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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>360 v. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">360 v. Tencent</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Qihoo 360 v. Tencent, Inc. </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citations</th><td class="infobox-data">（2013）民三终字4号 <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">(2013) Min San Zhong Zi No. 4</span></i>) <br /> Stanford Law School China Guiding Cases Project, English Guiding Case (EGC78), Apr. 7, 2017 Edition</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>360 vs Tencent</b></i> is a dispute between two <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> companies, <a href="/wiki/Tencent_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Tencent Holdings">Tencent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qihoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Qihoo">Qihoo</a>, over competition practices that has escalated in November 2010, and hundreds of millions of users were forced to choose sides in the dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the first anti-monopoly case to be heard by the Supreme People's Court since the <a href="/wiki/Anti_Monopoly_Law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti Monopoly Law of China">Anti Monopoly Law of China</a> was promulgated.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the time Qihoo, the producer of the anti-virus software <a href="/wiki/360_Safeguard" class="mw-redirect" title="360 Safeguard">360 Safeguard</a>, was a competitor of QQ Doctor, which gained 40% of the Chinese market overnight when it bundled with <a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">Tencent QQ</a>. On September 27, 2017, Qihoo released privacy guard software that showed QQ's <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China">suspicious spying activities on its users</a>. Tencent then responded with a fabricated report alleging that Qihoo was under investigation for ads involving pornographic websites, as that Qihoo was attempting to gain support from its competitors in the anti-virus front like <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingsoft" title="Kingsoft">Kingsoft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Lab" title="Kaspersky Lab">Kaspersky Lab</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tencent_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tencent_Logo.svg/250px-Tencent_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tencent_Logo.svg/330px-Tencent_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tencent_Logo.svg/500px-Tencent_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>Tencent</figcaption></figure><p>Later Qihoo alleged that QQ scans the installed programs in user's computer based on a "super black list", and attacked TenCent CEO <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huateng" title="Ma Huateng">Ma Huateng</a>, saying he <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">had been receiving government subsidies for housing</a>. Qihoo also updated its privacy guard software to block ads in QQ,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tencent's responded by filing an <a href="/wiki/Unfair_competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfair competition">unfair competition</a> lawsuit against Qihoo and released an update that blocked Tencent products from running on machines with 360 Safeguard installed. Hundreds of millions of Chinese computer users were forced to choose sides in the legal conflict by choosing to, either uninstall QQ or 360's privacy guard.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg/250px-%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg/330px-%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg/500px-%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B5%B7%E7%82%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation_at_the_Guangdong_High_People's_Court"><span id="Litigation_at_the_Guangdong_High_People.27s_Court"></span>Litigation at the Guangdong High People's Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Litigation at the Guangdong High People's Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A case of “abuse of dominant market position”, the first anti-monopoly law (AML) private enforcement case that was initially brought to and examined by the provincial <a href="/wiki/High_people%27s_court" title="High people's court">high people's court</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> High People's Court issued a judgment<sup id="cite_ref-cgc.law.stanford.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgc.law.stanford.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was both controversial and highly criticized by commentators. </p><p>In their judgment they held that: </p> <ul><li>The relevant geographic market was worldwide. This meant that companies like <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, which are banned in China, were considered to be competitors of Tencent.</li> <li>The relevant market included social media sites, email service providers and others.</li></ul> <p>Tencent was found to not have abused a dominant market position.<sup id="cite_ref-cgc.law.stanford.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgc.law.stanford.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation_at_the_Supreme_People's_Court"><span id="Litigation_at_the_Supreme_People.27s_Court"></span>Litigation at the Supreme People's Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Litigation at the Supreme People's Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/360_v._Tencent" title="Special:EditPage/360 v. Tencent">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dissatisfied with the decision of the Guangdong High Court, Qihoo decided to appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a>. </p><p>By far, the Supreme Court's written judgment is the best and most professional, both judicially and technically, judicial judgment of its kind ever amongst all AML cases in China. Given the judicial power and nature of the Supreme Court, this judgment established and reaffirmed several very important judicial rules with precedent case law effect insofar as the private enforcement of AML is concerned. These important judicial rules include: </p> <ol><li>reaffirms the doctrine of <i>semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit</i> (he who alleges must prove) with regard to the allocation of <i>onus probandi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)" title="Burden of proof (law)">burden of proof</a>) in the AML judicial case</li> <li>defining the relevant market is not a purpose but instead rather a methodology in assessing the relevant undertaking's market power and the influence power of the alleged monopoly conduct on to the competition, as such it is not compulsory to specifically and exactly define the relevant market in every AML litigation of abuse of dominant market position</li> <li>a hypothetical monopoly test (HMT) based on tools of SSNIP (<a href="/wiki/Small_but_significant_and_non-transitory_increase_in_price" title="Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price">small but significant and non-transitory increase in price</a>) or SSNDQ (small but significant and non-transitory decrease in quality) may be conducted in defining the relevant market but should be conducted carefully with caution</li> <li>the related market situation and technology development trend post the litigation may be taken into consideration in defining the relevant market</li> <li>market share is not the only element in concluding a dominant market position</li> <li>multi-elements should be comprehensively evaluated in defining the dominant market position, including but not limited to: <ol><li>the market share of the undertaking in question and the competition situation of the said market;</li> <li>the control ability of the undertaking in question in the said market;</li> <li>the financial and technical status of the undertaking in question;</li> <li>the degree of dependence of other undertakings on the undertaking in question; and</li> <li>the degree of difficulty to access to the relevant market by other undertakings</li></ol></li> <li>if the relevant market is clearly defined and the alleged undertaking does not have dominant market position, normally it is not necessary to conduct an abuse behavior analysis and it can be directly concluded that such undertaking did not have abuse behavior; however, if neither the boundary of the relevant market nor the dominant market position of the alleged undertaking is clear or if the alleged undertaking had dominant market position, “effect examination” may be carried out so as to determine if the alleged conduct was lawful or not</li> <li>the “tie-in” under the AML is illegal if it meets all of these criteria: <ol><li>the base product and the “tie-in” product are independent to each other,</li> <li>) the undertaking has a dominant market position in the base product market,</li> <li>certain enforcement implemented upon the buyer who became lack of other options but to accept the tie-in product,</li> <li>the tie-in could not be justified and was contrary to the commercial or consumer practice or ignored the functionalities of the products, and</li> <li>the tie-in gave rise to a negative effect to the competition</li></ol></li> <li>if an undertaking successfully proved the alleged monopoly conduct was justifiable under AML does not mean such undertaking has automatically and same successfully proved the monopoly conduct has not caused negative effect of exclusion or restriction of competition.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Designation_as_a_guiding_case">Designation as a guiding case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Designation as a guiding case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Qihoo v Tencent</i> was designated as a guiding case by the Supreme People's Court. While China does not have <a href="/wiki/Case_law" title="Case law">case law</a> guiding cases can be considered to be persuasive precedents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yu Fei, CEO of Langezhiyang International Sales Consultant Principal, speculates that the dispute resulted from poor competitive strategy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Sina.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina.com">Sina</a>, 1.06 million users, or 79% of the participants, agree that the two companies "care more about their business interests than about their users."<sup id="cite_ref-eastday20101105_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eastday20101105-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kingsoft and Kaspersky made their security services free for one year shortly after the dispute escalated.<sup id="cite_ref-eastday20101105_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eastday20101105-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 4, 2010, the day after Tencent stopped messaging service on computers with 360 installed, TencentHolding (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">SEHK</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=700&sc_lang=en">700</a>) lost 10.6 billion <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">HKD</a>, or 3.1% in <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a>, including 1.1 billion HKD for Tencent CEO Ma Huateng. Kingsoft (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">SEHK</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=3888&sc_lang=en">3888</a>) jumped 17.86% and gained 784 million HKD in market cap. Another <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> software producer Beijing Shenzhou Taiyue Software Corp., Ltd (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhou_Taiyue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhou Taiyue (page does not exist)">Shenzhou Taiyue</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange">SZSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.szse.cn/English/siteMarketData/siteMarketDatas/lookup/index.html?code=300002">300002</a>) increased by 3.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microsoft's MSN may be seen as the winner of this dispute, as it agreed to integrate their products with Sina "in areas including microblogging, blogging, instant messaging, information content and mobile services."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 10, 2010, Qihoo 360 said they are going to resume their product's compatibility with QQ.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://it.sohu.com/s2010/360-qq/">Dispute between 360 and QQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sohu" title="Sohu">Sohu</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.163.com/special/360vsQQ/360vsqq.html">360 vs QQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.sina.com.cn/z/qihuvsqq/index.shtml">Dispute between 360 and QQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sina.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina.com">Sina</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150410123251/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sci/2010-11/04/c_13589831.htm">"Popular messaging service shut down as fight between China's Internet firms escalates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sci/2010-11/04/c_13589831.htm">the original</a> on 2015-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popular+messaging+service+shut+down+as+fight+between+China%27s+Internet+firms+escalates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish2010%2Fsci%2F2010-11%2F04%2Fc_13589831.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360+v.+Tencent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifanglaw.com/kr/plus/view.php?aid=594">"Lifang represented Qihoo before the Supreme Court in China's No.1 Internet Antitrust Case_立方律师事务所"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lifang+represented+Qihoo+before+the+Supreme+Court+in+China%27s+No.1+Internet+Antitrust+Case_%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifanglaw.com%2Fkr%2Fplus%2Fview.php%3Faid%3D594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360+v.+Tencent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7185623.html">"CEO: 360 will not release IM software"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106072741/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7185623.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEO%3A+360+will+not+release+IM+software&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F90001%2F90776%2F90882%2F7185623.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A360+v.+Tencent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105220317/http://asia.cnet.com/blogs/sinobytes/post.htm?id=63021608&scid=rvhm_ms">"360 Anti-Virus vs. Tencent QQ in desktop cat fight"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.cnet.com/blogs/sinobytes/post.htm?id=63021608&scid=rvhm_ms">the original</a> on 2010-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tencent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_of_defrauding_Tencent_by_impersonating_Lao_Gan_Ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Case of defrauding Tencent by impersonating Lao Gan Ma">Lao Gan Ma fraud case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naspers" title="Naspers">Naspers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosus" title="Prosus">Prosus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Huateng" title="Ma Huateng">Ma Huateng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Zhang" title="Allen Zhang">Allen Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Zhang" title="Tony Zhang">Tony Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yidan" title="Chen Yidan">Chen Yidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xiaonan" title="Chen Xiaonan">Chen Xiaonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&oldid=1242180176">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=360_v._Tencent&oldid=1242180176</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_controversies" title="Category:21st-century controversies">21st-century controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Criticisms_of_companies" title="Category:Criticisms of companies">Criticisms of companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tencent" title="Category:Tencent">Tencent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qihoo_360" title="Category:Qihoo 360">Qihoo 360</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2024">Articles needing additional references from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 August 2024, at 12:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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