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skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Estoni%C3%A0" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Estoni%C3%A0" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Estoni%C3%A0" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Estoni%C3%A0" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dialectes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dialectes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Característiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Característiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Característiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Característiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literatura_estoniana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura_estoniana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Literatura estoniana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura_estoniana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llengua_oficial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llengua_oficial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Llengua oficial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llengua_oficial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estonià</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 156 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аестон бызшәа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аестон бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esties" title="Esties - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estnische_Sprache" title="Estnische Sprache - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Estnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ኤስቶንኛ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስቶንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estonio" title="Idioma estonio - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma estonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisc_gereord" title="Estisc gereord - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Estisc gereord" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإستونية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإستونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه استونى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه استونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estoniu" title="Idioma estoniu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma estoniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_dili" title="Eston dili - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eston dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="استون دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استون دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эстон теле - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстон теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estu_kalba" title="Estu kalba - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Estu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эстонская мова - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эстонская мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эстонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски език - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনীয় ভাষা - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এস্তোনীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneg" title="Estoneg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Estoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эстонийн мотт - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эстонийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Estonyo" title="Pinulongang Estonyo - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەستۆنی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەستۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C5%A1tina" title="Estonština - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Эстон чĕлхи - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эстон чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneg" title="Estoneg - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Estoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk_(sprog)" title="Estisk (sprog) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Estisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estnische_Sprache" title="Estnische Sprache - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonki" title="Estonki - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estni%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Estnišćina - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Estnišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Εσθονική γλώσσα - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσθονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Estonian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estona_lingvo" title="Estona lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estonio" title="Idioma estonio - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma estonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniera" title="Estoniera - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_est%C3%B3nia" title="Luenga estónia - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga estónia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان استونیایی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان استونیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viron_kieli" title="Viron kieli - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viron kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_kiil" title="Eesti kiil - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eesti kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Estiskt mál - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Estiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonien" title="Estonien - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estonien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestnisk_spriak" title="Eestnisk spriak - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eestnisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estysk" title="Estysk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Estysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_East%C3%B3inis" title="An Eastóinis - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eastóinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastoinis" title="Eastoinis - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eastoinis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_estoniana" title="Lingua estoniana - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua estoniana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoinish" title="Estoinish - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Estoinish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia-ng%C3%AE" title="Estonia-ngî - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Estonia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BBEsetonia" title="ʻŌlelo ʻEsetonia - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻEsetonia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אסטונית - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियाई भाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्टोनियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_bhasa" title="Estonian bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Estonian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Estišćina - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Estišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szt_nyelv" title="Észt nyelv - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észt nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Էստոներեն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Estonia" title="Jaku Estonia - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Estonia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Estonio" title="Pagsasao nga Estonio - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Estonio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniana_linguo" title="Estoniana linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estoniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eistneska" title="Eistneska - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eistneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_estone" title="Lingua estone - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua estone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="エストニア語 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストニア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ესტონური ენა - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_tili" title="Eston tili - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Eston tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tis%E1%B9%ADunit" title="Tisṭunit - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tisṭunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Эстон тілі - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эстон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសាអេស្តូនី - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអេស្តូនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="에스토니아어 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스토니아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эст кыв - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эст кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Эстон тил - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эстон тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_eston%C3%AE" title="Zimanê estonî - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê estonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эст кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эст кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonek" title="Estonek - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Estonek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Эстон тили - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эстон тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Estonica" title="Lingua Estonica - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Estonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Эстон маз - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Эстон маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti_(lingua)" title="Esti (lingua) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esti (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Estisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_estun" title="Lengua estun - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua estun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C5%B3_kalba" title="Estų kalba - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Igauņu volūda - Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Igauņu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Igauņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эстинь кяль - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эстинь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_est%C3%B4niana" title="Fiteny estôniana - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny estôniana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Эстон йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эстон йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски јазик - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="എസ്തോണിയൻ ഭാഷ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്തോണിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Эстони хэл - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эстони хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियन भाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्टोनियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Эстон йӹлмӹ - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эстон йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эстэнь кель - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эстэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="استونیایی - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استونیایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestnisch" title="Eestnisch - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eestnisch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esties" title="Esties - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esties" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियाली भाषा - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्टोनियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्तोनियन भाषा - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्तोनियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Estisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Estisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Estisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian" title="Estonian - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estonian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestin_kieli" title="Eestin kieli - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Eestin kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Эстойнаг æвзаг - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эстойнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyan" title="Estonyan - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estonyan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_esto%C5%84ski" title="Język estoński - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język estoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Estonian" title="Lenga Estonian - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Estonian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسٹونی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسٹونی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېستونيايي ژبه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېستونيايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_estoniana" title="Língua estoniana - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua estoniana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istunya_simi" title="Istunya simi - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istunya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_eston%C4%83" title="Limba estonă - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba estonă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Эстонский язык - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстонский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Естоньскый язык - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Естоньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesitoniya" title="Icyesitoniya - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesitoniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эстон тыла - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эстон тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_%C3%A8stone" title="Limba èstone - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba èstone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie_leid" title="Estonie leid - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Estonie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esttegiella" title="Esttegiella - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esttegiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Estonian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3n%C4%8Dina" title="Estónčina - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Estónčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Estonščina - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Estonščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virokiel%C3%A2" title="Virokielâ - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Virokielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_estoneze" title="Gjuha estoneze - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha estoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estniska" title="Estniska - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Estniska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiestonia" title="Kiestonia - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiestonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="எசுத்தோனிய மொழி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுத்தோனிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони эстонӣ - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эстонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาเอสโตเนีย - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสโตเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Estonyo" title="Wikang Estonyo - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonca" title="Estonca - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эстон теле - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эстон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Эстон кыл - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эстон кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېستون تىلى - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېستون تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Естонська мова - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естонська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استونیائی زبان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استونیائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_tili" title="Eston tili - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eston tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_%C3%A8stona" title="Łéngua èstona - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua èstona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estin_kel%27" title="Estin kel' - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Estin kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Estonia" title="Tiếng Estonia - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestiy" title="Lestiy - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lestiy" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyin_(lingaedje)" title="Estonyin (lingaedje) - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Estonyin (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyo" title="Estonyo - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="爱沙尼亚语 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱沙尼亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ესტონური ნინა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესტონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9" title="עסטיש - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עסטיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="爱沙尼亚语 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱沙尼亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞語 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛沙尼亞語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia-g%C3%AD" title="Estonia-gí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Estonia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87" title="愛沙尼亞文 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛沙尼亞文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9072#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de 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href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Estoni%C3%A0" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Estoni%C3%A0" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&oldid=33895134" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Estoni%C3%A0&id=33895134&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstoni%25C3%25A0"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEstoni%25C3%25A0"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Estoni%C3%A0"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Estoni%C3%A0&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9072" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Estonià</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;"><i>eesti keel</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg/300px-Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg/450px-Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg/600px-Reklaamsilt_n%C3%A4itab_suunda_Kaali_trahtrisse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Altres noms</th><td class="infobox-data">eesti keel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_natural" title="Llengua natural">llengua natural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrollengua" title="Macrollengua">macrollengua</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">llengua viva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Ús</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants</th><td class="infobox-data">1,1 milions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">1.251.770 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2012 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27idiomes_per_nombre_de_parlants_natius" title="Llista d'idiomes per nombre de parlants natius">Rànquing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">no està al <i>top 100</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">Oficial</a> a</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Autòcton de</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> septentrional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Idioma_estonio.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Idioma_estonio.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;">Distribució de l'estonià</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Coordenades</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estoni%C3%A0&language=ca&params=58.55_N_25.82_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">58° 33′ N, 25° 49′ E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">58.55°N</span>,<span class="longitude">25.82°E</span></span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.55; 25.82</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_uralianes" title="Llengües uralianes">llengües uralianes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ugrofineses" title="Llengües ugrofineses">llengües ugrofineses</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_fino-p%C3%A8rmiques" title="Llengües fino-pèrmiques">llengües fino-pèrmiques</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_fino-volgaiques" title="Llengües fino-volgaiques">llengües fino-volgaiques</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163652" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q163652">llengües fino-sami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_baltofineses" title="Llengües baltofineses">llengües baltofineses</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura">Sistema d'escriptura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17005381" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17005381">Braille estonià</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P282" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Institució de normalització</th><td class="infobox-data">Institut de l'Idioma Estonià / Eesti Keele Instituut (semioficial)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estudiat per</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1370331" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1370331">estudis estonians</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P2579" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data">et</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data">est</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=est">est</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">SIL</th><td class="infobox-data">est</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/esto1258">esto1258</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/est">est</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P1627" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">1601 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P1251" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">et <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>estonià</b> (<i>eesti keel</i>) és una de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_uralianes" title="Llengües uralianes">llengües uralianes</a>. És parlada per 1 milió d'estonians, principalment a Estònia però també a <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> (descendents dels reassentaments al final del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>) i a <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia" title="Austràlia">Austràlia</a>. Hi ha hagut enclavaments estonians a <a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> i a Rússia; l'enclavament Ilzene i el Lutsi a Ludza, Letònia, no s'extingiren fins al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. </p><p>L'estonià ha estat en contacte amb el <a href="/wiki/Fin%C3%A8s" title="Finès">finès</a> al nord i al nord-est, amb l'<a href="/wiki/Ingri%C3%A0" title="Ingrià">ingrià</a> i el <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2tic" title="Vòtic">vòtic</a> al nord-est, amb el <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">rus</a> a l'est, amb el <a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B3" title="Letó">letó</a> al sud, amb el <a href="/wiki/Livoni%C3%A0" title="Livonià">livonià</a> al sud-oest i amb el <a href="/wiki/Suec" title="Suec">suec</a> a l'oest. Des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span> fins al 1939 va viure a Estònia una població alemanya (16.000 el 1939) i des del mateix temps fins a 1944 també hi va haver una petita població sueca (8.000 el 1939), la qual estava concentrada a la costa nord-occidental i a les illes de <a href="/wiki/Vormsi" title="Vormsi">Vormsi</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhnu (encara no existeix)">Ruhnu</a>. Des de començaments del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> hi ha hagut a la costa occidental del llac Peipsi, a la riva oriental de riu Narva al sud del Ingermanland estonià i a l'oriental, una població russa la qual actualment es xifra en 150.000 persones i uns 450.000 parlants de rus procedents de les ex-Repúbliques soviètiques les quals van arribar a Estònia el 1944-48. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialectes">Dialectes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Dialectes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La llengua estoniana s'ha dividit tradicionalment en sis dialectes, força uniformes i que no mostren gran varietat entre ells: </p> <ul><li>El del Nord o de <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, base de la llengua literària.</li> <li>El del sud o de <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, que manté l'<a href="/wiki/Harmonia_voc%C3%A0lica" title="Harmonia vocàlica">harmonia vocàlica</a>.</li> <li>El de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu" title="Pärnu">Pärnu</a>, proper al <a href="/wiki/Livoni%C3%A0" title="Livonià">livonià</a>.</li> <li>L'insular, a <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiumaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiumaa (encara no existeix)">Hiumaa</a>, influït pel <a href="/wiki/Suec" title="Suec">suec</a></li> <li>El de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Set%C3%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setô (encara no existeix)">Setô</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pihkwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pihkwa (encara no existeix)">Pihkwa</a>, molt russificat.</li> <li>El de Rannameeske o <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B4ru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vôru (encara no existeix)">Vôru</a>, a la costa septentrional, més similar al finlandès.</li></ul> <p>Es calcula que el 95,5% dels estonians tenien com a llengua materna l'estonià. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Característiques"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Característiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Té molta influència del <a href="/wiki/Fin%C3%A8s" title="Finès">finès</a>, sobretot pel que fa al vocabulari: </p> <ul><li>Paraules comunes amb el finès, com <i>kuu</i> (lluna), <i>tuli</i> (foc), <i>maa</i> (terra) i <i>suu</i> (boca).</li> <li>Paraules similars al finès: <i>mees-mies</i> (home), <i>pilv-pilvi</i> (núvol), <i>poeg-poika</i> (fill), <i>härg-harka</i> (bou), <i>pea-pää</i> (cap), <i>õun-omena</i> (poma) i <i>hea-hyvä</i> (bo).</li> <li>Paraules diferents del finès, com <i>õhk-ilma</i> (aire), <i>lill-kukka</i> (flor), <i>linn-kaupunki</i> (vila), <i>rahvas-kansa</i> (poble).</li></ul> <p>S'escriu amb l'<a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> i la seva ortografia és bastant senzilla. Cal destacar que la <a href="/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3_gramatical" title="Declinació gramatical">declinació</a> dels noms i dels adjectius en estonià és molt complexa, ja que compta amb 14 <a href="/wiki/Cas" class="mw-disambig" title="Cas">casos</a> diferents. Com a curiositat, usa el present com a forma de <a href="/wiki/Futur" title="Futur">futur</a> i té una conjugació especial per a les formes impersonals. L'accent recau sempre en la primera síl·laba de la <a href="/wiki/Paraula" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraula">paraula</a>. </p> <ul><li>Té un complicat sistema d'alternança quantitativa, sigui vocàlica (fins a 4) o consonàntica (fins a 3). És l'única llengua que manté una alternança de tres vocals contrastives i consonants llargues com a <i>vara</i> (aviat), <i>vaara</i> (dalt del turó) i <i>vaara</i> (turonet, partitiu), i a <i>lina</i> (lli), <i>linna</i> (de la ciutat) o <i>linna</i> (a la ciutat). Les dues NN es pronuncien com a NY.</li> <li>Pas de G, D i B sordes a SH, Z, ZH i TX davant O (com A romanès o Y rus).</li> <li>Emmudiment de la H inicial baltofínica.</li> <li>Palataltizació de les dentals davant I i J.</li> <li>Té un total d'11 vocals.</li> <li>Manté certes afinitats de vocabulari amb les altres llengües uralianes, com <i>vask</i> (coure), que es correspon al <i>vas</i> (ferro) en <a href="/wiki/Hongar%C3%A8s" title="Hongarès">hongarès</a> i <i>basa</i> (ferro) en <a href="/wiki/Nganasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nganasan">nganasan</a>.</li> <li>Té nombroses consonants curtes i llargues, com <i>osta</i> (compro) i <i>osta</i> [pron. <i>ossta</i>] (comprar), i <i>taevas</i> (cel) i <i>taevas</i> [pron. <i>taēvas</i>] (al cel).</li> <li>L'estructura de la frase és semblant a la de l'<a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">alemany</a>, amb tendència a posar el verb auxiliar en segona posició, mentre que la resta del verb complex es posa al final de la frase, com a <i>mehed olid ammu koju jõudnud</i> (Els homes han anat a casa per molt temps; literalment, homes han ells llarg temps a casa anat).</li> <li>Compta amb uns 14 casos, com el finlandès.</li> <li>Ha desenvolupat prefixos verbals separables amb significació aspectual i adverbial (influència de l'eslau i de l'alemany), com a <i>ära sööma</i> (menjar, perfectiu), <i>ta sōi kala ära</i> (ell va menjar peix), <i>ta sōi kala</i> (ell està menjant peix) i <i>ta hakkas kala ära sööma</i> (ell comença a menjar peix).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alguns lingüistes creuen que els parlants dels dos principals grups <a href="/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte">dialectals</a> històrics de la llengua, l'estonià del nord i l'<a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0_meridional" title="Estonià meridional">estonià del sud</a>, van arribat al que avui es Estònia en almenys dues onades de migratories diferents fa més de dos mil·lennis, ja que tots dos grups parlaven llengües vernacles considerablement diferents.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'estonià estàndard modern va evolucionar en els segles XVIII i XIX sobre la base dels dialectes del nord d'Estònia. </p><p>Durant els períodes medieval i modern, l'estonià va agafar molts <a href="/wiki/Manlleu_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Manlleu (lingüística)">préstecs</a> de <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_germ%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües germàniques">llengües germàniques</a>, principalment del <a href="/wiki/Mitj%C3%A0_baix_alemany" title="Mitjà baix alemany">mitjà baix alemany</a> (saxó mitjà) i, després de la <a href="/wiki/Reforma_Protestant" title="Reforma Protestant">reforma protestant</a> del segle XVI, de l'<a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">alemany estàndard</a>. </p><p>Els registres escrits més antics de les llengües baltofineses d'Estònia daten del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>. Al <i>Originates Livoniae</i> a la <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B2nica_d%27Enric_de_Liv%C3%B2nia" title="Crònica d'Enric de Livònia">Crònica d'Enric de Livònia</a> conté topònims estonians, paraules i fragments de frases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura_estoniana">Literatura estoniana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Literatura estoniana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Literatura_estoniana" title="Literatura estoniana">Literatura estoniana</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/208px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/312px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/416px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><i>Gramàtica estoniana</i> de Henrich Stahl, publicat a <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> l'any 1637</figcaption></figure> <p>Les primeres mostres existents d'estonià connectat (nord) són les anomenades oracions de Kullamaa que daten de 1524 i 1528.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>La primera <a href="/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica">gramàtica</a> va ser obra d'un pastor <a href="/wiki/Luteranisme" title="Luteranisme">luterà</a>, per fer la <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a> accessible als habitants d'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a>, però que mai va arribar al lector i va ser destruït immediatament després de la seva publicació. Les influències de l'<a href="/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany">alemany</a> en la sintaxi són evidents. </p><p>El primer llibre estonià existent és una traducció bilingüe alemany-estonià del catecisme luterà de S. Wanradt i J. Koell que data de 1535, durant el període de la <a href="/wiki/Reforma_Protestant" title="Reforma Protestant">reforma protestant</a>. L'any 1637, va ser imprès un llibre de gramàtica estoniana en alemany per a ser utilitzat per sacerdots protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/Nou_Testament" title="Nou Testament">Nou Testament</a> va ser traduït en <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ro" title="Võro">estònia meridional</a> el 1686 (i estonià del nord, el 1715). Les dues llengües es van unir basant-se en l'estonià septentrional per Anton thor Helle. </p><p>La primera gramàtica d'estonià septentrional va ésser escrita per Heinrich Stahl (1600-1657) i la primera gramàtica meridional per Johann Gutsleff el 1648. Ambdues llengües literàries van ésser desenvolupades primer per pastors luterans d'origen alemany amb el propòsit de fer les Escriptures accessibles a qualsevol a la seva llengua nadiua. El 1766 apareix el primer diari estonià que es publica setmanalment. El retrocés del dialecte meridional Tartu comença al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, després que Anton Thor Helle (1683-1748) va publicar la seva gramàtica en estonià septentrional i especialment de què fos traduïda <a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%ADblia" class="mw-redirect" title="La Bíblia">la Bíblia</a> a aquest dialecte sota la supervisió de Helle el 1739. La declinació de l'estonià meridional es va completar a la segona meitat del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Perno_Postimees,_Nr_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/205px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/308px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png/410px-Perno_Postimees%2C_Nr_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2781" /></a><figcaption>El 1857, el primer setmanari estonià <i>Perno Postimees</i> donava la benvinguda als lectors amb les paraules "<i>Terre, armas Eesti rahwas!</i>" ("Hola, estimat poble estonià!")</figcaption></figure> <p>El naixement de la literatura nativa estoniana va ser durant el període de 1810-1820, quan es van publicar els poemes patriòtics i filosòfics de <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Jaak_Peterson" title="Kristian Jaak Peterson">Kristjan Jaak Peterson</a>. Peterson, que va ser el primer estudiant a reconèixer el seu origen estonià a la llavors Universitat de Dorpat en llengua alemanya, és generalment considerat com un herald de la literatura nacional estoniana i considerat el fundador de la poesia estoniana moderna. El seu aniversari, el 14 de març, se celebra a Estònia com el Dia de la Llengua Materna.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un fragment del poema de Peterson "Kuu" expressa la reivindicació de restablir el dret de naixement de la llengua estoniana: </p> <dl><dd><i>Kas siis selle maa keel</i></dd> <dd><i>Laulutuules ei või</i></dd> <dd><i>Taevani tõustes üles</i></dd> <dd><i>Igavikku omale otsida?</i></dd></dl> <p>En català: </p> <dl><dd>Pot la llengua d'aquesta terra</dd> <dd>Al vent de l'encanteri</dd> <dd>Aixeca't al cel</dd> <dd>No buscar l'eternitat? <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>Kristjan Jaak Peterson</i></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Des del 1840, el metge i escriptor Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald va fer significatives contribucions al crear una terminologia mèdica, química i geogràfica que va emprar als seus llibres de text i va popularitzar en escriptures sobre la salut i el coneixement en general. Amb el ressorgiment del nacionalisme, l'estonià va passar d'ésser una llengua rural a una altra d'unificada i universal. D'ençà aquell moment s'han publicat diccionaris i s'han creat institucions per a la regulació de la llengua. </p><p>En el període de 1525 a 1917, es van publicar 14.503 títols en estonià; en comparació, entre 1918 i 1940, es van publicar 23.868 títols.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En temps moderns, autors com A. H. Tammsaare, Jaan Kross, i <a href="/wiki/Andrus_Kivir%C3%A4hk" title="Andrus Kivirähk">Andrus Kivirähk</a> són els escriptors més coneguts i traduïts d'Estònia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llengua_oficial">Llengua oficial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Llengua oficial"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els escrits en estonià es van fer significatius només al segle XIX amb la difusió de les idees de l'<a href="/wiki/Il%C2%B7lustraci%C3%B3" title="Il·lustració">Il·lustració</a>, durant un període conegut a Estònia com l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_d%27Il%C2%B7lustraci%C3%B3_est%C3%B2fila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era d'Il·lustració estòfila (encara no existeix)">Era d'Il·lustració estòfila</a> (1750-1840). Encara que els <a href="/wiki/Alemanys_b%C3%A0ltics" title="Alemanys bàltics">alemanys bàltics</a> en general consideraven que el futur dels estonians acabaria sent el d'una fusió cultural amb ells, la classe educada dels estonians admirava l'antiga cultura dels estonians i la seva era de llibertat abans de les conquestes dels danesos i alemanys al segle XIII.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quan es va establir la <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">República d'Estònia</a> el 1918, l'estonià es va convertir en la <a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">llengua oficial</a> del nou país independent. Immediatament després de la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">Segona Guerra Mundial</a>, l'any 1945, més del 97% de la població d'Estònia es va autoidentificar com a estonians nadius<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i parlava la llengua habitualment. </p><p>Quan Estònia va ser envaïda i reocupada per l'<a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_Roig" title="Exèrcit Roig">exèrcit soviètic</a> el 1944, l'estatus de la llengua estoniana va canviar i va passar a ser a una de les dues llengües oficials de la novament creada <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A8tica_d%27Est%C3%B2nia" title="República Socialista Soviètica d'Estònia">República Socialista Soviètica d'Estònia</a> (sent-ne el rus l'altra).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molts immigrants de Rússia van inmigrar a Estònia sota l'encoratjament del govern soviètic. En la dècada de 1970, la pressió del bilingüisme per als estonians es va intensificar. Tot i que l'ensenyament de l'estonià als no estonians a les escoles locals era formalment obligatori, a la pràctica, l'ensenyament i l'aprenentatge de la llengua estoniana per part dels parlants de rus sovint era considerat innecessari per les autoritats soviètiques.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1991, amb la restauració de la independència d'Estònia, l'estonià va tornar a ser l'única llengua oficial a Estònia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desde 2004, any en què Estònia es va unir a la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a>, la llengua estoniana és també una de les (ara 24) <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_de_la_Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Llengües de la Unió Europea">llengües oficials de la UE</a>. </p><p>El retorn dels immigrants soviètics als seus països d'origen a la fi del segle XX ha fet que la proporció de parlants nadius d'Estònia hagi tornat ara per sobre del 70%. Gran part dels immigrants de primera i segona generació a Estònia han adoptat ara la llengua estoniana (més del 50% segons el cens de 2022).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literatura_estoniana" title="Literatura estoniana">Literatura estoniana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=996236">Language Policy in Estonia</a>» (en castellà).  Noves SL.: Revista de sociolingüística.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKurman1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kurman</span>, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=owQBH74N8CIC&redir_esc=y"><i>The Development of Written Estonian</i></a> (en anglès).  Londres: Taylor & Francis Group, 1997. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0700708901" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0700708901">ISBN 0700708901</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Written+Estonian&rft.aulast=Kurman&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1997&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.place=Londres&rft.isbn=0700708901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DowQBH74N8CIC%26redir_esc%3Dy"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDalby2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dalby</span>, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=CnckpL8auSIC&redir_esc=y"><i>Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages</i></a> (en anglès). reimpresa, revisada.  Nova York: Columbia University Press, 2004, p. 182. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0231115695" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0231115695">ISBN 0231115695</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Languages%3A+The+Definitive+Reference+to+More+Than+400+Languages&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=reimpresa%2C+revisada&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pages=182&rft.isbn=0231115695&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnckpL8auSIC%26redir_esc%3Dy"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFO'Connor2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">O'Connor</span>, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=IpR0-OrrwssC&pg=PA126&redir_esc=y"><i>Culture and Customs of the Baltic States</i></a> (en anglès).  Westport, CT: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2004, p. 126. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0313014841" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0313014841">ISBN 0313014841</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Baltic+States&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=126&rft.isbn=0313014841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIpR0-OrrwssC%26pg%3DPA126%26redir_esc%3Dy"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ivextrans.eu/translated-languages/translation-into-estonian/">Translation into Estonian</a>».</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJansen2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jansen</span>, Ea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=kBZlHdp7tdcC&pg=PA84&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The National Awakening of the Estonian Nation</i></a> (en anglès), 2004, p. 84. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/90-420-0890-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/90-420-0890-3">ISBN 90-420-0890-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Awakening+of+the+Estonian+Nation&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=Ea&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=84&rft.isbn=90-420-0890-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBZlHdp7tdcC%26pg%3DPA84%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFColin1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Colin</span>, Baker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC&pg=PA207&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education</i></a> (en anglès), 1998, p. 207. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-85359-362-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-85359-362-1">ISBN 1-85359-362-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Bilingualism+and+Bilingual+Education&rft.aulast=Colin&rft.aufirst=Baker&rft.date=1998&rft.pages=207&rft.isbn=1-85359-362-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgtSqB9oqDIC%26pg%3DPA207%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111175346/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/estonie.htm">Estonie</a>» (en francès).  L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/estonie.htm">original</a> el 2012-11-11. [Consulta: 15 juny 2024].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoni%C3%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonian_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Estonian language">Estonià</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dict.com/estonia-catala">Diccionari estonià-català i català-estonià en línia</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33663753"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Hi ha una <i><b><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="et:">edició en estonià</a></b></i> de la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia" title="Viquipèdia">Viquipèdia</a></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Llengües_ugrofineses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCesugrofineses" title="Plantilla:Llengüesugrofineses"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Llengües_ugrofineses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ugrofineses" title="Llengües ugrofineses">Llengües ugrofineses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_%C3%BAgriques" title="Llengües úgriques">Úgriques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongar%C3%A8s" title="Hongarès">Hongarès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiac" title="Ostiac">Khanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogul" title="Vogul">Mansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_p%C3%A8rmiques" title="Llengües pèrmiques">Pèrmiques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komi" title="Komi">Komi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komi-permi%C3%A0" title="Komi-permià">Komi-permià</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt" title="Udmurt">Udmurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_fino-volgaiques" title="Llengües fino-volgaiques">Fino-Volgaiques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mari_(llengua)" title="Mari (llengua)">Mari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Txerem%C3%ADs_occidental" title="Txeremís occidental">occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txerem%C3%ADs_oriental" title="Txeremís oriental">oriental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_mordovianes" title="Llengües mordovianes">Mordovià</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzya" title="Erzya">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokxa_(llengua)" title="Mokxa (llengua)">Mokxa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merya" title="Merya">Merya</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meixtxeri%C3%A0" title="Meixtxerià">Meixtxerià</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromi%C3%A0" title="Muromià">Muromià</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sami" title="Llengües sami">Sami</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sami_d%27Akkala" title="Sami d'Akkala">Sami d'Akkala</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_d%27Inari" title="Sami d'Inari">Sami d'Inari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_de_Kainuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami de Kainuu (encara no existeix)">Sami de Kainuu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_de_Kemi" title="Sami de Kemi">Sami de Kemi</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_kildin" title="Sami kildin">Sami kildin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_skolt" title="Sami skolt">Sami skolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_de_Ter" title="Sami de Ter">Sami de Ter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_de_Lule" title="Sami de Lule">Sami de Lule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_septentrional" title="Sami septentrional">Sami septentrional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_de_Pite" title="Sami de Pite">Sami de Pite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_meridional" title="Sami meridional">Sami meridional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_d%27Ume" title="Sami d'Ume">Sami d'Ume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_baltofineses" title="Llengües baltofineses">Baltofineses</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonià</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0_meridional" title="Estonià meridional">meridional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ro" title="Võro">Võro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin%C3%A8s" title="Finès">Finès</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kven" title="Kven">Kven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%A4nkieli" title="Meänkieli">Meänkieli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingri%C3%A0" title="Ingrià">Ingrià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careli%C3%A0" title="Carelià">Carelià</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livvi-careli%C3%A0" title="Livvi-carelià">Livvi-carelià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludi_(llengua)" title="Ludi (llengua)">Ludi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livoni%C3%A0" title="Livonià">Livonià</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepse" title="Vepse">Vepse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2tic" title="Vòtic">Vòtic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† = llengua extingida</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11931289v">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4120175-9">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85044985">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562052">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Txeca" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Txeca">NKC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135296&CON_LNG=ENG">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/estoni%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:estonià">Viccionari</a></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estonià&oldid=33895134">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estonià&oldid=33895134</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" 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