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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_(1958–1969)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_(1958–1969)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history (1958–1969) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_(1958–1969)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history_(1970–1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history_(1970–1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Later history (1970–1980) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history_(1970–1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history_(1981–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history_(1981–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Recent history (1981–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history_(1981–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_program_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_program_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Current program offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_program_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Former offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Projects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Projects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Active projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_or_transitioned_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_or_transitioned_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Past or transitioned projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_or_transitioned_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notable fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">DARPA</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="داربا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داربا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%A8ncia_d%27Investigacions_de_Projectes_Avan%C3%A7ats_de_Defensa" title="Agència d'Investigacions de Projectes Avançats de Defensa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Agència d'Investigacions de Projectes Avançats de Defensa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_Proyectos_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n_Avanzados_de_Defensa" title="Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzados de Defensa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzados de Defensa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="دارپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دارپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%B1%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D%EA%B5%AD" title="방위고등연구계획국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방위고등연구계획국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D" title="თავდაცვის მოწინავე კვლევითი პროექტების სააგენტო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თავდაცვის მოწინავე კვლევითი პროექტების სააგენტო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB" title="ဒါပါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒါပါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E5%B1%80" title="国防高等研究計画局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国防高等研究計画局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Управление перспективных исследовательских проектов Министерства обороны США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление перспективных исследовательских проектов Министерства обороны США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencija_za_napredne_obrambne_analize_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Agencija za napredne obrambne analize Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Agencija za napredne obrambne analize Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="DARPA" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="ดาร์ปา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาร์ปา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Technology research and development agency of the U.S. Department of Defense</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the US military research agency. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/DARPA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="DARPA (disambiguation)">DARPA (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:DARPA_Logo_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DARPA_Logo_2010.png/220px-DARPA_Logo_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DARPA_Logo_2010.png/330px-DARPA_Logo_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/DARPA_Logo_2010.png/440px-DARPA_Logo_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="1895" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:DARPA_HQ_(52368078715).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg/220px-DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg/330px-DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg/440px-DARPA_HQ_%2852368078715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3725" data-file-height="3725" /></a> Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Ballston,_Virginia" title="Ballston, Virginia">Ballston</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> in 2022</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">February 7, 1958; 66 years ago (1958-02-07) (as ARPA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Advanced Research Projects Agency</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">675 North Randolph St., <a href="/wiki/Ballston,_Virginia" title="Ballston, Virginia">Ballston, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">220<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$4.122 billion (FY2024)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Tompkins" title="Stefanie Tompkins">Stefanie Tompkins</a>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil">www.darpa.mil</a></td></tr></tbody></table>The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> agency of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Originally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the agency was created on February 7, 1958, by President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> launching of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> in 1957. By collaborating with academia, industry, and government partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate <a href="/wiki/U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. military">U.S. military</a> requirements.<a href="#cite_note-Commission2008-5">[5]</a> The name of the organization first changed from its founding name, ARPA, to DARPA, in March 1972, changing back to ARPA in February 1993, then reverted to DARPA in March 1996.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> has called DARPA "the agency that shaped the modern world," with technologies like "<a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine</a> ... <a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">weather satellites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">stealth technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voice_user_interface" title="Voice user interface">voice interfaces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> on the list of innovations for which DARPA can claim at least partial credit."<a href="#cite_note-Economist-7">[7]</a> Its track record of success has inspired governments around the world to launch similar research and development agencies.<a href="#cite_note-Economist-7">[7]</a> DARPA is independent of other military research and development and reports directly to senior Department of Defense management. DARPA comprises approximately 220 government employees in six technical offices, including nearly 100 program managers, who together oversee about 250 research and development programs.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The agency's current director, appointed in March 2021, is <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Tompkins" title="Stefanie Tompkins">Stefanie Tompkins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission">edit</a>]</div> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit">[update]</a>, their mission statement is "to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv/220px--DARPA_through_50_years.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="147" data-durationhint="362" data-mwtitle="DARPA_through_50_years.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:DARPA_through_50_years.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="216" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv/DARPA_through_50_years.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>DARPA achievements for the past 50 years</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_(1958–1969)">Early history (1958–1969)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history (1958–1969)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DARPA_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/220px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/330px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DARPA_headquarters.jpg/440px-DARPA_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>DARPA's former headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Square,_Virginia" title="Virginia Square, Virginia">Virginia Square</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>. The agency is currently located in a new building at 675 North Randolph St.</figcaption></figure>The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was suggested by the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Scientific_Advisory_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Scientific Advisory Committee">President's Scientific Advisory Committee</a> to President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> in a meeting called after the launch of Sputnik.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> ARPA was formally authorized by President Eisenhower in 1958 for the purpose of forming and executing research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, and able to reach far beyond immediate military requirements.<a href="#cite_note-Commission2008-5">[5]</a> The two relevant acts are the Supplemental Military Construction Authorization (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Air Force</a>)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> (Public Law 85-325) and Department of Defense Directive 5105.15, in February 1958. It was placed within the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and counted approximately 150 people.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Its creation was directly attributed to the launching of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik">Sputnik</a> and to U.S. realization that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had developed the capacity to rapidly exploit military technology. Initial funding of ARPA was $520 million.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards20-14">[14]</a> ARPA's first director, Roy Johnson, left a $160,000 management job at General Electric for an $18,000 job at ARPA.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards21-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_York" title="Herbert York">Herbert York</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> was hired as his scientific assistant.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards21a-16">[16]</a> Johnson and York were both keen on space projects, but when <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> was established later in 1958 all space projects and most of ARPA's funding were transferred to it. Johnson resigned and ARPA was repurposed to do "high-risk", "high-gain", "far out" basic research, a posture that was enthusiastically embraced by the nation's scientists and research universities.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards21,22-17">[17]</a> ARPA's second director was Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, who resigned in early 1961 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruina" title="Jack Ruina">Jack Ruina</a> who served until 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards23,24-18">[18]</a> Ruina, the first scientist to administer ARPA, managed to raise its budget to $250 million.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards23-19">[19]</a> It was Ruina who hired <a href="/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a> as the first administrator of the <a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Techniques_Office" title="Information Processing Techniques Office">Information Processing Techniques Office</a>, which played a vital role in creation of <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, the basis for the future Internet.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards27-39-20">[20]</a> Additionally, the political and defense communities recognized the need for a high-level Department of Defense organization to formulate and execute R&D projects that would expand the frontiers of technology beyond the immediate and specific requirements of the Military Services and their laboratories. In pursuit of this mission, DARPA has developed and transferred technology programs encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines that address the full spectrum of national security needs. From 1958 to 1965, ARPA's emphasis centered on major national issues, including space, <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missile defense">ballistic missile defense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear test">nuclear test</a> detection.<a href="#cite_note-Wizards23a-21">[21]</a> During 1960, all of its civilian space programs were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>) and the military space programs to the individual services.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> This allowed ARPA to concentrate its efforts on the Project Defender (defense against ballistic missiles), <a href="/wiki/Project_Vela" title="Project Vela">Project Vela</a> (nuclear test detection), and <a href="/wiki/Project_AGILE" title="Project AGILE">Project AGILE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a> R&D) programs, and to begin work on computer processing, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral sciences">behavioral sciences</a>, and materials sciences. The DEFENDER and AGILE programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>, and directed energy R&D, particularly in the study of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> sensing, and <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">x-ray</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a> detection. ARPA at this point (1959) played an early role in <a href="/wiki/Transit_(satellite)" title="Transit (satellite)">Transit</a> (also called NavSat) a predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a> (GPS).<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> "Fast-forward to 1959 when a joint effort between DARPA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory began to fine-tune the early explorers' discoveries. TRANSIT, sponsored by the Navy and developed under the leadership of Richard Kirschner at Johns Hopkins, was the first satellite positioning system."<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-gap-25">[25]</a> During the late 1960s, with the transfer of these mature programs to the Services, ARPA redefined its role and concentrated on a diverse set of relatively small, essentially exploratory research programs. The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Concerning information processing, DARPA made great progress, initially through its support of the development of <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</a>. All modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the <a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a> system, developed by a cooperation among <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, which DARPA supported by funding <a href="/wiki/Project_MAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MAC">Project MAC</a> at <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> with an initial two-million-dollar grant.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> DARPA supported the evolution of the <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> (the first wide-area packet switching network), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> and research in the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of <a href="/wiki/Shakey_the_robot" title="Shakey the robot">Shakey the robot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ieee-27">[27]</a> DARPA also supported the early development of both <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">hypermedia</a>. DARPA funded one of the first two hypertext systems, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">NLS</a> computer system, as well as <a href="/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos" title="The Mother of All Demos">The Mother of All Demos</a>. DARPA later funded the development of the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Movie_Map" title="Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a>, which is generally seen as the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history_(1970–1980)">Later history (1970–1980)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later history (1970–1980)">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield#Mansfield_Amendments" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield Amendment</a> of 1973 expressly limited appropriations for defense research (through ARPA/DARPA) only to projects with direct military application. The resulting "<a href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight" title="Human capital flight">brain drain</a>" is credited with boosting the development of the fledgling personal computer industry. Some young computer scientists left the universities to startups and private research laboratories such as <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Xerox PARC</a>. Between 1976 and 1981, DARPA's major projects were dominated by air, land, sea, and space technology, tactical armor and anti-armor programs, infrared sensing for space-based surveillance, high-energy laser technology for space-based missile defense, antisubmarine warfare, advanced cruise missiles, advanced aircraft, and defense applications of advanced computing. Many of the successful programs were transitioned to the Services, such as the foundation technologies in <a href="/wiki/Automatic_target_recognition" title="Automatic target recognition">automatic target recognition</a>, space-based sensing, propulsion, and materials that were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative Organization</a> (SDIO), later known as the <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_Missile_Defense_Organization" title="Ballistic Missile Defense Organization">Ballistic Missile Defense Organization</a> (BMDO), now titled the <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a> (MDA). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history_(1981–present)">Recent history (1981–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent history (1981–present)">edit</a>]</div> During the 1980s, the attention of the Agency was centered on information processing and aircraft-related programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_X-30" title="Rockwell X-30">National Aerospace Plane (NASP)</a> or Hypersonic Research Program. The Strategic Computing Program enabled DARPA to exploit advanced processing and networking technologies and to rebuild and strengthen relationships with universities after the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. In addition, DARPA began to pursue new concepts for small, lightweight satellites (<a href="/w/index.php?title=LIGHTSAT_(DARPA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LIGHTSAT (DARPA) (page does not exist)">LIGHTSAT</a>) and directed new programs regarding defense manufacturing, submarine technology, and armor/anti-armor. In 1981, two engineers, Robert McGhee and Kenneth Waldron, started to develop the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle (ASV) nicknamed the "Walker" at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>, under a research contract from DARPA.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The vehicle was 17 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 10.5 feet high, and had six legs to support its three-ton aluminum body, in which it was designed to carry cargo over difficult terrains. However, DARPA lost interest in the ASV, after problems with cold-weather tests.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> On February 4, 2004, the agency shut down its so called "LifeLog Project". The project's aim would have been, "to gather in a single place just about everything an individual says, sees or does".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On October 28, 2009, the agency broke ground on a new facility in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> a few miles from <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In fall 2011, DARPA hosted the <a href="/wiki/100_Year_Starship" title="100 Year Starship">100-Year Starship</a> Symposium with the aim of getting the public to start thinking seriously about interstellar travel.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> On June 5, 2016, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and DARPA announced that it planned to build new <a href="/wiki/List_of_X-planes" title="List of X-planes">X-planes</a> with <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s plan setting to create a whole series of X planes over the next 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-Building_X_Planes-33">[33]</a> Between 2014 and 2016, DARPA shepherded the first <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_agent" title="Intelligent agent">machine-to-machine</a> computer security competition, the <a href="/wiki/Cyber_Grand_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber Grand Challenge">Cyber Grand Challenge</a> (CGC), bringing a group of top-notch computer security experts to search for security <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">exploit</a> them, and create fixes that patch those vulnerabilities in a fully automated fashion.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> It is one of <a href="/wiki/DARPA_Prize_Competitions" title="DARPA Prize Competitions">DARPA prize competitions</a> to spur innovations. In June 2018, DARPA leaders demonstrated a number of new technologies that were developed within the framework of the <a href="/wiki/DARPA_GXV-T" title="DARPA GXV-T">GXV-T</a> program. The goal of this program is to create a lightly armored combat vehicle of not very large dimensions, which, due to maneuverability and other tricks, can successfully resist modern <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank weapon">anti-tank weapon</a> systems.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In September 2020, DARPA and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">US Air Force</a> announced that the <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_Air-breathing_Weapon_Concept" title="Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept">Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept</a> (HAWC) are ready for free-flight tests within the next year.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coleman" title="Victoria Coleman">Victoria Coleman</a> became the director of DARPA in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-38">[38]</a> In recent years, DARPA officials have contracted out core functions to corporations. For example, during fiscal year 2020, Chenega ran physical security on DARPA's premises,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> System High Corp. carried out program security,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> and Agile Defense ran unclassified IT services.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> General Dynamics runs classified IT services.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Strategic Analysis Inc. provided support services regarding engineering, science, mathematics, and front office and administrative work.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">DARPA history</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/240px--01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" height="120" data-durationhint="466" data-mwtitle="01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_(DARPA_history).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A01_The_Formative_Years_1958_-_1975_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">The formative years (1958–1975)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/240px--02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" height="120" data-durationhint="407" data-mwtitle="02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_(DARPA_history).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A02_-_The_Cold_War_Era_1975_-_1989_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cold War era (1975–1989)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/240px--03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" height="120" data-durationhint="564" data-mwtitle="03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_(DARPA_history).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv/03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A03_-_The_Post-Soviet_Years_1989_-_Present_2008_%28DARPA_history%29.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Post-Soviet years (1989–present)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_program_offices">Current program offices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Current program offices">edit</a>]</div> DARPA has six technical offices that manage the agency's research portfolio, and two additional offices that manage special projects.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> All offices report to the DARPA director, including: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Defense_Sciences_Office" title="Defense Sciences Office">Defense Sciences Office (DSO)</a>: DSO identifies and pursues high-risk, high-payoff research initiatives across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines and transforms them into important, new game-changing technologies for U.S. national security. Current DSO themes include novel materials and structures, sensing and measurement, computation and processing, enabling operations, collective intelligence, and global change.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Information_Innovation_Office" title="Information Innovation Office">Information Innovation Office (I2O)</a> aims to ensure U.S. technological superiority in all areas where information can provide a decisive military advantage.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Microsystems_Technology_Office" title="Microsystems Technology Office">Microsystems Technology Office (MTO)</a> core mission is the development of high-performance, intelligent microsystems and next-generation components to ensure U.S. dominance in Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), Electronic Warfare (EW), and Directed Energy (DE). The effectiveness, survivability, and lethality of systems that relate to these applications depend critically on microsystems and components.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Technology_Office_(DARPA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Technology Office (DARPA)">Strategic Technology Office (STO)</a> mission is to focus on technologies that have a global theater-wide impact and that involve multiple Services.<a href="#cite_note-darpa.mil-49">[49]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Technology_Office_(DARPA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Technology Office (DARPA) (page does not exist)">Tactical Technology Office (TTO)</a> engages in high-risk, high-payoff advanced military research, emphasizing the "system" and "subsystem" approach to the development of aeronautic, space, and land systems as well as embedded processors and control systems</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Biological_Technologies_Office_(DARPA)" title="Biological Technologies Office (DARPA)">Biological Technologies Office (BTO)</a> fosters, demonstrates, and transitions breakthrough fundamental research, discoveries, and applications that integrate biology, engineering, and computer science for national security. Created in April 2014 by then Director <a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a>, taking programs from the MTO and DSO offices.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_offices">Former offices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former offices">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Execution_Office" title="Adaptive Execution Office">Adaptive Execution Office (AEO)</a> was created in 2009 by the DARPA Director, <a href="/wiki/Regina_Dugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina Dugan">Regina Dugan</a>. The office's four project areas included technology transition, assessment, rapid <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_system" title="Adaptive system">adaptive systems</a>. AEO provided the agency with robust connections to the warfighter community and assisted the agency with the planning and execution of technology demonstrations and field trials to promote adoption by the warfighter, accelerating the transition of new technologies into DoD capabilities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Awareness_Office" title="Information Awareness Office">Information Awareness Office</a>: 2002–2003</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Technology_Office_(DARPA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Technology Office (DARPA) (page does not exist)">Advanced Technology Office (ATO)</a> researched, demonstrated, and developed high payoff projects in maritime, communications, special operations, command and control, and information assurance and survivability mission areas.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Special_Projects_Office_(DARPA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Projects Office (DARPA)">Special Projects Office (SPO)</a> researched, developed, demonstrated, and transitioned technologies focused on addressing present and emerging national challenges. SPO investments ranged from the development of enabling technologies to the demonstration of large prototype systems. SPO developed technologies to counter the emerging threat of underground facilities used for purposes ranging from command-and-control, to weapons storage and staging, to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. SPO developed significantly more cost-effective ways to counter proliferated, inexpensive cruise missiles, UAVs, and other platforms used for weapon delivery, jamming, and surveillance. SPO invested in novel space technologies across the spectrum of space control applications including rapid access, space situational awareness, counterspace, and persistent tactical grade sensing approaches including extremely large space apertures and structures.</li> <li>The Office of Special Development (OSD) in the 1960s developed a real-time <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, monitoring, and predictive activity system on trails used by insurgents in Laos, Cambodia, and the Republic of Vietnam. This was done from an office in Bangkok, Thailand, that was ostensibly established to catalog and support the Thai fishing fleet, of which two volumes were published. This is a personal recollection without a published citation. A report on the ARPA group under which OSD operated is found here.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul> A 1991 reorganization created several offices which existed throughout the early 1990s:<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Systems_Technology_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronic Systems Technology Office (page does not exist)">Electronic Systems Technology Office</a> combined areas of the Defense Sciences Office and the Defense Manufacturing Office. This new office will focus on the boundary between general-purpose computers and the physical world, such as sensors, displays and the first few layers of specialized signal-processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Software_and_Intelligent_Systems_Technology_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office (page does not exist)">Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Computing_Systems_office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computing Systems office (page does not exist)">Computing Systems office</a> will have responsibility associated with the Presidential High-Performance Computing Initiative. The Software office will also be responsible for "software systems technology, <a href="/wiki/Machine_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine intelligence">machine intelligence</a> and software engineering."</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_Systems_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land Systems Office (page does not exist)">Land Systems Office</a> was created to develop advanced land vehicle and anti-armor systems, once the domain of the Tactical Technology Office.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undersea_Warfare_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undersea Warfare Office (page does not exist)">Undersea Warfare Office</a> combined areas of the Advanced Vehicle Systems and Tactical Technology offices to develop and demonstrate submarine stealth and counter-stealth and automation.</li></ul> A 2010 reorganization merged two offices: <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformational_Convergence_Technology_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transformational Convergence Technology Office (page does not exist)">Transformational Convergence Technology Office (TCTO)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Techniques_Office" title="Information Processing Techniques Office">Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)</a> were combined in 2010 to form the <a href="/wiki/Information_Innovation_Office" title="Information Innovation Office">Information Innovation Office (I2O)</a>. <ul><li>TCTO's mission was to develop new crosscutting capabilities from a broad range of emerging technological and social trends, particularly in areas related to computing and computing-reliant subareas of the life sciences, social sciences, manufacturing, and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-darpa.mil-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>IPTO focused on inventing the sensing, networking, computing, and software technologies vital to ensuring DOD military superiority.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects">Projects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Projects">edit</a>]</div> A list of DARPA's active and archived projects is available on the agency's website. Because of the agency's fast pace, programs constantly start and stop based on the needs of the U.S. government. Structured information about some of the DARPA's contracts and projects is publicly available.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_projects">Active projects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Active projects">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible">This section has multiple issues. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/DARPA" title="Special:EditPage/DARPA">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:DARPA" title="Talk:DARPA">talk page</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2016)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a> may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2017)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>AdvaNced airCraft Infrastructure-Less Launch And RecoverY X-Plane (ANCILLARY) (2022): The program is to develop and demonstrate a vertical takeoff and landing (<a href="/wiki/VTOL" title="VTOL">VTOL</a>) plane that can launch without the supporting infrastructure, with low-weight, high-payload, and long-endurance capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In June 2023, DARPA selected nine companies to produce initial operational system and demonstration system conceptual designs for an uncrewed aerial system (UAS).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC) (2023): It is a two-year competition to identify and fix software vulnerabilities using AI in partnership with Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI which will provide their expertise and their platforms for this competition.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> There will be a semifinal phase and the final phase. Both competitions will be held at <a href="/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON">DEF CON</a> in Las Vegas in 2024 and 2025, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Air Combat Evolution (ACE) (2019): The goal of ACE is to automate air-to-air combat, enabling reaction times at machine speeds.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[62]</a> By using human-machine collaborative dogfighting as its challenge problem, ACE seeks to increase trust in combat autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Eight teams from academia and industry were selected in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[62]</a> In April 2024, DARPA and U.S. Air Force announced that ACE conducted the first-ever in-air dogfighting tests of AI algorithms autonomously flying an F-16 against a human-piloted F-16.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Space_Total_Awareness_for_Rapid_Tactical_Execution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Space Total Awareness for Rapid Tactical Execution (page does not exist)">Air Space Total Awareness for Rapid Tactical Execution</a> (ASTARTE) (2020): The program is conducted in partnership with the Army and Air Force on sensors, artificial intelligence algorithms, and virtual testing environments in order to create an understandable common operating picture when troops are spread out across battlefields<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Atmospheric Water Extraction (AWE) program<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomanufacturing:_Survival,_Utility,_and_Reliability_beyond_Earth_(B-SURE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomanufacturing: Survival, Utility, and Reliability beyond Earth (B-SURE) (page does not exist)">Biomanufacturing: Survival, Utility, and Reliability beyond Earth (B-SURE)</a> (2021): This program aims to address foundational scientific questions to determine how well industrial bio-manufacturing microorganisms perform in space conditions.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) announced in April 2023 that Rhodium-DARPA Biomanufacturing 01 investigation was launched on SpaceX, and ISS crew members are carrying out this project which examines gravity's effect on production of drugs and nutrients from bacteria and yeast.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Big mechanism">Big Mechanism</a>: Cancer research. (2015)<a href="#cite_note-s1-72">[72]</a> The program aims to develop technology to read research abstracts and papers to extract pieces of causal mechanisms, assemble these pieces into more complete causal models, and reason over these models to produce explanations. The domain of the program is cancer biology with an emphasis on signaling pathways. It has a successor program called <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Modelers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Modelers (page does not exist)">World Modelers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>Binary structure inference system: extract software properties from binary code to support repository-based reverse engineering for micro-patching that minimizes lifecycle maintenance and costs (2020).<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackjack_(satellite)" title="Blackjack (satellite)">Blackjack</a> (2017): a program to develop and test military <a href="/wiki/Satellite_constellation" title="Satellite constellation">satellite constellation</a> technologies with a variety of "military-unique sensors and payloads [attached to] commercial <a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite buses</a>. ...as an 'architecture demonstration intending to show the high military utility of global <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> constellations and mesh networks of lower size, weight, and cost spacecraft nodes.' ... The idea is to demonstrate that 'good enough' payloads in LEO can perform military missions, augment existing programs, and potentially perform 'on par or better than currently deployed exquisite space systems.'"<a href="#cite_note-sn20180531`-77">[77]</a> Blue Canyon Technologies,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Raytheon,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and SA Photonics Inc.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> were working on phases 2 and 3 as of fiscal year 2020. On June 12, 2023, DARPA launched four satellites for a technology demonstration in low Earth orbit on the SpaceX Transporter-8 rideshare.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>broadband, electro-magnetic spectrum receiver system: prototype and demonstration<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BlockADE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BlockADE (page does not exist)">BlockADE</a>: Rapidly constructed barrier. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Captive_Air_Amphibious_Transporter" title="DARPA Captive Air Amphibious Transporter">Captive Air Amphibious Transporter</a> (CAAT)<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments ("Causal Exploration") – computerized aid to <a href="/wiki/Military_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Military planning">military planning</a>. (2018)<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Clean-Slate Design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH), a DARPA Transformation Convergence Technology Office (TCTO) initiative<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collaborative_Operations_in_Denied_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment (page does not exist)">Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment</a> (CODE): Modular software architecture for UAVs to pass information to each other in contested environments to identify and engage targets with limited operator direction. (2015)<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Control_of_Revolutionary_Aircraft_with_Novel_Effectors_(CRANE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE) (page does not exist)">Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE)</a> (2019): The program seeks to demonstrate an experimental aircraft design based on active flow control (AFC), which is defined as on-demand addition of energy into a boundary layer in order to maintain, recover, or improve aerodynamic performance. The aim is for CRANE to generally improve aircraft performance and reliability while reducing cost.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In May 2023, DARPA designated the experimental uncrewed aircraft the X-65 which will use banks of compressed air nozzles to execute maneuvers without traditional, exterior-moving flight controls.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Computational_Weapon_Optic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computational Weapon Optic (page does not exist)">Computational Weapon Optic</a> (CWO) (2015): Computer rifle scope that combines various features into one optic.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_Triage_Challenge_(DTC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA Triage Challenge (DTC) (page does not exist)">DARPA Triage Challenge (DTC)</a> (2023): The DTC will use a series of challenge events to spur development of novel physiological features for medical triage. The three-year competition focuses on improving emergency medical response in military and civilian mass casualty incidents.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_XG" title="DARPA XG">DARPA XG (2005)</a> : technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_Rocket_for_Agile_Cislunar_Operations_(DRACO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO)">Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO)</a> (2021): The program is to demonstrate a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_thermal_rocket" title="Nuclear thermal rocket">nuclear thermal rocket</a> (NTR) in orbit by 2027 in collaboration with NASA (nuclear thermal engine) and U.S. Space Force (launch).<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>Detection system consisting of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based assays paired with reconfigurable point-of-need and massively multi-plexed devices for diagnostics and surveillance<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronics_Resurgence_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronics Resurgence Initiative (page does not exist)">Electronics Resurgence Initiative</a> (ERI) (2019): Started in 2019, the initiative aims at both national security capabilities and commercial economic competitiveness and sustainability. These programs emphasize forward-looking partnerships with U.S. industry, the defense industrial base, and university researchers. In 2023, DARPA expanded ERI's focus with the announcement of ERI 2.0 seeking to reinvent domestic microelectronics manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Spaceplane_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental Spaceplane 1">Experimental Spaceplane 1</a> (formerly XS-1): In 2017, Boeing was selected for Phases 2 and 3 for the fabrication and flight of a reusable unmanned space transport after it completed the initial design in Phase 1 as one of the three teams.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In January 2020, Boeing ended its role in the program.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fast_Lightweight_Autonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fast Lightweight Autonomy (page does not exist)">Fast Lightweight Autonomy</a>: Software algorithms that enable small UAVs to fly fast in cluttered environments without <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> or external communications. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>Fast Network Interface Cards (FastNICs): develop and integrate new, clean-slate network subsystems in order to speed up applications, such as the distributed training of machine learning classifiers by 100x.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Perspecta Labs<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and Raytheon BBN<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> were working on FastNICs as of fiscal year 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Application_and_Launch_from_Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Force Application and Launch from Continental United States">Force Application and Launch from Continental United States</a> (FALCON): a research effort to develop a small satellite <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a>. (2008)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> This vehicle is under development by <a href="/wiki/AirLaunch_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="AirLaunch LLC">AirLaunch LLC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li>Gamma Ray Inspection Technology (GRIT) program: research and develop high-intensity, tunable, and narrow-bandwidth gamma ray production in compact, transportable form. This technology can be utilized for discovering smuggled nuclear material in cargo via new inspection techniques, and enabling new medical diagnostics and therapies.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> RadiaBeam Technologies LLC was working on a phase 1 of the program, Laser-Compton approach, in fiscal year 2020.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li>Glide Breaker program: technology for an advanced interceptor capable of engaging maneuvering hypersonic vehicles or missiles in the upper atmosphere. Northrop Grumman<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and Aerojet Rocketdyne<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> were working on this program as of fiscal year 2020.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_Gremlins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA Gremlins (page does not exist)">Gremlins</a> (2015): Air-launched and recoverable <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a> with distributed capabilities to provide low-cost flexibility over expensive multirole platforms.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In October 2021, two X-61 Gremlin air vehicles were tested at the Army's Dugway Proving Ground, Utah.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_GXV-T" title="DARPA GXV-T">Ground X-Vehicle Technology</a> (GXV-T) (2015): This program aims to improve mobility, survivability, safety, and effectiveness of future combat vehicles without piling on armor.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Productivity_Computing_Systems" title="High Productivity Computing Systems">High Productivity Computing Systems</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Operational_Temperature_Sensors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Operational Temperature Sensors (page does not exist)">High Operational Temperature Sensors</a> (HOTS)(2023): The program is to develop sensor microelectronics consisting of transducers, signal conditioning microelectronics, and integration that operate with high bandwidth (>1 MHz) and dynamic range (>90 dB) at extreme temperatures (i.e., at least 800 °C).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIVE_(Hierarchical_Identify_Verify_Exploit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIVE (Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit) (page does not exist)">HIVE (Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit)</a> <a href="/wiki/CPU_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU architecture">CPU architecture</a>. (2017)<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_Air-breathing_Weapon_Concept" title="Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept">Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept</a> (HAWC). This program is a joint DARPA/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> effort that seeks to develop and demonstrate critical technologies to enable an effective and affordable air-launched hypersonic cruise missile.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li>Hypersonic Boost Glide Systems Research<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_virus#Insect_Allies_program" title="Genetically modified virus">Insect Allies</a> (2017–2021)<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Sensor_is_Structure" title="Integrated Sensor is Structure">Integrated Sensor is Structure</a> (ISIS): This was a joint DARPA and U.S. Air Force program to develop a sensor of unprecedented proportions to be fully integrated into a stratospheric airship.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li>Intelligent Integration of Information (I3) in SISTO, 1994–2000 – supported database research and with ARPA CISTO and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> funded the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">NSF</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Library">Digital Library</a> program, that led. a.o. to <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li>Joint All-Domain Warfighting Software (JAWS): software suite featuring automation and <a href="/wiki/Predictive_analytics" title="Predictive analytics">predictive analytics</a> for battle management and command & control with tactical coordination for capture ("target custody") and kill missions.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Systems & Technology Research of Woburn, Massachusetts, is working on this project, with an expected completion date of March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Raytheon is also working on this project, with an expected completion date of April 2022.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems (LUMOS): integrate heterogeneous materials to bring high performance lasers and amplifiers to manufacturable photonics platforms.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> As of fiscal year 2020, the Research Foundation for the State University of New York (SUNY) was working to enable "on-chip optical gain" to integrated photonics platforms, and enable complete photonics functionality "on a single substrate for disruptive optical microsystems."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>LongShot (2021): The program is to demonstrate an unmanned air-launched vehicle (UAV) capable of employing air-to-air weapons.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Phase 1 design work started in early 2021. In June 2023, DARPA awarded a Phase 3 contract to General Atomics for the manufacturing and a flight demonstration in 2025 of an air-launched, flying and potentially recoverable missile carrier.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li>Manta Ray: A 2020 DARPA program to develop a series of autonomous, large-size, <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_underwater_vehicle" title="Unmanned underwater vehicle">unmanned underwater vehicles</a> (UUVs) capable of long-duration missions and having large payload capacities.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In December 2021, DARPA awarded Phase 2 contracts to Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation and Martin Defense Group to work on subsystem testing followed by fabrication and in-water demonstrations of full-scale integrated vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>By May 2024, Manta Ray was not only the descriptor for the DARPA R&D program, but was also the name of a specific prototype UUV built by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>, with initial tests conducted in the Pacific Ocean during 1Q2024. Manta Ray has been designed to be broken down and fit into 5 standard <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">shipping containers</a>, shipped to where it will be deployed, and be reassembled in the theatre of operations where it will be used. DARPA is working with the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> to further test and then transition the technology.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20240513-137">[137]</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Media Forensics (MediFor): A project aimed at automatically spotting digital manipulation in images and videos, including <a href="/wiki/Deepfakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepfakes">Deepfakes</a>. (2018).<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> MediFor largely ended in 2020 and DARPA launched a follow-on program in 2021 called the semantic forensics, or SemaFor.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEMS_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEMS Exchange (page does not exist)">MEMS Exchange</a>: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Implementation Environment (MX)<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li>Millimeter-wave GaN Maturation (MGM) program: develop new GaN transistor technology to attain high-speed and large voltage swing at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> HRL Laboratories LLC, a joint venture between Boeing and General Motors, is working on phase 2 as of fiscal year 2020.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li>Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks (MOABB) program (2015): design free-space optical components (e.g., telescope, bulk lasers with mechanical beam-steering, detectors, electronics) in a single device. Create a wafer-scale system that is one hundred times smaller and lighter than existing systems and can steer the optical beam far faster than mechanical components. Research and design electronic-photonic unit cells that can be tiled together to form large-scale planar apertures (up to 10 centimeters in diameter) that can run at 100 watts of optical power. The overall goals of such technology are (1) rapid 3D scanning using devices smaller than a cell-phone camera; (2) high-speed laser communications without mechanical steering; (3) and foliage-penetrating perimeter sensing, remote wind sensing, and long-range 3-D mapping.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> As of fiscal year 2020, Analog Photonics LLC of Boston, Massachusetts, was working on phase 3 of the program and is expected to finish by May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense_Contract-146">[146]</a></li> <li>Multi- Azimuth Defense Fast Intercept Round Engagement System (MAD-FIRES) program: develop technologies that combine advantages of a missile (guidance, precision, accuracy) with advantages of a bullet (speed, rapid-fire, large ammunition capacity) to be used on a medium-caliber guided projectile in defending ships.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Raytheon is currently working on MAD-FIRES phase 3 (enhance seeker performance, and develop a functional demonstration illuminator and engagement manager to engage and defeat a representative surrogate target) and is expected to be finished by November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near_Zero_Power_RF_and_Sensor_Operations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations (page does not exist)">Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations</a> (N-ZERO): Reducing or eliminating the standby power unattended ground sensors consume. (2015)<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_implant" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural implant">Neural implants</a> for soldiers. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li>Novel, nonsurgical, bi-directional brain-computer interface with high spacio-temporal resolution and low latency for potential human use.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li>Open, Programmable, Secure 5G (OPS-5G) (2020): The program is to address security risks of 5G networks by pursuing research leading to the development of a portable standards-compliant network stack for 5G mobile that is open source and secure by design. OPS-5G seeks to create open source software and systems that enable secure 5G and subsequent mobile networks such as 6G.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li>Operational Fires (<a href="/wiki/OpFires" title="OpFires">OpFires</a>): developing a new mobile ground-launched booster that helps hypersonic boost glide weapons penetrate enemy air defenses.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> As of 17 July 2020, Lockheed Martin was working on phase 3 of the program (develop propulsion components for the missile's Stage 2 section) to be completed by January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The system was successfully tested in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_Close_Air_Support" title="Persistent Close Air Support">Persistent Close Air Support</a> (PCAS): DARPA created the program in 2010 to seek to fundamentally increase Close Air Support effectiveness by enabling dismounted ground agents—Joint Terminal Attack Controllers—and combat aircrews to share real-time situational awareness and weapons systems data.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li>PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats (PREEMPT)<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=QuASAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QuASAR (page does not exist)">QuASAR</a>: Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li>QuBE: Quantum Effects in Biological Environments[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuEST" title="QuEST">QUEST</a>: Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>Quiness: Macroscopic Quantum Communications<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUIST" class="mw-redirect" title="QUIST">QUIST</a>: Quantum Information Science and Technology[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li>RADICS: Rapid Attack Detection, Isolation and Characterization Systems<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li>Rational Integrated Design of Energetics (RIDE): developing tools that speed up and facilitate energetics research.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote-controlled_insect" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote-controlled insect">Remote-controlled insects</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_Servicing_of_Geosynchronous_Satellites_program" title="Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites program">Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites program</a> (RSGS): a <a href="/wiki/Telerobotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Telerobotic">telerobotic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_robot" title="Autonomous robot">autonomous</a> robotic satellite-servicing project, conceived in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In 2020, DARPA selected Northrop Grumman's SpaceLogistics as its RSGS partner. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">U.S. Naval Research Laboratory</a> designed and developed the RSGS robotic arm with DARPA funding. The RSGS system is anticipated to start servicing satellites in space in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robotic_Autonomy_in_Complex_Environments_with_Resiliency_(RACER)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robotic Autonomy in Complex Environments with Resiliency (RACER) (page does not exist)">Robotic Autonomy in Complex Environments with Resiliency (RACER)</a> (2020): This is a four-year program and aims to make sure algorithms aren't the limiting part of the system and that autonomous combat vehicles can meet or exceed soldier driving abilities.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> RACER conducted its third experiment to assess the performance of off-road unmanned vehicles March 12–27, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li>SafeGenes: a synthetic biology project to program "undo" sequences into gene editing programs (2016)<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li>Sea Train (2019): The program goal is to develop and demonstrate ways to overcome range limitations in medium unmanned surface vessels by exploiting wave-making resistance reductions.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense_Contract-146">[146]</a> Applied Physical Sciences Corp. of Groton, Connecticut, is undertaking Phase 1 of the Sea Train program, with an expected completion date of March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense_Contract-146">[146]</a> Sea Train, NOMARS and Manta Ray are the three programs that could significantly impact naval operations by extending the range and payloads for unmanned vessels on and below the surface.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li> <li>Secure Advanced Framework for Simulation & Modeling (SAFE-SiM) program: build a rapid modeling and simulation environment to enable quick analysis in support of senior-level decision-making. As of fiscal year 2020, Radiance Technologies<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> and L3Harris<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> were working on portions of the program, with expected completion in August and September 2021, respectively.</li> <li>Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation (SIEVE) program: use zero knowledge proofs to enable the verification of capabilities for the US military "without revealing the sensitive details associated with those capabilities."<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Galois Inc. of Portland, Oregon, and Stealth Software Technologies of Los Angeles, California, are currently working on the SIEVE program, with a projected completion date of May 2024.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li>Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) program: develop technologies to automatically detect, attribute, and characterize falsified media (e.g., text, audio, image, video) to defend against automated disinformation. SRI International of Menlo Park, California, and Kitware Inc. of Clifton, New York, are working on the SemaFor program, with an expected completion date of July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li>Sensor plants: DARPA "is working on a plan to use plants to gather intelligence information" through DARPA's Advanced Plant Technologies (APT) program, which aims to control the physiology of plants in order to detect chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats. (2017)<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li>Synthetic Hemo-technologIEs to Locate and Disinfect (SHIELD) (2023): The program aims to develop prophylaxes and prevent <a href="/wiki/Bloodstream_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloodstream infections">bloodstream infections</a> (BSI) caused by bacterial/fungal agents, a threat to military and civilian populations.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li>SIGMA: A network of radiological detection devices the size of smart phones that can detect small amounts of radioactive materials. The devices are paired with larger detector devices along major roads and bridges. (2016)<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SIGMA%2B_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIGMA+ program (page does not exist)">SIGMA+ program</a> (2018): by building on concepts theorized in the SIGMA program, develop new sensors and analytics to detect small traces of explosives and chemical and biological weaponry throughout any given large metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In October 2021, SIGMA+ program, in collaboration with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD), concluded a three-month-long pilot study with new sensors to support early detection and interdictions of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threats.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li>SoSITE: <a href="/w/index.php?title=System_of_Systems_Integration_Technology_and_Experimentation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation (page does not exist)">System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation</a>: Combinations of aircraft, weapons, sensors, and mission systems that distribute air warfare capabilities across a large number of interoperable manned and unmanned platforms. (2015)<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li>SSITH: System Security Integrated Through Hardware and Firmware - secure hardware platform (2017); basis for open-source, hack-proof voting system project and 2019 system prototype contract<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li> <li>SXCT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad_X_Core_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad X Core Technologies (page does not exist)">Squad X Core Technologies</a>: Digitized, integrated technologies that improve infantry squads' awareness, precision, and influence. (2015)<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SyNAPSE" title="SyNAPSE">SyNAPSE</a>: Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Tactical Boost Glide (TBG): Air-launched <a href="/wiki/Hypersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypersonic">hypersonic</a> boost glide missile. (2016)<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-erblandStults-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactically_Exploited_Reconnaissance_Node" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node">Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node</a> (Tern)(2014): The program seeks to develop ship based UAS systems and technologies to enable a future air vehicle that could provide persistent ISR and strike capabilities beyond the limited range and endurance provided by existing helicopter platforms.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransApps" title="TransApps">TransApps</a> (Transformative Applications), rapid development and fielding of secure mobile apps in the battlefield</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ULTRA-Vis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ULTRA-Vis (page does not exist)">ULTRA-Vis</a> (Urban Leader Tactical Response, Awareness and Visualization): Heads-up display for individual soldiers. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li>underwater network, heterogeneous: develop concepts and reconfigurable architecture, leveraging advancement in undersea communications and autonomous ocean systems, to demonstrate utility at sea.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense_Contract_2-203">[203]</a> Raytheon BBN is currently working on this program, with work expected through 4 May 2021, though if the government exercises all options on the contract then work will continue through 4 February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense_Contract_2-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upward_Falling_Payloads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upward Falling Payloads (page does not exist)">Upward Falling Payloads</a>: Payloads stored on the ocean floor that can be activated and retrieved when needed. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li>Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA) program: develop technology for use in cities to enable autonomous systems that U.S. infantry and ground forces operate to detect and identify enemies before U.S. troops come across them. Program will factor in algorithms, multiple sensors, and scientific knowledge about human behavior to determine subtle differences between hostiles and innocent civilians.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Soar Technology Inc. of Ann Arbor, Michigan, is currently working on pertinent vehicle autonomy technology, with work expected completed by March 2022.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warrior_Web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warrior Web (page does not exist)">Warrior Web</a>: Soft exosuit to alleviate musculoskeletal stress on soldiers when carrying heavy loads. (2014)<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li>Waste Upcycling for Defense (WUD) (2023): to turn scrap wood, cardboard, paper, and other cellulose-derived matter into sustainable materials such as building materials for re-use.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_or_transitioned_projects">Past or transitioned projects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Past or transitioned projects">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4MM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4MM (page does not exist)">4MM</a> (4-minute mile): Wearable jetpack to enable soldiers to run at increased speed.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></li> <li>Air Dominance Initiative: a 2015 program to develop technologies to be used in <a href="/wiki/Sixth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth-generation jet fighter">sixth-generation jet fighters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> The Air Dominance Initiative study led to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>'s sixth-generation air superiority initiative, the <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Dominance" title="Next Generation Air Dominance">Next Generation Air Dominance</a>.</li> <li>Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (<a href="/wiki/ACTUV" class="mw-redirect" title="ACTUV">ACTUV</a>) (2010): A project to build an unmanned <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> vessel.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-158C_LRASM" title="AGM-158C LRASM">AGM-158C LRASM</a>: Anti-ship cruise missile.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Vehicle_Make" title="Adaptive Vehicle Make">Adaptive Vehicle Make</a>: Revolutionary approaches to the design, verification, and manufacturing of complex defense systems and vehicles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Maui_Optical_and_Supercomputing_observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory">ARPA Midcourse Optical Station</a> (AMOS), a research facility that now forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Haleakala_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Haleakala Observatory">Haleakala Observatory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcLight_(missile)" title="ArcLight (missile)">ArcLight</a>: Ship-based weapon system capable of striking targets nearly anywhere on the globe, based on the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Missile_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Missile 3">Standard Missile 3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, earliest <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">predecessor of the Internet</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_Breaker" title="Assault Breaker">Assault Breaker</a>: technology integration to defeat armored attacks</li> <li>ASTOVL, precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_program" title="Joint Strike Fighter program">Joint Strike Fighter program</a><a href="#cite_note-MartinBaker-213">[213]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Movie_Map" title="Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a> allowed one to virtually tour the streets of <a href="/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado" title="Aspen, Colorado">Aspen, Colorado</a>. Developed in 1978, it is the earliest predecessor to products like <a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Google Street View</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a>: 244 <a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a>: 149 <a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a>: 93 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(robot)" title="Atlas (robot)">Atlas</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Humanoid_robot" title="Humanoid robot">humanoid robot</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battlefield_Illusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battlefield Illusion (page does not exist)">Battlefield Illusion</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigDog" title="BigDog">BigDog</a>/<a href="/wiki/Legged_Squad_Support_System" title="Legged Squad Support System">Legged Squad Support System</a> (2012): legged robots.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Pelican" title="Boeing Pelican">Boeing Pelican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">Boeing X-37</a> (2004): The X-37 program was transferred from NASA to DARPA in September 2004.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-45" title="Boeing X-45">Boeing X-45</a> <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">unmanned combat aerial vehicle</a> refers to a mid-2000s concept demonstrator for autonomous military aircraft.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(mobile_shooter_detection_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (mobile shooter detection system)">Boomerang (mobile shooter detection system)</a>: an acoustic <a href="/wiki/Gunfire_locator" title="Gunfire locator">gunfire locator</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">BBN Technologies</a> for detecting <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">snipers</a> on military combat vehicles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALO" title="CALO">CALO</a> or "Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes": software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Zones_That_See" title="Combat Zones That See">Combat Zones That See</a> (CTS): "track everything that moves" in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_Technology_Threat_Warning_System" title="Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System">Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System</a> (CT2WS) (2011)<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_for_Execution_of_Rendezvous_and_Servicing_Operations" title="Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations">Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations</a> (CONFERS) (2017).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPOF" class="mw-redirect" title="CPOF">CPOF</a>: the command post of the future—networked information system for Command control.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Agent_Markup_Language" title="DARPA Agent Markup Language">DAML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_ALASA_program" class="mw-redirect" title="DARPA ALASA program">ALASA</a>: (Airborne Launch Assist Space Access): A rocket capable of launching a 100-pound satellite into low Earth orbit for less than $1 million.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Falcon_Project" title="DARPA Falcon Project">FALCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge" title="DARPA Grand Challenge">DARPA Grand Challenge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Driverless_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Driverless car">driverless car</a> competitions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_GXV-T" title="DARPA GXV-T">DARPA GXV-T</a>: Ground X Vehicle <a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_Hydra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA Hydra (page does not exist)">Hydra</a>: Undersea network of mobile unmanned sensors. (2013)<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Network_Challenge" title="DARPA Network Challenge">DARPA Network Challenge</a> (before 2010)<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Shredder_Challenge_2011" title="DARPA Shredder Challenge 2011">DARPA Shredder Challenge 2011</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> – Reconstruction of shredded documents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Silent_Talk" class="mw-redirect" title="DARPA Silent Talk">DARPA Silent Talk</a>: A planned program attempting to identify EEG patterns for words and transmit these for covert communications.<a href="#cite_note-auto-226">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Spectrum_Challenge" title="DARPA Spectrum Challenge">DARPA Spectrum Challenge</a> (2014)<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li> <li>DEFENDER</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Simulation_Internet" title="Defense Simulation Internet">Defense Simulation Internet</a>, a wide-area network supporting <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Interactive_Simulation" title="Distributed Interactive Simulation">Distributed Interactive Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoverer_II" title="Discoverer II">Discoverer II</a> radar satellite constellation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energetically_Autonomous_Tactical_Robot" title="Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot">EATR</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXACTO" title="EXACTO">EXACTO</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a> firing guided <a href="/wiki/Smart_bullet" title="Smart bullet">smart bullets</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Global_autonomous_language_exploitation_program" title="DARPA Global autonomous language exploitation program">GALE</a>: Global Autonomous Language Exploitation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program">High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program</a> (HAARP): An ionospheric research program jointly funded by DARPA, the U.S. Air Force's <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">AFRL</a> and the U.S. Navy's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">NRL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The most prominent area during this research was the high-power radio frequency transmitter facility, which tested the use of the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Energy_Liquid_Laser_Area_Defense_System" title="High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System">High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System</a> (HELLADS)<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The goal of the HELLADS program was to develop a 150 kilowatt (kW) laser weapon system. In 2015, DARPA's contractor, General Atomics, successfully demonstrated a prototype.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2020, General Atomics and Boeing announced to develop a 100 kW liquid laser system, with plans to scale it up to 250 kW.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_Knowledge_Bases" title="High Performance Knowledge Bases">High Performance Knowledge Bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HISSS" class="mw-redirect" title="HISSS">HISSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Universal_Load_Carrier" title="Human Universal Load Carrier">Human Universal Load Carrier</a>: battery-powered human exoskeleton.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypersonic_Research_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypersonic Research Program (page does not exist)">Hypersonic Research Program</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li>Luke Arm, a <a href="/wiki/DEKA_(company)" title="DEKA (company)">DEKA</a> creation produced under the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAHEM" title="MAHEM">MAHEM</a>: Molten penetrating munition.</li> <li>MEMEX (2014–2017): an online search tool to fight human trafficking crimes on the dark web.<a href="#cite_note-Darpa.mil_Memex-234">[234]</a> In 2016, DARPA Memex program received the 2016 Presidential Award for Extraordinary Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons for the development of the anti-trafficking technology tool.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The program was named and inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Memex" title="Memex">Vannevar Bush</a>'s hypothetical device described in his 1945 article.<a href="#cite_note-Darpa.mil_Memex-234">[234]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeshWorm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeshWorm (page does not exist)">MeshWorm</a>: an earthworm-like robot.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%27s_Eye_(US_Military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind's Eye (US Military)">Mind's Eye</a>: A visual intelligence system capable of detecting and analyzing activity from video feeds.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSIS" title="MOSIS">MOSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-1 Predator">MQ-1 Predator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Tactical_Wearable_Night_Vision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Tactical Wearable Night Vision (page does not exist)">Next Generation Tactical Wearable Night Vision</a>: Smaller and lighter sunglass-sized night vision devices that can switch between different viewing bands.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">NLS/Augment</a>: the origin of the canonical contemporary computer user interface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Switchblade" title="Northrop Grumman Switchblade">Northrop Grumman Switchblade</a>: an unmanned oblique-wing flying aircraft for high speed, long range and long endurance flight</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_One_Shot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA One Shot (page does not exist)">One Shot</a>: Sniper scope that automatically measures crosswind and range to ensure accuracy in field conditions.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_routing" title="Onion routing">Onion routing</a>, a technique developed in the mid-1990s and later employed by <a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a> to anonymize communications over a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_radar" title="Passive radar">Passive radar</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_Phoenix_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA Phoenix program (page does not exist)">Phoenix</a>: A 2012–early-2015 satellite project with the aim to recycle retired satellite parts into new on-orbit assets. The project was initiated in July 2012 with plans for system launches no earlier than 2016.<a href="#cite_note-sn20130517-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-aw20130123-242">[242]</a> At the time, <a href="/wiki/Satlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Satlet">Satlet</a> tests in low Earth orbit were projected to occur as early as 2015.<a href="#cite_note-sn20140321-243">[243]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Analysis_Market" title="Policy Analysis Market">Policy Analysis Market</a>, evaluating the trading of information futures contracts based on possible political developments in several Middle Eastern countries. An application of <a href="/wiki/Prediction_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Prediction markets">prediction markets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20030729-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-ss201307-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSSE_project" title="POSSE project">POSSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_AGILE" title="Project AGILE">Project AGILE</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>-era investigation into methods of remote, <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">asymmetric warfare</a> for use in conflicts with <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> insurgents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_MAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MAC">Project MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto_2" title="Proto 2">Proto 2</a>: a thought-controlled prosthetic arm</li> <li>Rapid Knowledge Formation[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shadow" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Shadow">Sea Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMNET" title="SIMNET">SIMNET</a>: Wide area network with vehicle simulators and displays for real-time distributed combat simulation: tanks, helicopters and airplanes in a virtual battlefield.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_F6" class="mw-redirect" title="System F6">System F6</a>—Future, Fast, Flexible, <a href="/wiki/Fractionated_Spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractionated Spacecraft">Fractionated Free-flying Spacecraft</a> United by Information Exchange—technology demonstrator: a 2006–2012</li> <li>I3 (Intelligent Integration of Information),<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> supported the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Library">Digital Library</a> research effort through <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">NSF</a></li> <li>Strategic Computing Program</li> <li>Synthetic Aperture Ladar for Tactical Applications (SALTI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="XOS 2">XOS</a>: powered military exoskeleton $226 million technology development program. Cancelled in 2013 before the notionally planned 2015 launch date.<a href="#cite_note-sn20130517-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn20140321-243">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SURAN" title="SURAN">SURAN</a> (1983–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Vela" title="Project Vela">Project Vela</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UAVForge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UAVForge (page does not exist)">UAVForge</a> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li> <li>Vertical Take-Off and Landing Experimental Aircraft (<a href="/wiki/VTOL_X-Plane" title="VTOL X-Plane">VTOL X-Plane</a>) (2013)<a href="#cite_note-wired20130225-249">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong_Motivation_and_Morale_Project" title="Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Project">Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Project</a> (1964–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="DARPA Vulture">Vulture</a>: Long endurance, high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLSI_Project" title="VLSI Project">VLSI Project</a> (1978) – Its offspring include <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD Unix</a>, the <a href="/wiki/RISC" class="mw-redirect" title="RISC">RISC</a> processor concept, many <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> tools still in use today.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_HULA" title="Walrus HULA">Walrus HULA</a>: high-capacity, long range cargo airship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Network_after_Next" title="Wireless Network after Next">Wireless Network after Next</a> (WNaN), advanced tactical <a href="/wiki/Mobile_ad_hoc_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile ad hoc network">mobile ad hoc network</a></li> <li>WolfPack (2010)<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA_XDATA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DARPA XDATA (page does not exist)">XDATA</a>: Processing and analyzing vast amounts of information. (2012)<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell-MBB_X-31" title="Rockwell-MBB X-31">Rockwell-MBB X-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_X-29" title="Grumman X-29">Grumman X-29</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_fiction">Notable fiction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable fiction">edit</a>]</div> DARPA is well known as a high-tech government agency, and as such has many appearances in popular fiction. Some realistic references to DARPA in fiction are as "ARPA" in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Swift" title="Tom Swift">Tom Swift</a> and the Visitor from Planet X (DARPA consults on a technical threat),<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> in episodes of television program <a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a> (the ARPA-DARPA distinction), the television program <a href="/wiki/Numb3rs" class="mw-redirect" title="Numb3rs">Numb3rs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> and the Netflix film <a href="/wiki/Spectral" title="Spectral">Spectral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Nuclear_Weapons_Center" title="Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center">Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center</a> (NWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> (AFRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy</a> (ARPA-E)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a> (ARPA-H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-I" class="mw-redirect" title="ARPA-I">Advanced Research Projects Agency–Infrastructure</a> (ARPA-I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a> (ERDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSARPA" title="HSARPA">Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (HSARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Activity" title="Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity">Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity</a> (IARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Disruptive_Initiative" title="Joint European Disruptive Initiative">Joint European Disruptive Initiative</a> (JEDI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> (LBNL or LBL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> (LLNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> (LANL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> (MCCDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake" title="Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake">Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake</a> (NAWS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a> (ONR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory" title="Pacific Northwest National Laboratory">Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</a> (PNNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a> (SNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Armament_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center">United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center</a> (ARDEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command</a> (RDECOM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Army Research Laboratory">United States Army Research Laboratory</a> (ARL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a> (MCWL)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved February 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eisenhower+Library&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Hans+Bethe&rft.aulast=Bethe&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisenhowerlibrary.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Foral-histories%2Foral-history-transcripts%2Fbethe-hans.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubcommittee_On_Military_Construction1958" class="citation book cs1">Subcommittee On Military Construction, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-IPAAAAIAAJ">Fiscal Year 1958 Supplemental Military Construction Authorization (Air Force): Hearings, Eighty-fifth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 9739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Year+1958+Supplemental+Military+Construction+Authorization+%28Air+Force%29%3A+Hearings%2C+Eighty-fifth+Congress%2C+Second+Session%2C+on+H.R.+9739&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Subcommittee+On+Military+Construction&rft.aufirst=United+States.+Congress.+Senate.+Committee+on+Armed+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN-IPAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Crocker2022" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Steve Crocker (March 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/irtf-discuss/I7gRirVOb4QX2sgBUDvcDfCJHUY/">"[Internet Policy] Why the World Must Resist Calls to Undermine the Internet"</a>. IETF-Discussion (Mailing list). <q>I was at (D)ARPA from mid 1971 to mid 1974</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BInternet+Policy%5D+Why+the+World+Must+Resist+Calls+to+Undermine+the+Internet&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft.au=Steve+Crocker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmailarchive.ietf.org%2Farch%2Fmsg%2Firtf-discuss%2FI7gRirVOb4QX2sgBUDvcDfCJHUY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards20-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards20_14-0">^</a> "$ 520 million appropriation and a $ 2 billion budget plan." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. 20). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21_15-0">^</a> "Roy Johnson, ARPA's first director, was, like his boss, a businessman. At age fifty-two, he had been personally recruited by McElroy, who convinced him to leave a $160,000 job with General Electric and take an $18,000 job in Washington." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21a-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21a_16-0">^</a> "Herbert York, whom Killian had been keen on, was given the job and moved to ARPA from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards21,22-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards21,22_17-0">^</a> "The staff of ARPA saw an opportunity to redefine the agency as a group that would take on the really advanced "far-out" research....The scientific community, predictably, rallied to the call for a reinvention of ARPA as a "high-risk high-gain" research sponsor— the kind of R& D shop they had dreamed of all along" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (pp. 21,22). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23,24-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23,24_18-0">^</a> "In early 1961 ARPA's second director, Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, resigned" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (pp. 23,24) Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23_19-0">^</a> "Ruina raised ARPA's annual budget to $ 250 million." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards27-39-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards27-39_20-0">^</a> "J. C. R. Licklider." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (pp. 27–39). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wizards23a-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Wizards23a_21-0">^</a> projects in ballistic missile defense and nuclear test detection, couched in terms of basic research, were the top priorities." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. 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Retrieved March 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+News&rft.atitle=DARPA+Space+Budget+Increase+Includes+M+for+Spaceplane&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Gruss&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacenews.com%2Farticle%2Fmilitary-space%2F39938darpa-space-budget-increase-includes-27m-for-spaceplane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20030729-244"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt20030729_244-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulse2003" class="citation news cs1">Hulse, Carl (July 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/us/threats-responses-plans-criticisms-pentagon-prepares-futures-market-terror.html">"THREATS AND RESPONSES: PLANS AND CRITICISMS; Pentagon Prepares A Futures Market On Terror Attacks"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THREATS+AND+RESPONSES%3A+PLANS+AND+CRITICISMS%3B+Pentagon+Prepares+A+Futures+Market+On+Terror+Attacks&rft.date=2003-07-29&rft.aulast=Hulse&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F29%2Fus%2Fthreats-responses-plans-criticisms-pentagon-prepares-futures-market-terror.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ss201307-245"><a href="#cite_ref-ss201307_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLundin2013" class="citation web cs1">Lundin, Leigh (July 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sleuthsayers.org/2013/07/pam-prism-and-poindexter.html">"Pam, Prism, and Poindexter"</a>. Spying. Washington: SleuthSayers. Retrieved January 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spying&rft.atitle=Pam%2C+Prism%2C+and+Poindexter&rft.date=2013-07-07&rft.aulast=Lundin&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sleuthsayers.org%2F2013%2F07%2Fpam-prism-and-poindexter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174349/http://www.sirc.org/articles/policy_analysis.shtml">"Policy Analysis Market and the Political Yuck"</a>. www.sirc.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirc.org/articles/policy_analysis.shtml">the original</a> on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sirc.org&rft.atitle=Policy+Analysis+Market+and+the+Political+Yuck.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sirc.org%2Farticles%2Fpolicy_analysis.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-6/web-agent/www/i3.html">"I3 Initiative Home Page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212013/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-6/web-agent/www/i3.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I3+Initiative+Home+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2Fafs%2Fcs.cmu.edu%2Fproject%2Ftheo-6%2Fweb-agent%2Fwww%2Fi3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529094352/http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2011/2011/05/25_CAN_YOU_DESIGN%2C_BUILD_AND_FLY_THE_NEXT-GENERATION_UAV_.aspx">"CAN YOU DESIGN, BUILD AND FLY THE NEXT-GENERATION UAV?"</a>. Darpa.mil. May 25, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2011/2011/05/25_CAN_YOU_DESIGN,_BUILD_AND_FLY_THE_NEXT-GENERATION_UAV_.aspx">the original</a> on May 29, 2011. Retrieved July 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CAN+YOU+DESIGN%2C+BUILD+AND+FLY+THE+NEXT-GENERATION+UAV%3F&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2FNewsEvents%2FReleases%2F2011%2F2011%2F05%2F25_CAN_YOU_DESIGN%2C_BUILD_AND_FLY_THE_NEXT-GENERATION_UAV_.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wired20130225-249"><a href="#cite_ref-wired20130225_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2013" class="citation news cs1">Ackerman, Spencer (February 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/02/darpa-vtol-x/">"Darpa Wants to Rethink the Helicopter to Make It Go Way Faster"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226220538/http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/02/darpa-vtol-x/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Darpa+Wants+to+Rethink+the+Helicopter+to+Make+It+Go+Way+Faster&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fdangerroom%2F2013%2F02%2Fdarpa-vtol-x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304071137/http://www.darpa.mil/STO/strategic/wolfpack.html">"STO: WolfPack"</a>. Darpa.mil. Strategic Technology Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/STO/strategic/wolfpack.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2010. Retrieved April 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=STO%3A+WolfPack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2FSTO%2Fstrategic%2Fwolfpack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508230527/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/I2O/Programs/XDATA.aspx">"XDATA"</a>. May 8, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/I2O/Programs/XDATA.aspx">the original</a> on May 8, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XDATA&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darpa.mil%2FOur_Work%2FI2O%2FPrograms%2FXDATA.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> Victor Appleton II, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm">Tom Swift and the Visitor from Planet X</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215836/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, originally published by Grosset & Dunlap of New York, now re-published by Project Gutenberg. ARPA is referred to on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm#chap_8">page 68</a> published 1961 </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Numb3ers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.com/primetime/ncis_los_angeles/recaps/105/recaps.php?season=1">Season 1, Episode 5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325095828/http://www.cbs.com/primetime/ncis_los_angeles/recaps/105/recaps.php?season=1">Archived</a> 2010-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html">Season 5, Episode 17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513021858/http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2016" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Tasha (December 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/9/13902914/spectral-review-netflix-aliens-sci-fi-movie-nic-mathieu">"Spectral review: Netflix's new movie is Gears of War meets Aliens, on the cheap"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. Retrieved September 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Spectral+review%3A+Netflix%27s+new+movie+is+Gears+of+War+meets+Aliens%2C+on+the+cheap&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Tasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2016%2F12%2F9%2F13902914%2Fspectral-review-netflix-aliens-sci-fi-movie-nic-mathieu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a154363.pdf">The Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1958–1974</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822174359/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a154363.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Barber Associates, December 1975.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a241725.pdf">DARPA Technical Accomplishments: 1958–1990</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822174403/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a241725.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Volumes 1–3, Richard H. Van Atta, Sidney G. Reed, Seymour J. Deitchman, et al., <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defense_Analyses" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Institute for Defense Analyses</a>, January 1990 – March 1991.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelfiore2009" class="citation book cs1">Belfiore, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/departmentofmads00belf">The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs</a>. Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061577932" title="Special:BookSources/9780061577932"><bdi>9780061577932</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310399265">310399265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Department+of+Mad+Scientists%3A+How+DARPA+Is+Remaking+Our+World%2C+from+the+Internet+to+Artificial+Limbs&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310399265&rft.isbn=9780061577932&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdepartmentofmads00belf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/William_Saletan" title="William Saletan">William Saletan</a> writes of Belfiore's book that "His tone is reverential and at times breathless, but he captures the agency's essential virtues: boldness, creativity, agility, practicality and speed." (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaletan2009" class="citation news cs1">Saletan, William (December 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/books/review/Saletan-t.html">"The Body Electric"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Body+Electric&rft.date=2009-12-24&rft.aulast=Saletan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F27%2Fbooks%2Freview%2FSaletan-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988">)</li> <li>Castell, Manuel, The Network Society: A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK, 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jacobsen" title="Annie Jacobsen">Jacobsen, Annie</a> (2015). The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency. Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316371766" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316371766"><bdi>978-0316371766</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/900012161">900012161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pentagon%27s+Brain%3A+An+Uncensored+History+of+DARPA%2C+America%27s+Top-Secret+Military+Research+Agency&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F900012161&rft.isbn=978-0316371766&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=Annie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorbergO'NeillFreedman1996" class="citation book cs1">Norberg, Arthur Lawrence; O'Neill, Judy Elizabeth; Freedman, Kerry J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3lQAAAAMAAJ">Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962–1986</a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5152-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5152-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-5152-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transforming+Computer+Technology%3A+Information+Processing+for+the+Pentagon%2C+1962%E2%80%931986&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-5152-0&rft.aulast=Norberg&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Lawrence&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Judy+Elizabeth&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Kerry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3lQAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSargent2018" class="citation book cs1">Sargent, John F. Jr. (February 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45110.pdf">Defense Science and Technology Funding</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180605180935/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45110.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defense+Science+and+Technology+Funding&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=John+F.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fnatsec%2FR45110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick1991" class="citation magazine cs1">Sedgwick, John (August 1991). "The Men from DARPA". <a href="/wiki/Playboy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy (magazine)">Playboy</a>. Vol. 3, no. 8. pp. 108–109, 122, 154–156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playboy&rft.atitle=The+Men+from+DARPA&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=108-109%2C+122%2C+154-156&rft.date=1991-08&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADARPA" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Weinberger" title="Sharon Weinberger">Weinberger, Sharon</a>, The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency that Changed the World, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385351799" title="Special:BookSources/9780385351799">9780385351799</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=DARPA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DARPA" title="Template:DARPA"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DARPA" title="Template talk:DARPA"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DARPA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DARPA"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_(DARPA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C8DDF2; line-height:1.2em;">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Execution_Office" title="Adaptive Execution Office">Adaptive Execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Technologies_Office_(DARPA)" title="Biological Technologies Office (DARPA)">Biological Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Sciences_Office" title="Defense Sciences Office">Defense Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Innovation_Office" title="Information Innovation Office">Information Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsystems_Technology_Office" title="Microsystems Technology Office">Microsystems Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Technology_Office_(DARPA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Technology Office (DARPA)">Strategic Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Technology_Office_(DARPA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Technology Office (DARPA) (page does not exist)">Tactical Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C8DDF2; line-height:1.2em;">Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_W._Johnson_(DARPA_director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy W. Johnson (DARPA director) (page does not exist)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_W._Betts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austin W. Betts (page does not exist)">Betts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruina" title="Jack Ruina">Ruina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sproull" title="Robert Sproull">Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Herzfeld" title="Charles M. Herzfeld">Herzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhardt_Rechtin" title="Eberhardt Rechtin">Rechtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lukasik" title="Stephen J. Lukasik">Lukasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">Heilmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_R._Fossum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert R. Fossum (page does not exist)">Fossum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_S._Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert S. Cooper (page does not exist)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Duncan_(engineer)" title="Robert C. Duncan (engineer)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_S._Colladay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray S. Colladay (page does not exist)">Colladay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_I._Fields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craig I. Fields (page does not exist)">Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Reis" title="Victor H. Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_L._Denman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary L. Denman (page does not exist)">Denman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verne_L._%22Larry%22_Lynn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verne L. "Larry" Lynn (page does not exist)">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_L._%22Frank%22_Fernandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando L. "Frank" Fernandez (page does not exist)">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Tether" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony J. Tether">Tether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_E._Dugan" title="Regina E. Dugan">Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_H._Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven H. Walker (page does not exist)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coleman" title="Victoria Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Tompkins" title="Stefanie Tompkins">Tompkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#C8DDF2; line-height:1.2em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos" title="The Mother of All Demos">The Mother of All Demos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_AGILE" title="Project AGILE">Project AGILE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakey_the_robot" title="Shakey the robot">Shakey the robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen_Movie_Map" title="Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Network_Challenge" title="DARPA Network Challenge">Network Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge" title="DARPA Grand Challenge">Grand Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C8DDF2;"><div>Annual budget <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>2.8 billion    Employees 240    Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.darpa.mil/">www.darpa.mil</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_Defense" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="Template:United States Department of Defense"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="Template talk:United States Department of Defense"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Department of Defense"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_Defense" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hicks" title="Kathleen Hicks">Kathleen Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="Office_of_the_Secretary_of_Defense(including_defense_agencies_and_DoD_field_activities)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_Defense" title="Office of the Secretary of Defense">Office of the Secretary of Defense</a> (including defense agencies and DoD field activities)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy%27s_Advisory_Working_Group" title="Deputy's Advisory Working Group">Deputy's Advisory Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Net_Assessment" title="Office of Net Assessment">Office of Net Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Access_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Access Program">Special Access Program Oversight Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Acquisition_and_Sustainment" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment">Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Contract_Management_Agency" title="Defense Contract Management Agency">Defense Contract Management Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Threat_Reduction_Agency" title="Defense Threat Reduction Agency">Defense Threat Reduction Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Adjustment" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Economic Adjustment">Office of Economic Adjustment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Acquisition_University" title="Defense Acquisition University">Defense Acquisition University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Acquisition_Board" title="Defense Acquisition Board">Defense Acquisition Board</a></li> <li>Defense Microelectronics Activity</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Research_and_Engineering" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering">Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Innovation_Unit" title="Defense Innovation Unit">Defense Innovation Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">Defense Technical Information Center</a></li> <li>Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Policy" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Policy">Under Secretary of Defense for Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Security_Cooperation_Agency" title="Defense Security Cooperation Agency">Defense Security Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_POW/MIA_Accounting_Agency" title="Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency">Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Policy_Board_Advisory_Committee" title="Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee">Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_(Comptroller)" title="Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)">Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Contract_Audit_Agency" title="Defense Contract Audit Agency">Defense Contract Audit Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Finance_and_Accounting_Service" title="Defense Finance and Accounting Service">Defense Finance and Accounting Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Personnel_and_Readiness" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness">Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Commissary_Agency" title="Defense Commissary Agency">Defense Commissary Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity" title="Department of Defense Education Activity">Department of Defense Education Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Human_Resources_Activity" title="Defense Human Resources Activity">Defense Human Resources Activity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Activity_for_Non-Traditional_Education_Support" title="Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support">Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Equal_Opportunity_Management_Institute" title="Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute">Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Travel_System" title="Defense Travel System">Defense Travel Management Office</a></li> <li>Defense Civilian Personnel Advisory Service</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Health_Agency" title="Defense Health Agency">Defense Health Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence">Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Security Service">Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Information_Systems_Agency" title="Defense Information Systems Agency">Defense Information Systems Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Agency" title="White House Communications Agency">White House Communications Agency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency/Central Security Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">Director/Chief</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Public_Affairs" title="Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs">Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Media_Activity" title="Defense Media Activity">Defense Media Activity</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Press_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="American Forces Press Service">American Forces Press Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Radio_and_Television_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="American Forces Radio and Television Service">American Forces Radio and Television Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pentagon Channel">The Pentagon Channel</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Department_of_Defense" title="General Counsel of the Department of Defense">General Counsel of the Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Department_of_Defense" title="General Counsel of the Department of Defense">Defense Legal Services Agency</a> (Office of Military Commissions)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Management_Officer_of_the_Department_of_Defense" title="Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense">Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Force_Protection_Agency" title="Pentagon Force Protection Agency">Pentagon Force Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Headquarters_Services" title="Washington Headquarters Services">Washington Headquarters Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Defense.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="578" /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="Military_Departments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense#Military_Departments" title="United States Department of Defense">Military Departments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Secretary of the Army">The Secretariat</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Under Secretary of the Army">Under Secretary of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Army_for_Acquisition,_Logistics,_and_Technology" title="United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology">Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Army_(Civil_Works)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works)">Assistant Secretary for Civil Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Army_(Financial_Management_and_Comptroller)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)">Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Army_(Installations,_Energy_and_Environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment)">Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Army_(Manpower_and_Reserve_Affairs)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)">Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Army" title="General Counsel of the Army">General Counsel of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Administrative_Assistant_to_the_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army">The Administrative Assistant</a> The Army Staff: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Army" title="Sergeant Major of the Army">Sergeant Major of the Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_Staff_G-8_of_the_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 of the United States Army">Deputy Chief of Staff G-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Judge Advocate General of the United States Army">Judge Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Provost_Marshal_General" title="United States Army Provost Marshal General">Provost Marshal General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Surgeon General of the United States Army">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> field organizations: see <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Structure of the United States Army">Structure of the United States Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Secretary of the Navy">The Secretariat</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Under Secretary of the Navy">Under Secretary of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Financial_Management_and_Comptroller)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)">Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Installations_and_Environment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment)">Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Manpower_and_Reserve_Affairs)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)">Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(Research,_Development_and_Acquisitions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions)">Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Navy" title="General Counsel of the Navy">General Counsel of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_Navy" title="Judge Advocate General of the Navy">Judge Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Naval Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Inspector_General" title="Naval Inspector General">Naval Inspector General</a> <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Marine_Corps" title="Headquarters Marine Corps">Headquarters Marine Corps</a>: <a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps">Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Marine_Corps" title="Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps">Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">Chaplain</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> field organizations: see <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">Organization of the United States Marine Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_of_Naval_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Chief of Naval Operations">Office of the Chief of Naval Operations</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Vice Chief of Naval Operations">Vice Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer_of_the_Navy" title="Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy">Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Reactors" title="Naval Reactors">Director of Naval Reactors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Personnel" title="Chief of Naval Personnel">Chief of Naval Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Surgeon General of the United States Navy">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> field organizations: see <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Structure of the United States Navy">Structure of the United States Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Secretary of the Air Force">The Secretariat</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force_(Acquisition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)">Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force_(Financial_Management_%26_Comptroller)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)">Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force_(Installations,_Environment_%26_Logistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Logistics)">Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Logistics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force_(Manpower_%26_Reserve_Affairs)" title="Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)">Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Counsel_of_the_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force">General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Office_of_Special_Investigations" title="Air Force Office of Special Investigations">Air Force Office of Special Investigations</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">The Air Staff</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Safety_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Safety of the United States Air Force">Chief of Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Surgeon General of the United States Air Force">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> field organizations: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_Commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Major Commands of the United States Air Force">Major Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Reporting_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Reporting Unit">Direct Reporting Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Staff">Space Staff</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations" title="Chief of Space Operations">Chief of Space Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a> field organizations</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Enlisted_Advisor_to_the_Chairman" title="Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman">Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Requirements_Oversight_Council" title="Joint Requirements Oversight Council">Joint Requirements Oversight Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Joint_Staff" title="Director of the Joint Staff">Director of the Joint Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff">Joint Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Command_Center" title="National Military Command Center">National Military Command Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_National_Military_Command_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate National Military Command Center">Alternate National Military Command Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Personnel_Recovery_Agency" title="Joint Personnel Recovery Agency">Joint Personnel Recovery Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="Combatant_Commands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Combatant Commands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="National_Guard_Bureau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_Bureau" title="National Guard Bureau">National Guard Bureau</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_Bureau" title="Chief of the National Guard Bureau">Chief of the National Guard Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:100px;"><div id="Office_of_the_Inspector_General" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="Department of Defense Office of Inspector General">Office of the Inspector General</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Defense Criminal Investigative Service">Defense Criminal Investigative Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template talk:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Federal <a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">research and development agencies</a> of the United States (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_research_and_development_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States research and development agencies">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> Office of Research and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Activity" title="Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity">Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity</a> (IARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Smithsonian_research_centers_and_programs" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a> (ARS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a> (NIFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Research_Service" title="Economic Research Service">Economic Research Service</a> (ERS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Research_Stations_and_Research_Work_Units" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service Research and Development</a> (R&D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command" title="United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command">Army Combat Capabilities Development Command</a> (CCDCOM) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Army Research Laboratory">Army Research Laboratory</a> (ARL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command_Soldier_Center" title="Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center">Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center</a> (CCDCSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_CCDC_Armaments_Center" title="United States Army CCDC Armaments Center">CCDC Armaments Center</a> (CCDCAC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_Arsenal" title="Picatinny Arsenal">Picatinny Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben%C3%A9t_Laboratories" title="Benét Laboratories">Benét Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watervliet_Arsenal" title="Watervliet Arsenal">Watervliet Arsenal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation Command</a> (ATEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Research_and_Development_Command" title="United States Army Medical Research and Development Command">United States Army Medical Research and Development Command</a> (USAMRDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a> (ERDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> (MCCDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a> (MCWL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Activity" title="Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity">Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity</a> (MCOTEA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a> (ONR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Medical Research Center">Naval Medical Research Center</a> (NMRC)</li> <li>Naval Warfare Centers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Air Warfare Center">Air</a> (NAWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Surface_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Surface Warfare Center">Surface</a> (NSWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Undersea_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Undersea Warfare Center">Undersea</a> (NUWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Command,_Control_and_Ocean_Surveillance_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center">Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance</a> (NCCOSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake" title="Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake">Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake</a> (NAWS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Force" title="Operational Test and Evaluation Force">Operational Test and Evaluation Force</a> (OPTEVFOR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> (AFMC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Armament_Center" title="Air Armament Center">Air Armament Center</a> (AAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> (AFRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Life_Cycle_Management_Center" title="Air Force Life Cycle Management Center">Air Force Life Cycle Management Center</a> (AFLCMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Nuclear_Weapons_Center" title="Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center">Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center</a> (NWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a> (AFIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a> (AFOTEC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Systems_Command" title="Space Systems Command">Space Systems Command</a> (SSC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (DARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a> (USU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education_Sciences" title="Institute of Education Sciences">Institute of Education Sciences</a> (IES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Disability,_Independent_Living,_and_Rehabilitation_Research" title="National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research">National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research</a> (NIDILRR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> (DOE SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy</a> (ARPA-E)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories" title="United States Department of Energy National Laboratories">National Laboratories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration#Science_and_research_programs" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration science and research programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> (AHRQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Advanced_Research_and_Development_Authority" title="Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority">Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority</a> (BARDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Innovation" title="Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation">Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation</a> (CMMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science and Technology Directorate</a> (S&T)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Research_and_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center">Coast Guard Research and Development Center </a> (CG RDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Justice" title="National Institute of Justice">National Institute of Justice</a> (NIJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Science_and_Technology_Branch" title="FBI Science and Technology Branch">FBI Science and Technology Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Innovative_Technology_Administration" title="Research and Innovative Technology Administration">Research and Innovative Technology Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> Research, Engineering, and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> Research and Technology</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Financial_Research" title="Office of Financial Research">Office of Financial Research</a> (OFR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration_Office_of_Research_and_Development" title="Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development">Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development</a> (ORD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (OSTP) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">U.S. Global Change Research Program</a> (USGCRP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networking_and_Information_Technology_Research_and_Development" title="Networking and Information Technology Research and Development">Networking and Information Technology Research and Development</a> Program (NITRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nanotechnology_Initiative" title="National Nanotechnology Initiative">National Nanotechnology Initiative</a> (NNI)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Office of Technology Assessment</a> (OTA) (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template talk:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">United States government agencies</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">Global Change Research Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic and Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li>Office of Environmental Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories and Technology Centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Water_and_Climate_Center" title="National Water and Climate Center">National Water and Climate Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology">Science and Technology Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">Combat Capabilities Development Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Domestic_Climate_Policy" title="White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy">Climate Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_on_Clean_Energy_Innovation_and_Implementation" title="White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation">Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_Services_Administration" title="Environmental Science Services Administration">Environmental Science Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> (1951–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a> (1945–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force#Commander_and_senior_staff" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (1943–1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European Theater of Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1957 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="February 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1954 State of the Union Address">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1955 State of the Union Address">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1956 State of the Union Address">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1957 State of the Union Address">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1958 State of the Union Address">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1959 State of the Union Address">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1960 State of the Union Address">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 12, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell address</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Executive_Orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1953; <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chance_for_Peace_speech" title="Chance for Peace speech">"Chance for Peace" speech</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%931962)" title="Cold War (1953–1962)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War#Crisis_and_escalation_(1953–62)" title="Cold War">Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">1955 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Data" title="Restricted Data">Restricted Data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DARPA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURATOM_Cooperation_Act_of_1958" title="EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958">EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10479" title="Executive Order 10479">Executive Order 10479</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Continental_Shelf" title="Outer Continental Shelf">Outer Continental Shelf Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Relief_Act" title="Refugee Relief Act">Refugee Relief Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Milk_Program" title="Special Milk Program">Special Milk Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Tax_Reduction_Act_of_1954" title="Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954">Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Watershed_Program" title="Small Watershed Program">Small Watershed Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act of 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Act" title="Soil Bank Act">Soil Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Program" title="Soil Bank Program">Soil Bank Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Voting_Assistance_Program" title="Federal Voting Assistance Program">Federal Voting Assistance Program</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holding_Company_Act" title="Bank Holding Company Act">Bank Holding Company Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_to_People_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="People to People Student Ambassador Program">People to People Student Ambassador Program</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Fitness,_Sports_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition">President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights" title="United States Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine intervention</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%E2%80%93Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" title="Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Act" title="Humane Slaughter Act">Humane Slaughter Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii Admission Act</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-Use_Sustained-Yield_Act_of_1960" title="Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960">Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikes_Act" title="Sikes Act">Sikes Act</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe">Crusade in Europe (1948)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft Eisenhower movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party presidential primaries (1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">United States Presidential election (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Home" title="Eisenhower Home">Boyhood home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower National Historic Site">Eisenhower National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_National_Airport" title="Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport">Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Fellowships" title="Eisenhower Fellowships">Eisenhower Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar">Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Army_Medical_Center" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center">Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Trophy" title="Eisenhower Trophy">Eisenhower Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Golf_Club" title="Eisenhower Golf Club">Eisenhower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Eisenhower_Theater" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Eisenhower Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)">Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eisenhower" title="Mount Eisenhower">Mount Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named for Dwight D. Eisenhower">Places named for Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Tributes_and_memorials" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Other tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket" title="Eisenhower jacket">Eisenhower jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tree" title="Eisenhower Tree">Eisenhower Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe#TV_series" title="Crusade in Europe">Crusade in Europe (1949 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_(miniseries)" title="Ike (miniseries)">Ike (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike:_Countdown_to_D-Day" title="Ike: Countdown to D-Day">Ike: Countdown to D-Day (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_(play)" title="Pressure (play)">Pressure (2014 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower"> Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenhower" title="David Eisenhower">David Eisenhower</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jean_Eisenhower" title="Mary Jean Eisenhower">Mary Jean Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower" title="Ida Stover Eisenhower">Ida Stover Eisenhower</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Eisenhower">Arthur Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_N._Eisenhower" title="Edgar N. Eisenhower">Edgar N. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Eisenhower">Roy Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Eisenhower" title="Earl D. Eisenhower">Earl D. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower" title="Milton S. Eisenhower">Milton S. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_baseball_controversy" title="Eisenhower baseball controversy">Eisenhower baseball controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_I_don%27t_care_what_it_is" title="And I don't care what it is">And I don't care what it is</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Slovik" title="Eddie Slovik">Eddie Slovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">← Harry S. Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207361#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207361#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207361#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119560321">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000095805207">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132454617">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/305022-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79004228">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125097352">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125097352">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001278007">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35566156">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2017962799&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90678786">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594806705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01155793?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/181/2647">DBLP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/121455025">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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