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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名称</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>成分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-月球和火星的玄武岩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#月球和火星的玄武岩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>月球和火星的玄武岩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-月球和火星的玄武岩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">玄武岩</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。91种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%AA" title="بازلت – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بازلت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basaltu" title="Basaltu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Basaltu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="بازالت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بازالت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalts" title="Bazalts – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bazalts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Базалт – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Базалт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बेसाल्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बेसाल्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আগ্নেয়গিরিজাত শিলা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আগ্নেয়গিরিজাত শিলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cedi%C4%8D" title="Čedič – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čedič" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Βασάλτης – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασάλτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalto" title="Bazalto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bazalto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="بازالت – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازالت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basaltti" title="Basaltti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Basaltti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalte" title="Basalte – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basalte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="בזלת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בזלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बेसाल्ट – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेसाल्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BF" title="Բազալտ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազալտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal" title="Basal – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalto" title="Bazalto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bazalto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="玄武岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბაზალტი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაზალტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EB%AC%B4%EC%95%94" title="현무암 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="현무암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basaltes" title="Basaltes – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basaltes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazaltas" title="Bazaltas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bazaltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalts" title="Bazalts – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bazalts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalta" title="Bazalta – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bazalta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Базалт – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Базалт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ബസാൾട് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബസാൾട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="असिताश्म – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="असिताश्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बसाल्ट – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बसाल्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt_(gesteente)" title="Basalt (gesteente) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Basalt (gesteente)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F" title="ਬਸਾਲਟ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਸਾਲਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basaltu" title="Basaltu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Basaltu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalti" title="Bazalti – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bazalti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Базалт – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Базалт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Basalt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumawesi" title="Gumawesi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gumawesi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Базалт – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Базалт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="หินบะซอลต์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หินบะซอลต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalto" title="Basalto – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Basalto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Базальт – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Базальт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bazalt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazan" title="Bazan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bazan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玄武岩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%A2n-b%C3%BA-g%C3%A2m" title="Hiân-bú-gâm – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hiân-bú-gâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="玄武岩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43338#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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class="infobox-title">玄武岩</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BasaltUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg/220px-BasaltUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg/330px-BasaltUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/BasaltUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="261" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">一塊玄武岩地質樣本</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">成分</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">主要</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81%E9%93%81%E8%B4%A8" title="镁铁质">鎂鐵質</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="斜长石">斜長石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%97%AA%E7%9F%B3" title="角闪石">角閃石</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="輝石">輝石</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">次要</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">有時候含有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BC%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="似长石">似長石</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">橄欖石</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg/220px-Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg/330px-Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg/440px-Columnar_basalt_at_Sheepeater_Cliff_in_Yellowstone-closeup-750px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="黃石國家公園">黃石國家公園</a>中，被风化的玄武岩柱状，成六角柱狀</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg/220px-Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg/330px-Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg/440px-Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="北愛爾蘭">北愛爾蘭</a>的著名景觀<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%A0%A4%E9%81%93" title="巨人堤道">巨人堤道</a>就是由暗色玄武岩組成的</figcaption></figure> <p><b>玄武岩</b>（英語：<span lang="en">basalt</span>）是一種细粒致密、外觀呈黑色的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>約為2.8～3.3g/cm<sup>3</sup>，由<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%95%81%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="铁镁质">基性岩漿</a>噴發凝結而成，主要成分是硅铝酸钠或硅铝酸钙，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">二氧化硅</a>的含量大约是45-52%，还含有较高的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81" title="氧化铁">氧化铁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氧化镁">氧化镁</a>。由于喷发时产生大量气孔，有时是大孔如杏仁状构造，后来中间常被其他矿物充填。玄武岩<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86" class="mw-redirect" title="岩浆">岩浆</a>的黏度小，易于流动，形成很大的覆盖层，常形成广大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0" title="熔岩台地">熔岩台地</a>，所以分布很广。 </p><p>玄武岩根据其成分不同可以分为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%96%91%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉斑玄武岩（页面不存在）">拉斑玄武岩</a>( 又稱<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E9%B9%BC%E6%80%A7%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞鹼性玄武岩（页面不存在）">亞鹼性玄武岩</a> )、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="碱性玄武岩">碱性玄武岩</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E9%93%9D%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高铝玄武岩（页面不存在）">高铝玄武岩</a>；按其结构不同可分为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%AD%94%E7%8A%B6%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气孔状玄武岩（页面不存在）">气孔状玄武岩</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8F%E4%BB%81%E7%8A%B6%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杏仁状玄武岩（页面不存在）">杏仁状玄武岩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玄武玻璃">玄武玻璃</a>；按其充填矿物不同可分为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="橄榄玄武岩（页面不存在）">橄榄玄武岩</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%AB%E8%8B%8F%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紫苏辉石玄武岩（页面不存在）">紫苏辉石玄武岩</a>等。 </p><p>没有被风化的玄武岩是黑色或暗绿色的致密岩石，由于其凝结后产生六方晶体节理，被风化后形成六方柱状，风化厉害可以形成黄褐色的玄武土，如果进一步被雨水淋滤，除去<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">二氧化硅</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D%E5%9C%9F%E7%9F%BF" title="铝土矿">铝土矿</a>。有的玄武岩气孔中还充填有<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">钴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="硫磺">硫磺</a>等矿物。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"></span>名称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>英語名<span lang="en">basalt</span>，一说源自希腊语<span lang="el">basanos</span>，意为<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A6%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="試金石">試金石</a>。另一说，此名称源自富藏玄武岩的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a>东部地名<span lang="en">Bashan</span>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>中，<span lang="la"><i>Basaltes</i></span>意为『黑石』。 </p><p>玄武岩的中文名称翻译可能得名于<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BA%93%E5%8E%BF" title="兵库县">兵库县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B4%8E%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89" title="城崎溫泉">城崎温泉</a>附近的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玄武洞" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="玄武洞"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B4%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武洞（页面不存在）">玄武洞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E6%B4%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:玄武洞"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">玄武洞</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%97%A4%E6%96%87%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%8E" title="小藤文次郎">小藤文次郎</a>于1884年（<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a>十七年）命名。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>玄武洞在大約165万年前经历岩流，产生<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="六角形">六角形</a>的玄武岩岩山<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%AA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="洞窟">洞窟</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6" title="玄武">玄武</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="中国神话">中国神話</a>四方神之一，代表北方和黑色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成分"><span id=".E6.88.90.E5.88.86"></span>成分</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：成分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>主要是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="二氧化矽">二氧化矽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="三氧化二铝">三氧化二鋁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化鐵">氧化鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A3" title="氧化鈣">氧化鈣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氧化镁">氧化鎂</a>（還有少量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%89%80" title="氧化鉀">氧化鉀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氧化钠">氧化鈉</a>），其中二氧化矽含量最多，约占45%~52%左右。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="月球和火星的玄武岩"><span id=".E6.9C.88.E7.90.83.E5.92.8C.E7.81.AB.E6.98.9F.E7.9A.84.E7.8E.84.E6.AD.A6.E5.B2.A9"></span>月球和火星的玄武岩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：月球和火星的玄武岩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/220px-Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/330px-Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg/440px-Lunar_Olivine_Basalt_15555_from_Apollo_15_in_National_Museum_of_Natural_History.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3494" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8515%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波羅15號">阿波羅15號</a> 採集的月球<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">橄欖石</a>玄武岩。</figcaption></figure> <p>在地球上可見，被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B5%B7" title="月海">月海</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>黑暗區域，是被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B5%81%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="洪流玄武岩">洪流玄武岩</a>熔岩流覆蓋的平原。這些岩石由美國載人登月的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波羅計劃">阿波羅計劃</a>和俄羅斯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="月球计划">月球計劃</a>機械人取得標本；並且也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="月球隕石">月球隕石</a>中的代表。 </p><p>月球的玄武岩與地球的玄武岩不同，主要是鐵含量高，氧化鐵的重量通常從17%至22%不等。它們還擁有濃度範圍廣泛的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鈦">鈦</a>（存在於<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" title="钛铁矿">鈦鐵礦</a>中的礦物）<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20151228_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20151228-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A6" title="二氧化鈦">二氧化鈦</a>（TiO<sub>2</sub>）的重量範圍從1%至13%。傳統上，月球的玄武岩根據其所含的二氧化鈦重量分類為高鈦、低鈦和極低鈦。然而，從<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E9%96%80%E6%B1%80%E8%99%9F#任務" title="克萊門汀號">克萊門汀任務</a>獲得的全球地質圖表明，月海的鈦濃度是連續的，而最高濃度的量是最貧乏的<sup id="cite_ref-GiguereEtAl2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GiguereEtAl2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>月球的玄武岩表現出奇異的紋理和礦物學，特別是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衝擊變質" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shock metamorphism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9D%E6%93%8A%E8%AE%8A%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衝擊變質（页面不存在）">衝擊變質</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shock_metamorphism" class="extiw" title="en:shock metamorphism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shock metamorphism</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，缺乏典型陸相玄武岩的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应">氧化</a>，和完全欠缺<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="水化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mineral hydration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="水化">水化</a></span></span>。大部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" title="月球地質">月球</a>的玄武岩大約在30億至35億年前爆發。但最古老的樣本有42億年的歷史，而根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E5%9D%91%E8%A8%88%E6%95%B8" title="撞擊坑計數">撞擊坑計數</a>的年齡年代測定法估算，最年輕的熔岩流在12億年前才爆發過。 </p><p>從<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="火星隕石">火星隕石</a>和測量火星表面傳送回來的資料顯示，玄武岩也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>表面很普通的岩石<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>玄武岩應用在建設（例如做為建築物的基石或地基）與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F" title="塑像">雕像</a>。 </p><p>加熱和擠壓玄武岩可以生產<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%A3%89" title="岩棉">岩棉</a>，是一種良好的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%BB%9D%E7%BC%98" title="热绝缘">隔熱材料</a>。玄武岩熔化后黏度小，凝结后坚硬緻密，所以可以做和製作<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="鵝卵石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="鵝卵石"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B5%9D%E5%8D%B5%E7%9F%B3" title="鵝卵石">鵝卵石</a></span></span>和铸石（來自柱狀玄武岩）的原料。 </p><p>玄武岩的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%8D%95%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%8E%E5%B0%81%E5%AD%98" title="碳捕集与封存">碳封存</a>，即從大氣中除去人類工業化產生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>，已經被做為研究中的一種手段。散佈在全球海洋中，在水下的玄武岩礦床的額外好處是，水成為阻絕二氧化碳重新釋放至大氣中的遮蔽物<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="澎湖玄武岩自然保留區">澎湖玄武岩自然保留區</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span 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P. Analysis of Surface Materials by the Curiosity Mars Rover. Science. 26 September 2013, <b>341</b> (6153): 1475. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Sci...341.1475G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1475G</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072916"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 24072916</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1244258"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1244258</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Surface+Materials+by+the+Curiosity+Mars+Rover&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.aulast=Grotzinger&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6153&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1475&rft.volume=341&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Sci...341.1475G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1244258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24072916&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hance, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0104-hance_ccs.html">Underwater rocks could be used for massive carbon storage on America’s East Coast</a>. Mongabay. 5 January 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403184114/http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0104-hance_ccs.html">存档</a>于2015-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9&rft.atitle=Underwater+rocks+could+be+used+for+massive+carbon+storage+on+America%E2%80%99s+East+Coast&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Hance&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mongabay.com%2F2010%2F0104-hance_ccs.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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#fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9F%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9" title="超基性岩">超基性岩</a><br />< 45% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81%E9%93%81%E8%B4%A8" title="镁铁质">基性岩</a><br />< 45-52% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9" title="中性岩">中性岩</a><br />52–63% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9" title="中性岩">中性岩</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%8B%B1%E8%B4%A8" title="长英质">长英质</a><br />63–69% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%8B%B1%E8%B4%A8" title="长英质">长英质</a><br />>69 % <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E5%87%BA%E5%B2%A9" title="喷出岩">火山岩</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E5%87%BA%E5%B2%A9" title="喷出岩">喷出岩</a>):</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%85%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="浅成岩">浅成岩</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="深成岩">深成岩</a>:</b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B2%A9" title="科马提岩">科马提岩</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E6%A6%84%E5%B2%A9" title="苦榄岩">苦榄岩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%B2%A9" title="慶伯利岩">金伯利岩</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80%E9%8E%82%E7%85%8C%E6%96%91%E5%B2%A9" title="鉀鎂煌斑岩">钾镁煌斑岩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E5%B2%A9" title="橄欖岩">橄欖岩</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">玄武岩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%BB%BF%E5%B2%A9" title="辉绿岩">辉绿岩</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E7%BB%BF%E5%B2%A9" title="辉绿岩">粗玄岩</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="輝長岩">輝長岩</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="安山岩">安山岩</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="閃長岩">閃長岩</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="英安岩">英安岩</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B4%97%E9%96%83%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="花崗閃長岩">花崗閃長岩</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩">流纹岩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E6%99%B6%E5%B2%A9" title="細晶岩">細晶岩</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E6%99%B6%E5%B2%A9" title="偉晶岩">偉晶岩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B4%97%E5%B2%A9" title="花崗岩">花崗岩</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="火山" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Template:火山"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Template talk:火山"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:火山"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="火山" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山种类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="破火山口">破火山口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A3%E9%8C%90" title="火山渣錐">火山渣錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="混合火山">混合火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E7%BC%9D%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%8F%A3" title="裂缝喷发口">裂缝喷发口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熔岩锥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lava cone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9%E9%94%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔岩锥（页面不存在）">熔岩锥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cone" class="extiw" title="en:Lava cone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lava cone</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A9%B9%E4%B8%98" title="火山穹丘">火山穹丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B9%B3%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="低平火山口">低平火山口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="泥火山">泥火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" class="mw-redirect" title="寄生火山錐">寄生火山錐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火山碎屑锥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyroclastic cone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E9%94%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山碎屑锥（页面不存在）">火山碎屑锥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone" class="extiw" title="en:Pyroclastic cone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyroclastic cone</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山碎屑盾狀火山">火山碎屑盾狀火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%BE%E7%8B%80%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="盾狀火山">盾狀火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%BD%AE%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="外轮山火山">外轮山火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="複式火山">複式火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰下火山">冰下火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="海底火山">海底火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="超级火山">超级火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" title="火山錐">火山錐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%B4" title="火山場">火山場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/90px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/135px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/180px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山岩</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E5%87%BA%E5%B2%A9" title="喷出岩">喷出岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%A1%8A%E5%B2%A9" title="集塊岩">集塊岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="安山岩">安山岩</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">玄武岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武安山岩">玄武安山岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%AA%E9%95%B7%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%B2%A9" title="歪長粗面岩">歪长粗面岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E6%96%91%E5%B2%A9" title="沸斑岩">沸斑岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="英安岩">英安岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8F%E7%BB%86%E5%B2%A9" title="霏细岩">霏细岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B2%A9" title="科马提岩">科马提岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%B2%97%E5%B2%A9" title="安粗岩">安粗岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9E%E7%9F%B3%E5%B2%A9" title="霞石岩">霞石岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9B%9C%E5%B2%A9" title="黑曜岩">黑曜岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%8D%E5%B2%A9" title="响岩">响岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%BA%B9%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%A9" title="流纹英安岩">流纹英安岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩">流紋岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%B2%A9" title="粗面岩">粗面岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="粗面安山岩">粗面安山岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="粗面玄武岩">粗面玄武岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9" title="凝灰岩">凝灰岩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%89%B2%E5%B2%A9" title="暗色岩">暗色岩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火山群列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火山列表">火山列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%BB%9E_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8)" title="熱點 (地質學)">熱點 (地質學)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="十年火山">十年火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%BC%A7" title="火山弧">火山弧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%B6" title="火山帶">火山帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%B4" title="火山場">火山场</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一元火山场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="monogenetic volcanic field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一元火山场（页面不存在）">一元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/monogenetic_volcanic_field" class="extiw" title="en:monogenetic volcanic field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">monogenetic volcanic field</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多元火山场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="polygenetic volcanic field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多元火山场（页面不存在）">多元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polygenetic_volcanic_field" class="extiw" title="en:polygenetic volcanic field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">polygenetic volcanic field</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Category:火山">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山">主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanoes">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="WikiProject:火山">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Basalte"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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