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<ul id="toc-Klasifiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tipo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tipo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satureco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satureco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Satureco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satureco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poreco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poreco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Poreco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poreco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tralasiveco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tralasiveco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tralasiveco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tralasiveco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tegateco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tegateco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tegateco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tegateco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grundakvejo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 56 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuifero" title="Acuifero — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Acuifero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طبقة المياه الجوفية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقة المياه الجوفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1" title="آکیفر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آکیفر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносен хоризонт — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водоносен хоризонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq%C3%BC%C3%ADfer" title="Aqüífer — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aqüífer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ئاوھەڵگر — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوھەڵگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvode%C5%88" title="Zvodeň — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zvodeň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundvandsmagasin" title="Grundvandsmagasin — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grundvandsmagasin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundwasserleiter" title="Grundwasserleiter — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grundwasserleiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hjaveekiht" title="Põhjaveekiht — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhjaveekiht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifero" title="Akuifero — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akuifero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آبخوان — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akviferi" title="Akviferi — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akviferi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquif%C3%A8re" title="Aquifère — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aquifère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisc%C3%ADoch" title="Uiscíoch — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uiscíoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acu%C3%ADfero" title="Acuífero — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acuífero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94" title="אקווה — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0" title="जलभर — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलभर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwif%C3%A8" title="Akwifè — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akwifè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifer" title="Akuifer — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akuifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falda_acquifera" title="Falda acquifera — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falda acquifera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%A4" title="帯水層 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帯水層" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1swom_(a%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot)" title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot) — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жергілікті сулар — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жергілікті сулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜಲಧರ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಧರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%88%98%EC%B8%B5" title="대수층 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대수층" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum_aquiferum" title="Stratum aquiferum — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stratum aquiferum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandeningas_sluoksnis" title="Vandeningas sluoksnis — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandeningas sluoksnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Уст давхарга — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уст давхарга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifer" title="Akuifer — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akuifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81eeyi%CA%BCdi_t%C3%B3h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warstwa_wodono%C5%9Bna" title="Warstwa wodonośna — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warstwa wodonośna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqu%C3%ADfero" title="Aquífero — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aquífero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acvifer" title="Acvifer — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acvifer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносный горизонт — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водоносный горизонт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izdan" title="Izdan — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izdan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB" title="ජලධර — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලධර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrologick%C3%BD_kolektor" title="Hydrologický kolektor — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrologický kolektor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodonosnik" title="Vodonosnik — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodonosnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Издан — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Издан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akifer" title="Akifer — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akifer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносний горизонт — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водоносний горизонт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_ng%E1%BA%ADm_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Tầng ngậm nước — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng ngậm nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="含水层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Grundakvejo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&oldid=8848075" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Grundakvejo&id=8848075&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrundakvejo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrundakvejo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Grundakvejo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grundakvejo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aquifers" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Groundwater_flow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Groundwater_flow.svg/220px-Groundwater_flow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Groundwater_flow.svg/330px-Groundwater_flow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Groundwater_flow.svg/440px-Groundwater_flow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Skemo de grundakvo montranta limigitajn zonojn, grundajn akvotempojn, fonton kaj puton.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Grundakvejo</b> estas tavolo da tereno, aŭ <a href="/wiki/Roko" class="mw-redirect" title="Roko">roko</a>, sufiĉe porhava aŭ fendethava (por enteni <a href="/wiki/Grundakvo" title="Grundakvo">grundakvon</a>) kaj tralasiva (kie <a href="/wiki/Grundakvo" title="Grundakvo">grundakvo</a> povas traflui). </p><p>Grundakvejo estas natura ujo da <a href="/wiki/Nesala_akvo" title="Nesala akvo">nesala akvo</a>, kiun oni povas ekspluati per <a href="/wiki/Puto" title="Puto">putoj</a>, boradoj au akvokolekto. La grundakvejo pli proksima de la grunda surfaco, estas la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freatika_tavolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freatika tavolo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">freatika tavolo</a>. Estas tiuj, kiujn oni pli facile ekspluatas, sed ankaŭ la plej minacitaj de <a href="/wiki/Poluo" title="Poluo">poluo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifiko">Klasifiko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Klasifiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Klasifiko"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipo">Tipo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Tipo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tipo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oni distingas la <b>porhavajn</b>, <b>lamenaj</b> kaj <b><a href="/wiki/Karsto" title="Karsto">karstajn</a></b> grundakvejojn </p> <ul><li>En la <b>porhavaj grundakvejoj</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Sablo" title="Sablo">sabloj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreto" class="mw-disambig" title="Kreto">kreto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gruzo_(geologio)" title="Gruzo (geologio)">gruzoj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grejso" title="Grejso">grejso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulkana_cindro" title="Vulkana cindro">vulkana cindroj</a> ktp). Akvo estas entenata en rokaj poro aŭ inter grajnoj, kaj fluas libere.</li></ul> <ul><li>En la <b>lamenaj (aŭ fendhavaj) grundakvejoj</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Granito" title="Granito">granito</a> aŭ vulkanaj rokoj). Akvo estas entenata en rokaj fendoj.</li></ul> <ul><li>En la <b>krastaj grundakvejoj</b>, estas superficia fendhava aŭ porhava tavolo, kiu situas supre de tavolo kun grotoj, <a href="/wiki/Kaverno" title="Kaverno">kavernoj</a>, en kiu akvo fluas tre rapide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satureco">Satureco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Satureco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Satureco"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>En <b>saturita</b> grundakvejo ĉiuj disponeblaj spaceroj (poroj, fendoj, kavernoj) estas tute plenaj je akvo. La akva premo estas pli granda ol la aerpremo (la nivelo, kie la aerpremo egalas la akvopremo estas la freatika nivelo).</li> <li>En <b>nesaturita</b> grundakvejo disponeblas libera spaco plenigita je aero, kaj ĝi povas akcepti plian akvon. La premo estas malpli granda ol la aerpremo, akvo "<i>adheras</i>" je la roko pro <a href="/wiki/Ecoj_de_la_akvo#kapilareco" title="Ecoj de la akvo">kapilareco</a>. La kapilaraj fortoj povas levi akvon je inter 0,3 kaj 10 metroj.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poreco">Poreco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Poreco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Poreco"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La kvanto da akvo, kiun povas enteni saturita grundakvejo dependas de sia kompono. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>1 m<sup>3</sup> da roko: </th> <th>entenas: litroj da akvo </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sablo" title="Sablo">Sablo</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Gruzo_(geologio)" title="Gruzo (geologio)">gruzo</a> </td> <td>200 ĝis 400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fajna sablo </td> <td>300 ĝis 350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grejso" title="Grejso">Grejso</a> </td> <td>50 ĝis 200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kreto" class="mw-disambig" title="Kreto">kreto</a> </td> <td>100 ĝis 400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalko%C5%9Dtono" title="Kalkoŝtono">Kalkoŝtono</a> fendhava </td> <td>10 ĝis 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argilo" title="Argilo">Argilo</a> </td> <td>400 ĝis 500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skisto" title="Skisto">Skisto</a> </td> <td>10 ĝis 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Granito" title="Granito">Granito</a> fendhava </td> <td>1 ĝis 50 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tralasiveco">Tralasiveco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakti sekcion: Tralasiveco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tralasiveco"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grundakvejo estas pli-malpli tralasiva. </p> <ul><li>Plej tralasivaj grundakvejo estas tiuj el <a href="/wiki/Sablo" title="Sablo">sablo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gruzo_(geologio)" title="Gruzo (geologio)">gruzo</a> <a href="/wiki/Aluvio" title="Aluvio">Aluvio</a> aŭ fendhava roko.</li> <li>Tavolo el <a href="/wiki/Argilo" title="Argilo">argilo</a> aŭ malmulte fendhava roko povas enhavi akvon, sed tiu-ĉi trafluas malrapide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tegateco">Tegateco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakti sekcion: Tegateco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Tegateco"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grundakvejo ofte estas netegata, tie estas ke supre de ĝi estas nur tralasiaj tertavoloj; estas la ĝenerala kazo de freatikaj tavoloj. Kiam supre de la tralasiva tavolo estas ne-tralasiva tavolo, la grundakvejo estas tegata. la akvo en tegata grundakvejo pova est premata kaj povas ŝpruci kiel <a href="/wiki/Arteza_puto" title="Arteza puto">arteza puto</a>. </p> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aquifers?uselang=eo">Kategorio Grundakvejo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #228b22;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ĝermo pri hidrologio"><img alt="Ĝermo pri hidrologio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/40px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/60px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/80px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;"><b>Ĉi tiu artikolo ankoraŭ estas <a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%9Cermo" title="Vikipedio:Ĝermo">ĝermo</a> pri <a href="/wiki/Hidrologio" title="Hidrologio">hidrologio</a>.</b><hr /> <div style="font-size:90%;">Helpu al Vikipedio <i><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grundakvejo&action=edit">plilongigi ĝin</a></i>. 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