CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357fe15e9b4697',cH: '7_SeLDa5SA77MqVDNyIqkHjIeB1gGhwRF2YAuCjP4DA-1739792394-1.2.1.1-_K1E7kLTCPSN7PE94mhy4b99LSPePfRiPYwY3dMGxn66xjwW6D6NF4EWJScApo7L',cUPMDTk: "\/16997\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=mMb3pgSeh83GbiTiis5j1yiKh2uyN5r3s7ly7X2PPmI-1739792394-1.0.1.1-.5yd39HFcVy.28RrLqPxd.Fu79_auRnKeofCOiFPhmc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739792394',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/16997\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=mMb3pgSeh83GbiTiis5j1yiKh2uyN5r3s7ly7X2PPmI-1739792394-1.0.1.1-.5yd39HFcVy.28RrLqPxd.Fu79_auRnKeofCOiFPhmc",md: "2aVEHy7QVBoFshth3fP9vIuwKuTwQlpSeyY.Uosdazk-1739792394-1.2.1.1-q7Xpkc3JmjmVO7kwbvQuw_9iDmGiBy7bW1v6RC8lBbyRo751R_F.rr0u9nbwW7cDOS6wWHufJleJyv7_FVJWHWH0DuKRvRU5IRyHfchYbHETYKIEzNhARp6mR0aYfJ1GSaChjDR3Ta4Rdsc45BpYD7K3.pKBL7Dxr6bK9qEfqAq9CYrBSdR0Ml9uStpOanu.oNGggwVk4kPT.zN0Q1LD7ueay_gMqb1pEbyPB7IZT0kf9vQTOfHWOXLjtKZxWrc83S9Fcwqqdl5MlZsYnALfIwy76JOwDvF46OKsiAlms0Nd_xB73JSNeG9e2vETGmxImqfNPmeLDdOo2y3jSCKnZyrVHsXn6lBFDZOEAM_R0ApjI5Jy_Qtw7BGP1pi1FTHXWdOQHW7SpDN37vCvP.Dm0FMDdrK0knKpffYOFVLdRNkCRkv1VcIvuN6LMofwvk3j9b7xsYJbQsY1CDXeMAzRG0WveZ8eWLVhQRx_j9mvp6TCK1bRip7vXNUCuvoX03oLBkwZK.PpTcynlAaY_UHZZP8oA8lLaU2KwLBEKVcvRotK4VMRt63rSsJnyfE0qYI0mkqFbPXuwIJhwpzsO3cZa75kSDRfzlMdaru9iswRZG3JbUulgSw7B_9ts.0V20baki4t_M4aBnNpjpR7zp3kASZ8C_Av8qrfviFD4ruc8qFEarPBkDUbPvDCI6kfLV9CD6.9ayU_l.I28YWfaCX5RCJNtkiOEpQ7OtGoDyr2CpKng4Yru5BNwsCPO1b6ArL3Lngoq7kQf1HR_i138CfbJUajEAGKtucCd5xld876CLiFE_YsKkTTBa65hp0pQi5jxcGEK_4wWbfqq.R2qogZlUegGJSNXcwk6x6y1QVRGx2SiqlFsEUrgfX.N_857txRyktlRp.nO3LoyJJQHj._Q1hgOB9WtqnuKdno7q9jHwGFZreDGuHB.M_KpBrK7r5yaY3hDiMdYQkwKql42mGRVZDX6IAVMuzAUcdfJgGLQbgnRwRoXtq_oIRPijNlZSuiG5PBBt.qbzGnJfUvRvuGLNTybUCAxmRVCTeQIhaE6HrD8GUQsXM2CWr0ihFMlN12SFx_rLEROKxV23k8bNGHQCYQmuB9Qeuoyu5udfp6iKw_y1xIewr8ImVD9_tFc7LCy.Vo9Rmvtc.WnGSMh7S32jWbZYJ5AkQSyZJ13SQVTfTAa3SPHU23049kg1rhX0NDMfgOtfSonxPEN.Zoy6.G683fJ3WToHxR9fsXLebVve7t5q7WOljGCLYvTjlJZq7KtNmt0JKiZCLcRvQ9Th5SZ9AYjq3jhnCXwcrVJKy8DmvFgKA_bMvL5z06B8hyiTMYTEZp6VqUbxMAPL8_m2aLbuq9Nn1y3T.oq8RhkEGibhvV7WAz0NRKEF7ZTFE6p1.tWSY5VUD9nv76h9mhNmt9TGgIKS.YBd8HsyGgRzRcptuAzFxUkSwOfSml.pg_uWujgjSEanEl17fcuqSCrK3hqG6Q1b3KmF.MK8Ba6j7AcWM8bGx2xxSW67tgQtj9Xc1XdYHuc6xPx4VjiS4EviLdksb5SH2Msy829UkwdhNpR49C330ABNg00YX3DUyjhKxwr72DkG2AClijwPsV78.F6tRJcvmhYdX2r0iPGshdcbCzCl5DVWeOdREVyEr_xCwDMt6O10oCvGQuxnn6qhjc8LpgFWf8WlJAskfmUd1z7Tizv8T2RjO.SEeNeNw3Aad0_FfWk2UWRJZIC9WjLutSxgO4B5Hskrnye8qzCp.lwcKrRcozNLPPCOOp6jDNXRw63MGvUGFQiG0duPAQ37Hgk_aw3FbsZe1LAqLiu8FRW0HScTTNZn4Gq5MuLoiwANtzOpyPvKI.nujnpaNaXvf8NBqzKwZUvFvJDcHym8FqsFE",mdrd: "Z04fqMkEo2SfCVtIxgYFxH4EAOl9yhtSUk8kQwEKj84-1739792394-1.2.1.1-iaKux14hs5pkgwtNh6gvFT2lieyJ70Mi14eHIkJkTS8CLOVlLO8xoG9FzuVZ2kc8bcvpxVnnanhJk8ZTnFpqvlUvngOBH045zy2jVwi7b3R4hSn9Ag8ftoDa8mVxi6TXb3CQ.mE52_FPm_1cfMgpjiGa3ljFevMNQCQdIEJIU33IbcU5YWLLflSj0cnw677hjjOG2Kicqnc82Ch9BEvlT.vpbeO6sjwtnlibndjLZXbXlNJfynjv49M7mjQ4dzteCFLteqru1sLa9ib6Wse.vvscH23rySnVqd21BG84nOPQkMtlEjzt03MChdLY9VpPOSrHGI1Hjfx0L2oibxz_UgsHa9l9GRUgy_xZ6U8qpYre.lI3cDa4TpvfIBetvCEGYnw08b9p.rtWKi_cCS9fh7jYy8zhVcVdIVBjwe7xRxsUA6j3nC_X6050ukvbT9sgGBtSGqOI2NVV4mn2vGKzjejq1gAdZXUMju9lyfjcxSc9YmR3fkQ6U_EHaVB8NamPLvKItqOEwKlY5u7OPXBPnZiz5R.eryNWfHatFi9QV73dCqS6WWqKRnJgqCUHXgj8SfZw8xQxLsYTSZFXDvXozyRc_6KA_GeNaFntYzFh5j1Cu18imzF3lU952G7SJXRu9MbIiPICUF.1pb4ylG6ETOTlTqC4n_3L2T1q1y3QXE1.nh06eb7h9.dkxTKIaaBMFcc4_iwmIbnbGQPFi7BN08rYpd1An5T4oaBdnDozzaoYUmBB76sIR0aSdv3b0Sc8247EqljLyDHIkAX_geRtROUPhNXGIgVzjuqva17DMIVcceJS.Pp3VpPb79P9p5AU9CIEJIJu2Wr8DL1.P9injayIfrzvjd7XIpiWeYCxO4ZmbO1TBuH7gEDMJThEz3OUH98KEibeU.FAW3x7fCrRTKmnAwiYTKqFQxjW9dxmeF52YqoiMrpgSyhjfOhGgiZso80A4vzh5oHmi91uLTfiE8syHoVNdqnhWEqiqZQ7LNrROAYQail_x_.quxkV.clPzMUjl.01Wi_mB0OIpf0mpaXdUbAJEBi3sKKxS91tRcR6XV1HKd_zg0pUq6Fr8811JJ7l01YwYHPL1Log.rcQm7lQS0ZduXMm2BTQLpNHktIHPc2J3VO0_ape9ZEno7O8MEXuvgIingK6nlUXGC6TPYTN77iYCgwWV1wWSZxzPwSq1Xnnvh9OGwmD650RLa55r_bqfaqa2OZnC7dHPgPXoecCS5Hizd.gwK08RdIemSTDrq6uKZdi3O2Rl1jf_YQee4u9SuGnrAu77drZnQPDmWkIaI4amkTfCBOjmFHV81WC.3Y0TpinrLLJHmS_ZpnyqYgNaYKMag2oI8AzPCv_eJMBj2QdXQx9B_qnyDXkfAGyhF4FEt69XLqjVYThXzWSXYYVlcX5ryjlk_vKWiShUtFQSxLL3cE0sPQktKGV0DMEHrIKnTkBNwMxAfWeUPMMTayWIkNVUdx9ZxGTpooYJdcRAXAL4KulsMPQ1517ngJ4K8S.0gBm0dz9XRI3qLLlk3__dxkhMf89209QneKgDvzDhROo.f1RniQhLXcYC3RiE1ksDDH_Jtvent7qtqV84Lohd2GObNZ_j2XahP7GYYrMdrWfYsPD2px335Jsx_dkTta2hvCQexcFnQYEmr8zwq4POszreglvbtSJIt0uoF20tLdr4TABjBPgiDxRzzazNpEFuEvXcIpKk9HYYNEj_.B7FiCDRh6galQqVRvutHOUwHoi_IZU00o4sm6dltRtL09oH8UBeitwSFQHYe1aAh3f4rP9GQgCaJ2wVO6SyjnpYFT.YBfvTI_3zyviUVsjCgFCRMQ31ArxLmBhNZTUqg.xF.l9alVCamnbnUYnzyO7b360G2InX9igTxDmEfumvrIPmpPFF.IcVD2IJB1677dl.lOqUTUiTLd0rW5A.vgZWw89_M3R58XvAdeMcUKa8xlVBng5pSeSa_rsIZ3."};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357fe15e9b4697';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/16997\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=mMb3pgSeh83GbiTiis5j1yiKh2uyN5r3s7ly7X2PPmI-1739792394-1.0.1.1-.5yd39HFcVy.28RrLqPxd.Fu79_auRnKeofCOiFPhmc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>