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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=VXA" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Market context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VXA-3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VXA-3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>VXA-3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VXA-3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cartridge_/_tape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartridge_/_tape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cartridge / tape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartridge_/_tape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_/_drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_/_drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mechanism / drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_/_drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tape_and_drive_together" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tape_and_drive_together"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tape and drive together</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tape_and_drive_together-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d9/Vxa-logo.png" decoding="async" width="183" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="68" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>VXA</b> is a tape backup format originally created by <a href="/wiki/Ecrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecrix">Ecrix</a> and now owned by <a href="/wiki/Tandberg_Data" title="Tandberg Data">Tandberg Data</a>. After the merger between Ecrix and Exabyte on 17 November 2001, VXA was produced by <a href="/wiki/Exabyte_Corporation" title="Exabyte Corporation">Exabyte Corporation</a>. On November 20, 2006, Exabyte was purchased by Tandberg Data that has since stopped further development of the format.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exabyte and Ecrix describe the data format as "packet technology."<sup id="cite_ref-vxa-whitepaper_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vxa-whitepaper-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since VXA is based on <a href="/wiki/Helical_scan" title="Helical scan">helical scan</a> technology, data is written across the tape from side to side in helical strips. </p><p>The novel part of VXA packet technology is that each stripe starts with a unique packet ID and ends with an ECC packet checksum. As each stripe is written to tape, it is immediately read back to verify that the write was successful. </p><p>If the write was not 100% successful the packet can be rewritten at another point on the tape without stopping. When the data is read back, the packets are reassembled into a "buffer" by their packet ID.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buffer has 3 additional ECCs to ensure data integrity. </p><p>Another aspect of VXA is that there are 2 read heads for each stripe, slightly offset in relation to each other to allow for more flexibility in reading tapes written by other drives. </p><p>Due to the relatively slow tape speed inherent to helical scan technology, the drive is able to stop and start the tape much more quickly to avoid the need to backhitch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_context">Market context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Market context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The VXA format competes mainly against the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT-IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Generation </th> <th>VXA-1 </th> <th>VXA-2 </th> <th>VXA-3 </th> <th>VXA-4 </th> <th>VXA-5 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Release date </td> <td>1999</td> <td>2002</td> <td>2005</td> <td><i>Unreleased</i></td> <td><i>Unreleased</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max native (uncompressed) capacity (GB) </td> <td>33</td> <td>80</td> <td>160</td> <td><i>320</i></td> <td><i>640</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max speed (MB/s) </td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> <td><i>24</i></td> <td><i>48</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Encoding </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eight-to-fourteen_modulation" title="Eight-to-fourteen modulation">EFM</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Partial-response_maximum-likelihood" title="Partial-response maximum-likelihood">PRML</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Track width </td> <td>9.1 μm</td> <td></td> <td>5.7 μm</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Head </td> <td></td> <td>Ferrite</td> <td>TFMR</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VXA-3">VXA-3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: VXA-3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exabyte released two different product lines based on VXA-3 technology,<b> VXA-320</b> in 2005 and <b>VXA-172</b> in 2006. VXA-172 drives are limited to 86 GB per tape cartridge, but can be unlocked (for a fee) to remove the limit. They are otherwise the same. VXA-3 was the first helical scan system in production to feature thin film <a href="/wiki/Disk_read-and-write_head#Magnetoresistance_and_giant_magnetoresistance" title="Disk read-and-write head">MR</a> heads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Data Capacity figures above are for uncompressed data. Exabyte assumes a 2x compression factor in their marketing material.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Media was released on two families (V and X), with different capacities based on the length of the tape, and the drive it is being used in. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Product </th> <th>V6 </th> <th>V10 </th> <th>V17 </th> <th>V23 </th> <th>X6 </th> <th>X10 </th> <th>X23 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length (Meters) </td> <td>62m</td> <td>107m</td> <td>170m</td> <td>230m</td> <td>62m</td> <td>124m</td> <td>230m </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Native Capacity</b> </td> <td colspan="7"><i>(when used in the given type of drive - empty means not compatible)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VXA-1</td> <td>12 GB</td> <td>20 GB</td> <td>33 GB</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VXA-2</td> <td>20 GB</td> <td>40 GB</td> <td>60 GB</td> <td>80 GB</td> <td>20 GB</td> <td>40 GB</td> <td>80 GB </td></tr> <tr> <td>VXA-172</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>40 GB</td> <td>86 GB</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VXA-320</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>160 GB</td> <td>40 GB</td> <td>86 GB</td> <td>160 GB </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cartridge_/_tape"><span id="Cartridge_.2F_tape"></span>Cartridge / tape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cartridge / tape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed float-left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA tape V17 (170m), top view"><img alt="VXA tape V17 (170m), top view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg/239px-Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg/359px-Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg/478px-Vxa-tape-v17-top-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA tape V17 (170m), top view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA tape V17 (170m), bottom view"><img alt="VXA tape V17 (170m), bottom view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg/241px-Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg/363px-Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg/483px-Vxa-tape-v17-bottom-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA tape V17 (170m), bottom view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA tape V17 (170m), partially disassembled"><img alt="VXA tape V17 (170m), partially disassembled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg/255px-Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg/384px-Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg/511px-Vxa-tape-v17-cartridge-disassembled-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2664" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA tape V17 (170m), partially disassembled</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA tape V17 (170m x 8mm) magnetic tape, no cover"><img alt="VXA tape V17 (170m x 8mm) magnetic tape, no cover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg/300px-Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg/451px-Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg/600px-Vxa-tape-cartridge-nocover-top-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA tape V17 (170m x 8mm) magnetic tape, no cover</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_/_drive"><span id="Mechanism_.2F_drive"></span>Mechanism / drive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mechanism / drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed float-left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 256.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 254.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive, front bezel view"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive, front bezel view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg/382px-Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg/573px-Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg/763px-Vxa1-drive-front-qtr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3532" data-file-height="2084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive, front bezel view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape, drive, cover removed, top front view"><img alt="VXA-1 tape, drive, cover removed, top front view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg/300px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg/451px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg/600px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape, drive, cover removed, top front view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive, cover removed, top view"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive, cover removed, top view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg/300px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg/451px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg/600px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive, cover removed, top view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive, rear view, showing ATAPI interface"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive, rear view, showing ATAPI interface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg/300px-Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg/451px-Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg/600px-Vxa1-drive-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive, rear view, showing ATAPI interface</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 288.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 286.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="bottom rear, showing original and rebrand labels"><img alt="bottom rear, showing original and rebrand labels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg/430px-Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg" decoding="async" width="287" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg/646px-Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg/860px-Vxa1-drive-ecrix-label-under-compaq-label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">bottom rear, showing original and rebrand labels</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 378px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 376px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="front view, cover and bezel removed, rotary head visible"><img alt="front view, cover and bezel removed, rotary head visible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg/564px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="376" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg/847px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg/1128px-Vxa1-drive-nocover-nobezel-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">front view, cover and bezel removed, rotary head visible</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tape_and_drive_together">Tape and drive together</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tape and drive together"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed float-left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive with tape inserted"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive with tape inserted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg/265px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg/398px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg/529px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="2656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive with tape inserted</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded and threaded"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded and threaded" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg/268px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg/402px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg/535px-Vxa1-drive-loading-tape-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3228" data-file-height="2716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded and threaded</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from right side"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from right side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg/300px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg/451px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg/600px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-rightside-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from right side</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from rear left"><img alt="VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from rear left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg/300px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg/451px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg/600px-Vxa1-drive-loaded-tape-path-leftside-rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">VXA-1 tape drive with tape loaded, view from rear left</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phone call with Tandberg technical support, speaking to a former Exabyte engineer on July 2, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vxa-whitepaper-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vxa-whitepaper_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/documentation/whitepapers/PDF%20to%20HTML/vxa/vxa/html/vxa_1.htm">Exabyte whitepaper describing VXA Packet Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822044733/http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/documentation/whitepapers/PDF%20to%20HTML/vxa/vxa/html/vxa_1.htm">Archived</a> 2010-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vxa.com/about-vxa/reference/packet_technology.cfm">Another VXA Packets explanation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vxa.com/DDS_to_VXA_V3.pdf">Exabyte's DDS to VXA migration sales pitch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vxa.com/DLT_to_VXA_V3.pdf">Exabyte's DLT to VXA migration sales pitch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>ECMA-316</i>. 2001. pp. 54, 77–83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ECMA-316&rft.pages=54%2C+77-83&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVXA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VXA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:VXA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:VXA">VXA</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-316.htm">ECMA 316</a> Specification of VXA-1.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-222.htm">ECMA 222</a> Specification of ALDC, the data compression standard for VXA-1.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vxa.com">VXA Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Template talk:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic_tape_data_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic tape data formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magnetic-tape_data_storage_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wide (19–25.4 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7340" title="IBM 7340">IBM 7340</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LINC#LINCTape" title="LINC">LINCtape</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage#IBM_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tape data storage">CDC 626</a> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNISERVO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISERVO">UNISERVO</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_7-track" title="IBM 7-track">IBM 7-track</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TX-2_Tape_System" title="TX-2 Tape System">TX-2 Tape System</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-track_tape" title="9-track tape">9-track</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3480_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 3480 Family">IBM 3480</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3590" title="IBM 3590">IBM 3590</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9840</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T9940</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">LTO Ultrium</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_3592" title="IBM 3592">IBM 3592</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">T10000</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travan" title="Travan">Travan</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Magstar_MP_3570" title="IBM Magstar MP 3570">IBM 3570 MP</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Digital_Recording" title="Advanced Digital Recording">ADR</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quarter inch (6.35 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarter-inch_cartridge" title="Quarter-inch cartridge">QIC</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalable_Linear_Recording" title="Scalable Linear Recording">SLR</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditto_(drive)" title="Ditto (drive)">Ditto</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Eighth" (0.15) inch (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D/CAS" title="D/CAS">D/CAS</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_standard" title="Kansas City standard">KC standard, Compact Cassette</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC100" title="DC100">DC100</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Cassette_Interface" title="Tarbell Cassette Interface">Tarbell Cassette Interface</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Datasette" title="Commodore Datasette">Commodore Datasette</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape#DECtape_II" title="DECtape">DECtape II</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_cassette_tape" title="IBM cassette tape">IBM PC Cassette</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stringy (1.58–1.9 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exatron_Stringy_Floppy" title="Exatron Stringy Floppy">Exatron Stringy Floppy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Microdrive" title="ZX Microdrive">ZX Microdrive</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QL_Microdrive" class="mw-redirect" title="QL Microdrive">QL Microdrive</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotronics_Wafadrive" title="Rotronics Wafadrive">Rotronics Wafadrive</a> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three quarter inch (19 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sony <a href="/wiki/Digital_Instrumentation_Recorder" title="Digital Instrumentation Recorder">DIR</a> (19xx)</li> <li>Ampex <a href="/wiki/Data_Storage_Technology" title="Data Storage Technology">DST</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half inch (12.7 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArVid" title="ArVid">ArVid</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorageTek_tape_formats" title="StorageTek tape formats">Redwood SD-3</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Tape_Format" title="Digital Tape Format">DTF</a> (19xx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">SAIT</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight millimeter (8 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data8" title="Data8">Data8</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data8#Mammoth" title="Data8">Mammoth</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">AIT</a> (1996)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VXA</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four millimeter (3.81 mm)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS/DAT</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Template talk:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma_International_Standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecma International Standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Standards_of_Ecma_International" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Standards of <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ANSI escape code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_Programming_Interface_for_Windows" title="Application Programming Interface for Windows">APIW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">Common Language Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">OpenXPS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecma_International_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/100px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/150px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/200px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (tape)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Intelligent_Tape" title="Advanced Intelligent Tape">Advanced Intelligent Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">DDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Super DLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a> (Ultrium-1)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VXA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File systems (disk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CD File System</a> (CDFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16">FAT16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">Ultra Density Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">Universal Media Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_3D" title="Universal 3D">Universal 3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)" title="Eiffel (programming language)">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (<a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">E4X</a>, <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">Minimal BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">Full BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio link interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">UWB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ECMA-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecma_standards" title="List of Ecma standards">List of Ecma standards</a> (1961 – present)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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