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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chvilevaite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Chvilevaite</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sulfide_mineral" title="Sulfide mineral">Sulfide mineral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a>(<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a>,<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a>,<a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>)<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a><sub>4</sub><sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>or</i> Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-atlas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kachalov_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kachalov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cvi<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.FB.10<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trigonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonal crystal system">Trigonal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sulfide_mineral" title="Sulfide mineral">Sulfide</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">bronze when freshly chipped, gradually blackening to sooty<sup id="cite_ref-hand_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hand-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">in the form of free grains and small aggregates</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Perfect on {0001}<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">irregular to uneven</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">metallic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">opaque<sup id="cite_ref-hand_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hand-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.94 (calculated)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">distinct, from pale orange to dark gray with a lilac tint.<sup id="cite_ref-hand_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hand-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chvilevaite</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">чвилеваи́т, чвилёваи́т</span>, in its own name)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a rare hydrothermal polymetallic mineral from the class of complex sulfides, forming microscopic grains in related minerals, its composition is a rare combination of alkali (combining <a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification#Lithophile_elements" title="Goldschmidt classification">lithophile</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification#Chalcophile_elements" title="Goldschmidt classification">chalcophile</a> metals — <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> ferro-sulfide, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> with the calculation formula Na(Cu,<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a>,Zn)<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a><sub>4</sub>,<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally published and confirmed as Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kachalov_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kachalov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup> </p><p>The new mineral was studied, described and identified in 1985-1986 and named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Chvileva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatyana Chvileva">Tatyana Chvileva</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-named_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-named-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a leading employee of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Mineralogy,_Geochemistry_and_Crystal_Chemistry_of_Rare_Elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (page does not exist)">Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements</a>, a mineralogist at the Mineragraphy Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-IMGRE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGRE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_history_and_name">Discovery history and name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery history and name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, a new mineral of the approximate composition Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-atlas_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was discovered as very small grains of inclusion in archival samples of <a href="/wiki/Sphalerite" title="Sphalerite">sphalerite</a> from the Akatuy lead-zinc deposit (<a href="/wiki/Alexandrovo-Zavodsky_District" title="Alexandrovo-Zavodsky District">Alexandrovo-Zavodsky district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Trans-Baikal Territory</a>), obtained by the microscopy laboratory of the IMGRE from the funds of the <a href="/wiki/Fersman_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Fersman Mineralogical Museum">Mineralogical Museum of the Academy of Sciences USSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-academ_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> Monomineral grains of the future chvilevaite had sizes from 0.01 to 0.5 mm, but, as a rule, did not reach the maximum size, occurring mainly in the smallest varieties (from 0.01 to 0.05 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-kachalov_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kachalov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup> Therefore, the establishment of a new mineral species occurred mainly by subtle instrumental methods, based on the results of microscopic and X-ray studies.<sup id="cite_ref-academ_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> </p><p>The new mineral was approved on June 22, 1987, by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (CNMMN) of the <a href="/wiki/International_Mineralogical_Association" title="International Mineralogical Association">International Mineralogical Association</a> (IMA, Protocol No. 5). It was named in honor of the authoritative mineralogist and mineralographer <a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Chvileva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatyana Chvileva">Tatyana Chvileva</a>, whose scientific portfolio at that time already included four new discovered mineral species.<sup id="cite_ref-named_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-named-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Type material and reference samples of the mineral are stored in the <a href="/wiki/Fersman_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Fersman Mineralogical Museum">Fersman Moscow Mineralogical Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-american_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 946">: 946 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmm.ru/FMM_1_88050#/media/File:FMM_1_88050.JPG">Chvilevaite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fersman_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Fersman Mineralogical Museum">Fersman Museum</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chvilevaite is a pronounced <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit" title="Hydrothermal mineral deposit">hydrothermal</a> <a href="/wiki/Metasomatism" title="Metasomatism">metasomatic</a> mineral from the class of complex <a href="/wiki/Sulfide_mineral" title="Sulfide mineral">sulfides</a>. It is one of the rare minerals with unusual chemistry, combining <a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification#Lithophile_elements" title="Goldschmidt classification">lithophile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification#Chalcophile_elements" title="Goldschmidt classification">chalcophile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>) elements in its composition. In addition to chvilevaite itself, such minerals also include <a href="/wiki/Djerfisherite" title="Djerfisherite">djerfisherite</a> K<sub>6</sub>(Cu,Fe,Ni)<sub>23</sub>S<sub>26</sub>Cl and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murunskite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murunskite (page does not exist)">murunskite</a> K<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>FeS<sub>3</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-push_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-push-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 174">: 174 </span></sup> In addition, until the 2020s, chvilevaite was the only find of a sulfide mineral with <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> content in ore deposits. The other two listed in this series are <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-dobro_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dobro-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> </p><p>The color of the mineral on fresh chips is bronze (similar to <a href="/wiki/Bornite" title="Bornite">bornite</a>), like many ore sulfides, it quickly oxidizes and fades to a sooty black tint, the luster is metallic, and in air it quickly oxidizes and becomes tarnished. In reflected light, Chvilevait is orange; over time it also darkens and modulates towards pink-violet or purple. <a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a> is distinct, from pale orange to dark gray with a lilac tint. The mineral is highly <a href="/wiki/Anisotropy" title="Anisotropy">anisotropic</a>, the effect is distinct, ranging from black to white.<sup id="cite_ref-hand_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hand-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale" title="Mohs scale">Hardness</a> is low, no more than 3; <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">cleavage</a> is perfect along {0001}, the mineral is brittle.<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chvilevaite forms tabular, prismatic crystals; individual grains do not exceed 0.5 mm. The shape of the deposits is quite diverse: lamellar, prismatic, irregular and isometric, but lamellar scaly deposits with good cleavage predominate.<sup id="cite_ref-academ_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> Taking into account the constantly occurring fluctuations in the content of all elements in the mineral, in 1988 the general formula of chvilevaite was presented in proportional form, as (Na<sub>2,00</sub>Ca<sub>0,03</sub>)<sub>2,03</sub>(Cu<sub>2,56</sub>Fe<sub>O,88</sub>Zn<sub>0,43</sub>As<sub>0,03</sub>Mn<sub>0,005</sub>)<sub>3,90</sub>S<sub>4,06</sub>. The idealized formula was Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>, and minor amounts of <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> were classified as impurities.<sup id="cite_ref-academ_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91">: 91 </span></sup> </p><p>X-ray studies of the crystal lattice of chvilevaite showed that the new mineral has a <a href="/wiki/Trigonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonal crystal system">trigonal system</a> and is not a structural analogue of the only known mineral with a related composition at that time, tetragonal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murunskite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murunskite (page does not exist)">murunskite</a> К<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>FeS<sub>4</sub>. The research results showed that the symmetry, unit cell parameters of chvilevaite, as well as interatomic distances fixed from the Paterson function are close to <a href="/wiki/Wurtzite" title="Wurtzite">wurtzite</a>; atoms (<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>) jointly occupy tetrahedral voids in a hexagonal close packing (like wurtzite) of sulfur atoms: <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na atom</a> can be located in one of 2 octahedral voids in the unit cell. <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> atoms together occupy half of the tetrahedral voids, but unlike <a href="/wiki/Wurtzite" title="Wurtzite">wurtzite</a>, in chvilevaite tetrahedral voids of different orientations are filled, having common edges and forming dense tetrahedral layers. <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> atoms occupy half of the octahedral voids layer by layer, which leads to the appearance of a <a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)#Metallic_lustre" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">metallic luster</a> in the crystals. In the structure along the c axis, dense layers of (Cu, Fe, Zn) tetrahedra alternate with looser layers of NaS6 octahedra, which fully explains the <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">perfect cleavage</a> along (0001).<sup id="cite_ref-academ_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academ-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 91–92">: 91–92 </span></sup> </p><p>A very similar crystalline structure, although dissimilar space groups, characterizes the whole family of <i>chvilevaite-like</i> synthetic <a href="/wiki/Sulfide_mineral" title="Sulfide mineral">sulfides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selenide_minerals" title="Selenide minerals">selenides</a>: Na(CuFe)S<sub>2</sub>, Li(CuFe)S<sub>2</sub>, Li(CuFe)Se<sub>2</sub> and others. It is significant that replacing layers of <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> atoms with layers of larger <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesium">cesium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> ions automatically leads to a transition from the trigonal chvilevaite structural type to the <a href="/wiki/Tetragonal_crystal_system" title="Tetragonal crystal system">tetragonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Bukovite" title="Bukovite">bukovite</a> structural type. In particular, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murunskite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murunskite (page does not exist)">murunskite</a>, found on Mount <a href="/wiki/Koashva" title="Koashva">Koashva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">pegmatites</a> of the same type as the new mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orikite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orikite (page does not exist)">orikite</a> discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Khibiny_Mountains" title="Khibiny Mountains">Khibiny Mountains</a> in 2007, has a similar crystal structure. However, a detailed X-ray study and modeling of the powder pattern of the found orikite showed that this mineral and chvilevaite are most likely not direct structural analogues.<sup id="cite_ref-pekov_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pekov-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mineral_formation">Mineral formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mineral formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vk.com/wall-23297475_35490">Chvilevaite</a> (four photos)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chvilevaite of the Akatui deposit was first found in the form of free grains and intergrowths in crushed <a href="/wiki/Sphalerite" title="Sphalerite">sphalerite</a> samples containing small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Galena" title="Galena">galena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_mineral" title="Carbonate mineral">carbonates</a>, as well as single grains of <a href="/wiki/Boulangerite" title="Boulangerite">boulangerite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Covellite" title="Covellite">covellite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcocite" title="Chalcocite">chalcocite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsenopyrite" title="Arsenopyrite">arsenopyrite</a>. This mineral is most often found in close intergrowths with covellite, in the mass of which relics of galena are recorded, and covellite often replaces chvilevaite and galena with the formation of complex <a href="/wiki/Myrmekite" title="Myrmekite">myrmekite</a> growths. Chvilevaite is also observed intergrown with <a href="/wiki/Chalcocite" title="Chalcocite">chalcocite</a>, occasionally with arsenopyrite, sphalerite, <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> and organic matter.<sup id="cite_ref-kachalov_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kachalov-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, typical associations for chvilevaite are minerals of <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit" title="Hydrothermal mineral deposit">hydrothermal veins</a>: sphalerite, covellite, chalcocite, galena, pyrite, boulangerite, arsenopyrite, carbonates and quartz.<sup id="cite_ref-hand_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hand-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Akatui lead-zinc ore field, typical for chvilevaite, is more than indicative of its genesis. The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, boulangerite and <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhotite" title="Pyrrhotite">pyrrhotite</a>. To a depth of 40–80 meters, the ores are highly oxidized and are represented by a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Limonite" title="Limonite">limonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerussite" title="Cerussite">cerussite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonite" title="Smithsonite">smithsonite</a> and the remains of undecomposed galena with quartz. Sulfide-containing minerals such as pyrite and chvilevaite are present in significant quantities in <a href="/wiki/Stockpile" title="Stockpile">stockpiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">tailings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ancif_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancif-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the Akatui deposit, Chvilevaite has been established throughout the world in sulfide lead-zinc deposits with similar conditions, in particular in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and the mines of Saint-Hilaire, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. However, rarely where the size of the discharge of this mineral even slightly exceeds the immediately established 0.5 mm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezsmertnovite" title="Bezsmertnovite">Bezsmertnovite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semenovite (page does not exist)">Semenovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicennite" title="Avicennite">Avicennite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibinskite" title="Bilibinskite">Bilibinskite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogdanovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogdanovite (page does not exist)">Bogdanovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volynskite" title="Volynskite">Volynskite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djerfisherite" title="Djerfisherite">Djerfisherite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-1050.html">Chvilevaite</a> (A valid IMA mineral species: Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>): information about the mineral <i>chvilevait</i> in the Mindat database.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=en&mineral=Chvilevait">Chvilevaite</a> in the Mineralienatlas database.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kachalov-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kachalov_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kachalov_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kachalov_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kachalov_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kachalovskaya V.M., Osipov B.S., Nazarenko N.G., Kukoev V.A., Mazmanyan V.O., Egorov I.N., Kaplunnik L.N.</i> Chvilevait — is a new alkali metal sulfide with the composition Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. — Moscow: Notes of the Russian Mineralogical Society, volume 117, № 2, 1988. — p. 204-207. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hand-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hand_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hand_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hand_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hand_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hand_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols</i> (Hrsg.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America. 2001. — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/chvilevaite.pdf">Chvilevaite</a>: page in Handbook of mineralogy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since the mineral is named after the surname of <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Chvileva" title="Tatiana Chvileva">Tatiana Chvileva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Татьяна Чвилёва</span>), it would be more accurate to write <i>сhvilyovaite</i> or <i>čvilyovaite</i>, however, when registering the mineral, the authors and the commission took the path of simplifying the name, which was too difficult to pronounce.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-named-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-named_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-named_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Minerals named after employees of the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Mineralogy,_Geochemistry_and_Crystal_Chemistry_of_Rare_Elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (page does not exist)">IMGRE</a>): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imgre.ru/images/2023/NOV4/Khom2222.pdf">Chvilevaite</a>, 2023. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGRE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGRE_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official website of the Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imgre.ru/">IMGRE.ru</a>. Institute employees, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imgre.ru/images/2023/BESPOLK/chast2.pdf">home front workers</a>, labor veterans. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academ-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-academ_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academ_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academ_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academ_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academ_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kaplunik L. N., Petrova I. V., Pobedimskaya E. A., Kachalovskaya V. M., Osipov B. S.</i> (1990) Crystal structure of natural alkali sulfide chvilevaite Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. Presented by Academician <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Жариков, Вилен Андреевич">V. A. Zharikov</a> on April 22, 1988. — Moscow: Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences: volume 310: p. 90-93 <i>(in Russian)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-american_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jambor, John L., Vanko, David A.</i> (1989) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM74/AM74_946.pdf">p.946</a>-951</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-push-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-push_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Пущаровский, Дмитрий Юрьевич">Pushcharovsky D. Yu.</a></i> Mineralogical crystallography. — Moscow: Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, Geokart, Geos, 2020. — 599 p. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dobro-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dobro_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dobrovolskaya M. G.</i> Alkali metal sulfides in nature. History of study, geography, associations, isomorphism, educational conditions. — Moscow: 2018. — 159 p. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pekov-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pekov_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Пеков, Игорь Викторович">Pekov I.V.</a></i> Orikite from the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula) and its structural features. — Moscow, New data on minerals, Vol. 45, 2010. — p.113-120 <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancif-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ancif_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Antsiferov D. V.</i> Isolation from acid mine waste and cultivation of sulfate-reducing bacteria, promising for the formation of metal sulfides. Thesis. Tomsk State University. — Moscow: 2018. <i>(in Russian)</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kachalovskaya V.M., Osipov B.S., Nazarenko N.G., Kukoev V.A., Mazmanyan V.O., Egorov I.N., Kaplunnik L.N.</i> Chvilevait — is a new alkali metal sulfide with the composition Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. — Moscow: Notes of the Russian Mineralogical Society, volume 117, No. 2, 1988. — p. 204-207. <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><i>Jambor, John L., Vanko, David A.</i> (1989) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 74 (7–8) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM74/AM74_946.pdf">p.946</a>-951</li> <li><i>Kaplunnik, L.N., Petrova, I.V., Pobedimskaya, E.A., Kachalovskaya, V.M., Osipov, B.S.</i> (1990) Crystal structure of the natural alkaline sulfide chvilevaite Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 310: 90–93. <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><i>Kaplunnik, L.N., Petrova, I.V., Pobedimskaya, E.A., Kachalovskaya, V.M., Osipov, B.S.</i> (1990) Crystal structure of natural alkaline sulfide, chvilevaite, Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. Soviet Physics - Doklady: 35: 6–8. <i>(in Russian)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/min-1050.html">Chvilevaite</a> (A valid IMA mineral species: Na(Cu,Fe,Zn)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>): information about the mineral chvilevait in the Mindat database.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/chvilevaite.pdf">Chvilevaite</a>: page in Handbook of mineralogy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webmineral.ru/minerals/item.php?id=211053">Chvilevaite</a> in the webmineral.ru database: minerals and deposits of Russia <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogmineralov.ru/mineral/chvilevaite.html">Chvilevaite</a>: on the website catalogmineralov.ru <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?lang=en&mineral=Chvilevait">Chvilevaite</a> in the Mineralienatlas database</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mincryst.iem.ac.ru/rus/s_carta.php?CHVILEVAITE+908">Chvilevaite</a>: mineral information card in the IEM RAS database <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karpinskyinstitute.ru/ru/public/sprav/geodictionary/article.php?ELEMENT_ID=93683">Chvilevaite</a>, mineral page: All-Russian Research Geological Institute named after. A.P. Karpinsky <i>(in Russian)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fmm.ru/FMM_1_88050">Chvilevaite</a>: Mineralogical Museum <a href="/wiki/Fersman_Mineralogical_Museum" title="Fersman Mineralogical Museum">named after. A.E. Fersman</a> of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&oldid=1256698134">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chvilevaite&oldid=1256698134</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copper_minerals" title="Category:Copper minerals">Copper minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sulfide_minerals" title="Category:Sulfide minerals">Sulfide minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sodium_minerals" title="Category:Sodium minerals">Sodium minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iron_minerals" title="Category:Iron minerals">Iron minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zinc_minerals" title="Category:Zinc minerals">Zinc minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trigonal_minerals" title="Category:Trigonal minerals">Trigonal minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minerals_described_in_1987" title="Category:Minerals described in 1987">Minerals described in 1987</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 04:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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