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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Earliest Prime Ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earliest_Prime_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1768–1806" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1768–1806"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>1768–1806</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1768–1806-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1768–1806 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1768–1806-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Bahadur_Shah_and_rise_of_Damodar_Pande_(1794–1804)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Bahadur_Shah_and_rise_of_Damodar_Pande_(1794–1804)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fall of Bahadur Shah and rise of Damodar Pande (1794–1804)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Bahadur_Shah_and_rise_of_Damodar_Pande_(1794–1804)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Damodar_Pande_and_rise_of_Bhimsen_Thapa_(1804)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Damodar_Pande_and_rise_of_Bhimsen_Thapa_(1804)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fall of Damodar Pande and rise of Bhimsen Thapa (1804)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Damodar_Pande_and_rise_of_Bhimsen_Thapa_(1804)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thapadom_and_subsequent_transition;_1806–1846" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thapadom_and_subsequent_transition;_1806–1846"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Thapadom and subsequent transition; 1806–1846</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thapadom_and_subsequent_transition;_1806–1846-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rana_regime;_1846–1951" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rana_regime;_1846–1951"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rana regime; 1846–1951</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rana_regime;_1846–1951-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_rule_and_subsequent_Panchayat_rule;_1951–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_rule_and_subsequent_Panchayat_rule;_1951–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Democratic rule and subsequent Panchayat rule; 1951–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_rule_and_subsequent_Panchayat_rule;_1951–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_monarchy;_1990–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_monarchy;_1990–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Constitutional monarchy; 1990–2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_monarchy;_1990–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic;_2008–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Democratic_Republic;_2008–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Federal Democratic Republic; 2008–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Democratic_Republic;_2008–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Appointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of Nepal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="নেপালের প্রধানমন্ত্রী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেপালের প্রধানমন্ত্রী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Ministre_del_Nepal" title="Primer Ministre del Nepal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primer Ministre del Nepal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepals_premierministre" title="Nepals premierministre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nepals premierministre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%8C%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="네팔의 총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네팔의 총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="नेपाल के प्रधानमन्त्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेपाल के प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Nepal" title="Perdana Menteri Nepal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdana Menteri Nepal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primi_ministri_del_Nepal" title="Primi ministri del Nepal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Primi ministri del Nepal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C" title="ראש ממשלת נפאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש ממשלת נפאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नेपाळचे पंतप्रधान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेपाळचे पंतप्रधान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Nepal" title="Perdana Menteri Nepal – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdana Menteri Nepal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="नेपालस्य प्रधानमन्त्री – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नेपालस्य प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prime Minister of Nepal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="وزیر اعظم نیپال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وزیر اعظم نیپال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="尼泊尔总理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼泊尔总理" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of government of Nepal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For list of prime ministers, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal">List of prime ministers of Nepal</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;">नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Nepal_(alternative).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/225px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/300px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="475" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Nepal" title="Emblem of Nepal">Emblem of Nepal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/100px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/200px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" title="Flag of Nepal">Flag of Nepal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_(28_September_2024).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_%2828_September_2024%29.png/220px-KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_%2828_September_2024%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_%2828_September_2024%29.png/330px-KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_%2828_September_2024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/KP_Sharma_Oli_in_New_York_%2828_September_2024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">K. P. Sharma Oli</a><br /></div>since 15 July 2024<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">PM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Nepal" title="Council of Ministers of Nepal">Council of Ministers of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pratinidhi_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratinidhi Sabha">Pratinidhi Sabha</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pratinidhi_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratinidhi Sabha">Pratinidhi Sabha</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baluwatar,_Kathmandu" title="Baluwatar, Kathmandu">Baluwatar, Kathmandu</a><sup id="cite_ref-himalayandeuba_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himalayandeuba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singha_Durbar" title="Singha Durbar">Singha Durbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President of Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Five years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1806<span class="noprint">; 218 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1806</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal">Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opmcm.gov.np">www<wbr />.opmcm<wbr />.gov<wbr />.np</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Politics of Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Nepal_(alternative).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="475" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal"><span style="color:#FFF;">Constitution</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_and_Duties_in_Nepal" title="Fundamental Rights and Duties in Nepal">Fundamental Rights and Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nepal" title="Human rights in Nepal">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nepal">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal"><span style="color:#FFF;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nepal" title="Vice President of Nepal">Vice President</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Ram_Sahaya_Yadav" title="Ram Sahaya Yadav">Ram Sahaya Yadav</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Executive:</b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal">list</a>)</span>: <b><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">KP Sharma Oli</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Nepal" title="Council of Ministers of Nepal">Council of Ministers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Oli_cabinet" title="Fourth Oli cabinet">Oli IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_(Nepal)" title="Public Service Commission (Nepal)">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_Nepal" title="Chief Secretary of Nepal">Cabinet Secretary</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_parliament_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal parliament of Nepal">Federal Parliament</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">House of Representatives</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg/50px-Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg/75px-Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg/100px-Svgfiles_2024-05-06-14-54-55-266959-14011746942458791892.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Speaker: <a href="/wiki/Dev_Raj_Ghimire" title="Dev Raj Ghimire">Dev Raj Ghimire</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">Deputy Speaker: <a href="/wiki/Indira_Ranamagar" title="Indira Ranamagar">Indira Ranamagar</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">House Leader: <a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">KP Sharma Oli</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">Opposition Leader: <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">National Assembly</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg/50px-Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg/75px-Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg/100px-Nepal_NationalAssembly_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Prasad_Timilsina" title="Ganesh Prasad Timilsina">Ganesh Prasad Timilsina</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">House Leader: <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Sitaula" title="Krishna Prasad Sitaula">Krishna Prasad Sitaula</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap">Opposition Leader: <a href="/wiki/Narayan_Kaji_Shrestha" title="Narayan Kaji Shrestha">Narayan Kaji Shrestha</a></span></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Judiciary:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nepal" title="Supreme Court of Nepal">Supreme Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Nepal" title="Chief Justice of Nepal">Chief Justice of Nepal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bishowambhar_Prasad_Shrestha" title="Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha">Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Nepal" title="District Courts of Nepal">District Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Election Commission of Nepal">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal" title="List of political parties in Nepal">Political parties</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2015_Nepalese_presidential_election" title="2015 Nepalese presidential election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nepalese_presidential_election" title="2018 Nepalese presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nepalese_presidential_election" title="2023 Nepalese presidential election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2017_Nepalese_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Nepalese legislative election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nepalese_general_election" title="2022 Nepalese general election">2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Nepalese_general_election" title="Next Nepalese general election"><i>next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Provincial: <a href="/wiki/2017_Nepalese_provincial_elections" title="2017 Nepalese provincial elections">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nepalese_provincial_elections" title="2022 Nepalese provincial elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2017_Nepalese_local_elections" title="2017 Nepalese local elections">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nepalese_local_elections" title="2022 Nepalese local elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Nepal" title="Federalism in Nepal"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nepal" title="Administrative divisions of Nepal">Administrative divisions</a> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Nepal" title="Provinces of Nepal">Provinces</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Provincial_governments_of_Nepal" title="Provincial governments of Nepal">Provincial governments</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradesh Sabha">Provincial Assemblies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Governor_(Nepal)" title="Governor (Nepal)">Governors</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(Nepal)" title="Chief minister (Nepal)">Chief Ministers</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_self-government_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Local self-government in Nepal">Local governments</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Nepal" title="List of districts of Nepal">Districts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nepal" title="Municipalities of Nepal">Municipalities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gaunpalika" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaunpalika">Rural Municipalities</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nepal" title="Foreign relations of Nepal"><span style="color:#FFF;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nepal)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nepal)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nepal)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arzu_Rana_Deuba" title="Arzu Rana Deuba">Arzu Rana Deuba</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Nepal" title="List of diplomatic missions of Nepal">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Nepal" title="List of diplomatic missions in Nepal">in Nepal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_passport" title="Nepalese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Nepalese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Nepalese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Nepal" title="Visa policy of Nepal">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Related topics</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_democracy_movement" title="Nepalese democracy movement">Democracy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Nepal" title="Template:Politics of Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Nepal" title="Template talk:Politics of Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>prime minister of Nepal</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span lang="ne">नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Nepali-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. Together with their <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Nepal" title="Council of Ministers of Nepal">Council of ministers</a>, The prime minister exercises executive power in the country. The prime minister must enjoy the confidence in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Nepal)" title="House of Representatives (Nepal)">Pratinidhi Sabha</a> before being appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">president</a> and shall resign if they are unable to retain the majority in the House. </p><p>The residence of the prime minister is in <a href="/wiki/Baluwatar,_Kathmandu" title="Baluwatar, Kathmandu">Baluwatar, Kathmandu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-himalayandeuba_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himalayandeuba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-himalayansushil_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himalayansushil-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seat of the prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Singha_Durbar" title="Singha Durbar">Singha Darbar</a> since the time of <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shamsher_Jung_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana">Chandra Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent prime minister is <a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">KP Sharma Oli</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Unified_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)">CPN (UML)</a>, in office since 15 July 2024. He was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a> as per Article 76(2) of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Constitution of Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The position of <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> of Nepal (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span lang="ne">नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Nepali-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī</i></span>) in modern form was called by different names at different times of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">Nepalese history</a>. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Shah dynasty</a>, either Chautariya, Kaji, or <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkajis</a> (Chief Kajis) served the function of prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Basnyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhiman Singh Basnyat">Abhiman Singh Basnyat</a> was first <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> appointed by <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah</a> at 1785–1794 after that his nephew <a href="/wiki/Kirtiman_Singh_Basnyat" title="Kirtiman Singh Basnyat">Kirtiman Singh Basnyat</a> was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> from 1794 – 1801 September after that his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Bakhtawar_Singh_Basnyat" title="Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat">Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat</a> was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> in 1801–1803 and after that <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pandey" class="mw-redirect" title="Damodar Pandey">Damodar Pandey</a> became <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> till February 1803 – March 1804. In 1804, the position of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a> was created by <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> which carried executive powers of nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal2007314_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal2007314-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mukhtiyar</i> is formed from two words: <i>Mukhya</i> and <i>Akhtiyar</i>. <i>Mukhya</i> means Chief,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Akhtiyar</i> means Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altogether it means the "executive head of the state". <i>Mukhtiyar</i> held the position of executive head till adoption of title of <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> in 1843 A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-Kandel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kandel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Mukhtiyar to title himself as prime minister, as per the British convention, was the last <i><a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Mathabar_Singh_Thapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathabar Singh Thapa">Mathabar Singh Thapa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kandel_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kandel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mathabar Singh became <a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a> as well as prime minister and Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese army in November 1843 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi197117_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi197117-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the declaration of second queen of Rajendra, Queen <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Laxmi_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajya Laxmi Devi">Rajya Laxmi Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi197118_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi197118-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana dynasty</a>, the position of prime minister was hereditary and the officeholder held additional titles — Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal and Grand Master of the Royal Orders of Nepal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earliest_Prime_Ministers">Earliest Prime Ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earliest Prime Ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a> was the first person to be referred to as <i>prime minister</i> by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kandel_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kandel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, historian <a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Nepali" title="Chittaranjan Nepali">Chittaranjan Nepali</a> writes that the first institution to hold all state powers was the position of <i><a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a></i> which was established after King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> returned to Nepal from <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>. However, historians believe that Kaji <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> was the first person to hold power as a prime minister as the modern system of administration originated in Nepal with the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi19716_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi19716-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> was the most influential Kaji since the fall of regent Chautariya <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah of Nepal</a> from central power in April 1794 by his newly active nephew, King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the minority of the King Girvan Yuddha, <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> took over the administration as Mulkaji, or prime minister (1799–1804), with complete control over administration and the power to conduct foreign affairs. He set a significant precedent for later Nepalese history, which has seen a recurring struggle for effective power between king and prime minister. The main policy of <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> was to protect the young king by keeping his unpredictable father in Banaras and to play off against each other the schemes of the retired king's wives. By 1804 this policy had failed. The former king engineered his return and took over as mukhtiyar.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1768–1806"><span id="1768.E2.80.931806"></span>1768–1806</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1768–1806"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The character of government in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> was driven from consultative state organ of the previous <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha hill principality</a>, known as Bharadar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Bharadars were drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance Thar Ghar in previous <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha hill principality</a>. The nobility of <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha</a> was mainly based from <a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetri</a> families and they had a strong presence in civil administration affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPahari1995632_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPahari1995632-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the prime ministers of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were <a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetris</a> with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Ranga Nath Poudyal</a>, being a <a href="/wiki/Bahun" title="Bahun">Brahmin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaj19965_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaj19965-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as counsellors, ministers and Diplomats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">anarchial</a> rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government was stated to have controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions; <a href="/wiki/Thapa_dynasty" title="Thapa dynasty">Thapas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pande_family" title="Pande family">Pandes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per historians and contemporary writer <a href="/wiki/Francis_Buchanan-Hamilton" title="Francis Buchanan-Hamilton">Francis Hamilton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">government of Nepal</a> comprised:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2 <i>Chautariyas</i></li> <li>4 <i><a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kajis</a></i></li> <li>4 <i><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sirdar/Sardars</a></i></li> <li>2 <i>Subedars</i></li> <li>1 <i>Khazanchi</i></li> <li>1 <i>Kapardar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Per historian <a href="/wiki/Dilli_Raman_Regmi" title="Dilli Raman Regmi">Dilli Raman Regmi</a>, the states the government of Nepal were: </p> <ul><li>4 <i>Chautariyas</i></li> <li>4 <i><a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kajis</a></i></li> <li>4 <i><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sirdar/Sardars</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the number varied after King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> abdicated his throne to minor son in 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Bahadur_Shah_and_rise_of_Damodar_Pande_(1794–1804)"><span id="Fall_of_Bahadur_Shah_and_rise_of_Damodar_Pande_.281794.E2.80.931804.29"></span>Fall of Bahadur Shah and rise of Damodar Pande (1794–1804)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fall of Bahadur Shah and rise of Damodar Pande (1794–1804)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pande_family" title="Pande family">Pande family</a></div> <p>In 1794, King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah of Nepal</a>, had no official part to play.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rana Bahadur appointed <a href="/wiki/Kirtiman_Singh_Basnyat" title="Kirtiman Singh Basnyat">Kirtiman Singh Basnyat</a> as Chief (<i>Mul</i>) <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> among the newly appointed four kajis though <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> was the most influential Kaji.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirtiman had succeeded <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Basnyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhiman Singh Basnyat">Abhiman Singh Basnyat</a> as Chief Kaji<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200556_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200556-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (<i>Mul</i>) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of the nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Raj_Rajeshwari_Devi" title="Raj Rajeshwari Devi">Raj Rajeshwari Devi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Bakhtawar_Singh_Basnyat" title="Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat">Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat</a>, was then given the post of Chief (<i>Mul</i>) Kaji.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Bakhtawar's tenure as the <i>Mul Kaji</i>, on 28 October 1801, the Treaty of Commerce and Alliance was signed between Nepal and East India Company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200751Amatya1978Acharya201235–36_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200751Amatya1978Acharya201235–36-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen Rajrajeshwari was restored as regent of Nepal on 17 December 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On subsequent February, <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> (Chief Kaji)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a reward for establishing her regency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>[Damodar Pande] was the most influential Kaji since the fall of regent Chautariya <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah of Nepal</a> from central power in April 1794 by his newly active nephew, King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1797, his relationship with his uncle, who was living a retired life, and who wanted to seek refuge in China on the pretext of meeting the new emperor, had deteriorated to the extent that he ordered his imprisonment on 19 February 1797 and his subsequent murder on 23 June 1797. Similarly, in mid-1795, he became infatuated with a <a href="/wiki/Maithil_Brahmin" title="Maithil Brahmin">Maithil Brahmin</a> <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widow</a>, Kantavati Jha, and married her on the oath of making their illegitimate half-caste son (as per the Hindu law of that time) the heir apparent, by excluding the legitimate heir Prince Ranodyot Shah who was born from his previous marriage with a high caste <a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetri</a>, Queen <a href="/wiki/Subarna_Prabha_Devi" title="Subarna Prabha Devi">Subarna Prabha Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216–17_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216–17-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such acts earned Rana Bahadur notoriety both among courtiers and common people, especially among <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201217–21_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201217–21-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the inevitable death of Kantavati, Rana Bahadur suffered a mental breakdown during which he lashed out by desecrating temples and cruelly punishing the attendant physicians and astrologers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201226–27_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201226–27-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then renounced his ascetic life and attempted to re-assert his royal authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a direct conflict with almost all the courtiers who had pledged a holy oath of allegiance to the legitimate king <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah">Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah</a>. This conflict eventually led to the establishment of a dual government and to an imminent civil war, with <a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a> leading the military force against the dissenting ex-king and his group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since most of the military officers had sided with Damodar Pande, Rana Bahadur realized that his authority could not be re-established, and he was forced to flee to the British-controlled city of <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> in May 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Damodar_Pande_and_rise_of_Bhimsen_Thapa_(1804)"><span id="Fall_of_Damodar_Pande_and_rise_of_Bhimsen_Thapa_.281804.29"></span>Fall of Damodar Pande and rise of Bhimsen Thapa (1804)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall of Damodar Pande and rise of Bhimsen Thapa (1804)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As soon as they received the news, Rana Bahadur and his group proceeded towards Kathmandu. Some troops were sent by Kathmandu Durbar to check their progress, but the troops changed their allegiance when they came face to face with the ex-King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Pande and his men were arrested at Thankot where they were waiting to greet the ex-King with state honors and take him into isolation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200756-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he started to extract vengeance on those who had tried to keep him in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He exiled Rajrajeshwari to <a href="/wiki/Helambu" title="Helambu">Helambu</a>, where she became a Buddhist nun, on the charge of siding with Damodar Pande and colluding with the British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, was executed on 13 March 1804; similarly some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rana Bahadur also punished those who did not help him while in exile. Among them was <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Pal_Sen" title="Prithvi Pal Sen">Prithvi Pal Sen</a>, the king of Palpa, who was tricked into imprisonment, while his kingdom forcefully annexed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subarnaprabha and her supporters were released and given a general pardon. Those who had helped Rana Bahadur to return to Kathmandu were lavished with rank, land, and wealth. <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a> was made a second <i>kaji</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ranajit_Pande" title="Ranajit Pande">Ranajit Pande</a>, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the <i><a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Shah" title="Sher Bahadur Shah">Sher Bahadur Shah</a>, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the <i>Mul Chautariya</i>; while <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Rangnath Paudel</a> was made the <i>Raj Guru</i> (royal spiritual preceptor).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After almost two-year, all of a sudden Rana Bahadur was made <i><a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a></i> (chief authority) and Bhimsen tried to implement his schemes through Rana Bahadur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200760–61_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200760–61-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhimsen had also secretly learned of a plot to oust Rana Bahadur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201227_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201227-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribhuvan Khawas (Pradhan), a member of Sher Bahadur's faction, was imprisoned on the re-opened charges of conspiracy with the British that led to the Knox's mission, but for which pardon had already been doled out, and was ordered to be executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200761-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribhuvan Khawas decided to reveal everyone that was involved in the dialogue with the British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200761-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those implicated was Sher Bahadur Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200761-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 25 April 1806, Rana Bahadur held a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house with rest of the courtiers, during which he taunted and threatened to execute Sher Bahadur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201264–66_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201264–66-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200762_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200762-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and <a href="/wiki/Bal_Narsingh_Kunwar" title="Bal Narsingh Kunwar">Bal Narsingh Kunwar</a>, also allies of Bhimsen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201267_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201267-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200762–63_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200762–63-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201268–71_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201268–71-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200763–64_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200763–64-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That very night member of Sher Bahadur's faction – <a href="/wiki/Bidur_Bahadur_Shah" title="Bidur Bahadur Shah">Bidur Shah</a>, Tribhuvan Khawas, and <a href="/wiki/Narsingh_Gurung" title="Narsingh Gurung">Narsingh Gurung</a> – and even King Prithvipal Sen of Palpa, who was under house arrest in Patan Durbar, were swiftly rounded up and killed in Bhandarkhal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200763_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200763-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhimsen managed to kill everyone who did not agree with him or anyone who could potentially become a problem for him in the future. In this massacre that lasted for about two weeks, a total of ninety-three people (16 women and 77 men) died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200764_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200764-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost one and half months before the massacre, upon Bhimsen's insistence, Rana Bahadur, then 31 years old, had married a 14-year-old girl named <a href="/wiki/Queen_Tripurasundari_of_Nepal" title="Queen Tripurasundari of Nepal">Tripurasundari</a> on 7 March 1806, making her his fifth legitimate wife.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201262_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201262-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking advantage of the political chaos, Bhimsen became the <i><a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a></i> (1806–37), and Tripurasundari was given the title Lalita Tripurasundari and declared regent and Queen Mother (1806–32) of <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah">Girvan Yuddha Shah</a>, who was himself 9 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Bhimsen became the first person outside the royal household to hold the position of the <i>Mukhtiyar</i>. All the other wives (except Subarnaprabha<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200580_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200580-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and concubines of Rana Bahadur, along with their handmaidens, were forced to commit <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">sati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200764_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200764-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya2012163_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya2012163-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhimsen obtained a royal mandate from Tripurasundari, given in the name of King Girvan, commanding all other courtiers to be obedient to him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhimsen further consolidated his power by disenfranchising the old courtiers from the central power by placing them as administrators of far-flung provinces of the country. The courtiers were instead replaced by his close relatives, who were mere yes-men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201228_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201228-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the spot where Rana Bahadur Shah drew his last breath, Bhimsen later built a commemorative Shiva temple by the name Rana-Mukteshwar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201272_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201272-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thapadom_and_subsequent_transition;_1806–1846"><span id="Thapadom_and_subsequent_transition.3B_1806.E2.80.931846"></span>Thapadom and subsequent transition; 1806–1846</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Thapadom and subsequent transition; 1806–1846"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Thapa_dynasty" title="Thapa dynasty">Thapa dynasty</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a> ruled for 31 years as <a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a> and implemented large number of reforms in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications">communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Social_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Social evil">social evils</a> in his premiership. During Bhimsen Thapa's prime ministership, the Gurkha Empire had reached its greatest expanse from <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> river in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta river</a> in the east. However, Nepal entered into a disastrous <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a> with the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> lasting from 1814 to 1816, which was concluded with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sugauli" title="Treaty of Sugauli">Treaty of Sugauli</a>, by which Nepal lost almost one-third of its land. It also led to the establishment of a permanent <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">British Residency</a>. The death of King <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah_Deva" class="mw-redirect" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva">Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah</a> in 1816 before his maturity, and the immature age of his heir, King <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra of Nepal">Rajendra Bikram Shah</a>, coupled with the support from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Tripurasundari" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Tripurasundari">Queen Tripurasundari</a> (the junior queen of Rana Bahadur Shah), allowed him to continue to remain in power even after Nepal's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepalese War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rana_regime;_1846–1951"><span id="Rana_regime.3B_1846.E2.80.931951"></span>Rana regime; 1846–1951</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rana regime; 1846–1951"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana dynasty</a></div> <p>The Rana regime, founded by <a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a>, began an autocratic and totalitarian rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_rule_and_subsequent_Panchayat_rule;_1951–1990"><span id="Democratic_rule_and_subsequent_Panchayat_rule.3B_1951.E2.80.931990"></span>Democratic rule and subsequent Panchayat rule; 1951–1990</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Democratic rule and subsequent Panchayat rule; 1951–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only a handful of Nepalese prime ministers have carried a democratic mandate. The first elected prime minister was <a href="/wiki/B._P._Koirala" class="mw-redirect" title="B. P. Koirala">B. P. Koirala</a>, in 1959. After he was deposed and imprisoned in 1960, <a href="/wiki/Mahendra_of_Nepal" title="Mahendra of Nepal">King Mahendra</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat system</a> and the country did not have a democratic government until 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_monarchy;_1990–2008"><span id="Constitutional_monarchy.3B_1990.E2.80.932008"></span>Constitutional monarchy; 1990–2008</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Constitutional monarchy; 1990–2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The country became a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">Jana Andolan</a> (meaning People's movement). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_Democratic_Republic;_2008–present"><span id="Federal_Democratic_Republic.3B_2008.E2.80.93present"></span>Federal Democratic Republic; 2008–present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Federal Democratic Republic; 2008–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">monarchy</a> was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the <a href="/wiki/1st_Nepalese_Constituent_Assembly" title="1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly">1st Constituent Assembly</a>, and the country was declared a federal democratic republic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prime minister has a more enhanced constitutional role than his counterparts in other parliamentary democracies. This is because Section 75 of the Constitution explicitly vests the executive power of the federal government in the Council of Ministers–of which the prime minister is the leader–not the president. In most other parliamentary republics, the president is at least the nominal chief executive, while being bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. Per Section 76, the prime minister is the chairman of the Council of Ministers and thus exercises executive power collectively with the Council of Ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointment">Appointment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Appointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under part 7, Article 76, of the Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the president is required to appoint the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister. If no party has a majority, the president is required to appoint an MP who has the support of a coalition of parties who between them have a majority in the chamber–in practice, the leader of the senior partner in such a coalition. If no majority coalition can be formed within 30 days of the final result of a parliamentary election, the president is required to appoint the leader of the largest party in the chamber. In the latter cases, the person appointed as prime minister must win a confidence vote within 30 days. However, if a confidence vote is unsuccessful, the president must appoint an MP who can demonstrate command the confidence of the House. In the event that no member can command the confidence of the House within 55 days of the announcement of the final results of the election, new elections must be held within six months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Removal">Removal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vacation process of the prime minister as per Section 77 (1) of 2015 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Constitution of Nepal</a> is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prime minister shall cease to hold office in the following circumstances: </p> <ol><li>If he/she tenders written resignation to the president,</li> <li>If a vote of confidence fails to be approved according to Article (100), or a motion of no confidence is passed,</li> <li>If he/she ceases to be a member of the House of Representatives,</li> <li>If he/she dies.</li></ol> <p>Furthermore, the Section 77 (3) states: If the prime minister ceases to hold the office according to clause (1), the same council of ministers shall continue to work until another council of ministers is constituted, provided that, in the case of the death of the prime minister, the senior most minister shall continue to act as prime minister until a new prime minister is appointed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Nepal" title="King of Nepal">King of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal">List of prime ministers of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">Government of Nepal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though he was declared <a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a> and as well as minister and commander-in-chief in November 1843, his appointment letter was issued only on Aswin Badi 7, 1901 (i.e. September 1844). The appointment letter in English translation continues thusly: "From King <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra of Nepal">Rajendra</a>, To Mathbar Singh Thapa Bahadur, son of <a href="/wiki/Nain_Singh_Thapa" title="Nain Singh Thapa">Nain Singh Thapa</a>, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Thapa_(born_1759)" title="Amar Singh Thapa (born 1759)">Ambar Singh Thapa</a>, resident of Gorkha. We hereby appoint you as Mukhtiyar of all civil and administrative affairs throughout our country, as well as Prime Minister, Commander-In-Chief and General with <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">Jagir</a> emoluments amounting to Rs 12,401. Remain in attendance during war and other occasions as commanded by us, be faithful to our salt and utilize the following lands and revenues as your Jagir with due loyalty. (Particulars of lands and revenues follow)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi197124_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi197124-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bharadar translates as 'bearers of burden of state'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Here the government of Nepal can simply be called <i>Bharadari Sabha</i> or Council of <i>Bharadars</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rana Bahadur Shah had two legitimate wives before marrying Kantavati. His first wife was Rajrajeshwori Devi with whom he begot one daughter. His second wife was Subarnaprabha Devi with whom he begot two sons, Ranodyot Shah and Shamsher Shah. Ranodyot Shah was the eldest male heir apparent of Rana Bahadur Shah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Among those who managed to escape to India were Damodar Pande's sons Karbir Pande and Ranjang Pande.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While it is generally believed that Tripurasundari was from a <a href="/wiki/Thapa_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Thapa family">Thapa family</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200586_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200586-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baburam Acharya further conjectured that Tripurasundari was possibly the daughter of Bhimsen's brother <a href="/wiki/Nain_Singh_Thapa" title="Nain Singh Thapa">Nain Singh Thapa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya20123_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya20123-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/15/kp-sharma-oli-sworn-in-as-prime-minister">"KP Sharma Oli sworn in as prime minister"</a>. <i>The Kathmandu Post</i>. 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kathmandu+Post&rft.atitle=KP+Sharma+Oli+sworn+in+as+prime+minister&rft.date=2024-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkathmandupost.com%2Fnational%2F2024%2F07%2F15%2Fkp-sharma-oli-sworn-in-as-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-himalayandeuba-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-himalayandeuba_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-himalayandeuba_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/pm-sher-bahadur-deuba-shifts-to-official-residence-in-baluwatar/">"PM Deuba shifts to official residence in Baluwatar"</a>. <i>thehimalayantimes.com</i>. 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thehimalayantimes.com&rft.atitle=Baluwatar+vacated+%E2%80%93+The+Himalayan+Times&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehimalayantimes.com%2Fkathmandu%2Fbaluwatar-vacated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecs.com.np/heritage-tale/pms-office">"PM's Office – Heritage Tale – ECSNEPAL – The Nepali Way"</a>. <i>ecs.com.np</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/nepal/10.htm">Nepal:The Struggle for Power</a> (Sourced to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Library of Congress">U.S. Library of Congress</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UWQtAAAAQBAJ&dq=Damodar+Pande+kill&pg=PT216">The Bloodstained Throne Struggles for Power in Nepal (1775–1914) – Baburam Acharya</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20128_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPahari1995632-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPahari1995632_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPahari1995">Pahari 1995</a>, p. 632.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaj19965-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaj19965_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaj1996">Raj 1996</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan20129_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200556-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200556_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarmacharya2005">Karmacharya 2005</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200751Amatya1978Acharya201235–36-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200751Amatya1978Acharya201235–36_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 51; <a href="#CITEREFAmatya1978">Amatya 1978</a>; <a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya199564_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarmacharya1995">Karmacharya 1995</a>, p. 64.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarmacharya1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216–17-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201216–17_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201217–21-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201217–21_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 17–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201226–27-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201226–27_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201228–32_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 28–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201213_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 49–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200756-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 54–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 56, 80–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200760–61-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200760–61_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201227-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201227_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200761-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200761_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201263_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201264–66-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201264–66_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 64–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200762-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200762_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201267-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201267_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200762–63-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200762–63_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201268–71-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201268–71_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 68–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200763–64-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200763–64_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, pp. 63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201270_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200763-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200763_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200764-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200764_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200764_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200586-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200586_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarmacharya2005">Karmacharya 2005</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya20123-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya20123_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201262-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201262_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201271_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200580-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarmacharya200580_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarmacharya2005">Karmacharya 2005</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya2012163-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya2012163_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201228-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201228_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201272-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201272_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/971">"Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 75 Executive power"</a>. <i>Nepal Law Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepal+Law+Commission&rft.atitle=Part+7+Federal+Executive%2C+Section+75+Executive+power&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawcommission.gov.np%2Fen%2Farchives%2F971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/971">"Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 76 Constitution of Council of Ministers"</a>. <i>Nepal Law Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepal+Law+Commission&rft.atitle=Part+7+Federal+Executive%2C+Section+76+Constitution+of+Council+of+Ministers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawcommission.gov.np%2Fen%2Farchives%2F971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/971">"Part 7 Federal Executive, Section 77 Vacation of office of Prime Minister and Minister"</a>. <i>Nepal Law Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nepal+Law+Commission&rft.atitle=Part+7+Federal+Executive%2C+Section+77+Vacation+of+office+of+Prime+Minister+and+Minister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawcommission.gov.np%2Fen%2Farchives%2F971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcharya2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), <i>Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan</i> (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789937241748" title="Special:BookSources/9789937241748"><bdi>9789937241748</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janaral+Bhimsen+Thapa+%3A+Yinko+Utthan+Tatha+Pattan&rft.place=Kathmandu&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Education+Book+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789937241748&rft.aulast=Acharya&rft.aufirst=Baburam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNepal2007" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nepal, Gyanmani (2007), <i>Nepal ko Mahabharat</i> (in Nepali) (3rd ed.), Kathmandu: Sajha, p. 314, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789993325857" title="Special:BookSources/9789993325857"><bdi>9789993325857</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nepal+ko+Mahabharat&rft.place=Kathmandu&rft.pages=314&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Sajha&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789993325857&rft.aulast=Nepal&rft.aufirst=Gyanmani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmatya1978" class="citation cs2">Amatya, Shaphalya (June–November 1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_46-48_05.pdf">"The failure of Captain Knox's mission in Nepal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ancient Nepal</i> (46–48), Kathmandu: 9–17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Nepal&rft.atitle=The+failure+of+Captain+Knox%27s+mission+in+Nepal&rft.issue=46%E2%80%9348&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=1978-06%2F1978-11&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=Shaphalya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fancientnepal%2Fpdf%2Fancient_nepal_46-48_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPradhan2012" class="citation cs2">Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7PP1yElRzIUC"><i>Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839</i></a>, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788180698132" title="Special:BookSources/9788180698132"><bdi>9788180698132</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thapa+Politics+in+Nepal%3A+With+Special+Reference+to+Bhim+Sen+Thapa%2C+1806%E2%80%931839&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9788180698132&rft.aulast=Pradhan&rft.aufirst=Kumar+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7PP1yElRzIUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmacharya2005" class="citation cs2">Karmacharya, Ganga (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6G5uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Queens in Nepalese Politics: an account of roles of Nepalese queens in state affairs, 1775–1846</i></a>, Nepal: Educational Publishing House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789994633937" title="Special:BookSources/9789994633937"><bdi>9789994633937</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queens+in+Nepalese+Politics%3A+an+account+of+roles+of+Nepalese+queens+in+state+affairs%2C+1775%E2%80%931846&rft.place=Nepal&rft.pub=Educational+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789994633937&rft.aulast=Karmacharya&rft.aufirst=Ganga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6G5uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPahari1995" class="citation cs2">Pahari, Anup (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gz7TAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Origins, Growth and Dissolution of Feudalism in Nepal: A Contribution to the Debate on Feudalism in Non-European Societies</i></a>, vol. 4, University of Wisconsin—Madison</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins%2C+Growth+and+Dissolution+of+Feudalism+in+Nepal%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+Debate+on+Feudalism+in+Non-European+Societies&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin%E2%80%94Madison&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pahari&rft.aufirst=Anup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGz7TAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj1996" class="citation cs2">Raj, Prakash A. (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4i1uAAAAMAAJ"><i>Brahmins of Nepal</i></a>, Nabeen Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780785573661" title="Special:BookSources/9780785573661"><bdi>9780785573661</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brahmins+of+Nepal&rft.pub=Nabeen+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780785573661&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Prakash+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4i1uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegmi1971" class="citation book cs1">Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_03.pdf"><i>Regmi Research Series</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 03. Regmi Research Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regmi+Research+Series&rft.pub=Regmi+Research+Centre&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Regmi&rft.aufirst=Mahesh+Chandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fregmi%2Fpdf%2FRegmi_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaha1990" class="citation cs2">Shaha, Rishikesh (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3NuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Modern Nepal 1769–1885</i></a>, Riverdale Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913215-64-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-913215-64-3"><bdi>0-913215-64-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Nepal+1769%E2%80%931885&rft.pub=Riverdale+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-913215-64-3&rft.aulast=Shaha&rft.aufirst=Rishikesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY3NuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaha2001" class="citation cs2">Shaha, Rishikesh (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kmwwAQAAIAAJ"><i>An Introduction of Nepal</i></a>, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+of+Nepal&rft.place=Kathmandu&rft.pub=Ratna+Pustak+Bhandar&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Shaha&rft.aufirst=Rishikesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkmwwAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD.R._Regmi1975" class="citation cs2">D.R. Regmi (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=idJBAAAAYAAJ"><i>Modern Nepal</i></a>, vol. 1, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0883864916" title="Special:BookSources/0883864916"><bdi>0883864916</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Nepal&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0883864916&rft.au=D.R.+Regmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DidJBAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1877" class="citation cs2">Wright, Daniel (1877), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mHE5hkHc7kcC"><i>History of Nepal</i></a>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Nepal&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmHE5hkHc7kcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Nepal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Nepal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opmcm.gov.np/en/former-pm/">Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Nepal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal">Prime ministers of Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a><br />(19th century–<a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">1990</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande">Damodar Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Ranga Nath Poudyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautariya_Puskhar_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Chautariya Puskhar Shah">Chautariya Puskhar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Jang_Pande" title="Rana Jang Pande">Rana Jang Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Ranga Nath Poudyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Jung_Shah" title="Fateh Jung Shah">Fateh Jung Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathabarsingh_Thapa" title="Mathabarsingh Thapa">Mathabarsingh Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Jung_Shah" title="Fateh Jung Shah">Fateh Jung Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam_Bahadur_Kunwar" title="Bam Bahadur Kunwar">Bam Bahadur Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bahadur_Kunwar_Rana" title="Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana">Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaudip_Singh_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaudip Singh Bahadur">Renaudip Singh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhim_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juddha_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">1951 revolution</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika_Prasad_Koirala" title="Matrika Prasad Koirala">Matrika Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952–53)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika_Prasad_Koirala" title="Matrika Prasad Koirala">Matrika Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1955–56)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanka_Prasad_Acharya" title="Tanka Prasad Acharya">Tanka Prasad Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Inderjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunwar Inderjit Singh">Kunwar Inderjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarna_Shamsher_Rana" title="Subarna Shamsher Rana">Subarna Shamsher Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishweshwar_Prasad_Koirala" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala">Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–71)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Prasad_Rijal" title="Nagendra Prasad Rijal">Nagendra Prasad Rijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Prasad_Rijal" title="Nagendra Prasad Rijal">Nagendra Prasad Rijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marich_Man_Singh_Shrestha" title="Marich Man Singh Shrestha">Marich Man Singh Shrestha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/75px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/113px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdom of Nepal<br />(1990–<a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal#Republic" title="History of Nepal">2008</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Bhattarai" title="Krishna Prasad Bhattarai">Krishna Prasad Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Adhikari" title="Man Mohan Adhikari">Man Mohan Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Bhattarai" title="Krishna Prasad Bhattarai">Krishna Prasad Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–06)</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">2006 revolution</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal</a><br />(2008–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Kumar_Nepal" title="Madhav Kumar Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhala_Nath_Khanal" title="Jhala Nath Khanal">Khanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburam_Bhattarai" title="Baburam Bhattarai">Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khil_Raj_Regmi" title="Khil Raj Regmi">Regmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Koirala" title="Sushil Koirala">Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Deuba I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Deuba II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nepal_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nepal_topics" title="Template:Nepal topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nepal_topics" title="Template talk:Nepal topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nepal_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nepal topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nepal_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shakya" title="Shakya">Shakya Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_Buddha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (mother of Buddha)">Maya (mother of Buddha)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kirata_kingdom" title="Kirata kingdom">Kirata kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yalamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Yalamber">Yalamber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Licchavi_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Licchavi (kingdom)">Lichchhavi rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manadeva" title="Manadeva">Manadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amshuverma" title="Amshuverma">Amshuverma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrikuti" title="Bhrikuti">Bhrikuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araniko" title="Araniko">Araniko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Medieval<br />and<br />modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arimalla" title="Arimalla">Arimalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa kingdom">Khasa kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise_Rajya" title="Baise Rajya">Baise Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaubisi_Rajya" title="Chaubisi Rajya">Chaubisi Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Mandala" title="Nepal Mandala"> Newa kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_dynasty" title="Shah dynasty">Early Shah rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Narayan_Shah" title="Prithvi Narayan Shah">Prithvi Narayan Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Nepal" title="Unification of Nepal">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Nepal" title="List of monarchs of Nepal">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Nepalese_War" title="Anglo-Nepalese War">Anglo-Nepal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sugauli" title="Treaty of Sugauli">Treaty of Sugauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana rule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kot_massacre" title="Kot massacre">Kot massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Tibet_War_(1855%E2%80%931856)" title="Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)">Tibetan War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Thapathali" title="Treaty of Thapathali">Treaty of Thapathali</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamjang_and_Kaski" title="Lamjang and Kaski">Lamjang and Kaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_of_Nepal" title="Tribhuvan of Nepal">Tribhuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Britain_Treaty_of_1923" title="Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923">Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Rana and <a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">1951 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)" title="Panchayat (Nepal)">Panchayat system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Village_National_Campaign" title="Back to the Village National Campaign">Back to the Village campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Multi-party democracy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">Jana Andolan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre" title="Nepalese royal massacre">Royal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nepal_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Nepal coup d'état">2005 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">Jana Andolan II</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 earthquake - <a href="/wiki/April_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="April 2015 Nepal earthquake">April</a> - <a href="/wiki/May_2015_Nepal_earthquake" title="May 2015 Nepal earthquake">May</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Nepal" title="List of mountains in Nepal">Mountains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kanchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalu" title="Makalu">Makalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaulagiri" title="Dhaulagiri">Dhaulagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaslu" title="Manaslu">Manaslu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna" title="Annapurna">Annapurna</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nepal" title="List of cities in Nepal">Cities of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley" title="Kathmandu Valley">Kathmandu Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Terai_Valleys_of_Nepal" title="Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal">Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Corridor" title="Siliguri Corridor">Siliguri Corridor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Chicken's Neck)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nepal" title="List of rivers of Nepal">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_River,_China-Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arun River, China-Nepal">Arun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara" title="Ghaghara">Karnali <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ghaghara)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Koshi River">Koshi <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kosi)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Narayani <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gandaki)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rapti_River" title="West Rapti River">West Rapti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Nepal" title="Environmental issues in Nepal">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Nepal" title="Climate change in Nepal">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Nepal" title="Deforestation in Nepal">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Nepal" title="List of protected areas of Nepal">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Nepal" title="Wildlife of Nepal">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nepal" title="Politics of Nepal">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nepal" title="Constitution of Nepal">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Constituent_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nepal" title="Foreign relations of Nepal">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Nepal)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (Nepal)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Nepal" title="Federal Parliament of Nepal">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Assembly (Nepal)">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nepal" title="List of political parties in Nepal">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Nepal" title="Communism in Nepal">Communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nepal" title="List of heads of state of Nepal">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nepal" title="Vice President of Nepal">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal"><span style="font-size:85%;">list</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Nepal" title="Council of Ministers of Nepal">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nepal" title="Supreme Court of Nepal">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Nepal" title="Chief Justice of Nepal">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nepal" title="Administrative divisions of Nepal">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Nepal" title="List of districts of Nepal">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Nepal" title="Provinces of Nepal">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nepal" title="Municipalities of Nepal">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaunpalika" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaunpalika">Rural Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nepal" title="List of cities in Nepal">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatpur,_Nepal" title="Bharatpur, Nepal">Bharatpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biratnagar" title="Biratnagar">Biratnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgunj" title="Birgunj">Birgunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damak" class="mw-redirect" title="Damak">Damak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetauda" title="Hetauda">Hetauda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itahari" title="Itahari">Itahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpurdham" class="mw-redirect" title="Janakpurdham">Janakpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu <span style="font-size:85%;">(capital)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitpur,_Nepal" title="Lalitpur, Nepal">Lalitpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalgunj" title="Nepalgunj">Nepalgunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhara" title="Pokhara">Pokhara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nepal" title="Economy of Nepal">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Nepal" title="Agriculture in Nepal">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Nepal" title="Energy in Nepal">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Nepal" title="Child labour in Nepal">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Nepal" title="List of companies of Nepal">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Free_Trade_Area" title="South Asian Free Trade Area">South Asian Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Nepal" title="Squatting in Nepal">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nepal" title="Telecommunications in Nepal">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nepal" title="Tourism in Nepal">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nepal" title="Transport in Nepal">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Nepal" title="Labour in Nepal">Workforce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nepal" title="Culture of Nepal">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nepal_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nepal" title="Demographics of Nepal">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nepal" title="Education in Nepal">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nepal" title="Music of Nepal">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkhas/Gorkhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Nepal" title="International rankings of Nepal">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Nepal">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy" title="Nepal Academy">Nepal Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Nepal Academy of Fine Arts">Nepal Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis" title="Nepalis">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal" title="Ethnic groups in Nepal">Ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nepal" title="Public holidays in Nepal">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Nepal" title="Hinduism in Nepal">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nepal" title="Islam in Nepal">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nepal" title="Christianity in Nepal">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Nepal" title="Sports in Nepal">Sport</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Nepal" title="List of festivals in Nepal">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashain" title="Dashain">Dashain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihar_(festival)" title="Tihar (festival)">Tihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohani" title="Mohani">Mohani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanti_(festival)" title="Swanti (festival)"> Swonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankha_Yatra" title="Dipankha Yatra">Dipankha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holidays">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomari_punhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yomari punhi">Yomari Punhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadhimai_festival" title="Gadhimai festival">Gadhimai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Jayanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Jayanti">Buddha Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhauli" title="Udhauli">Udhauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubhauli" title="Ubhauli">Ubhauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasok_Tangnam" title="Chasok Tangnam">Chasok Tangnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhechu" title="Chhechu">Chhechu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatra_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatra (Nepal)">Jatra</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Celebrations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Celebrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nwaran" title="Nwaran">Nwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasni_(celebration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasni (celebration)">Pasni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Bratabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihi" title="Ihi">Ihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahra_ceremony" title="Bahra ceremony"> Bahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81ddha" title="Śrāddha">Shraddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nepal" title="Abortion in Nepal">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch-hunts_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-hunts in Nepal">Witch-hunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Nepal" title="Capital punishment in Nepal">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Nepal" title="Health in Nepal">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nepal" title="Human rights in Nepal">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Nepal" title="Intersex rights in Nepal">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nepal">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Nepal" title="Women's rights in Nepal">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Nepal" title="Human trafficking in Nepal">Human trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nepal" title="Outline of Nepal">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nepal" title="Bibliography of Nepal">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nepal" title="Category:Nepal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime ministers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Bermuda" title="List of premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Niue" title="Prime Minister of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Prime Minister of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Prime Minister of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United 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