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href="#Table_showing_codes_of_conduct_development_to_modern_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Table showing codes of conduct development to modern football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_showing_codes_of_conduct_development_to_modern_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ashbourne_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ashbourne_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Ashbourne game</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Ashbourne_game-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Ashbourne game subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Ashbourne_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_goals" 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श्रोवेटाइड फुटबॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="シュローヴタイド・フットボール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シュローヴタイド・フットボール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royal Shrovetide Football" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru 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searchaux" style="display:none">Annual medieval football game played in Ashbourne, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg/220px-Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg/330px-Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg/440px-Shrovetide_football_dated_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Shrovetide ball goaled by H. Hind on Ash Wednesday 1887 that pre-dates the fire which destroyed the earliest written records of the sport.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Royal Shrovetide Football Match</b> is a "<a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">medieval football</a>" game played annually on <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ashbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Ashbourne, Derbyshire">Ashbourne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, England. Shrovetide ball games have been played in England since at least the 12th century from the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II (1154–89)</a>. The Ashbourne game also known as "hugball" has been played from at least c.1667 although the exact origins of the game are unknown due to a fire at the Royal Shrovetide Committee office in the 1890s which destroyed the earliest records.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most popular origin theories suggests the macabre notion that the 'ball' was originally a severed head tossed into the waiting crowd following an <a href="/wiki/Execution" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution">execution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wesclark1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesclark1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this may have happened, it is more likely that games such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchelsea_Streete_Game&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winchelsea Streete Game (page does not exist)">Winchelsea Streete Game</a>, reputedly played during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> with France, were adaptations of an original ball game intended to show contempt for the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-winchelsea_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winchelsea-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest references to football in the county of Derbyshire comes in a poem called "Burlesque upon the Great Frost" from 1683, written after the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotton" title="Charles Cotton">Charles Cotton</a>, cousin to <a href="/wiki/Aston_Cockayne" title="Aston Cockayne">Aston Cockayne</a>, Baronet of Ashbourne (1608–84):<sup id="cite_ref-vt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Two towns, that long that war had raged<br />Being at football now engaged<br />For honour, as both sides pretend,<br />Left the brave trial to be ended<br />Till the next thaw for they were frozen<br />On either part at least a dozen,<br />With a good handsome space between 'em<br />Like <a href="/wiki/Rollright_Stones" title="Rollright Stones">Rollerich stones</a>, if you've seen 'em<br />And could no more run, kick, or trip ye<br />Than I can quaff off <a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Charles Cotton (1630–87)<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Shrovetide football played between "Two towns" in Derby is often credited with being the source of the term "<a href="/wiki/Local_derby#Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Local derby">local derby</a>". A more widely accepted origin theory is <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">The Derby</a> <a href="/wiki/Derby_(horse_race)" title="Derby (horse race)">horse race</a>. Whatever the origins the "local derby" is now a recognised term for a football game played between <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_rivalries" title="List of association football rivalries">local rivals</a> and a Derby is a horse race.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrovetide_balls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Shrovetide_balls.jpg/220px-Shrovetide_balls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/85/Shrovetide_balls.jpg/330px-Shrovetide_balls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/85/Shrovetide_balls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Shrovetide balls typical of those on display in shops and public houses in Ashbourne. These three were on display at the Wheel Inn, Ash Wednesday, 2013. The central ball shows the three cocks that appear on the Cockayne coat of Arms. This image is common to many game balls. To the right is an example of a ball without decoration.</figcaption></figure><p> A previously unknown tentative link between Royal Shrovetide football and <a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a> played in <a href="/wiki/Tricot,_Oise" title="Tricot, Oise">Tricot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a> was established in 2012 by <a href="/wiki/History_of_sport" title="History of sport">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_sport" title="Sociology of sport">sociology of sport</a> lecturer <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fournier" title="Laurent Fournier">Laurent Fournier</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nantes" title="University of Nantes">Universite de Nantes</a>. Whilst undertaking a study of "<a href="/wiki/Folk_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk football">folk football</a>", he noticed that the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cockayne_baronets" title="Cockayne baronets">Cockayne family</a> (seated in Ashbourne from the 12th century) painted on a 1909 Shrovetide ball displayed in the window of the <i>Ashbourne Telegraph</i> office contained three cockerels in its <a href="/wiki/Heraldic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic">heraldic</a> design. He recognised this matched the <a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_the_Communes_of_Oise-4_(Q-Z)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of the Communes of Oise-4 (Q-Z)">emblem of Tricot</a> (also carrying three cockerels) where La soule is played on the first Sunday of Lent and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Monday. He was welcomed to Ashbourne by the Royal Shrovetide Committee and was a guest at the Shrovetide luncheon. Research into Royal Shrovetide Football's lost history is ongoing (August 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of the ball game was understood in the <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages#Early_Middle_Ages_(600–1066)" title="England in the Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages (600–1066)</a>. Writing in the 9th century, Welsh monk and historian <a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a> makes reference in his book <a href="/wiki/Historia_Brittonum" title="Historia Brittonum">Historia Brittonum</a> to "the field of Ælecti, in the district of Glevesing, where a party of boys were playing at ball".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This account was attributed to a 5th-century source that has not survived.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ball games may have been played throughout the 1st millennium despite a lack of documented evidence. <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral traditions</a> from the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Wales" title="South East Wales">South East Wales</a> assert that the games of Cornish <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Hurling" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish Hurling">"Hurling to Country"</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Hurling to Goals", Devon "Out-Hurling"<sup id="cite_ref-senet_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senet-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Welsh "<a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a>" played during Christian festivals have more ancient <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> origins.<sup id="cite_ref-google2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fifa.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifa.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wooden balls used in these games are only found in regions where Celtic culture is still venerated. These communal events may even have started with prehistoric workers hurling forward carved wooden balls or <a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls#Megalith_construction_aid" title="Carved stone balls">stone balls</a> that archaeologists have theorised could have been used to move <a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megaliths</a> in stone circle construction.<sup id="cite_ref-exeter_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exeter-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records from antiquity have survived relating to various ball games played by the Romans, notably <a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a> which contained many elements that feature in the Shrovetide ball game. These influences were available to a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> Clergy familiar with native customs and educated in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> when a ball game was introduced to Shrovetide festivities.<sup id="cite_ref-britainexpress_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britainexpress-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-upenn_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upenn-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest recorded Shrovetide ball game comes during the <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages#High_Middle_Ages_(1066–1272)" title="England in the Middle Ages">High Middle Ages (1066–1272)</a> from the cleric <a href="/wiki/William_Fitzstephen" title="William Fitzstephen">William Fitzstephen</a> in his description of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> <i>Descriptio Nobilissimae Civitatis Londoniae</i> (c.1174–83). The game he witnessed was played at <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>, an alternative name for Shrovetide, from the Latin <i>Carnilevaria</i>, a word variant of <i><a href="/wiki/Carnival#From_carne_levare" title="Carnival">carne levare</a></i> meaning to "leave out meat" an act of <a href="/wiki/Abstinence" title="Abstinence">abstinence</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then as now games were played in the afternoon. His account suggests playing ball at Carnival had been an annual event for at least a generation.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-classzone1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classzone1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amazon_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazon-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>…"every year on the day called Carnival—to begin with the sports of boys (for we were all boys once)—scholars from the different schools bring fighting-cocks to their masters, and the whole morning is set apart to watch their cocks do battle in the schools, for the boys are given a holiday that day. After dinner all the young men of the town go out into the fields in the suburbs to play ball. The scholars of the various schools have their own ball, and almost all the followers of each occupation have theirs also. The seniors and the fathers and the wealthy magnates of the city come on horseback to watch the contests of the younger generation, and in their turn recover their lost youth: the motions of their natural heat seem to be stirred in them at the mere sight of such strenuous activity and by their participation in the joys of unbridled youth."<sup id="cite_ref-classzone1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classzone1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The location given for the "suburbs" was to the north of London. The area described of open fields and rivers is typical of the terrain still used for current games played in Ashbourne and in <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, where "<a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and Downies</a>" games take place on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, Easter Tuesday and Easter Saturday.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>…"Everywhere outside the houses of those living in the suburbs, and adjacent to them, are the spacious and beautiful gardens of the citizens, and these are planted with trees. Also there are on the north side pastures and pleasant meadow lands through which flow streams wherein the turning of mill-wheels makes a cheerful sound"….<sup id="cite_ref-classzone1_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classzone1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Although the names of the schools that participated were not stipulated, a previous reference to <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_School" title="St Paul's Cathedral School">St. Paul's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Priory,_Aldgate" title="Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate">Holy Trinity, Aldgate</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Le_Grand" title="St. Martin's Le Grand">St. Martin-le-Grand College</a> indicates these Church schools were integral to celebrating this holy-day. </p> <blockquote> <p>…"St. Paul, the church of the Holy Trinity, and the church of St. Martin have famous schools by special privilege and by virtue of their ancient dignity. But through the favour of some magnate, or through the presence of teachers who are notable or famous in philosophy, there are also other schools"….<sup id="cite_ref-classzone1_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classzone1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg/220px-Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg/330px-Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg/440px-Leather_Bottle_improvised_bakk1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Leather bottle used in village football from the 1800s on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_Museum" title="National Football Museum">National Football Museum</a>, Manchester.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages#Late_Middle_Ages_(1272–1485)" title="England in the Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages (1272–1485)</a> there were many incarnations of the ball game being played at Shrovetide, <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a> in and around the British Isles. All were played in a similar manner with localized innovations. Some of the other better-understood games, a few of which are still played, include the <a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba' game</a> (<i>ba'</i> being an abbreviation of "ball"), the <a href="/wiki/Atherstone_Ball_Game" title="Atherstone Ball Game">Atherstone Ball Game</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sedgefield_Ball_Game" title="Sedgefield Ball Game">Sedgefield Ball Game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottle-kicking" title="Bottle-kicking">Bottle-kicking</a> (usually with a leather bottle as a substitute for the ball),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a> (an Irish name for various ball games and an animal-skin ball), <a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camp-ball</a> (late medieval includes "kicking camp"), <a href="/wiki/Football#Medieval_and_early_modern_Europe" title="Football">Football</a> (late medieval), <a href="/wiki/The_Shrove_Tuesday_Football_Ceremony_of_the_Purbeck_Marblers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers">The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Masonic</a> ceremonial), <a href="/wiki/Haxey_Hood" title="Haxey Hood">Haxey Hood</a> ("Hood" being the name given to a leather tube used instead of a ball), <a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a> (<i>soule</i> being the name for the ball in northern France), and <a href="/wiki/Alnwick#Events" title="Alnwick">Scoring the Hales</a> (an alternative name for goals used in Cumbria and the Scottish borders). A contemporary collective term coined for these games is "Mob football".<sup id="cite_ref-wesclark1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesclark1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fifa.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifa.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/England#Early_Modern" title="England">early modern</a> period <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a> open to the paying public (an alternative to private home education) adopted the ball game as a sports activity.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolnet_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolnet-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version they developed was called football and was played using a bladder-<a href="/wiki/Football_(ball)" title="Football (ball)">inflated ball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolnet2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolnet2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cuafc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuafc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rugbyschool_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rugbyschool-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars from these schools wrote the <a href="/wiki/English_public_school_football_games" title="English public school football games">first standard codes for football</a>. These inspired the development of <a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">modern codes of football</a>, many created by the descendants of emigrants who spread the concept of football around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-google4_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_showing_codes_of_conduct_development_to_modern_football">Table showing codes of conduct development to modern football</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Table showing codes of conduct development to modern football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="19">Celtic/Roman ball games (Antiquity) </td> <td rowspan="19">Mob football<sup id="cite_ref-fifa.com_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifa.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Medieval) </td> <td rowspan="19"><a href="/wiki/English_public_school_football_games" title="English public school football games">Public-school football</a> (Modern) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #8080FF;"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_rules" title="Cambridge rules">Cambridge rules</a> (1848–1863) </td> <td rowspan="10" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> (1863) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Football_7-a-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Football 7-a-side">7-a-side</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">Beach</a> (1992) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a> (1930) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #8080FF;"><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_rules" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield rules">Sheffield rules</a> (1857) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">Paralympic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #C080C0;"><a href="/wiki/Street_soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Street soccer">Street</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" style="background: #FF8080;"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby football</a> (1845) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6" style="background: #FF8080;"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> (1871) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #FF8080;"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a> (1883) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #FFC080;"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> (1895) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #FFC080;"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">Nines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #FFC080;"><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">Beach rugby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #FFC080;"><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(rugby_league)" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch football (rugby league)">Touch football</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #FFFF80;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> (1869) </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a> (1987) </td></tr> <tr style="background: #FFFF80;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> (1861) </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: #80FF80;"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic</a> (1887) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #dddd78;"><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules</a> (1967) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background: #80FFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules</a> (1859) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Ashbourne_game">The Ashbourne game</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Ashbourne game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg/220px-Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg/330px-Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg/440px-Ball_turned_up_Ash_Wednesday_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Ball being 'turned up' from the 'plinth' at Shawcroft car park located along the line of a culverted section of <a href="/wiki/Henmore_Brook" title="Henmore Brook">Henmore Brook</a> on Ash Wednesday 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>The game is played over two days on <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, starting each day at 2:00 pm and lasting until 10:00 pm. If the goal is scored (in local parlance, the ball is <i>goaled</i>) before 6pm<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new ball is released and play restarts from the town centre, otherwise play ends for the day. The ball is rarely kicked, though it is legal to kick, carry or throw it. Instead it generally moves through the town in a series of <i>hugs</i>, like a giant scrum in rugby, made up of dozens if not hundreds of people. When the ball is goaled, the scorer is carried on the shoulders of his colleagues into the courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Man,_Ashbourne" title="Green Man, Ashbourne">Green Man Royal Hotel</a> (this ceremony returned to its recognised spiritual home in 2014 after an absence in 2013 due to the closure of the hotel<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>The two teams that play the game are known as the Up'Ards and the Down'Ards (local dialect for "upwards and downwards"). The Up'Ards are traditionally those town members born north of <a href="/wiki/Henmore_Brook" title="Henmore Brook">Henmore Brook</a>, which runs through the town, and Down'Ards are those born south of the river. Each team attempts to carry the ball back to their own goal from the turn-up, rather than the more traditional method of scoring at/in the opponents goal. There are two goal posts 3 miles (4.8 km) apart, one at Sturston Mill (where the Up'Ards attempt to score), the other at <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Derbyshire" title="Clifton, Derbyshire">Clifton</a> Mill (where the Down'Ards score). Although the mills have long since been demolished, part of their millstones still stand on the bank of the river at each location and indeed themselves once served as the scoring posts. In 1996 the scoring posts were replaced once again by new smaller millstones mounted onto purpose-built stone structures, which are still in use to this day and require the players to actually be in the river in order to 'goal' a ball, as this was seen as more challenging.<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The actual process of 'goaling' a ball requires a player to hit it against the millstone three successive times. This is not a purely random event, however, as the eventual scorer is elected en route to the goal and would typically be someone who lives in Ashbourne or at least whose family is well known to the community. The chances of a 'tourist' goaling a ball are very remote, though they are welcome to join in the effort to reach the goal. When a ball is 'goaled' that particular game ends. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg/220px-Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg/330px-Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg/440px-Ashbourne_boarded_up_shops1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption> Shops on the approach to the Green Man & Black Head public house boarded up before the games commence.</figcaption></figure> <p>The game is played through the town with no limit on the number of players or the playing area (aside from those mentioned in the rules below). Thus shops in the town are boarded up during the game, and people are encouraged to park their cars away from the main streets. The game is started from a special plinth in the town centre where the ball is thrown to the players (or "turned-up" in the local parlance), often by a visiting dignitary. Before the ball is turned-up, the assembled crowd sing "<a href="/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne" title="Auld Lang Syne">Auld Lang Syne</a>" followed by "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>". The starting point has not changed in many years, although the town has changed around it; as a consequence, the starting podium is currently located in the town's main car park, which is named Shaw Croft, this being the ancient name of the field in which it stands.<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk1_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game has been known as "Royal" since 1928, when the then–Prince of Wales (later <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">King Edward VIII</a>) turned up the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk1_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prince suffered a bloody nose. The game received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> for a second time in 2003, when the game was once again started by the Prince of Wales, in this instance Prince Charles (later king <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk1_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this occasion, the prince threw the ball into play from a raised plinth. It is traditional for the dignitary of the day to be raised aloft near Compton Bridge, as the turner-up is escorted into the Shawcroft en route from the luncheon at the Leisure centre.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_goals">The goals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="clear: left; float:left;margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">Official players committee footage</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lamUNwU9v3A">Review of Shrovetide 2013</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3EhKJqkA8s">Tuesday Up'ard Goal Shrovetide 2012</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMIoT1ejUDg">Wednesday Down'ard Goal Shrovetide 2012</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg/200px-Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg/300px-Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg/400px-Up%27Ards_Goal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Up'Ards purpose-built goal at Sturston Mill, upstream from the plinth at Shawcroft</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg/200px-Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg/300px-Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg/400px-Down%27Ards_Goal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Down'Ards purpose-built goal at Clifton Mill, downstream from the plinth at Shawcroft</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Up'Ards' traditional goal was Sturston Mill in Sturston village east of Asbourne and the Down'Ards' goal was Clifton Mill in the village of Clifton west of Ashbourne. Clifton Mill was demolished in 1967. A stone obelisk with commemorative plaque marking the site was unveiled in 1968. This became the Down'Ards goal for the next 28 years. Sturston Mill was demolished in 1981. A timber post salvaged from the mill was erected on the site of the old mill to act as a goal for the Up'Ards.<sup id="cite_ref-europeana_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europeana-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flickr_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flickr-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose-built goals erected in 1996 on the banks of Henmore Brook are located 3 miles (4.8 km) apart. The Up'Ards goal is upstream from Shawcroft adjacent to the site of the former Sturston Mill and the Down'Ards goal is downstream from Shawcroft adjacent to the site of the former Clifton Mill. The ball is goaled when tapped three times against a millstone incorporated in the goals.<sup id="cite_ref-derbyshireuk_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyshireuk-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_ball">The ball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The ball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrovetide_Football.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shrovetide_Football.jpg/220px-Shrovetide_Football.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Shrovetide_Football.jpg/330px-Shrovetide_Football.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Shrovetide_Football.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>A Shrovetide football preserved in <a href="/wiki/Derby_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Derby Museum and Art Gallery">Derby Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> The game is played with a special ball, larger than a standard <a href="/wiki/Soccer_balls" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer balls">football</a>, which is filled with Portuguese cork to help the ball float when it ends up in the river. It is now hand-painted by local craftsmen specially for the occasion, and the design is usually related to the dignitary who will be turning-up the ball. Once a ball is goaled it is repainted with the name and in the design of the scorer and is theirs to keep. If a ball is not goaled it is repainted in the design of the dignitary that turned it up and given back to them to keep.<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the balls are put on display in the local <a href="/wiki/Pubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubs">pubs</a> during the game for the public to view; traditionally these pubs are divided by team (The Wheel Inn being a popular Down'Ard base, and the Old Vaults for the Up'ards, for example). </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_rules">The rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are very few rules in existence. The main ones are:<sup id="cite_ref-Shrovetide.net_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrovetide.net-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ashbournenewstelegraph1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbournenewstelegraph1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Committing <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a> is prohibited. Unnecessary violence is frowned upon.</li> <li>The ball may not be carried in a motorised vehicle.</li> <li>The ball may not be hidden in a bag, coat or rucksack, etc.</li> <li>Cemeteries, churchyards and the town memorial gardens are strictly out of bounds.</li> <li>Playing after 10 pm is forbidden.</li> <li>To score a goal the ball must be tapped three times in the area of the goal.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scores">Scores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scores"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2006: 1–1 Draw<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town.com_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town.com-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007: Up'ards win 1–0</li> <li>2008: Up'ards win 2–0</li> <li>2009: 1–1 Draw</li> <li>2010: Down'ards win 1–0<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011: 2–2 Draw<sup id="cite_ref-leekunited_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leekunited-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Draw<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: Draw</li> <li>2014: Up'ards win 2–0<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015: Up'ards win 1–0<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016: Draw 1–1<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: Up'ards win 1–0<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018: Draw 1–1<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: Down'ards win 1–0<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020: Draw 1 (Leighton) – 1 (Frith)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021: Cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19 pandemic</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022: Up'ards win 3–1 Day 1: 1st James Lyon (U) 2nd Nathan Harrison (D) Day 2: 3rd Mark Maznenko (U) 4th Ben Western (U)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023: Up'ards win 1–0<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2024: Up'ards win 2–0<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roll_of_Honour">Roll of Honour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Roll of Honour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1891 a "Roll of Honour" has been kept, documenting both the turner-up and scorer of each game played. It can be seen from the list that the event has only been cancelled three times during that time, once in 1968, again in 2001, both times due to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">Foot-and-mouth disease</a> and in 2021 due to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Covid-19</a>. Even during both World Wars the games were played; indeed, the Ashbourne Regiment even played a version of the game in the German <a href="/wiki/Trenches" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenches">trenches</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. </p><p>On 7 March 1916 the 1/6th Battalion of the Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby) Regiment played a game whilst stationed in the French village of <a href="/wiki/Ivergny" title="Ivergny">Ivergny</a>. The ball was presented by the Ashbourne Committee and the first goal was scored by Private Robinson of "C" Company. </p><p>A series of wooden display frames carrying the names that are updated yearly are displayed at the new Ashbourne Library on Compton. The boards were originally in the Green Man, but were removed from there after the hotel shut in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town.com_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town.com-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_dialect">Local dialect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Local dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are words and phrases used at the game, with a brief explanation of their meaning: </p> <dl><dt>Turner-up</dt> <dd>The person who starts that day's game.<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Turning up</dt> <dd>The act of throwing the ball from the "plinth" into the crowd of waiting players to start a game.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Hug</dt> <dd>The scrum-like formation that naturally forms as the Up'Ards and Down'Ards battle for the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-Shrovetide.net_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrovetide.net-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc2_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Break</dt> <dd>When the ball is released from the hug and play moves quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Runners</dt> <dd>Players that wait on the outside of the hug for the ball to break in order to collect the ball and cover as much ground as possible in the direction of their team's goal. There are selected runners for each team and they train regularly throughout the year, usually by running from goal to goal.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>River play</dt> <dd>As the name suggests, this is a reference to the sections of the game played in the river; as with runners there will be members of the team that specialise in river play. It is possible for the entire game to be played solely in the river.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Clifton</dt> <dd>The Down'ards goal location.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc3_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Sturston</dt> <dd>The Up'ards goal location.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc3_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Duck</dt> <dd>Local <a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquialism</a> used as a friendly greeting, for example "Do you know where the ball is, duck?" Comparable words from other regions would include "mate" or "pet'".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>The Green Man Royal Hotel</dt> <dd>Name of the <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotel</a> where the pre-game dinner was hosted and speeches given; the turner-up was carried from here on the shoulders of the players and over to the Shawcroft. This function and ceremony has now moved to the Leisure Centre due to the closure of the Green Man in 2012. For 2014, it has been agreed with the new owner that the goal confirmation ceremony will return to the Green Man courtyard.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gmrh_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gmrh-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Shrovie</dt> <dd>Slang for Shrovetide.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>"Down wi' it"</dt> <dd>Often shouted by many onlookers supporting the Up'ards or Down'ards, mainly women. To force the ball down in the centre of the "hug" thus slowing down the progress of the opposing team who are trying to throw the ball clear to their "runners" so they can make a "break" towards goal. This would typically happen when a team has won that day or the previous day and wish to force a draw in the game becoming overall winners that year.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Plinth</dt> <dd>From where the ball is "turned up" (thrown) to start a game.<sup id="cite_ref-Shrovetide.net_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shrovetide.net-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_anthem">The anthem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anthem is sung at a <a href="/wiki/Pre-game_ceremony" title="Pre-game ceremony">pre-game ceremony</a> in a local hotel. It was written in 1891 for a concert held to raise money to pay off the fines ordered for playing the game in the street.<sup id="cite_ref-ashbourne-town1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashbourne-town1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg/220px-Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg/330px-Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg/440px-Shrovetide_song_Ashbourne1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2576" /></a><figcaption>Original lyrics from 1891 mounted on the plinth.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>There's a town still plays this glorious game<br /> Tho' tis but a little spot.<br /> And year by year the contest's fought<br /> From the field that's called Shaw Croft.<br /> Then friend meets friend in friendly strife<br /> The leather for to gain,<br /> And they play the game right manfully,<br /> In snow, sunshine or rain.<br /> <br /> <b>Chorus</b><br /> <br /> 'Tis a glorious game, deny it who can<br /> That tries the pluck of an Englishman.<br /> <br /> For loyal the Game shall ever be<br /> No matter when or where,<br /> And treat that Game as ought but the free,<br /> Is more than the boldest dare.<br /> Though the ups and downs of its chequered life<br /> May the ball still ever roll,<br /> Until by fair and gallant strife<br /> We've reached the treasur'd goal.<br /> <br /> <b>Chorus</b><br /> <br /> 'Tis a glorious game, deny it who can<br /> That tries the pluck of an Englishman. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films_and_media">Films and media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Films and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The event is often attended by reporters and documentary makers from several European countries, along with those from the United States and Japan. Appearances on UK television include <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Peter" title="Blue Peter">Blue Peter</a></i>, where the presenters experienced the game for themselves, and gameshow <i><a href="/wiki/They_Think_It%27s_All_Over_(TV_series)" title="They Think It's All Over (TV series)">They Think It's All Over</a></i>, where it was featured as the "Unusual Sport" and later in the show some local Down'Ards appeared on the "Feel the Sportsman" round.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 2006 game was attended by a <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> film company acquiring footage for a documentary titled <i>Wild in the Streets</i>, produced and co-directed by Peter Baxter<sup id="cite_ref-npr_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a>. The film premiered at the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Slamdance_Film_Festival" title="Slamdance Film Festival">Slamdance Film Festival</a> in Park City, Utah, USA.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was released online and on-demand in the US in April 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a>, a Viking ball game.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a>, an early Irish ball game.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkwall Ba game">Kirkwall Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a>, a Norman ball game also played in Brittany and Cornwall.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval football</a> in Europe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxey_Hood" title="Haxey Hood">Haxey Hood</a>, a similar game from Lincolnshire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle-kicking" title="Bottle-kicking">Bottle-kicking</a>, a similar game played in Leicestershire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a>, a similar game played in Georgia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgefield_Ball_Game" title="Sedgefield Ball Game">Sedgefield Ball Game</a>, a similar game played in County Durham</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316061903/http://www.visitashbourne.co.uk/royal-shrovetide">"Ashbourne Royal Shrovetide Football"</a>. Visitashbourne.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitashbourne.co.uk/royal-shrovetide">the original</a> on 16 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitashbourne.co.uk/ashbourne-royal-shrovetide-football">the original</a> on 16 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ashbourne+Royal+Shrovetide+Football&rft.pub=Visitashbourne.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitashbourne.co.uk%2Fashbourne-royal-shrovetide-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044016/http://mediafiles.thedms.co.uk/Publication/DS/cms/pdf/Trail_25.pdf">"Ashbourne Trail No. 25 Shrovetide Football – a Right Royal Game"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+dialects+in+Derbyshire+and+the+Peak+District+National+Park&rft.pub=Derbyshireuk.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derbyshireuk.net%2Fdialects.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mykp.co.uk/my-thoughts/learn-lancastrian-accent/">"Learn Lancastrian / Lancashire accent"</a>. <i>mykp.co.uk</i>. 21 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mykp.co.uk&rft.atitle=Learn+Lancastrian+%2F+Lancashire+accent&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mykp.co.uk%2Fmy-thoughts%2Flearn-lancastrian-accent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617042700/http://hindleygreenra.com/localdialect.htm">"Local Dialect"</a>. Hindley Green Residents Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindleygreenra.com/localdialect.htm">the original</a> on 17 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Dialect&rft.pub=Hindley+Green+Residents+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhindleygreenra.com%2Flocaldialect.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Anthem2009" class="citation web cs1">The Anthem (31 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/content/articles/2006/02/21/ashbourne_shrovetide_football_anthem_feature.shtml">"Derby – Places – The Anthem"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derby+%E2%80%93+Places+%E2%80%93+The+Anthem&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft.au=The+Anthem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fderby%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2006%2F02%2F21%2Fashbourne_shrovetide_football_anthem_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlefield2013" class="citation web cs1">Littlefield, Bill (27 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlyagame.wbur.org/2013/04/27/wild-in-the-streets">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Wild in the Streets" Documents A Historic (And Unusual) Competition"</a>. <i>Only A Game</i>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Only+A+Game&rft.atitle=%22Wild+in+the+Streets%22+Documents+A+Historic+%28And+Unusual%29+Competition&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlyagame.wbur.org%2F2013%2F04%2F27%2Fwild-in-the-streets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildinthestreetsmovie.com/ip/">"Wild in the Streets"</a>. Wildinthestreetsmovie.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wild+in+the+Streets&rft.pub=Wildinthestreetsmovie.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildinthestreetsmovie.com%2Fip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Shrovetide+Football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Shrovetide_Football&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lamUNwU9v3A">Review of Shrovetide 2013– Footage captured for the official players committee.</a> Recorded and viewable in 1080p HD.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3EhKJqkA8s">Tuesday Up'ard Goal Shrovetide 2012– Footage captured for the official players committee.</a> Recorded and viewable in 1080p HD.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMIoT1ejUDg">Wednesday Down'ard Goal Shrovetide 2012– Footage captured for the official players committee.</a> Recorded and viewable in 1080p HD.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzpNPfB3pnU&hd=1">Video of Tuesdays 2012 game in four parts.</a> Recorded and viewable in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">1080p HD</a> Quality.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUPwnn49fNs">Video of Tuesdays 2010 game in two parts.</a> Recorded and viewable in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">HD</a> Quality.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=113067586363271836861.00047f9260ea8ac3d3982&ll=53.016971,-1.73143&spn=0.002259,0.004801&t=h&z=18">Interactive Map of the playing area with ball parade route, goal locations etc</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldfishbowl.moonfruit.com/#/ashbourne-shrovetide-football/4545108005">Ashbourne Shrovetide pictures by Warren Elkes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shrovetide.net">Shrovetide.net Guide to Ashbourne Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/content/image_galleries/shrovetide_2008_gallery.shtml">Photos of the 2008 game from BBC Derby</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/content/articles/2007/02/28/ashbourne_shrovetide_oakley_video_feature.shtml">Videos from BBC Derby: "An Introduction to Shrovetide Football" and "Shrovetide Football – Game on!"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2008/february/ashbournefootball/map.htm">Interactive Map of the playing area with goal locations etc</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKDjFEtLV88">Video of Tuesdays 2009 game showing the build up to the start, the ball procession, the turning up and much actual game play.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhIGPrQe-jg">Video of Tuesdays 2007 game showing the build up to the start, the ball procession, the turning up and much actual game play.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2008/february/ashbournefootball">Photographs from the 2008 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2007/february/ashbournefootball">Photographs from the 2007 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2006/february/ashbournefootball">Photographs from the 2006 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2005/february/ashbournefootball/index.htm">Photographs from the 2005 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/events/2004/ashbournefootball/index.htm">Photographs from the 2004 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyphotos.co.uk/special/shrovetide_foot.htm">Photographs from the 2002 game on DerbyPhotos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2821879.stm">Prince starts 'maddest' game</a> BBC news story, (5 March 2003)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesclark.com/rrr/wild_in_the_streets.html">Wild In The Streets</a> USA Sports Illustrated article, (18 March 2002)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doctordanger.com/other/OtherEventMidFootball1.htm">Doctor Danger review of Shrovetide Football</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/results.php?search=ashbourne+football">British Pathe Film Archive</a> Footage of games dating between the 1920s to 1960's.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashbournenewstelegraph.co.uk/Shrovetide">Ashbourne News Telegraph Micro Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashbourne-town.com/events/roll.htm">Copy of the Roll of Honour up to 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517145135/http://www.ashbourne-town.com/events/roll.htm">Archived</a> 17 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0828135/"><i>Wild In The Streets</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildinthestreetsmovie.com/">Wild In The Streets Official Movie Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> Player 9 required</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyshireuk.net/dcustom4.html">Derbyshire customs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110123402/http://www.derbyshireuk.net/dcustom4.html">Archived</a> 10 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashbourne-shrovetide-football.com/">Ashbourne Shrovetide Football T-Shirts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131181314/http://www.ashbourne-shrovetide-football.com/">Archived</a> 31 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Team_sports" title="Template:Team sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports" title="Template talk:Team sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Team_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Team sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Team_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople" title="Lists of sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_football" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_football" title="Template:Association football"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_football" title="Template talk:Association football"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_football" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association football"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern code</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_association_football" title="History of association football">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_association_football" title="Timeline of association football">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">First league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Scotland_v_England_football_match" title="1872 Scotland v England football match">First international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_clubs" title="Oldest football clubs">Oldest clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_competitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldest football competitions">Oldest competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_ban_football_games" title="Attempts to ban football games">Attempts to ban the sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancestors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio Fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_public_school_football_games" title="English public school football games">English school games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkyros" title="Episkyros">Episkyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn Grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_division_football" title="Old division football">Old Division</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and Downies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_(soccer_ball).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/70px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/105px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg/140px-Football_%28soccer_ball%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)" title="Laws of the Game (association football)">Current</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Away_goals_rule" title="Away goals rule">Away goals rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(association_football)" title="Ball (association football)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_in_and_out_of_play" title="Ball in and out of play">Ball in/out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_kick" title="Corner kick">Corner kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods" title="Association football">Duration of the match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_pitch" title="Football pitch">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouls_and_Misconduct_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouls and Misconduct (association football)">Fouls and misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_kick" title="Free kick">Free kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_kick" title="Goal kick">Goal kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_difference" title="Goal difference">Goal difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offside_(association_football)" title="Offside (association football)">Offside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">Penalty kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)" title="Penalty shoot-out (association football)">Penalty shoot-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football#Players,_equipment,_and_officials" title="Association football">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referee_(association_football)" title="Referee (association football)">Referee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_referee_(association_football)" title="Assistant referee (association football)">Assistants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_in_association_football" title="Scoring in association football">Scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Start_and_Restart_of_Play_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Start and Restart of Play (association football)">Start and restart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw-in" title="Throw-in">Throw-in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Rules" title="Sheffield Rules">Sheffield rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_rules" title="Cambridge rules">Cambridge rules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Football_Association_Board" title="International Football Association Board">IFAB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(association_football)" title="Ball (association football)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_boot" title="Football boot">Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Kit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Away_colours" title="Away colours">Away colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_jersey" title="Third jersey">Third jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwback_uniform" title="Throwback uniform">Throwback uniform</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants of <br />the game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">Amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="College association football">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_soccer" title="Crab soccer">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-a-side_football" title="Five-a-side football">Five-a-side</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepie_uppie" title="Keepie uppie">Keepie uppie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hacky_sack" title="Hacky sack">Footbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic association football">Paralympic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">Powerchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorkyball" title="Jorkyball">Jorkyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_goalie" title="Rush goalie">Rush goalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-a-side_football" title="Seven-a-side football">Seven-a-side</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sevens_(variation_of_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevens (variation of football)">Sevens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_football" title="Swamp football">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-sided_football" title="Three-sided football">Three-sided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3v3_Soccer" title="3v3 Soccer">3v3 Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_football" title="Walking football">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football_positions" title="Association football positions">Positions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)" title="Goalkeeper (association football)">Goalkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_(association_football)" title="Defender (association football)">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">Midfielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_(association_football)" title="Formation (association football)">Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Association football tactics">Tactics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_kick" title="Bicycle kick">Bicycle kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curl_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curl (football)">Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutmeg (football)">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabona" title="Rabona">Rabona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_over" title="Step over">Step over</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_association_football_terms" title="Glossary of association football terms">Terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-football" title="Anti-football">Anti-football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenaccio" title="Catenaccio">Catenaccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki-taka" title="Tiki-taka">Tiki-taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Total football">Total football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_mista" title="Zona mista">Zona mista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equaliser_(sports)" title="Equaliser (sports)">Equaliser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorabilia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_card" title="Association football card">Trading cards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supporters%27_group" title="Supporters' group">Organised supporters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barra_brava" title="Barra brava">Barra brava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curva_(stadia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curva (stadia)">Curva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_hooliganism" title="Football hooliganism">Hooliganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcida_organizada" title="Torcida organizada">Torcida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_chant" title="Football chant">Chant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_futsal" title="Comparison of association football and futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of association football and rugby union">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_association_football" title="Geography of association football">Main associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">North & Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONMEBOL" title="CONMEBOL">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Olympic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Football at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_competitions" title="List of association football competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_families" title="List of association football families">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_men%27s_association_football_players" title="Lists of men's association football players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_footballers_with_500_or_more_goals" title="List of footballers with 500 or more goals">Top scorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_association_football_clubs" title="Lists of association football clubs">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_men%27s_national_association_football_teams" title="List of men's national association football teams">National teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women's association football">Women's</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_competitions_in_women%27s_association_football" title="International competitions in women's association football">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_families" title="List of association football families">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_women%27s_association_football_players" title="Lists of women's association football players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_footballers_with_100_or_more_international_goals" title="List of women's footballers with 100 or more international goals">Top scorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_association_football_clubs" title="List of women's association football clubs">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_national_association_football_teams" title="List of women's national association football teams">National teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_man_(football)" title="12th man (football)">12th man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_films" title="List of association football films">Association football films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beautiful Game">Beautiful Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(association_football)" title="Captain (association football)">Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse_in_football" title="Child abuse in football">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_culture" title="Association football culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity_and_association_football" title="Ethnicity and association football">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">Football club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_association_football" title="Geography of association football">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_association_football" title="Homosexuality in association football">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Football_History_%26_Statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Football History & Statistics">IFFHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_for_association_football" title="Names for association football">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_and_politics" title="Association football and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professionalism_in_association_football" title="Professionalism in association football">Professionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_association_football" title="Racism in association football">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_numbers_in_association_football" title="List of retired numbers in association football">Retired numbers (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_rivalries" title="List of association football rivalries">Rivalries (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSSSF" title="RSSSF">RSSSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_association_football" title="Smoking in association football">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad_number_(association_football)" title="Squad number (association football)">Squad number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_stadiums_by_country" title="List of association football stadiums by country">Stadiums (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(sport_badge)" title="Star (sport badge)">Stars on badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(association_football)" title="Transfer (association football)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_XI" title="World XI">World XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Association_football" title="Category:Association football">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" 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