" title="Öron">öronmusslan</a>) fångar upp <a href="/wiki/Ljudv%C3%A5gor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljudvågor">ljudvågor</a> i luften och leds via den yttre hörselgången in mot <a href="/wiki/Trumhinna" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumhinna">trumhinnan</a>, som sätts i <a href="/wiki/Vibration" title="Vibration">vibration</a>. Rörelsen överförs till <a href="/wiki/Inner%C3%B6rat" class="mw-redirect" title="Innerörat">innerörat</a> med hjälp av de tre <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rselbenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hörselbenen">hörselbenen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammaren" title="Hammaren">hammaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4det" title="Städet">städet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Stigbygeln" title="Stigbygeln">stigbygeln</a> till det ovala fönstret, som sitter i ena ändan på <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rselsn%C3%A4ckan" title="Hörselsnäckan">hörselsnäckan</a>. Hörselsnäckan består av en snäckformad tunnel, delad i tre kanaler (scala vestibuli, scala media och scala tympani). På varsin sida om scala media sitter två membran, <a href="/wiki/Basilarmembranet" title="Basilarmembranet">basilarmembranet</a> och Reissners membran. På <a href="/wiki/Basilarmembranet" title="Basilarmembranet">basilarmembranet</a> sitter <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5rceller" title="Hårceller">hårceller</a> (i det <i>Cortiska organet</i>) som sätts i rörelse och aktiveras genom att <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5rceller" title="Hårceller">hårcellernas</a> <a href="/wiki/Stereocilier" title="Stereocilier">stereocilier</a> pressas mot <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/tektorialmembran" class="extiw" title="wikt:tektorialmembran">tektorialmembranet</a>. När vätskan i hörselsnäckan sätts i rörelse av vibrationerna uppstår <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gr%C3%B6relse" title="Vågrörelse">vågmönster</a> i vätskan som deformerar basilarmembranet. <a href="/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation">Deformationen</a>, som ger information om den inkommande signalens <a href="/wiki/Frekvens" title="Frekvens">frekvens</a> och <a href="/wiki/Amplitud" title="Amplitud">amplitud</a>, registreras av det Cortiska organet och signalen skickas vidare till <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rselcentrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hörselcentrum [inte skriven än]">hörselcentrum</a> i hjärnan via <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rselnerven" class="mw-redirect" title="Hörselnerven">hörselnerven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Därifrån finns två teorier om hur vi tolkar ljudet: <i>platsteorin</i> som anger att vågdeformationens placering på basilarmembranet är huvudnyckel till vår tolkning av frekvens, och <i>periodicitetsteorin</i> som anger att relativ tonhöjd analyseras i hjärnan med ledning av periodiciteten hos de nervimpulser som skickas från de Cortiska organen. Ingen av teorierna kan ensam förklara alla hörselns enastående egenskaper och på senare tid lutar vetenskapen åt att de ska kombineras – periodicitetsanalys vid lägre frekvenser, samverkan i mellanregistret och platsanalys vid höga frekvenser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hörtröskel_och_smärtgräns"><span id="H.C3.B6rtr.C3.B6skel_och_sm.C3.A4rtgr.C3.A4ns"></span>Hörtröskel och smärtgräns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hörtröskel och smärtgräns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hörtröskel och smärtgräns"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genom örats mekaniska konstruktion – resonanser i hörselgången, ”utväxling" via hörselbenen och storleksskillnad mellan trumhinnan och ovala fönstret – är känsligheten för ljud olika vid olika frekvenser. Känsligast är örat mellan 3 000 och 4 000 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a>. Hörtröskeln (nedre gränsen för hörbarhet) ligger här vid ett ljudtryck på ca 0,00002 N/m² (20 µPa). Vid låga frekvenser krävs åtskilligt högre <a href="/wiki/Ljudtryck" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljudtryck">ljudtryck</a> för att vi skall uppmärksamma dem. </p><p>För att få mera hanterliga värden anger man därför istället ljudtrycknivåer i dB (<a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a>) relativt hörtröskeln. Det är ett <a href="/wiki/Logaritmiskt_m%C3%A5tt" class="mw-redirect" title="Logaritmiskt mått">logaritmiskt mått</a> på skillnaden mellan valda nivåer. Nu varierar örats känslighet med frekvensen, och för att efterlikna det förses mätinstrument med <i>vägningsfilter</i>. Saken kompliceras av att frekvensgången i örat även är beroende av medelljudnivån av alla toner som förekommer samtidigt. Därför måste man ha olika vägningsfilter vid mätning av svaga ljud, medelstarka ljud, mycket starka ljud. Dessa filter betecknas A, B och C. Dessa är de vanligaste. För speciella ändamål finns ytterligare vägningsfilter. Det vanligast förekommande är A-filtret. För att dB-värdena ska bli meningsfulla krävs att dels 0-värdet är definierat, dels att filtertypen anges. Detta sker genom att tillämplig filtertyp anges inom parentes efter <i>dB.</i> Uttryckt på detta sätt anges smärtgränsen till 120 dB(A) om A-filter används. Detta är dock korrekt endast vid mätning med en enda ton, eftersom A-kurvan är specificerad för svaga ljud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frekvensomfång"><span id="Frekvensomf.C3.A5ng"></span>Frekvensomfång</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Frekvensomfång" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Frekvensomfång"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som unga kan vi människor uppfatta ljud mellan 20 och 20 000 Hz, men redan i 20-årsåldern börjar känsligheten för höga frekvenser minska. Försämringen har traditionellt varit tydligare för män än för kvinnor. Frekvensomfånget kallas också för <i>hörbarhetsområde</i>. </p><p>I 60-årsåldern brukar man kunna uppfatta toner mellan 20 och 10 000 Hz. För den oinsatte kan det tyckas som om halva registret är borta men så illa är det inte. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonskalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonskalan [inte skriven än]">Tonskalan</a> är <a href="/wiki/Logaritm" title="Logaritm">logaritmisk</a> så att en fördubbling av frekvensen representerar en <a href="/wiki/Oktav" title="Oktav">oktav</a> – det är alltså lika många toner mellan 20 och 40 Hz som mellan 10 000 och 20 000 Hz. Följaktligen är bara en oktav av tio borta. Dessutom har akustiska <a href="/wiki/Musikinstrument" title="Musikinstrument">musikinstrument</a> inga <a href="/wiki/Grundton" title="Grundton">grundtoner</a> över 4400 Hz, däröver finns bara <a href="/wiki/%C3%96verton" class="mw-redirect" title="Överton">övertoner</a>. </p><p>För uppfattbarhet av vanligt tal spelar ljud med frekvens under 300 Hz liten roll. En övre gräns på 3 400 Hz räcker för att man på rösten ska kunna känna igen en bekant person, man eller kvinna. Detta är vad man kallar <i>telefonkvalitet</i>. För en fullödig musikupplevelse med en <a href="/wiki/Symfoniorkester" title="Symfoniorkester">symfoniorkesters</a> alla instrument krävs mer. En övre gränsfrekvens på 10 kHz ger en betydande kvalitetshöjning (det är avsevärt bättre än vid radiomottagning på amplitudmodulerad mellanvåg där ljudbandbredden vanligen begränsas till 4,5-5 kHz), 15 kHz (rundradions <a href="/w/index.php?title=FM-band&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FM-band [inte skriven än]">FM-band</a>) riktigt bra. Vuxna människor hör ofta inte ljud med högre frekvenser än så; barn och ungdomar kanske ytterligare högst en <a href="/wiki/Ters_(musik)" title="Ters (musik)">ters</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kvint" title="Kvint">kvint</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fokusering_och_förträngning"><span id="Fokusering_och_f.C3.B6rtr.C3.A4ngning"></span>Fokusering och förträngning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fokusering och förträngning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fokusering och förträngning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Till skillnad från en vanliga ljudmätare så har hjärnan också förmågan att mer eller mindre fokusera eller förtränga ett specifikt ljud. Detta är troligen också ett arv från evolutionen. Stenåldersmänniskor som kunde urskilja och reagera på vissa svaga ljud från faror hade större chans att överleva och ta hand om sina barn o.s.v.. </p><p>Man kan också träna förmågan att urskilja ett visst ljud i en komplex ljudmiljö, orkestermusiker har ofta bättre förmåga än medelpersonen att urskilja och särskilja ljud, något som delvis anses bero på att verksamheten tvingar dem till detta. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rselskada" title="Hörselskada">Hörselskada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller" title="Buller">Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbetsmilj%C3%B6" title="Arbetsmiljö">Ljud och arbetsmiljö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kognitiv_h%C3%B6rselvetenskap" title="Kognitiv hörselvetenskap">Kognitiv hörselvetenskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synestesi" title="Synestesi">Synestesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4kert_lyssnande" title="Säkert lyssnande">Säkert lyssnande</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGelfand2016">Gelfand, Stanley A. (2016). <i><span>Essentials of audiology: 290 illustrations</span></i> (Fourth edition). Thieme. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-60406-861-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-60406-861-0">ISBN 978-1-60406-861-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 14 maj 2024</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+audiology%3A+290+illustrations&rft.aulast=Gelfand&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rft.au=Gelfand%2C+Stanley+A.&rft.date=2016&rft.edition=Fourth+edition&rft.pub=Thieme&rft.isbn=978-1-60406-861-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:H%C3%B6rsel"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sr.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1012&artikel=3180831">Josefine Bjelkholm:Musiker har vassast öron, Sveriges Radio 2009-10-20</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091118231830/http://www.sr.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1012&artikel=3180831">Arkiverad</a> 18 november 2009 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rsel&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hearing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hearing">Hörsel</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hearing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hearing">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Global_Audiology" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Global Audiology">Global Audiology</a>, International Society of Audiology.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hörsel&oldid=55033432">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hörsel&oldid=55033432</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:H%C3%B6rsel" title="Kategori:Hörsel">Hörsel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Akustik" title="Kategori:Akustik">Akustik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sinnesorgan" title="Kategori:Sinnesorgan">Sinnesorgan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ljud" title="Kategori:Ljud">Ljud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Audiologi" title="Kategori:Audiologi">Audiologi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 26 juni 2024 kl. 00.14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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