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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medieval period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Offence_through_human_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offence_through_human_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Offence through human actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offence_through_human_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harming_and_scaring_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harming_and_scaring_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Harming and scaring humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harming_and_scaring_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_fertility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_fertility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Association with fertility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_fertility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banning_and_criticism_of_belief_and_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banning_and_criticism_of_belief_and_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Banning and criticism of belief and worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banning_and_criticism_of_belief_and_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_scholarship" 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class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Landvættir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttur" title="Landvættur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Landvættur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Landvættir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB" title="ランドヴェーッティル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランドヴェーッティル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landvaettir" title="Landvaettir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Landvaettir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Landvættir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ландветте – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ландветте" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landv%C3%A4ttar" title="Landvättar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Landvättar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ландветте – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ландветте" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Beings in Old Nordic religion, later folklore and modern Heathenry</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Four beings commonly identified as landvættir, as described in the <a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a> version of <a href="/wiki/%C3%93l%C3%A1fs_saga_Tryggvasonar" title="Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar">Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">supporters</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland" title="Coat of arms of Iceland">coat of arms of Iceland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Landvættir</b> ("land spirits" or "land <a href="/wiki/Wight" title="Wight">wights</a>") are spirits of the land in <a href="/wiki/Old_Nordic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Nordic religion">Old Nordic religion</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian folklore">folk belief</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Heathenry" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Heathenry">modern Heathenry</a>. They are closely associated with specific locations and their wellbeing is presented as being required for the land they inhabit to be fruitful. In Old Norse sources, they are depicted as being potentially harmful and capable of driving away unwanted individuals and capable of being frightened through human actions such as usage of carved figureheads on ships or <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0stang" class="mw-redirect" title="Níðstang">níðstangs</a>. Good relationships between humans and landvættir were believed to be fostered through acts like leaving out food for them however upon the <a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Scandinavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianisation of Scandinavia">establishment of the church</a>, the practice was labelled heretical and explicitly forbidden in the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Gulating" title="Gulating">Gulating</a> law codes. </p><p>Landvættir have been variously connected by scholars to other beings believed to inhabit the land such as <a href="/wiki/Elves" class="mw-redirect" title="Elves">elves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">dwarfs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">landdísir</a>, with which they were potentially identified at different points in history. Their belief and veneration has been revived in the modern period as part of the practice of <a href="/wiki/Modern_Heathens" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Heathens">modern Heathens</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_etymology">Name and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wight" title="Wight">Wight</a></div> <p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Vættr</i></span> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Vættir</i></span>) can be translated as "wight" or "being" and is derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-West_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-West Germanic">Proto-West Germanic</a> '*wihti' from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a>: *<i lang="gem">wihtiz</i> from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a>: '*wekti' ("cause, sake, thing"), from Proto-Indo-European "*wekʷ-" ("to say, tell").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOID-Vættr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOID-Vættr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thus cognate with <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">wiht</i> and its descendants <a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">wight</i> or <a href="/wiki/Middle_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle English language">Middle English</a>: <i lang="enm">wiȝt</i> and Modern English "wight". It is further cognate with <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">wicht</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wicht</i>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Wicht</i> and is the ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">vätte</i>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">vætte</i> and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>: <i lang="is">vættur</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEwight_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEwight-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a compound, <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">land-vættir</i></span> has been variously translated as "guardian spirits of a country", "land-spirits", "landwights" or "nature spirits".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOID-Landvættr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOID-Landvættr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoetzel2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoetzel2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offence_through_human_actions">Offence through human actions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Offence through human actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_(Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg/220px-Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg/330px-Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg/440px-Cf34567_403_C55000_100_Dyrehodestolpe_Oseberg_Akademikeren_profil._Kulturhistorisk_museum_UiO_Oslo_Norway_%28Kirsten_Helgeland_CC_BY-SA_4.0%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3547" data-file-height="4966" /></a><figcaption>Carved animal headed posts from the <a href="/wiki/Oseberg_ship_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Oseberg ship burial">Oseberg ship burial</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Alflj%C3%B3tsl%C7%ABg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Úlfljótslǫg (page does not exist)">Úlfljótslǫg</a>, a law aiming to prevent upsetting landvættir: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Þat var upphaf inna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldu eigi hafa höfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka höfuð, áðr þeir kæmi í lands sýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi höfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælist við.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>It was the beginning of the preamble of the heathen laws that men should not take ships to sea with carved figure heads upon their sterns, but if they did, they should take them off before they came in sight of land and not sail to land with gaping heads or yawning snouts lest the guardian feys of the land should be scared thereat." </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandnámabók_(4)_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandnámabók_(4)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> Translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÞorgilssonEllwood1898177_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÞorgilssonEllwood1898177-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Eyrbyggja_saga" title="Eyrbyggja saga">Eyrbyggja saga</a> depicts human waste is depicted as scaring elves, identified by some scholars as landvættir. In this account, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfr_Mostrarskegg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þórólfr Mostrarskegg (page does not exist)">Þórólfr Mostrarskegg</a> sets aside a skerry that he names <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Dritsker</i></span> ("Shit-skerry") so that they would not defile with their faeces <a href="/wiki/Helgafell_(Sveitarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0_Stykkish%C3%B3lmur)" title="Helgafell (Sveitarfélagið Stykkishólmur)">Helgafell</a>, which he held holy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelpstead20148–9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelpstead20148–9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harming_and_scaring_humans">Harming and scaring humans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Harming and scaring humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landvættir are often depicted as deeply connected to a particular place and as being willing and able to harm people who live there if the landvættir do not consider them welcome. <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a> for example describes how two brothers, Ingólf and Hjörleif, went to settle Iceland from Norway. Ingólf performed <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">blóts</a> often while his brother did not. Hjörleif was later killed by his <a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">thralls</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%B6rleifsh%C3%B6f%C3%B0i" title="Hjörleifshöfði">Hjörleifshöfði</a> which Ingólf attributes to his lack of adherence to <a href="/wiki/Old_Nordic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Nordic religion">heathen customs</a>. Later, the book states that no one dared live where Hjörleif settled because of the landvættir. Consistent with other accounts, this depicts Iceland as inhabited by landvættir and has been further argued to represent a belief that they may harm settlers if the appropriate ritual precautions are not carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative suggestions have been made such as that the landvættir were angry because of the spilling of blood on the land they inhabited or that they had been frightened by it and so the land would not prosper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchanda20184_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchanda20184-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They further feature in saga literature, for example in the <a href="/wiki/Heimskringla" title="Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a> version of <a href="/wiki/%C3%93l%C3%A1fs_saga_Tryggvasonar" title="Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar">Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar</a> when they drive away a possible invasion from <a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Haraldr konungr bauð kungum manni at fara í hamförum til Íslands ok freista hvat hann kynni segja honum. Sá fór í hvals líki. En er hann kom til landsins, þá fór hann vestr fyrir norðan landit; hann sá at fjöll öll ok hólar váru full af landvættum, sumt stórt en sumt smátt.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>King Harald told a warlock to hie to Iceland in some altered shape, and to try what he could learn there to tell him: and he set out in the shape of a whale. And when he came near to the land he went to the west side of Iceland, north around the land, where he saw all the mountains and hills full of guardian- spirits, some great, some small. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> Translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After this, the man in whale-shape swims around Iceland and each time he reaches a new part he is driven away. First by a large <a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">dragon</a> followed by snakes, toads and lizards who blew atter, or poison, at him, then a great bird with many smaller birds, next a large bull followed by landvættir and finally a huge <a href="/wiki/Bergrisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergrisi">bergrisi</a> with an iron staff followed by many other jötnar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether all these protective beings were considered landvættir, given that the bull is explicitly said to be followed by landvættir, however, the four figures are what most Icelanders understand by the term. It is further unclear if the imagery of these four beings is drawn from traditional lore, but scholars typically belief it is heavily influenced by Christian imagery of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116–117_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116–117-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been noted that in an account of this same event from <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3msv%C3%ADkinga_saga" title="Jómsvíkinga saga">Jómsvíkinga saga</a> does not reference the magic-worker or the landvættir. <a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%BDtlinga_saga" title="Knýtlinga saga">Knýtlinga saga</a>, however, retells the account from Heimskringla and refers to the beings instead as óvættir ("evil spirits"), consistent with it being told from a Danish perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Egils_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Egils saga">Egils saga</a>, when in Norway, <a href="/wiki/Egil_Skallagr%C3%ADmsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Egil Skallagrímsson">Egil Skallagrímsson</a> erects a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0st%C3%B6ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Níðstöng">níðstöng</a>, a horses head on a stake, as an insult to the landvættir. He curses them to not be able to find their dwellings until they have driven <a href="/wiki/Erik_Bloodaxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik Bloodaxe">Erik Bloodaxe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild</a> from Norway. The two are forced to abandon Norway the next year, although the saga intentionally leaves the cause unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_fertility">Association with fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Association with fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG/220px-Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG/330px-Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG/440px-Hjorleifshofdi10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%B6rleifsh%C3%B6f%C3%B0i" title="Hjörleifshöfði">Hjörleifshöfði</a> where, according to Landnámabók, a man named Hjörleif was killed by his thralls and that was later not settled out of fear of landvættir.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a>, one account describes a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">bergbúi</i></span> ("rock-dweller") making an agreement with a man named Björn, who had few goats after fleeing from a lava flow. After this, a billy goat appears and has many children with his nanny goats, making him rich from all the livestock he owned. It describes that landvættir could be seen with Björn by those who had <a href="/wiki/Second_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Second sight">second sight</a>. It has been proposed that in this context, <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">bergbúar</i></span> are synonymous with landvættr, supported by the idea that landvættir live in stones, mountains and hills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchanda20185_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchanda20185-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been further suggested that in return, Björn may have been expected to make food offerings, as is recorded as being performed by women for landvættir in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heimsl%C3%BDsing_ok_Helgifr%C5%93%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði (page does not exist)">Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði</a>, a homily found in the <a href="/wiki/Hauksb%C3%B3k" title="Hauksbók">Hauksbók</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this account, the women take food to stone piles or flat stones, hoping that in return the landvættir would make them prosperous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banning_and_criticism_of_belief_and_worship">Banning and criticism of belief and worship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Banning and criticism of belief and worship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Gulating" title="Gulating">Gulating</a> laws, written in the latter half of the 13th century, made illegal the belief that <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">howes</a>, wooded areas and <a href="/wiki/Waterfalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls">waterfalls</a>, were inhabited by landvættir, considering it a heresy and belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">heathen religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanmark2010167–168_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanmark2010167–168-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the author of the homily Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði states that the willingness of some women to give offerings to landvættir results from their stupidity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_scholarship">Further scholarship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further scholarship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relation_to_other_beings">Relation to other beings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relation to other beings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landvættir have been discussed in relation to <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">landdísasteinar</i></span> (<span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">landdísir</a></i></span> stones). These are stones in northwestern Iceland that were described as having been respected as late as the 19th century, with it being seen as inappropriate to mow grass or let children play near them. The term <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">landdísir</i></span>is not attested in Old Norse sources but can be reconstructed from the term <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">landdísasteinar</i></span>, where they were likely believed to dwell. Based on this living in rocks, it has been proposed that they are closely connected to landvættir and it has been noted that other beings in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic folklore">Germanic folklore</a> are believed to live in these places too such as elves and <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">dwarfs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2008185–186_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2008185–186-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relationships between people and landvættir have been further linked to a wider pattern of people in the same cultural context worshipping and receiving advice from spirits living in waterfalls, woods, and rocks at which they would make offerings. This is attested in Landnámabok, which records settlers giving offerings to a waterfall and a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">holy grove</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond this, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eorvalds_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr_vi%C3%B0f%C7%ABrla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þorvalds þáttr viðfǫrla (page does not exist)">Þorvalds þáttr viðfǫrla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kristni_saga" title="Kristni saga">Kristni saga</a> recount a tale in which an Icelandic farmer named Koðrán has a partnership with a spirit living in a stone referred to as a <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">spámaðr</i></span> or <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">ármaðr</i></span> which is eventually driven away when a bishop sprinkles the stone in which it lived with holy water. It has been noted that the being is likely modelled on landvættir and <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">bergbúar</i></span>, closely resembling their portrayals in other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2022132_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2022132-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars have suggested that landvættir are <a href="/wiki/Chthonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonic">chthonic</a> and spirits of the dead, but others have interpreted them as nature spirits, since they sometimes live in land that has never been populated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Vries1956260_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Vries1956260-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been argued that in early 12th century Iceland, álfar and landvættir were conceived of as distinct beings, with landvættir living in fells and hills, and elves being more similar to gods. The account of a <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">blót</a> being made to elves living in a hill in <a href="/wiki/Kormaks_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kormaks saga">Kormaks saga</a>, according to this proposition, would be an early stage in the merging of the two beings. The folklorish representation of elves would be a result of this later conflation, seen in later saga material like <a href="/wiki/Norna-Gests_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr" title="Norna-Gests þáttr">Norna-Gests þáttr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%B3lfs_saga_kraka" title="Hrólfs saga kraka">Hrólfs saga kraka</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ei%C3%B0riks_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Þiðriks saga">Þiðriks saga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007119–121_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007119–121-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absence_of_mythological_importance">Absence of mythological importance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Absence of mythological importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landvættir have been argued to not have had any role in <a href="/wiki/Nordic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic mythology">Nordic mythology</a> as they are not mentioned in any <a href="/wiki/Eddic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddic">Eddic</a> material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENygaard2021150_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENygaard2021150-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Heathenry">Modern Heathenry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern Heathenry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmundur_Ingi_Hansen" title="Jörmundur Ingi Hansen">Jörmundur Ingi Hansen</a>, former High Priest of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélagið</a>, said that landvættir are "spirits and they in some way control the safety of the land, the fertility of the land, and so on."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlain20007_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlain20007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to him, they are "tied to a spot in the landscape, to a huge rock, to a mountain, or to a specially beautiful place" and that place can be recognized by being more beautiful than "just a few yards away."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlain20007–8_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlain20007–8-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The four beings identified as the landvættir of Iceland are depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland" title="Coat of arms of Iceland">Icelandic coat of arms</a>, on the obverse of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_kr%C3%B3na" title="Icelandic króna">Icelandic króna</a> coins, and the team crest of Iceland's national football teams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteven_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteven-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEsi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEsi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a>, religious belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofgod" title="Cofgod">Cofgod</a>, Anglo-Saxon household gods</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_loci" title="Genius loci">Genius loci</a>, spirits of a place in classical Roman religion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a>, venerated beings in Shinto, often associated with natural sites</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Old Norse is: "<span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">En þæssir luttir heyra til villu ok hædins atrunaddar […] ok at trua a landvættir at se i lundum æda haugum æda forsum.</i></span>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOID-Vættr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOID-Vættr_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOID-Vættr">OID-Vættr</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE*wihtiz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF*wihtiz">*wihtiz</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEwight-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEwight_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFwight">wight</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOID-Landvættr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOID-Landvættr_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOID-Landvættr">OID-Landvættr</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1988103–104_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1988">Davidson 1988</a>, pp. 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoetzel2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoetzel2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoetzel2018">Noetzel 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunnell2007">Gunnell 2007</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandnámabók_(4)-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandnámabók_(4)_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandnámabók_(4)">Landnámabók (4)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÞorgilssonEllwood1898177-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÞorgilssonEllwood1898177_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÞorgilssonEllwood1898">Þorgilsson & Ellwood 1898</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelpstead20148–9-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelpstead20148–9_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhelpstead2014">Phelpstead 2014</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyland2013_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyland2013">Meyland 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchanda20184-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchanda20184_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchanda2018">Schanda 2018</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975232_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurville-Petre1975">Turville-Petre 1975</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar">Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1961Chapter_37_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturluson1961">Sturluson 1961</a>, Chapter 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116–117-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007116–117_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunnell2007">Gunnell 2007</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchanda20185-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchanda20185_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchanda2018">Schanda 2018</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurville-Petre1975233_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurville-Petre1975">Turville-Petre 1975</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanmark2010167–168-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanmark2010167–168_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanmark2010">Sanmark 2010</a>, pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2008185–186-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2008185–186_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimek2008">Simek 2008</a>, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2022132-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2022132_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2022">Hughes 2022</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Vries1956260-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Vries1956260_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Vries1956">de Vries 1956</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007119–121-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunnell2007119–121_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunnell2007">Gunnell 2007</a>, pp. 119–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENygaard2021150-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENygaard2021150_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNygaard2021">Nygaard 2021</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlain20007-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlain20007_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlain2000">Blain 2000</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlain20007–8-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlain20007–8_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlain2000">Blain 2000</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteven-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteven_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteven">Steven</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEsi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEsi_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFsi">si</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSturluson1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sacred-texts.com/neu/heim/07olaftr.htm"><i>Heimskringla. Part two, Sagas of the Norse Kings</i></a>. Translated by Laing, Samuel. London: Dent. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0460008471" title="Special:BookSources/0460008471"><bdi>0460008471</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heimskringla.+Part+two%2C+Sagas+of+the+Norse+Kings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Dent&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0460008471&rft.aulast=Sturluson&rft.aufirst=Snorri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsacred-texts.com%2Fneu%2Fheim%2F07olaftr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÞorgilssonEllwood1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ari_Thorgilsson" title="Ari Thorgilsson">Þorgilsson, Ari</a>; Ellwood, Thomas (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/booksettlementi00ellwgoog/page/n220/mode/2up"><i>The Book of the Settlement of Iceland: Tr. from the Original Icelandic of Ari the Learned</i></a>. T. Wilson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Settlement+of+Iceland%3A+Tr.+from+the+Original+Icelandic+of+Ari+the+Learned&rft.pub=T.+Wilson&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=%C3%9Eorgilsson&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft.au=Ellwood%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbooksettlementi00ellwgoog%2Fpage%2Fn220%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandnámabók_(4)" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heimskringla.no/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k_-_Fj%C3%B3r%C3%B0i_hluti">"Landnámabók (Part 4)"</a>. <i>heimskringla.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heimskringla.com&rft.atitle=Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k+%28Part+4%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheimskringla.no%2Fwiki%2FLandn%25C3%25A1mab%25C3%25B3k_-_Fj%25C3%25B3r%25C3%25B0i_hluti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaga_Ólafs_Tryggvasonar" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heimskringla.no/wiki/Saga_%C3%93lafs_Tryggvasonar">"Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar"</a>. <i>heimskringla.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heimskringla.no&rft.atitle=Saga+%C3%93lafs+Tryggvasonar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheimskringla.no%2Fwiki%2FSaga_%25C3%2593lafs_Tryggvasonar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landv%C3%A6ttir&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlain2000" class="citation book cs1">Blain, Jenny (2000). <i>Wights and Ancestors: Heathenism in a Living Landscape</i>. Wiltshire: Wyrd's Well. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0953904407" title="Special:BookSources/0953904407"><bdi>0953904407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wights+and+Ancestors%3A+Heathenism+in+a+Living+Landscape&rft.place=Wiltshire&rft.pub=Wyrd%27s+Well&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0953904407&rft.aulast=Blain&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1988" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythssymbolsinpa00davi/page/104/mode/2up"><i>Myths and symbols in pagan Europe : early Scandinavian and Celtic religions</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2207-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2207-4"><bdi>978-0-7190-2207-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+and+symbols+in+pagan+Europe+%3A+early+Scandinavian+and+Celtic+religions&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-2207-4&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Roderick+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythssymbolsinpa00davi%2Fpage%2F104%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vries1956" class="citation journal cs1">de Vries, Jan (1956). "Das heilige Amt". <i>Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte</i>. <b>1</b>: 260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Altgermanische+Religionsgeschichte&rft.atitle=Das+heilige+Amt&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=260&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=de+Vries&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell2007" class="citation journal cs1">Gunnell, Terry (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/16232734">"How Elvish were the Álfar?"</a>. <i>Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth</i>. Making the Middle Ages. <b>9</b>. Brepols Publishers: 111–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2Fm.mmages-eb.3.3608">10.1484/m.mmages-eb.3.3608</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-52393-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-52393-4"><bdi>978-2-503-52393-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163209884">163209884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Constructing+Nations%2C+Reconstructing+Myth&rft.atitle=How+Elvish+were+the+%C3%81lfar%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=111-130&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163209884%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2Fm.mmages-eb.3.3608&rft.isbn=978-2-503-52393-4&rft.aulast=Gunnell&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F16232734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2022" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Thomas Andrew (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/346783/18_ISC_Pre-print-content.pdf?sequence=1#page=128">"[Dixit] non se carere posse consortio praedecessorum suorum, 'He said he was unable to be without his predecessors': Attitudes towards the damnation of heathen ancestors in Old Norse-Icelandic literature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sagas and the Circum-Baltic Arena</i>. <b>18</b>: 128–134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sagas+and+the+Circum-Baltic+Arena&rft.atitle=%5BDixit%5D+non+se+carere+posse+consortio+praedecessorum+suorum%2C+%27He+said+he+was+unable+to+be+without+his+predecessors%27%3A+Attitudes+towards+the+damnation+of+heathen+ancestors+in+Old+Norse-Icelandic+literature&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=128-134&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelda.helsinki.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10138%2F346783%2F18_ISC_Pre-print-content.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%23page%3D128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyland2013" class="citation journal cs1">Meyland, Nicolas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-revue-de-l-histoire-des-religions-2013-3-page-333.htm#no13">"The (Re)conversion of the "Spirits of the Land" in Medieval Iceland"</a>. <i>Revue de l'histoire des religions</i>. <b>230</b> (3): 333–354<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Iceland%27s+Goalkeeper-Film+Director+Makes+Reveal+Video+for+Bold+New+Crest&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2F2020%2F07%2F01%2Ficeland-new-crest-video-hannes-thor-halldorsson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandv%C3%A6ttir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Template:Anglo-Saxon paganism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Template talk:Anglo-Saxon paganism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Saxon paganism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Saxon_paganism_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon paganism</a> and mythology</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Gods and divine figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Ēse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowa" title="Beowa">Beowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ēostre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheda_(mythology)" title="Rheda (mythology)">Hretha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Ing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaxn%C4%93at" title="Seaxnēat">Saxnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Þunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Tiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_(folklore)" title="Wade (folklore)">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith" title="Wayland the Smith">Wayland the Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Wōden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Heroic figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agilaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Agilaz">Ægil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowa" title="Beowa">Beowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanaric" title="Ermanaric">Eormenric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finn_(Frisian)" title="Finn (Frisian)">Finn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceafa" title="Sceafa">Sceafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldere" title="Waldere">Waldere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Other beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cofgod" title="Cofgod">Cofgod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarf (Dweorh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idis_(Germanic)" title="Idis (Germanic)">Ides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">Eoten/Thurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_(folklore)" title="Mare (folklore)">Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixie_(folklore)" title="Nixie (folklore)">Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A6lcyrge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wælcyrge">Wælcyrge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wight" title="Wight">Wight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midgard" title="Midgard">Middangeard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%86cerbot" title="Æcerbot">Æcerbot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rune_poems#Anglo-Saxon_Rune_Poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune poems">Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_temporum_ratione" class="mw-redirect" title="De temporum ratione">De temporum ratione</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deor" title="Deor">Deor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ealuscerwen" title="Ealuscerwen">Ealuscerwen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnesburg_Fragment" title="Finnesburg Fragment">Finnesburg Fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine_Herbs_Charm" title="Nine Herbs Charm">Nine Herbs Charm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spong_Hill" title="Spong Hill">Spong Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wi%C3%B0_f%C3%A6rstice" title="Wið færstice">Wið færstice</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beot" title="Beot">Bēot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blōtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon burial">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" title="Early Germanic calendars">Early Germanic calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkmoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkmoot">Folkmoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frith" title="Frith">Frith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hearg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_law" title="Anglo-Saxon law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_metrical_charms" title="Anglo-Saxon metrical charms">Metrical charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moot_hill" title="Moot hill">Moot hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic cultures">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scop" title="Scop">Scop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbel" title="Symbel">Symbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thegn" title="Thegn">Thegn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyle" title="Thyle">Thyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weregild" title="Weregild">Weregild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" class="mw-redirect" title="Völva">Wicce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_and_islands_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Wetlands and islands in Germanic paganism">Wetlands and islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilweorthunga" title="Wilweorthunga">Wilweorthunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyrd" title="Wyrd">Wyrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#cc9;;width:1%">Modern pagan revival</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax-Wica" title="Seax-Wica">Seax-Wica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#cc9;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Category:Anglo-Saxon paganism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Old_Norse_religion_and_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d6dbbe;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Template:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Template talk:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_Norse_religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d6dbbe;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_items_and_places_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of people, items and places in Norse mythology">Mythological Norse people, items and places</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Deities</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a>,<br />and other figures</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alm%C3%A1ttki_%C3%A1ss" title="Almáttki áss">Almáttki áss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellingr" title="Dellingr">Dellingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti">Forseti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3%C3%B0r" title="Hermóðr">Hermóðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Höðr">Höðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtreksj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Ítreksjóð">Ítreksjóð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3%C3%B0urr" title="Lóðurr">Lóðurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ni" title="Máni">Máni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meili" title="Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0i_and_Magni" title="Móði and Magni">Móði and Magni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93%C3%B0r" title="Óðr">Óðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Týr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li" title="Váli">Váli (son of Odin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0arr" title="Víðarr">Víðarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili_and_V%C3%A9" title="Vili and Vé">Vili and Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Ásynjur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir" title="Eir">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Gná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADn" title="Hlín">Hlín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn">Iðunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmr" title="Ilmr">Ilmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Irpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofn" title="Lofn">Lofn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanna_(Norse_deity)" title="Nanna (Norse deity)">Nanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6run" title="Njörun">Njörun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1n" title="Rán">Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rindr" title="Rindr">Rindr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ga_and_S%C3%B6kkvabekkr" title="Sága and Sökkvabekkr">Sága</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif" title="Sif">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigyn" title="Sigyn">Sigyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6fn" title="Sjöfn">Sjöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_(Germanic_mythology)" title="Sól (Germanic mythology)">Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn_(goddess)" title="Syn (goddess)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1r" title="Vár">Vár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r" title="Vör">Vör</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersemi" title="Gersemi">Gersemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullveig" title="Gullveig">Gullveig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnoss" title="Hnoss">Hnoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasir" title="Kvasir">Kvasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister-wife_of_Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Sister-wife of Njörðr">Sister-wife of Njörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C3%B6tnar_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of jötnar in Norse mythology">Jötnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaldi" title="Alvaldi">Alvaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrbo%C3%B0a" title="Angrboða">Angrboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baugi" title="Baugi">Baugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_(j%C3%B6tunn)" title="Beli (jötunn)">Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergelmir" title="Bergelmir">Bergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestla" title="Bestla">Bestla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6l%C3%BEorn" title="Bölþorn">Bölþorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BDleistr" title="Býleistr">Býleistr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg%C3%BE%C3%A9r" title="Eggþér">Eggþér</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1rbauti" title="Fárbauti">Fárbauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lvar" title="Fjölvar">Fjölvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornj%C3%B3t" title="Fornjót">Fornjót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangr" title="Gangr">Gangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geirr%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Geirröðr">Geirröðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingr" title="Gillingr">Gillingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%A1lp_and_Greip" title="Gjálp and Greip">Gjálp and Greip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Gríðr">Gríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnl%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Gunnlöð">Gunnlöð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0greipr" title="Harðgreipr">Harðgreipr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helblindi" title="Helblindi">Helblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helreginn" title="Helreginn">Helreginn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hljod" title="Hljod">Hljod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">Hræsvelgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmger%C3%B0r" title="Hrímgerðr">Hrímgerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímnir">Hrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hro%C3%B0r" title="Hroðr">Hroðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrungnir" title="Hrungnir">Hrungnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrymr" title="Hrymr">Hrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymir" title="Hymir">Hymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrrokkin" title="Hyrrokkin">Hyrrokkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0i" title="Iði">Iði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dm" title="Ím">Ím</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnsaxa" title="Járnsaxa">Járnsaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(mythology)" title="Laufey (mythology)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leikn" title="Leikn">Leikn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logi_(mythology)" title="Logi (mythology)">Logi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6g%C3%BErasir" title="Mögþrasir">Mögþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi" title="Narfi">Narfi (father of Nott)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kkm%C3%ADmir" title="Sökkmímir">Sökkmímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtr" title="Surtr">Surtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttungr" title="Suttungr">Suttungr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B6kk" title="Þökk">Þökk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADvaldi" title="Þrívaldi">Þrívaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0gelmir" title="Þrúðgelmir">Þrúðgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymr" title="Þrymr">Þrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0a-Loki" title="Útgarða-Loki">Útgarða-Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaf%C3%BEr%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Vafþrúðnir">Vafþrúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0blindi" title="Víðblindi">Víðblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosud" title="Vosud">Vosud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rnir" title="Vörnir">Vörnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir" title="Ymir">Ymir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarfs_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of dwarfs in Norse mythology">Dwarfs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%ADss" title="Alvíss">Alvíss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andvari" title="Andvari">Andvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austri,_Vestri,_Nor%C3%B0ri_and_Su%C3%B0ri" title="Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri">Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingr" title="Billingr">Billingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1inn_(Norse_dwarf)" title="Dáinn (Norse dwarf)">Dáinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durinn" title="Durinn">Durinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BArnir" title="Dúrnir">Dúrnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvalinn" title="Dvalinn">Dvalinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1fnir" title="Fáfnir">Fáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_and_Galar" title="Fjalar and Galar">Fjalar and Galar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_(mythology)" title="Gandalf (mythology)">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrei%C3%B0marr" title="Hreiðmarr">Hreiðmarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tsognir" title="Mótsognir">Mótsognir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93tr" title="Ótr">Ótr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin" title="Regin">Regin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Sons of Ivaldi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brokkr" title="Brokkr">Brokkr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitri" title="Eitri">Eitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Germanic heroic legend">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend">List of figures in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_A" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, A"> A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_B%E2%80%93C" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, B–C"> B–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_D%E2%80%93E" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, D–E"> D–E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_F%E2%80%93G" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, F–G"> F–G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_H%E2%80%93He" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, H–He"> H–He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_Hi%E2%80%93Hy" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Hi–Hy"> Hi–Hy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_I%E2%80%93O" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, I–O"> I–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_P%E2%80%93S" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, P–S"> P–S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_T%E2%80%93Y" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, T–Y"> T–Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend">people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_animals_and_plants_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named animals and plants in Germanic heroic legend">named animals and plants </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_weapons,_armour_and_treasures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named weapons, armour and treasures in Germanic heroic legend">named weapons, armour and treasures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask_and_Embla" title="Ask and Embla">Ask and Embla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r_(mythology)" title="Auðr (mythology)">Auðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0umbla" title="Auðumbla">Auðumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurvandill" title="Aurvandill">Aurvandill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borr" title="Borr">Borr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAri" title="Búri">Búri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dísir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">Landdísir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Draugs">Draugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldir" title="Eldir">Eldir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dark elves (Dökkálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Light elves (Ljósálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Black elves (Svartálfar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimafeng" title="Fimafeng">Fimafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_(rooster)" title="Fjalar (rooster)">Fjalar (rooster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6rgyn_and_Fj%C3%B6rgynn" title="Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn">Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fylgja" title="Fylgja">Fylgja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmr" title="Garmr">Garmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hati_Hr%C3%B3%C3%B0vitnisson" title="Hati Hróðvitnisson">Hati Hróðvitnisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(mythological_being)" title="Hel (mythological being)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvíni">Hildisvíni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Hjúki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_the_%C3%86sir" title="Horses of the Æsir">Horses of the Æsir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvakr_and_Alsvi%C3%B0r" title="Árvakr and Alsviðr">Árvakr and Alsviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falh%C3%B3fnir" title="Falhófnir">Falhófnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gísl">Gísl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0r" title="Glaðr">Glaðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6r" title="Glær">Glær</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenr" title="Glenr">Glenr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grani" title="Grani">Grani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullfaxi" title="Gullfaxi">Gullfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulltoppr" title="Gulltoppr">Gulltoppr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyllir" title="Gyllir">Gyllir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamskerpir_and_Gar%C3%B0rofa" title="Hamskerpir and Garðrofa">Hamskerpir and Garðrofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Hófvarpnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinfaxi_and_Hr%C3%ADmfaxi" title="Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi">Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sva%C3%B0ilfari" title="Svaðilfari">Svaðilfari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmungandr" title="Jörmungandr">Jörmungandr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADfthrasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Líf and Lífthrasir">Líf and Lífthrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddf%C3%A1fnir" title="Loddfáfnir">Loddfáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0gu%C3%B0r" title="Móðguðr">Móðguðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Daughters_of_%C3%86gir_and_R%C3%A1n" title="Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán">Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mothers_of_Heimdallr" title="Nine Mothers of Heimdallr">Nine Mothers of Heimdallr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi_(son_of_Loki)" title="Narfi (son of Loki)">Narfi (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norns" title="Norns">Norns</a></li> <li>Personifications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagr" title="Dagr">Dagr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elli" title="Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3tt" title="Nótt">Nótt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarr_and_Vetr" title="Sumarr and Vetr">Sumarr and Vetr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ll" title="Sköll">Sköll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield-maiden" title="Shield-maiden">Shield-maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanngrisnir_and_Tanngnj%C3%B3str" title="Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr">Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%A1lfi_and_R%C3%B6skva" title="Þjálfi and Röskva">Þjálfi and Röskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vættir">Vættir</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Landvættir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li_(son_of_Loki)" title="Váli (son of Loki)">Váli (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith" title="Wayland the Smith">Völundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Vörðr">Vörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Locations_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Locations in Norse mythology">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lj%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Éljúðnir">Éljúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarbr%C3%BA" title="Gjallarbrú">Gjallarbrú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflhel" title="Niflhel">Niflhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0afj%C3%B6ll" title="Niðafjöll">Niðafjöll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liv%C3%A1gar" title="Élivágar">Élivágar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B6ll" title="Gjöll">Gjöll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dfingr" title="Ífingr">Ífingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlaugar" title="Kerlaugar">Kerlaugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rmt_and_%C3%96rmt" title="Körmt and Örmt">Körmt and Örmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidr_River" title="Slidr River">Slidr River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadgelmir" title="Vadgelmir">Vadgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimur_River" title="Vimur River">Vimur River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsvartnir" title="Amsvartnir">Amsvartnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andlang" title="Andlang">Andlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifr%C3%B6st" title="Bifröst">Bifröst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilskirnir" title="Bilskirnir">Bilskirnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1vellir" title="Brávellir">Brávellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimir" title="Brimir">Brimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir">Fensalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr" title="Fólkvangr">Fólkvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signhildsberg" title="Signhildsberg">Fornsigtuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyrisvellir" title="Fyrisvellir">Fyrisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lgvi%C3%B0r" title="Gálgviðr">Gálgviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandvik" title="Gandvik">Gandvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropnir" title="Gastropnir">Gastropnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giml%C3%A9" title="Gimlé">Gimlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnungagap" title="Ginnungagap">Ginnungagap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0sheimr" title="Glaðsheimr">Glaðsheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6sisvellir" title="Glæsisvellir">Glæsisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitnir">Glitnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnipahellir" title="Gnipahellir">Gnipahellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_of_fetters" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove of fetters">Grove of fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r" title="Heiðr">Heiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himinbj%C3%B6rg" title="Himinbjörg">Himinbjörg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindarfjall" title="Hindarfjall">Hindarfjall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnitbjorg" title="Hnitbjorg">Hnitbjorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddm%C3%ADmis_holt" title="Hoddmímis holt">Hoddmímis holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0av%C3%B6llr" title="Iðavöllr">Iðavöllr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnvi%C3%B0r" title="Járnviðr">Járnviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmamei%C3%B0r" title="Mímameiðr">Mímameiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrkvi%C3%B0r" title="Myrkviðr">Myrkviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munarv%C3%A1gr" title="Munarvágr">Munarvágr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3at%C3%BAn_(mythology)" title="Nóatún (mythology)">Nóatún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolnir" title="Okolnir">Okolnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessr%C3%BAmnir" title="Sessrúmnir">Sessrúmnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindri_(mythology)" title="Sindri (mythology)">Sindri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singasteinn" title="Singasteinn">Singasteinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0heimr" title="Þrúðheimr">Þrúðheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0vangr" title="Þrúðvangr">Þrúðvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymheimr" title="Þrymheimr">Þrymheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Uppsala" title="Gamla Uppsala">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0ar" title="Útgarðar">Útgarðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaskj%C3%A1lf" title="Valaskjálf">Valaskjálf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaheimr" title="Vanaheimr">Vanaheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0bl%C3%A1inn" title="Víðbláinn">Víðbláinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ving%C3%B3lf" title="Vingólf">Vingólf</a></li> <li>Wells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hvergelmir" title="Hvergelmir">Hvergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmisbrunnr" title="Mímisbrunnr">Mímisbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%B0arbrunnr" title="Urðarbrunnr">Urðarbrunnr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ddalir" title="Ýdalir">Ýdalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Events in Norse mythology">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir–Vanir War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulvetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hja%C3%B0ningav%C3%ADg" title="Hjaðningavíg">Hjaðningavíg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3msv%C3%ADkinga_saga" title="Jómsvíkinga saga">Jómsvíkinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrfing Cycle">Tyrfing Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsung_Cycle" title="Völsung Cycle">Völsung Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Norse mythology in popular culture">Later influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic_wooden_cult_figurines_of_Central_and_Northern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe">Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_rituals" title="Norse rituals">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96ndvegiss%C3%BAlur" title="Öndvegissúlur">Öndvegissúlur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginnaglar" title="Reginnaglar">Reginnaglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vé">Vé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_and_islands_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Wetlands and islands in Germanic paganism">Wetlands and islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Festivals and holy periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsabl%C3%B3t" title="Dísablót">Dísablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorrabl%C3%B3t" title="Þorrablót">Þorrablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetrn%C3%A6tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetrnætr">Vetrnætr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Norse_paganism" title="Death in Norse paganism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergi" title="Ergi">Ergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lag" title="Félag">Félag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdr" title="Galdr">Galdr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">Goði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamingja" title="Hamingja">Hamingja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">Heiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_hall" title="Mead hall">Mead hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" title="Nīþ">Nīþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">Norse cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Norse_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbers in Norse mythology">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_philosophy" title="Old Norse philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic cultures">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" class="mw-redirect" title="Völva">Völva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry (new religious movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landvættir&oldid=1252441511">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landvættir&oldid=1252441511</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Creatures_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Creatures in Norse mythology">Creatures in Norse mythology</a></li><li><a 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