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(PDF) From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="19rHIasJmTif-av8O_Uf1W2d3ueqqM48XPiox-FHHLFGOhJqaOzz3mZ4bKIhfxVj-3vos8wed9U21UTludXGVw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2012/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Giuseppe Ieraci" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/70791065/From_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/3077651/1590869/1924093/s200_giuseppe.ieraci.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/70791065/From_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy" /> <meta property="og:title" content="From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://trieste.academia.edu/GiuseppeIeraci" /> <meta name="description" content="Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized" /> <title>(PDF) From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/70791065/From_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739809158000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739809158000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized multiparty politics, according to G. Sartori. Observing the rallying of the Italian parties around two major and opposite poles since the 1994 elections, one would have been tempted to conclude that, despite the persistent fractionalization, the Italian party system was now bipolar. This paper addresses the peculiarities of the new Italian bipolarism, inquiring into the contemporary changes of the patterns of party competition in Italy. Starting from G. Sartori’s seminal party system theory, an interpretation of the new allignment of the Italian party system is advanced and it is argued that the Italian case has moved from polarized pluralism (1948-1992) to polarized bipolarism (since","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Giuseppe Ieraci","url":"https://trieste.academia.edu/GiuseppeIeraci"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-02-06","datePublished":"2012-01-01","headline":"From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F70791065%2FFrom_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":80392216,"identifier":"Attachment_80392216","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":70791065,"created_at":"2022-02-06T22:07:25.460-08:00","from_world_paper_id":194962076,"updated_at":"2024-11-30T10:22:33.937-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized multiparty politics, according to G. Sartori. Observing the rallying of the Italian parties around two major and opposite poles since the 1994 elections, one would have been tempted to conclude that, despite the persistent fractionalization, the Italian party system was now bipolar. This paper addresses the peculiarities of the new Italian bipolarism, inquiring into the contemporary changes of the patterns of party competition in Italy. Starting from G. Sartori’s seminal party system theory, an interpretation of the new allignment of the Italian party system is advanced and it is argued that the Italian case has moved from polarized pluralism (1948-1992) to polarized bipolarism (since","ai_title_tag":"Evolving Party Competition: From Pluralism to Bipolarism in Italy","publication_date":"2012,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3077651]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card ds-work-card--no-bottom-spacing"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":80392216,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/80392216/mini_magick20220206-31245-15tuyqh.png?1644214086" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">From Polarized Pluralism to Polarized Bipolarism. Party System and Patterns of Competition in Contemporary Italy</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3077651" href="https://trieste.academia.edu/GiuseppeIeraci"><img alt="Profile image of Giuseppe Ieraci" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3077651/1590869/1924093/s65_giuseppe.ieraci.jpg" />Giuseppe Ieraci</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 70791065; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=70791065"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Italian party politics had been described for decades as immoderate and highly fractionalized. A great distance between the parties on the left-to-right dimension (polarization) and fractionalization are the two well-known syndromes of polarized multiparty politics, according to G. Sartori. Observing the rallying of the Italian parties around two major and opposite poles since the 1994 elections, one would have been tempted to conclude that, despite the persistent fractionalization, the Italian party system was now bipolar. This paper addresses the peculiarities of the new Italian bipolarism, inquiring into the contemporary changes of the patterns of party competition in Italy. Starting from G. Sartori’s seminal party system theory, an interpretation of the new allignment of the Italian party system is advanced and it is argued that the Italian case has moved from polarized pluralism (1948-1992) to polarized bipolarism (since</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":80392216,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70791065/From_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":80392216,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70791065/From_Polarized_Pluralism_to_Polarized_Bipolarism_Party_System_and_Patterns_of_Competition_in_Contemporary_Italy"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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