CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-9492db17adbd8e5312e",applicationID:"991938872"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>b,xN:()=>v});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources";var a=r(993);const s=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var c=r(614),u=r(944),l=r(384),d=r(122);const f="[data-nr-mask]",g=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:a.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:c.wk,inactiveMs:c.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){s(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(f):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=f:(0,u.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){s(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,u.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,u.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},p={},m="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(m);if(!p[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return p[e]}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(m);p[e]=(0,d.a)(t,g());const r=(0,l.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=p[e])}function b(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(m);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>d});var n=r(122),i=r(384),o=r(154),a=r(324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},l={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(l[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(l[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=l[e])}},324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>l,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>u});var n=r(836),i=r(606),o=r(860),a=r(646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};l(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function d(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(l(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(990),o=r(371),a=r(646),s=r(607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},l={},d=!1;try{d=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=m(e),l=c.length,d=0;d<l;d++)c[d].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:h,listeners:m,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:d?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:d};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function h(t){return l[t]=l[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),l=(0,n.Zm)();l.ee||(l.ee=u)},646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(566).bz)()},566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(836),i=r(154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>l,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>d});var n=r(154),i=r(863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function l(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(836),i=r(607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];l(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return l(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,d;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],l="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],l],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],l,c);try{return d=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],l,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,d],l,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(836),i=r(687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>K});var n=r(860),i=r(555),o=r(371),a=r(908),s=r(836),c=r(687),u=r(289),l=r(154),d=r(944),f=r(969),g=r(384),p=r(344);const m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(863),b=r(614),y=r(993);var w=r(646),A=r(434);const R=new Map;function _(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,d.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[A.Jt]||t[r];return R.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>R.get(c))),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();m.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,d.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function N(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const m={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var R="api-",E=R+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(R,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function k(){}m.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,v.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},m.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),_(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},h.forEach((e=>{m[e]=j(R,e,!0,"api")})),m.addPageAction=j(R,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.recordCustomEvent=j(R,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(R,"setPageViewName",!0)()},m.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,d.R)(39,typeof e)},m.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.R)(41,typeof e)},m.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.R)(42,typeof e)},m.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,d.R)(23,e)}},m[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m.interaction=function(e){return(new k).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const T=k.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(E+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function I(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,d.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{T[e]=j(E,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),m.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(E,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(R,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),m.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},l.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>I()),!0):I(),m}var k=r(217),T=r(122);const j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},I={};var S=r(284);const O=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function K(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:d={},exposed:f=!0}=t;d.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,k.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");I[e]=(0,T.a)(t,j);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=I[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},l.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const m=(0,k.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),h=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];P||(m.proxy.assets&&(O(m.proxy.assets),h.push(m.proxy.assets)),m.proxy.beacon&&h.push(m.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",S.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===m.soft_navigations.enabled&&m.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),d.denyList=[...m.ajax.deny_list||[],...m.ajax.block_internal?h:[]],d.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,d),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=N(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),P=!0}},374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.281.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),l=0;l<u.length;l++){var d=u[l];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-zqOtfbjYsGTkQScey1O8Hh9fA1+m2RFxLpfv7BWqqTivgQ6iM13v6QJ4d5xykyDwx1GoMFmngC4SKpFn6VciYg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={374:0,840:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(374);var e=i(944),t=i(344),r=i(566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(217);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var l=i(603);var d=i(687),f=i(234),g=i(289),p=i(154),m=i(384);const h=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function v(e){return!!(0,m.dV)().o.MO&&h(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(h(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return v(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(908),_=i(843),E=i(878),x=i(782),N=i(863);class k extends y{static featureName=x.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,x.T,t),p.RI&&((0,_.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,E.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var T=i(969);class j extends y{static featureName=T.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,m.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,l.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,m.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,k,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Qualifying Exam Statement Samples - Department of Philosophy</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Qualifying Exam Statement Samples - Department of Philosophy" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 My first year of the PhD program in philosophy at Penn State University has been very fruitful and intellectually stimulating. Coming from a completely different system, based on (almost) exclusively front-style lessons and oral examinations, I was at first confronted with the task of learning how to write a […]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Department of Philosophy" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-08-12T15:31:33+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/","url":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/","name":"Qualifying Exam Statement Samples - Department of Philosophy","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-03-25T18:12:13+00:00","dateModified":"2022-08-12T15:31:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Graduate","item":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Information for Current Graduate Students","item":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Qualifying Exam Statement Samples"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/#website","url":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/","name":"Department of Philosophy","description":"The Department of Philosophy at Penn State University offers a comprehensive program exploring fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and more. Through critical thinking and rigorous analysis, students engage with diverse philosophical traditions and develop valuable skills in logic, argumentation, and interpretation.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//philosophy.la.psu.edu' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Department of Philosophy » Feed" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://use.typekit.net/wmk8hrs.css"><link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/theme.min.css?ver=3.1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-hello-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/integration/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/style.css?ver=2.4.4' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-engine-frontend-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-engine/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=3.5.3' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='socketlabs-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/socketlabs/public/css/socketlabs-public.css?ver=1.0.14' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-detector-elementor-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/widget-detector-elementor/public/css/widget-detector-elementor-public.css?ver=1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/style.min.css?ver=3.1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/header-footer.min.css?ver=3.1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-menu-public-styles-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/css/public.css?ver=2.4.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-blocks-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/custom-jet-blocks.css?ver=1.3.12' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-elements-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-elements/assets/css/jet-elements.css?ver=2.6.19' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-elements-skin-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-elements/assets/css/jet-elements-skin.css?ver=2.6.19' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.30.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=3.23.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-3-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/post-3.css?ver=1723818583' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-pro-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=3.23.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jet-tricks-frontend-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-tricks/assets/css/jet-tricks-frontend.css?ver=1.4.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-91-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/post-91.css?ver=1723900740' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-1396-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/post-1396.css?ver=1723818584' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-13-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/post-13.css?ver=1736545989' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-624-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/elementor/css/post-624.css?ver=1723818585' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=auto&ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-shared-0-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-solid-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-brands-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/socketlabs/public/js/socketlabs-public.js?ver=1.0.14" id="socketlabs-js"></script> <script id="analytify-events-tracking-js-extra"> var analytify_events_tracking = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","tracking_mode":"gtag","ga_mode":"ga4","tracking_code":"G-5S01EGYF8R","is_track_user":"1","root_domain":"psu.edu","affiliate_link":"","download_extension":"zip|mp3*|mpe*g|pdf|docx*|pptx*|xlsx*|rar*","anchor_tracking":""}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-analytify-pro/inc/modules/events-tracking/assets/js/analytify-events-tracking.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="analytify-events-tracking-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/91" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/?p=91' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fphilosophy.la.psu.edu%2Fgraduate%2Fcurrentgrads%2Fqualifying-exam-statement-samples%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fphilosophy.la.psu.edu%2Fgraduate%2Fcurrentgrads%2Fqualifying-exam-statement-samples%2F&format=xml" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=?G-5S01EGYF8R"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); const configuration = JSON.parse( '{"anonymize_ip":"false","forceSSL":"false","allow_display_features":"false","debug_mode":true}' ); const gaID = 'G-5S01EGYF8R'; gtag('config', gaID, configuration); </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/favicon.ico" /><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.23.3; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_lazyload; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-91 page-child parent-pageid-67 jet-mega-menu-location elementor-default elementor-kit-3 elementor-page elementor-page-91 elementor-page-624"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header data-elementor-type="header" data-elementor-id="1396" class="elementor elementor-1396 elementor-location-header" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c4ce6a8 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="c4ce6a8" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","jet_parallax_layout_list":[]}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1df205c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="1df205c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Philosophy Department 100th Anniversary</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9cc5098 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="9cc5098" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_position":"absolute"}" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5163c9e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5163c9e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"74ae36c","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-212dceb" data-id="212dceb" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0da976 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c0da976" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"a5cee68","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"gradient"}"> <div class="elementor-background-overlay"></div> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7767c6" data-id="d7767c6" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bc422e9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="bc422e9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div id="psu-shield"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 392.5 85.96"><defs><style>.onelinebeaverblue-1{fill:#fff;}.onelinebeaverblue-2{fill:#1e407c;}.onelinebeaverblue-3{fill:#96bee6;}</style></defs><g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"><g id="Layer_1-2" data-name="Layer 1"><path class="onelinebeaverblue-1" d="M39,86C21.73,75.71,0,60.82,0,34.53V6.77C8,3.76,20.23,0,39,0c18.94,0,32,4.1,39,6.77V34.53C77.91,61,55.34,76.32,39,86Z"/><path class="onelinebeaverblue-2" d="M50.67,50c0-.59.49-1.51.49-2.33S50,46.4,49,46.27c-1.95-.27-2.6-.18-2.6-.61s.26-.6.62-1.11a3.71,3.71,0,0,1,2.43-1.13,21.35,21.35,0,0,1,3-.24,16.59,16.59,0,0,1,2.91.28c1.2.21,1.38.71,1.38,1.27v.56c0,.56-.46.85-1.29,1l-.64.12c-.61.13-1.35.25-1.62,1-.57,1.64-1.56,2.92-2.29,2.89A.3.3,0,0,1,50.67,50Zm1.72-26.38c-.07,0-.32-.13-.32-.38s.21-.59.63-1.16c1-1.3,2.32-2.91,2.81-2.91.24,0,.39.17.68.73a3.22,3.22,0,0,1,.33,1.41A7.32,7.32,0,0,1,55,25.67,12.35,12.35,0,0,0,52.39,23.63ZM23.77,26.87c.44,0,.77-.29,1.44-1,1.48-1.64,2.91-1.86,2.91-2.56a1.92,1.92,0,0,0-.41-.94,62.47,62.47,0,0,1-3.19-5.58c-.34-.65-.79-1.1-1.13-1.1-.54,0-1.12.64-1.45,1.19A5.12,5.12,0,0,0,21,19.28,16.85,16.85,0,0,0,21.79,24C22.32,25.55,23.1,26.87,23.77,26.87Zm17.79,5.7a3,3,0,0,0-3.15-2.51,3.84,3.84,0,0,0-3.48,2.39,3.63,3.63,0,0,0,2.54,2.21c.22.07.45.07.45.26s-.29.41-.9.41a4.41,4.41,0,0,1-3.59-1.45,14.46,14.46,0,0,1-1.8.29.8.8,0,0,1-.86-.9,2.64,2.64,0,0,1,.31-1.13l.31-.64a5.8,5.8,0,0,1,2.52-2.9c.21-.11.74-.44,1-.6a5.1,5.1,0,0,1,2.93-.72h.87a3.85,3.85,0,0,1,2.78.93c1.27,1.07,2,1.65,2,2.45a3.5,3.5,0,0,1-.75,2.49,3.16,3.16,0,0,1-2.07,1.32c-.16,0-.21-.09-.21-.18s.14-.18.28-.29A3.39,3.39,0,0,0,41.56,32.57Zm8.55,27.3a15.73,15.73,0,0,1-3.9.25C41.79,60.12,41,59,41,58.17c0-1.44,6.34-2.45,8.83-2.45s3.45.77,3.45,1.35S52.25,59.36,50.11,59.87ZM24.61,72.82A141.67,141.67,0,0,0,39,82.46h0c0-4.33-.1-6.89,2.83-9.95C43,71.26,44.2,70,45.31,68.85c.83-.86,1.5-1.5,1.9-1.5s.4.15.4.52a8.85,8.85,0,0,0,1.06,3.51,4.41,4.41,0,0,0,3.23,2.51C64.45,64.44,75,52.07,75,34.47V8.82C71.86,7.77,59.14,2.89,39,2.89S6.05,7.77,3,8.82V34.47A40.7,40.7,0,0,0,8.32,54.84c.34-3.56,2.74-5.25,2.74-8.75,0-2.45-.69-4-.69-6,0-3.7,5-11.31,7.58-14.4.08-.1.25-.31.46-.31a.57.57,0,0,1,.44.3c.26.4.37.62.65.62a.36.36,0,0,0,.4-.41,21.51,21.51,0,0,1-.75-5.92c0-2.94.69-3.56,2.51-5.35A4.06,4.06,0,0,1,24,13.28a3,3,0,0,1,2.29,1.32c1.13,1.15,2.71,3.18,3,3.5a.35.35,0,0,0,.29.18c.52,0,1-.16,3.23-.16,4.12,0,10.33.65,13.52,1.69a23.9,23.9,0,0,0,2.42.91c.22,0,.23-.14.23-.25s-.43-.54-.43-.82a.5.5,0,0,1,.3-.41C51.18,18,53.22,17,55.08,17c1.08,0,1.61.94,2.07,1.87a6.36,6.36,0,0,1,.74,2.69,8.31,8.31,0,0,1-1.73,5.13c.36.38.88.95,1.2,1.33a4.21,4.21,0,0,1,1.24,2.47A8.74,8.74,0,0,1,58.3,32c0,.22-.24.66-.63.65s-.43-.38-.45-.72v-.25A3.86,3.86,0,0,0,54,27.9h-.31a3.31,3.31,0,0,0-2.55,1,2.43,2.43,0,0,0-.78,1.78A4.87,4.87,0,0,0,51,32.5c.24.48.85,1.61,1.19,2.2a1.19,1.19,0,0,0,1.08.68c1,0,1.92-.14,1.92-.45,0-.08,0-.15-.19-.15H54.7c-1.34,0-2.05-1.7-2.72-3.25a2.84,2.84,0,0,1,2.14-1,2.06,2.06,0,0,1,2.21,2.06,3.15,3.15,0,0,1-.28,1.28.54.54,0,0,0-.09.25c0,.18.24.21.6.3l.53.13a1.52,1.52,0,0,1,1,.93c.12.31.39,1,.45,1.21a8.4,8.4,0,0,1,.58,2.77,7.86,7.86,0,0,1-.41,2.72A16.15,16.15,0,0,0,58,45.11a3.88,3.88,0,0,1,.22.49,5.76,5.76,0,0,1,.53,2.33v.79a6,6,0,0,1-1.27,3.6C57,53,56.26,54,55.84,54.53a1.39,1.39,0,0,1-1.05.56,2.8,2.8,0,0,1-.66-.12l-1-.26a2.12,2.12,0,0,1-1.52-1.6l-.22-.56c-.22-.55-.34-.9-.68-.9s-.5.16-.75.54a4.13,4.13,0,0,1-3,2.23c-.55.14-1.67.37-2.3.51a21.21,21.21,0,0,1-3.58.65,4.54,4.54,0,0,1-.63,0c-1.3-.18-2.22-.26-3.83-2.19-2.22-2.65-2-3-2.12-6.6,0-.4-.15-.89-.56-.89s-.54.75-.67,1.83c-.16,1.26-.45,2.57-1.07,2.57a3.94,3.94,0,0,1-1.4-.28l-3.87-1.29c-1.44-.48-2.81-.85-3.37-2.13l-1-2.3c-.17-.4-.29-.62-.56-.62s-.47.46-.51.82-.15,1.34-.21,1.92a8,8,0,0,1-1.76,4.94c-.49.64-.95,1.29-1.48,2a8.37,8.37,0,0,0-1.74,5.8c0,.18,0,1.24,0,1.73C16.42,65.07,17.49,67.14,24.61,72.82Z"/><path class="onelinebeaverblue-3" d="M58.07,35.48h0c.12.31.39,1,.45,1.21a8.4,8.4,0,0,1,.58,2.77,7.86,7.86,0,0,1-.41,2.72A16.15,16.15,0,0,0,58,45.11c-.11-.23-2.28-4-2.44-4.27a2,2,0,0,1-.31-1c0-.39.17-.62.63-.91.28-.17.63-.38.88-.5a2.13,2.13,0,0,0,1.38-2A6.38,6.38,0,0,0,58.07,35.48Zm-9.43,6a2.64,2.64,0,0,1,.22.88,1.26,1.26,0,0,1-.45,1.07l-.58.51a2,2,0,0,0-.77.64c-.36.51-.62.82-.62,1.11a.26.26,0,0,0,.1.22,1.54,1.54,0,0,1-.6-1.25c0-.39.13-.6.13-1a2.88,2.88,0,0,0-.14-.79c-.61-2-1.62-4.4-2.24-6s-1.13-2.56-1.85-2.56c-.4,0-.76.19-1.18.19a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,2.07-1.32,3.5,3.5,0,0,0,.75-2.49A1.58,1.58,0,0,0,43,29.6,12.22,12.22,0,0,1,45.14,33C46.49,35.87,47.66,39,48.64,41.45ZM16.32,60.85c0-.49,0-1.55,0-1.73a8.37,8.37,0,0,1,1.74-5.8c.53-.71,1-1.36,1.48-2a8,8,0,0,0,1.76-4.94c.06-.58.16-1.52.21-1.92s.12-.82.51-.82.39.22.56.62l1,2.3c.56,1.28,1.93,1.65,3.37,2.13L30.81,50a3.94,3.94,0,0,0,1.4.28c.62,0,.91-1.31,1.07-2.57.13-1.08.29-1.83.67-1.83s.54.49.56.89c.13,3.58-.1,4,2.12,6.6,1.61,1.93,2.53,2,3.83,2.19a1.79,1.79,0,0,1-1.1-1.87V52.39a4.88,4.88,0,0,1,.39-2c.15-.35.33-1,.49-1.36a2.1,2.1,0,0,0,.15-1.28,7.38,7.38,0,0,0-.55-2.15c-.19-.6-.46-1.47-.72-2.19-.8-2.24-1.13-2.77-3.81-3.13-.86-.11-4.63-.64-5.41-.76-3-.42-5.37-.57-6.6-2.58-1.46-2.41-1.32-5.35-2.72-5.35-.67,0-1,.75-1,1.84s.44,3,.44,6.23c0,2.79-.26,3.56-1.89,5.62-.42.53-1,1.32-1.35,1.77-1.21,1.52-1.75,2.38-1.68,4.15A60.71,60.71,0,0,0,16.32,60.85ZM47,71.62c.1-1.12.59-3,.59-3.75h0c0-.37-.12-.52-.4-.52s-1.07.64-1.9,1.5C44.2,70,43,71.26,41.79,72.51,38.86,75.57,39,78.13,39,82.46h0c3.26-2,6.24-3.85,8.44-5.36A17.1,17.1,0,0,1,47,71.62Z"/><path class="onelinebeaverblue-2" d="M93.57,12.31H91.22V8.83h11c5.76,0,8.76,3,8.76,7.33,0,5.11-4,7.32-8.76,7.32H98.55v5.73h2.35v3.48H91.22V29.21h2.35Zm8.09,7.7c2.49,0,4.12-1.43,4.12-3.85,0-2.2-1.42-3.85-4.19-3.85h-3V20ZM117,24.85c.13,2.83,2.31,4.56,5.65,4.56a13.45,13.45,0,0,0,5.52-1.12V32a16.25,16.25,0,0,1-6.57,1.12c-6.89,0-9.78-4.29-9.78-9.23,0-5.56,3.37-9.41,9-9.41,6.13,0,8.62,4.64,8.62,10.4Zm7.22-3.27c0-2.46-1.4-3.86-3.61-3.86s-3.44,1.44-3.65,3.86Zm124.87,3.27c.14,2.83,2.32,4.56,5.66,4.56a13.5,13.5,0,0,0,5.52-1.12V32a16.28,16.28,0,0,1-6.58,1.12c-6.88,0-9.78-4.29-9.78-9.23,0-5.56,3.38-9.41,9-9.41,6.13,0,8.62,4.64,8.62,10.4Zm7.23-3.27c0-2.46-1.4-3.86-3.61-3.86s-3.45,1.44-3.65,3.86Zm-122.5-3.24h-2.31V14.86h6.54l.13,2.33h.07a6.27,6.27,0,0,1,5.48-2.74c4.52,0,6.89,3.19,6.89,7.11v7.65h2v3.48h-8.76V29.21h1.94V22.38c0-2.48-1.37-3.84-3.64-3.84-2,0-3.62,1.15-3.62,3.84v6.83h2v3.48h-8.76V29.21h1.94Zm23.24,0h-2.32V14.86h6.55l.13,2.33h.07A6.24,6.24,0,0,1,167,14.45c4.53,0,6.9,3.19,6.9,7.11v7.65h2.05v3.48h-8.76V29.21h1.94V22.38c0-2.48-1.38-3.84-3.64-3.84-2,0-3.62,1.15-3.62,3.84v6.83h2v3.48h-8.76V29.21h1.94ZM233.15,11h4.78v3.82h4.77v3.48h-4.77v7.94c0,2.39.83,3.13,2.81,3.13a11.91,11.91,0,0,0,2.12-.27v3.39a15.86,15.86,0,0,1-3.92.56c-3.51,0-5.79-1.88-5.79-5V18.34h-2.41V14.86h2.41ZM201,11h4.77v3.82h4.78v3.48h-4.78v7.94c0,2.39.84,3.13,2.82,3.13a11.91,11.91,0,0,0,2.12-.27v3.39a15.86,15.86,0,0,1-3.92.56c-3.51,0-5.79-1.88-5.79-5V18.34h-2.42V14.86H201Zm22.66,10.3c0-2.47-1.2-3.41-3.61-3.41a8.69,8.69,0,0,0-3,.51v2.39h-3.87V16.29A15,15,0,0,1,220,14.45c5,0,8.16,2,8.16,7v7.74H230v3.48h-5.77l-.14-2.43H224c-.36.5-1.66,2.83-5.68,2.83s-6-2.38-6-5.18c0-3.39,2.6-5.72,9.14-5.72h2.14Zm-1.4,3.78c-3.88,0-5.11.82-5.11,2.35,0,1.06.75,2.15,2.62,2.15s3.82-1.5,3.82-4.5ZM191.39,12.48a10.13,10.13,0,0,0-3-.58c-2.78,0-3.89,1.5-3.89,2.83,0,1.74,1.29,2.54,2.78,2.92l2.37.62c3.34.89,7,2.3,7,7.24,0,4.54-2.92,7.58-9.36,7.58a23.75,23.75,0,0,1-8.13-1.33v-6.3h4.29v3.08a18,18,0,0,0,4.26.67c2.53,0,3.76-1.06,3.76-2.86,0-1.5-.85-2.58-3.89-3.4l-2-.56c-4.66-1.26-6.25-3.5-6.25-7.18s2.53-6.79,8.94-6.79a21.07,21.07,0,0,1,7.44,1.26v5.69h-4.28Zm-86,51.2a12.27,12.27,0,0,1-5,.9C95,64.58,91,61.19,91,55c0-6,4-10,9.94-10a10.19,10.19,0,0,1,4.52.85l-.6,2A8.94,8.94,0,0,0,101,47c-4.46,0-7.42,2.85-7.42,7.85,0,4.66,2.68,7.65,7.31,7.65a9.83,9.83,0,0,0,4-.79Zm15-6.33c0,5.06-3.51,7.26-6.81,7.26-3.7,0-6.55-2.71-6.55-7,0-4.57,3-7.26,6.78-7.26S120.45,53.17,120.45,57.35Zm-10.85.14c0,3,1.73,5.26,4.15,5.26s4.16-2.23,4.16-5.31c0-2.32-1.16-5.25-4.1-5.25S109.6,54.9,109.6,57.49Zm14-13.24h2.48v20h-2.48Zm6.66,0h2.49v20h-2.49Zm8,13.67c.05,3.36,2.2,4.74,4.69,4.74a9.09,9.09,0,0,0,3.78-.7l.42,1.77a10.94,10.94,0,0,1-4.54.85c-4.21,0-6.72-2.76-6.72-6.89s2.42-7.37,6.41-7.37c4.46,0,5.64,3.93,5.64,6.44a9.33,9.33,0,0,1-.08,1.16Zm7.28-1.78c0-1.58-.65-4-3.44-4-2.51,0-3.62,2.32-3.81,4Zm17.25-5.51c0,1-.11,2.09-.11,3.76v7.93c0,3.14-.62,5.06-2,6.24a7.19,7.19,0,0,1-5,1.64,8.76,8.76,0,0,1-4.54-1.13l.62-1.89a7.73,7.73,0,0,0,4,1.07c2.54,0,4.4-1.32,4.4-4.77V62h-.05a4.88,4.88,0,0,1-4.35,2.28c-3.39,0-5.82-2.88-5.82-6.66,0-4.63,3-7.26,6.16-7.26a4.55,4.55,0,0,1,4.26,2.37h.06l.11-2.06ZM160.25,56a3.34,3.34,0,0,0-.14-1.13,3.57,3.57,0,0,0-3.47-2.63c-2.37,0-4.07,2-4.07,5.17,0,2.68,1.36,4.91,4,4.91a3.64,3.64,0,0,0,3.45-2.54,4.32,4.32,0,0,0,.19-1.33Zm8,1.89c.05,3.36,2.2,4.74,4.68,4.74a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,3.79-.7l.42,1.77a11,11,0,0,1-4.55.85c-4.2,0-6.72-2.76-6.72-6.89s2.43-7.37,6.41-7.37c4.46,0,5.65,3.93,5.65,6.44a8.94,8.94,0,0,1-.09,1.16Zm7.28-1.78c0-1.58-.65-4-3.44-4-2.52,0-3.62,2.32-3.82,4Zm23.83,1.21c0,5.06-3.5,7.26-6.81,7.26-3.7,0-6.55-2.71-6.55-7,0-4.57,3-7.26,6.78-7.26S199.33,53.17,199.33,57.35Zm-10.84.14c0,3,1.72,5.26,4.15,5.26s4.15-2.23,4.15-5.31c0-2.32-1.16-5.25-4.1-5.25S188.49,54.9,188.49,57.49Zm14.23,6.81V52.53H200.8v-1.9h1.92V50a6.44,6.44,0,0,1,1.58-4.77,4.76,4.76,0,0,1,3.33-1.27,5.74,5.74,0,0,1,2.12.4l-.34,1.92a3.73,3.73,0,0,0-1.58-.31c-2.12,0-2.66,1.86-2.66,3.95v.73h3.31v1.9h-3.31V64.3Zm17.7-17.59v3.92H224v1.89h-3.56v7.37c0,1.7.48,2.66,1.87,2.66a5.73,5.73,0,0,0,1.44-.17l.11,1.86a6,6,0,0,1-2.2.34,3.42,3.42,0,0,1-2.68-1A5,5,0,0,1,218,60V52.52h-2.12V50.63H218V47.36Zm6.35-2.46h2.49v8.53h.06A4.51,4.51,0,0,1,231.09,51a5.08,5.08,0,0,1,2.55-.71c1.83,0,4.77,1.13,4.77,5.85V64.3h-2.49V56.45c0-2.21-.82-4.07-3.16-4.07a3.56,3.56,0,0,0-3.33,2.49,3,3,0,0,0-.17,1.18V64.3h-2.49Zm17.06,13.67c0,3.35,2.2,4.74,4.68,4.74A8.93,8.93,0,0,0,252.3,62l.42,1.78a10.94,10.94,0,0,1-4.54.85c-4.21,0-6.72-2.77-6.72-6.89s2.42-7.37,6.4-7.37c4.47,0,5.65,3.92,5.65,6.44a9.33,9.33,0,0,1-.08,1.16Zm7.28-1.78c0-1.58-.65-4-3.44-4-2.52,0-3.62,2.31-3.81,4Zm11.55-10.87h2.45v17h8.14V64.3H262.66Zm16,1.52a1.54,1.54,0,0,1-3.08,0,1.51,1.51,0,0,1,1.55-1.55A1.48,1.48,0,0,1,278.67,46.79ZM275.9,64.3V50.63h2.48V64.3Zm6.49,0c.06-.94.12-2.32.12-3.53V44.25H285v8.58H285a5.08,5.08,0,0,1,4.66-2.51c3.39,0,5.79,2.82,5.76,7,0,4.88-3.08,7.31-6.13,7.31A4.87,4.87,0,0,1,284.74,62h-.09l-.11,2.26ZM285,58.82a5.15,5.15,0,0,0,.11.9,3.85,3.85,0,0,0,3.73,2.91c2.6,0,4.15-2.12,4.15-5.25,0-2.74-1.41-5.08-4.06-5.08a4,4,0,0,0-3.79,3.05,5.34,5.34,0,0,0-.14,1Zm15-.9c.06,3.35,2.21,4.74,4.69,4.74a8.87,8.87,0,0,0,3.78-.71l.43,1.78a11,11,0,0,1-4.55.85c-4.2,0-6.72-2.77-6.72-6.89S300,50.32,304,50.32c4.46,0,5.65,3.92,5.65,6.44a8.94,8.94,0,0,1-.09,1.16Zm7.29-1.78c0-1.58-.65-4-3.45-4-2.51,0-3.61,2.31-3.81,4Zm5.47-1.25c0-1.6,0-3-.11-4.26h2.18l.08,2.68H315a4.12,4.12,0,0,1,3.79-3,2.48,2.48,0,0,1,.7.09v2.34a3.41,3.41,0,0,0-4.18,3.1,7.89,7.89,0,0,0-.11,1.16V64.3h-2.46Zm16.66,9.41-.2-1.73h-.08a5.07,5.07,0,0,1-4.18,2,3.89,3.89,0,0,1-4.18-3.93c0-3.3,2.94-5.11,8.22-5.08v-.28a2.82,2.82,0,0,0-3.11-3.17,6.8,6.8,0,0,0-3.55,1l-.57-1.64a8.53,8.53,0,0,1,4.49-1.21c4.18,0,5.2,2.85,5.2,5.59V61a19.31,19.31,0,0,0,.22,3.28Zm-.36-7c-2.71,0-5.79.43-5.79,3.08a2.19,2.19,0,0,0,2.34,2.37,3.39,3.39,0,0,0,3.3-2.29,2.4,2.4,0,0,0,.15-.79Zm6.4-13.07h2.49v20h-2.49Zm15.81,14.06-2,6h-2.54l6.46-19h3l6.49,19H360l-2-6Zm6.24-1.92-1.86-5.48c-.42-1.24-.7-2.37-1-3.47h-.05c-.29,1.13-.6,2.29-1,3.44l-1.87,5.51Zm7.8-1.5c0-1.6,0-3-.12-4.26h2.18l.08,2.68h.12a4.09,4.09,0,0,1,3.78-3,2.6,2.6,0,0,1,.71.09v2.34a3.57,3.57,0,0,0-.85-.09,3.49,3.49,0,0,0-3.33,3.19,6.67,6.67,0,0,0-.12,1.16V64.3h-2.45Zm12.9-8.18v3.92h3.56v1.89h-3.56v7.37c0,1.7.48,2.66,1.86,2.66a5.73,5.73,0,0,0,1.44-.17l.12,1.86a6.11,6.11,0,0,1-2.21.34,3.44,3.44,0,0,1-2.68-1,5,5,0,0,1-1-3.55V52.52h-2.12V50.63h2.12V47.36Zm6,15a6.52,6.52,0,0,0,3.28,1c1.8,0,2.65-.9,2.65-2s-.71-1.83-2.54-2.51C385.1,57.32,384,56,384,54.33c0-2.2,1.77-4,4.71-4a6.84,6.84,0,0,1,3.36.85L391.4,53a5.4,5.4,0,0,0-2.8-.79c-1.46,0-2.28.85-2.28,1.87s.82,1.63,2.6,2.31c2.37.91,3.58,2.09,3.58,4.12,0,2.41-1.86,4.1-5.11,4.1a7.83,7.83,0,0,1-3.84-.93Z"/></g></g></svg> <a href="http://psu.edu" title="The Pennsylvania State University" class="psu-link">Penn State</a> <a href="https://la.psu.edu" title="Penn State: College of the Liberal Arts" class="cla-link">Penn State: College of the Liberal Arts</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0456da" data-id="e0456da" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a04e688 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="a04e688" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://secure.ddar.psu.edu/s/1218/2014/index.aspx?sid=1218&gid=1&pgid=658&cid=2321&dids=3405&bledit=1&appealcode=AE14O"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Make a Gift</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a931df5 elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="a931df5" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"horizontal","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"},"toggle":"burger"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-text e--animation-grow"> <ul id="menu-1-a931df5" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-543"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/" class="elementor-item">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-544"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-item">Graduate</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor menu-item-2395"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-553"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-course-descriptions/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-545"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2396"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-546"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/" class="elementor-sub-item">Admissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-547"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/funding-and-support/" class="elementor-sub-item">Funding and Support</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-548"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding/" class="elementor-sub-item">Additional Sources of Graduate Funding</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-549"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/graduate-admissions-faq/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Admissions FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-550"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Current Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-page-parent menu-item-2397"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Current Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-552"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-policies-and-procedures/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Policies and Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2860"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/grants-and-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Grants and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2877"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned/" class="elementor-sub-item">How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-554"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/travel-funds-request-form/" class="elementor-sub-item">Travel Funds Request Form</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-91 current_page_item menu-item-551"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" aria-current="page" class="elementor-sub-item elementor-item-active">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-555"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/dissertation-prospectus-template/" class="elementor-sub-item">Dissertation Prospectus Template</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-556"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/declaration-of-dissertation-director/" class="elementor-sub-item">Declaration of Dissertation Director</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-558"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/individual-study-request/" class="elementor-sub-item">Individual Study Request</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-557"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants/" class="elementor-sub-item">Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3401"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination/" class="elementor-sub-item">Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3403"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/03/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx" class="elementor-sub-item">Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-559"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Awards</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2398"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-560"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/departmental-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Departmental Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-561"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/college-and-university-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">College and University Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1255"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/nomination-form/" class="elementor-sub-item">Nomination Form</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-562"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/philosophy-graduate-student-organization/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy Graduate Student Organization</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-563"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-placement/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Placement</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-564"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/job-market-candidates/" class="elementor-sub-item">Job Market Candidates</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-566"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Directory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-565"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-567"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/" class="elementor-item">Undergraduate</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2399"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/" class="elementor-sub-item">Undergraduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-568"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/prospective-students/" class="elementor-sub-item">Prospective Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-569"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy B.A. Major</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2401"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy B.A. Major</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-570"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/general-philosophy-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">General Philosophy Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-571"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/humanities-and-arts-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">Humanities and Arts Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-572"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/philosophy-of-science-and-mathematics-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy of Science and Mathematics Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-573"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/social-sciences-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">Social Sciences Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-574"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/professional-studies-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">Professional Studies Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-575"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/justice-law-and-values-option/" class="elementor-sub-item">Justice, Law and Values Option</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-576"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-s-major/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy B.S. Major</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-577"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-minor/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy Minor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-578"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/ethics-minor/" class="elementor-sub-item">Ethics Minor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-579"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/course-descriptions/" class="elementor-sub-item">Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-580"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Undergraduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-581"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-club/" class="elementor-sub-item">Philosophy Club</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-582"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/career-enrichment-network/" class="elementor-sub-item">Career Enrichment Network</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-people menu-item-has-children menu-item-1466"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/" class="elementor-item">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-people menu-item-2404"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/" class="elementor-sub-item">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1513"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/department-head/" class="elementor-sub-item">Department Head</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1515"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/director-of-graduate-studies/" class="elementor-sub-item">Director of Graduate Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1514"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/director-of-undergraduate-studies/" class="elementor-sub-item">Director of Undergraduate Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1516"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1517"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/teaching-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item">Teaching Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1518"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/emerita/" class="elementor-sub-item">Emeritus Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1519"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/affiliate-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item">Affiliate Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1520"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/postdoctoral-fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item">Postdoctoral Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1521"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1468"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/staff/" class="elementor-sub-item">Staff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-584"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/" class="elementor-item">Diversity</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2402"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/" class="elementor-sub-item">Diversity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-585"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/cusp/" class="elementor-sub-item">Cultivating Underrepresented Students in Philosophy (CUSP)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-586"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/diversity-and-inclusiveness-committee/" class="elementor-sub-item">Diversity and Inclusiveness Committee</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-587"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/resources/" class="elementor-sub-item">Resources</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-588"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/statement-regarding-derogatory-language/" class="elementor-sub-item">Statement Regarding Derogatory Language</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3077"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/black-lives-matter/" class="elementor-sub-item">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3076"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/statement-of-condemnation-and-solidarity/" class="elementor-sub-item">Statement of Condemnation and Solidarity</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-589"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/" class="elementor-item">Alumni</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2403"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/" class="elementor-sub-item">Alumni</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-590"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/outstanding-alumni-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Outstanding Alumni Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-591"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/alumni-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item">Alumni Lecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4381"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary/" class="elementor-sub-item">Centenary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-592"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/support-philosophy/" class="elementor-sub-item">Support Philosophy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-593"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/stay-in-touch/" class="elementor-sub-item">Stay in Touch</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-595"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/list-of-alumni/" class="elementor-sub-item">List of Alumni</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news menu-item-596"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/news/" class="elementor-item">News</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="elementor-menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle" aria-expanded="false"> <i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar"></i><i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close"></i> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Menu</span> </div> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-a931df5" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-543"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-544"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor menu-item-2395"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-553"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-course-descriptions/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-545"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2396"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-546"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Admissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-547"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/funding-and-support/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Funding and Support</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-548"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Additional Sources of Graduate Funding</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-549"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/graduate-admissions-faq/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Admissions FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-550"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Current Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-page-parent menu-item-2397"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Current Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-552"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-policies-and-procedures/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Policies and Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2860"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/grants-and-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Grants and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2877"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-554"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/travel-funds-request-form/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Travel Funds Request Form</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-91 current_page_item menu-item-551"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" aria-current="page" class="elementor-sub-item elementor-item-active" tabindex="-1">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-555"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/dissertation-prospectus-template/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Dissertation Prospectus Template</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-556"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/declaration-of-dissertation-director/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Declaration of Dissertation Director</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-558"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/individual-study-request/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Individual Study Request</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-557"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3401"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3403"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/03/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-559"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Awards</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2398"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-560"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/departmental-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Departmental Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-561"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/college-and-university-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">College and University Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1255"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/nomination-form/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Nomination Form</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-562"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/philosophy-graduate-student-organization/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy Graduate Student Organization</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-563"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-placement/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Placement</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-564"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/job-market-candidates/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Job Market Candidates</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-566"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Directory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-565"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-567"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Undergraduate</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2399"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Undergraduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-568"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/prospective-students/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Prospective Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-569"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy B.A. Major</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2401"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy B.A. Major</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-570"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/general-philosophy-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">General Philosophy Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-571"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/humanities-and-arts-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Humanities and Arts Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-572"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/philosophy-of-science-and-mathematics-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy of Science and Mathematics Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-573"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/social-sciences-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Social Sciences Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-574"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/professional-studies-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Professional Studies Option</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-575"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/justice-law-and-values-option/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Justice, Law and Values Option</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-576"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-s-major/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy B.S. Major</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-577"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-minor/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy Minor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-578"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/ethics-minor/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Ethics Minor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-579"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/course-descriptions/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-580"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/undergraduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Undergraduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-581"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-club/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy Club</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-582"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/career-enrichment-network/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Career Enrichment Network</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-people menu-item-has-children menu-item-1466"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-people menu-item-2404"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1513"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/department-head/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Department Head</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1515"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/director-of-graduate-studies/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Director of Graduate Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1514"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/director-of-undergraduate-studies/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Director of Undergraduate Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1516"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1517"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/teaching-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Teaching Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1518"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/emerita/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Emeritus Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1519"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/affiliate-faculty/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Affiliate Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1520"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/postdoctoral-fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Postdoctoral Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1521"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-1468"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/staff/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Staff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-584"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Diversity</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2402"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Diversity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-585"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/cusp/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Cultivating Underrepresented Students in Philosophy (CUSP)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-586"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/diversity-and-inclusiveness-committee/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Diversity and Inclusiveness Committee</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-587"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/resources/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Resources</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-588"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/statement-regarding-derogatory-language/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Statement Regarding Derogatory Language</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3077"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/black-lives-matter/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3076"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/diversity/statement-of-condemnation-and-solidarity/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Statement of Condemnation and Solidarity</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-589"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Alumni</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2403"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Alumni</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-590"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/outstanding-alumni-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Outstanding Alumni Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-591"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/alumni-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Alumni Lecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4381"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Centenary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-592"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/support-philosophy/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Support Philosophy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-593"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/stay-in-touch/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Stay in Touch</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-595"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/list-of-alumni/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">List of Alumni</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news menu-item-596"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/news/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">News</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c704e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4c704e0" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"afabe5d","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic","sticky":"top","sticky_on":["desktop","tablet"],"sticky_offset":0,"sticky_effects_offset":0}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2639538" data-id="2639538" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-84a13c0 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-headline" data-id="84a13c0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-headline.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="jet-headline jet-headline--direction-horizontal"><a class="jet-headline__link" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/"><span class="jet-headline__part jet-headline__first"><span class="jet-headline__label">Department of</span></span><span class="jet-headline__space"> </span><span class="jet-headline__part jet-headline__second"><span class="jet-headline__label">Philosophy</span></span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e256251 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-mobile-menu" data-id="e256251" data-element_type="widget" aria-hidden="true" data-widget_type="jet-mobile-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div id="jet-mobile-menu-67b897815cde7" class="jet-mobile-menu jet-mobile-menu--location-elementor" data-menu-id="4" data-menu-options="{"menuUniqId":"67b897815cde7","menuId":"4","mobileMenuId":"4","location":"elementor","menuLocation":false,"menuLayout":"slide-out","togglePosition":"default","menuPosition":"left","headerTemplate":"","beforeTemplate":"","afterTemplate":"","useBreadcrumb":true,"breadcrumbPath":"full","toggleText":"","toggleLoader":true,"backText":"","itemIconVisible":true,"itemBadgeVisible":true,"itemDescVisible":false,"loaderColor":"#96BEE6","subTrigger":"item","subOpenLayout":"slide-in","closeAfterNavigate":true}"> <mobile-menu></mobile-menu><div class="jet-mobile-menu__refs"><div ref="toggleClosedIcon"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></div><div ref="toggleOpenedIcon"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></div><div ref="closeIcon"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></div><div ref="backIcon"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div><div ref="dropdownIcon"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></div><div ref="dropdownOpenedIcon"><i class="fas fa-angle-down"></i></div><div ref="breadcrumbIcon"><i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></div></div></div><script id="jetMenuMobileWidgetRenderData67b897815cde7" type="text/javascript"> window.jetMenuMobileWidgetRenderData67b897815cde7={"items":{"item-543":{"id":"item-543","name":"Home","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":543,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-544":{"id":"item-544","name":"Graduate","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":544,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2395":{"id":"item-2395","name":"Graduate","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":2395,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-553":{"id":"item-553","name":"Graduate Course Descriptions","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/graduate-course-descriptions\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":553,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-545":{"id":"item-545","name":"Information for Prospective Graduate Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":545,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2396":{"id":"item-2396","name":"Information for Prospective Graduate Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-545","itemId":2396,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-546":{"id":"item-546","name":"Admissions","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/admissions\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-545","itemId":546,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-547":{"id":"item-547","name":"Funding and Support","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/funding-and-support\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-545","itemId":547,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-548":{"id":"item-548","name":"Additional Sources of Graduate Funding","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-545","itemId":548,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-549":{"id":"item-549","name":"Graduate Admissions FAQ","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/prospectivegrads\/graduate-admissions-faq\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-545","itemId":549,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-550":{"id":"item-550","name":"Information for Current Graduate Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":550,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2397":{"id":"item-2397","name":"Information for Current Graduate Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":2397,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-552":{"id":"item-552","name":"Graduate Policies and Procedures","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/graduate-policies-and-procedures\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":552,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-2860":{"id":"item-2860","name":"Grants and Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/grants-and-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":2860,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-2877":{"id":"item-2877","name":"How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":2877,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-554":{"id":"item-554","name":"Travel Funds Request Form","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/travel-funds-request-form\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":554,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-551":{"id":"item-551","name":"Qualifying Exam Statement Samples","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/qualifying-exam-statement-samples\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":551,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-555":{"id":"item-555","name":"Dissertation Prospectus Template","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/dissertation-prospectus-template\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":555,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-556":{"id":"item-556","name":"Declaration of Dissertation Director","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/declaration-of-dissertation-director\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":556,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-558":{"id":"item-558","name":"Individual Study Request","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/individual-study-request\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":558,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-557":{"id":"item-557","name":"Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":557,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-3401":{"id":"item-3401","name":"Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":3401,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-3403":{"id":"item-3403","name":"Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/03\/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-550","itemId":3403,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-559":{"id":"item-559","name":"Graduate Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":559,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2398":{"id":"item-2398","name":"Graduate Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-559","itemId":2398,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-560":{"id":"item-560","name":"Departmental Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-awards\/departmental-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-559","itemId":560,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-561":{"id":"item-561","name":"College and University Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-awards\/college-and-university-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-559","itemId":561,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1255":{"id":"item-1255","name":"Nomination Form","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-awards\/nomination-form\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-559","itemId":1255,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-562":{"id":"item-562","name":"Philosophy Graduate Student Organization","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/philosophy-graduate-student-organization\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":562,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-563":{"id":"item-563","name":"Graduate Placement","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/graduate-placement\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":563,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-564":{"id":"item-564","name":"Job Market Candidates","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/job-market-candidates\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":564,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-566":{"id":"item-566","name":"Graduate Directory","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/graduate-students\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":566,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-565":{"id":"item-565","name":"Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-544","itemId":565,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-567":{"id":"item-567","name":"Undergraduate","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":567,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2399":{"id":"item-2399","name":"Undergraduate","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":2399,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-568":{"id":"item-568","name":"Prospective Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/prospective-students\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":568,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-569":{"id":"item-569","name":"Philosophy B.A. Major","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":569,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2401":{"id":"item-2401","name":"Philosophy B.A. Major","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":2401,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-570":{"id":"item-570","name":"General Philosophy Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/general-philosophy-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":570,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-571":{"id":"item-571","name":"Humanities and Arts Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/humanities-and-arts-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":571,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-572":{"id":"item-572","name":"Philosophy of Science and Mathematics Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/philosophy-of-science-and-mathematics-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":572,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-573":{"id":"item-573","name":"Social Sciences Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/social-sciences-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":573,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-574":{"id":"item-574","name":"Professional Studies Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/professional-studies-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":574,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-575":{"id":"item-575","name":"Justice, Law and Values Option","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-a-major\/justice-law-and-values-option\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-569","itemId":575,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-576":{"id":"item-576","name":"Philosophy B.S. Major","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-b-s-major\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":576,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-577":{"id":"item-577","name":"Philosophy Minor","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-minor\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":577,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-578":{"id":"item-578","name":"Ethics Minor","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/ethics-minor\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":578,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-579":{"id":"item-579","name":"Course Descriptions","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/course-descriptions\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":579,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-580":{"id":"item-580","name":"Undergraduate Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/undergraduate-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":580,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-581":{"id":"item-581","name":"Philosophy Club","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/philosophy-club\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":581,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-582":{"id":"item-582","name":"Career Enrichment Network","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/undergraduate\/career-enrichment-network\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-567","itemId":582,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-1466":{"id":"item-1466","name":"People","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":1466,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2404":{"id":"item-2404","name":"People","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":2404,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1513":{"id":"item-1513","name":"Department Head","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/department-head\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1513,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1515":{"id":"item-1515","name":"Director of Graduate Studies","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/director-of-graduate-studies\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1515,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1514":{"id":"item-1514","name":"Director of Undergraduate Studies","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/director-of-undergraduate-studies\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1514,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1516":{"id":"item-1516","name":"Graduate Faculty","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/graduate-faculty\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1516,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1517":{"id":"item-1517","name":"Teaching Faculty","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/teaching-faculty\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1517,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1518":{"id":"item-1518","name":"Emeritus Faculty","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/emerita\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1518,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1519":{"id":"item-1519","name":"Affiliate Faculty","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/affiliate-faculty\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1519,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1520":{"id":"item-1520","name":"Postdoctoral Fellows","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/postdoctoral-fellows\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1520,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1521":{"id":"item-1521","name":"Graduate Students","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/graduate-students\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1521,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-1468":{"id":"item-1468","name":"Staff","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/people\/staff\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-1466","itemId":1468,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-584":{"id":"item-584","name":"Diversity","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":584,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2402":{"id":"item-2402","name":"Diversity","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":2402,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-585":{"id":"item-585","name":"Cultivating Underrepresented Students in Philosophy (CUSP)","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/cusp\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":585,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-586":{"id":"item-586","name":"Diversity and Inclusiveness Committee","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/diversity-and-inclusiveness-committee\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":586,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-587":{"id":"item-587","name":"Resources","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/resources\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":587,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-588":{"id":"item-588","name":"Statement Regarding Derogatory Language","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/statement-regarding-derogatory-language\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":588,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-3077":{"id":"item-3077","name":"Black Lives Matter","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/black-lives-matter\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":3077,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-3076":{"id":"item-3076","name":"Statement of Condemnation and Solidarity","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/diversity\/statement-of-condemnation-and-solidarity\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-584","itemId":3076,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-589":{"id":"item-589","name":"Alumni","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":589,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""],"children":{"item-2403":{"id":"item-2403","name":"Alumni","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":2403,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-590":{"id":"item-590","name":"Outstanding Alumni Awards","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/outstanding-alumni-awards\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":590,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-591":{"id":"item-591","name":"Alumni Lecture","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/alumni-lecture\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":591,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-4381":{"id":"item-4381","name":"Centenary","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":4381,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-592":{"id":"item-592","name":"Support Philosophy","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/support-philosophy\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":592,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-593":{"id":"item-593","name":"Stay in Touch","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/stay-in-touch\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":593,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]},"item-595":{"id":"item-595","name":"List of Alumni","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/alumni\/list-of-alumni\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":"item-589","itemId":595,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}},"item-596":{"id":"item-596","name":"News","attrTitle":false,"description":"","url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/news\/","target":false,"xfn":false,"itemParent":false,"itemId":596,"megaTemplateId":false,"megaContent":false,"megaContentType":"default","open":false,"badgeContent":false,"itemIcon":"","hideItemText":false,"classes":[""]}}}; </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-71f9b4d" data-id="71f9b4d" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0062ae9 elementor-search-form--skin-minimal elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form" data-id="0062ae9" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"skin":"minimal"}" data-widget_type="search-form.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <search role="search"> <form class="elementor-search-form" action="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu" method="get"> <div class="elementor-search-form__container"> <label class="elementor-screen-only" for="elementor-search-form-0062ae9">Search</label> <div class="elementor-search-form__icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-search"></i> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Search</span> </div> <input id="elementor-search-form-0062ae9" placeholder="Search..." class="elementor-search-form__input" type="search" name="s" value=""> </div> </form> </search> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b7481f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="8b7481f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <script type="text/javascript"> (jQuery)("input[title='Search']").attr("aria-label", "search"); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d27946b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d27946b" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"a5cee68","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-background-overlay"></div> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-767cc30" data-id="767cc30" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c0ffd97 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="c0ffd97" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Philosophy Department 100th Anniversary</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d27cf4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7d27cf4" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"a3059f0","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"shape_divider_bottom":"tilt"}"> <div class="elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom" data-negative="false"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path class="elementor-shape-fill" d="M0,6V0h1000v100L0,6z"/> </svg> </div> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6915df" data-id="f6915df" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0320315 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0320315" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"3513dc7","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad169e2" data-id="ad169e2" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0346957 elementor-widget__width-auto jedv-enabled--yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0346957" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8adb5c6 jedv-enabled--yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="8adb5c6" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling":"yes","motion_fx_translateY_effect":"yes","motion_fx_translateY_direction":"negative","motion_fx_translateY_speed":{"unit":"px","size":2,"sizes":[]},"motion_fx_translateY_affectedRange":{"unit":"%","size":"","sizes":{"start":0,"end":100}},"motion_fx_devices":["desktop","tablet","mobile"]}" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img width="2560" height="958" src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-1022" alt="" srcset="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-300x112.jpg 300w, https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-1024x383.jpg 1024w, https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-768x287.jpg 768w, https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-1536x575.jpg 1536w, https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/03/Graduate-2048x766.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc6abc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="fc6abc3" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"4e27a1e","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef23c2c" data-id="ef23c2c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cc36007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="cc36007" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <div data-elementor-type="single-page" data-elementor-id="624" class="elementor elementor-624 elementor-location-single post-91 page type-page status-publish hentry" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <main class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96b45e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="96b45e1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"6cc3c21","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0471013 jedv-enabled--yes" data-id="0471013" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-943e4d2 jedv-enabled--yes jet-nav-align-flex-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-nav-menu" data-id="943e4d2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav class="jet-nav-wrap m-layout-mobile jet-mobile-menu jet-mobile-menu--default" data-mobile-trigger-device="mobile" data-mobile-layout="default"> <div class="jet-nav__mobile-trigger jet-nav-mobile-trigger-align-center"> <span class="jet-nav__mobile-trigger-open jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-bars"></i></span> <span class="jet-nav__mobile-trigger-close jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><div class="menu-graduate-container"><div class="jet-nav m-layout-mobile jet-nav--vertical jet-nav--vertical-sub-right-side"><div class="navtitle menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor jet-nav__item-2146 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2155 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-course-descriptions/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Course Descriptions</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children jet-nav__item-2147 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</span><div class="jet-nav-arrow"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></div></a> <div class="jet-nav__sub jet-nav-depth-0"> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2406 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2148 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Admissions</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2149 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/funding-and-support/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Funding and Support</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2150 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Additional Sources of Graduate Funding</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2151 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/graduate-admissions-faq/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Admissions FAQ</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children jet-nav__item-2152 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Information for Current Graduate Students</span><div class="jet-nav-arrow"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></div></a> <div class="jet-nav__sub jet-nav-depth-0"> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-page-parent jet-nav__item-2407 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Information for Current Graduate Students</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-91 current_page_item jet-nav__item-2153 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2154 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-policies-and-procedures/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Policies and Procedures</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2859 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/grants-and-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Grants and Awards</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2878 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2156 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/travel-funds-request-form/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Travel Funds Request Form</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2157 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/dissertation-prospectus-template/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Dissertation Prospectus Template</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2158 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/declaration-of-dissertation-director/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Declaration of Dissertation Director</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2159 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2160 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/individual-study-request/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Individual Study Request</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-3406 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom jet-nav__item-3407 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/03/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children jet-nav__item-2161 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Awards</span><div class="jet-nav-arrow"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></div></a> <div class="jet-nav__sub jet-nav-depth-0"> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2408 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Awards</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2393 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Awards</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2162 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/departmental-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Departmental Awards</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2163 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/college-and-university-awards/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">College and University Awards</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2164 jet-nav__item jet-nav-item-sub"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/nomination-form/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-1 menu-item-link-sub"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Nomination Form</span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2165 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/philosophy-graduate-student-organization/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Philosophy Graduate Student Organization</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2166 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-placement/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Placement</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2167 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/job-market-candidates/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Job Market Candidates</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people jet-nav__item-2198 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Graduate Directory</span></a></div> <div class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page jet-nav__item-2200 jet-nav__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link-depth-0 menu-item-link-top"><span class="jet-nav-link-text">Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program</span></a></div> </div></div></nav> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ecf355e secondary jedv-enabled--yes elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="ecf355e" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"}}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade"> <ul id="menu-1-ecf355e" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="navtitle menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor menu-item-2146"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-item">Graduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2155"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-course-descriptions/" class="elementor-item">Graduate Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2147"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-item">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2406"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2148"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/" class="elementor-sub-item">Admissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2149"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/funding-and-support/" class="elementor-sub-item">Funding and Support</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2150"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding/" class="elementor-sub-item">Additional Sources of Graduate Funding</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2151"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/graduate-admissions-faq/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Admissions FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-2152"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-item">Information for Current Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-page-parent menu-item-2407"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item">Information for Current Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-91 current_page_item menu-item-2153"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" aria-current="page" class="elementor-sub-item elementor-item-active">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2154"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-policies-and-procedures/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Policies and Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2859"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/grants-and-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Grants and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2878"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned/" class="elementor-sub-item">How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2156"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/travel-funds-request-form/" class="elementor-sub-item">Travel Funds Request Form</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2157"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/dissertation-prospectus-template/" class="elementor-sub-item">Dissertation Prospectus Template</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2158"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/declaration-of-dissertation-director/" class="elementor-sub-item">Declaration of Dissertation Director</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2159"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants/" class="elementor-sub-item">Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2160"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/individual-study-request/" class="elementor-sub-item">Individual Study Request</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3406"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination/" class="elementor-sub-item">Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3407"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/03/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx" class="elementor-sub-item">Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2161"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-item">Graduate Awards</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2408"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2393"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2162"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/departmental-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">Departmental Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/college-and-university-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item">College and University Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2164"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/nomination-form/" class="elementor-sub-item">Nomination Form</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2165"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/philosophy-graduate-student-organization/" class="elementor-item">Philosophy Graduate Student Organization</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2166"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-placement/" class="elementor-item">Graduate Placement</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2167"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/job-market-candidates/" class="elementor-item">Job Market Candidates</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-2198"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-item">Graduate Directory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2200"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program/" class="elementor-item">Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-ecf355e" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="navtitle menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor menu-item-2146"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2155"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-course-descriptions/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Course Descriptions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2147"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2406"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Prospective Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2148"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Admissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2149"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/funding-and-support/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Funding and Support</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2150"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/additional-sources-of-graduate-funding/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Additional Sources of Graduate Funding</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2151"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/graduate-admissions-faq/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Admissions FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-2152"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Current Graduate Students</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-page-parent menu-item-2407"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Current Graduate Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-91 current_page_item menu-item-2153"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/qualifying-exam-statement-samples/" aria-current="page" class="elementor-sub-item elementor-item-active" tabindex="-1">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2154"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/graduate-policies-and-procedures/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Policies and Procedures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2859"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/grants-and-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Grants and Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2878"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/how-philosophy-graduate-student-teaching-is-assigned/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">How Philosophy Graduate Student Teaching Is Assigned</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2156"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/travel-funds-request-form/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Travel Funds Request Form</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2157"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/dissertation-prospectus-template/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Dissertation Prospectus Template</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2158"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/declaration-of-dissertation-director/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Declaration of Dissertation Director</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2159"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-philosophy-instructors-and-teaching-assistants/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Best Practices for Philosophy Instructors and Teaching Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2160"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/individual-study-request/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Individual Study Request</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3406"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/best-practices-for-the-comprehensive-examination/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Best Practices for the Comprehensive Examination</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3407"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/03/Comps-List-Rationale-template_v.final_-1.docx" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Comprehensive Examination Reading Lists and Rationale Template</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2161"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Awards</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2408"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2393"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2162"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/departmental-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Departmental Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2163"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/college-and-university-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">College and University Awards</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2164"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-awards/nomination-form/" class="elementor-sub-item" tabindex="-1">Nomination Form</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2165"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/philosophy-graduate-student-organization/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Philosophy Graduate Student Organization</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2166"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/graduate-placement/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Placement</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2167"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/job-market-candidates/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Job Market Candidates</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-people menu-item-2198"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-students/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Graduate Directory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2200"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/information-for-alumni-of-the-ph-d-program/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Information for Alumni of the Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dacc8e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="dacc8e8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <script type="text/javascript"> // JetMenu Keyboard Accessibility jQuery(document).ready(function () { // When the focus enters a menu item or anything within jQuery(".menu-item").focusin(function () { // Clear out all hover items... jQuery(".menu-item").removeClass("jet-nav-hover"); // If the focused item is the menu item if (jQuery(this).hasClass("menu-item")) { // Add the hover class jQuery(this).addClass("jet-nav-hover"); // If the focused item is anything else inside the menu item } else { // Find the parent menu item and add the hover class jQuery(this).parents(".menu-item").addClass("jet-nav-hover"); } }); // When the focus is in anything at all jQuery("body").focusin(function (e) { // If the focused item isn't within a 'jet-menu-container' parent if (!jQuery(e.target).parents(".jet-nav").length) { // Remove the hover class from all menu items jQuery(".menu-item").removeClass("jet-nav-hover"); } }); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0a357c" data-id="c0a357c" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd0ffdf jedv-enabled--yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-breadcrumbs" data-id="fd0ffdf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="jet-breadcrumbs.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-jet-breadcrumbs jet-blocks"> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs"> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__content"> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__browse">You are here:</div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__wrap"><div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/" class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-link is-home" rel="home" title="Home">Home</a></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-sep"><span class="jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></span></div></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/" class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-link" rel="tag" title="Graduate">Graduate</a></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-sep"><span class="jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></span></div></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/currentgrads/" class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-link" rel="tag" title="Information for Current Graduate Students">Information for Current Graduate Students</a></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-sep"><span class="jet-blocks-icon"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></span></div></div> <div class="jet-breadcrumbs__item"><span class="jet-breadcrumbs__item-target">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</span></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55e3c55 jedv-enabled--yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-page-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="55e3c55" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-page-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Qualifying Exam Statement Samples</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f924eea elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content" data-id="f924eea" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-post-content.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="91" class="elementor elementor-91" data-elementor-post-type="page"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-180a191 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="180a191" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"b4bc818","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab559c0" data-id="ab559c0" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d38723 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs" data-id="4d38723" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="tabs.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-tabs"> <div class="elementor-tabs-wrapper" role="tablist" > <div id="elementor-tab-title-8091" class="elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title" aria-selected="true" data-tab="1" role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-8091" aria-expanded="false">Sample 1</div> <div id="elementor-tab-title-8092" class="elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab="2" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-8092" aria-expanded="false">Sample 2</div> </div> <div class="elementor-tabs-content-wrapper" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title" aria-selected="true" data-tab="1" role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-8091" aria-expanded="false">Sample 1</div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-8091" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-8091" tabindex="0" hidden="false"><p class=" ">My first year of the PhD program in philosophy at Penn State University has been very fruitful and intellectually stimulating. Coming from a completely different system, based on (almost) exclusively front-style lessons and oral examinations, I was at first confronted with the task of learning how to write a paper, as well as how to appropriately participate in class discussion. Considering the development and results of my first year of study, I am both satisfied with the progresses made so far and deeply aware of the several steps I still need to take in order to achieve a stable position as a professional scholar. First and foremost, I have to learn a method to individuate those philosophical questions and themes that underlie different philosophical movements and authors without either confounding or reducing them, hence situating such themes and questions in their respective contexts.</p><p class=" ">In the first semester, my research focused on Kant’s practical philosophy, Peirce’s pragmatic conception of reality, and the theoretical relevance of Levinas’ philosophical proposal as it is developed in Totality and Infinity. In the second semester, I inquired into the problem of soul’s divisibility in Aristotle’s De Anima, Irigaray’s perspective on sexual difference, and the relevance of the last chapter of Voice and Phenomenon for Derrida’s general philosophical project (as such project was developed in that early masterpiece).</p><p class=" ">With the only exception of Peirce (and, to a minor degree, of Kant and Derrida), I have chosen my classes and the related research topics with the intention of acquiring some initial familiarity with authors and problems that were extraneous to my previous knowledge. In part, this is the reason why I often found myself hesitant at intervening in class discussion. On the other hand, I am aware that I need to risk more, taking advantage of classes not only as an opportunity to study certain important texts, but also to develop my rhetorical skills and put my ideas to the test of others’ reflections. As to my writing, considering that only two years ago I was not able to write a text message in English, I am satisfied of the progresses I made so far. However, I would like to develop a richer style of writing, broadening my vocabulary as well my knowledge of sentence-structures. Most importantly, the past year was very instructive in this respect inasmuch as it made me realize that I need to develop a more precise timeline for the completion of my final assignments, starting to work on them earlier in the semester and taking the time to revise them more than once.</p><p class=" ">Regarding my future direction of study, I am still quite undecided as to what particular line of research I shall purse. I would like to frame a research project that could somehow include the work of different authors prominent between the end of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth. In particular I have in mind philosophers like Peirce, James, Royce, Bergson, Blondel, Husserl and Scheler, with respect to their philosophical contribution to questions on subjectivity, selfhood, rationality, the nature of truth and reality, methods of pursuing and attaining knowledge, the relation between action and knowledge, self-knowledge, desire, affectivity and personal fulfillment. But I am also interested in investigating those motivations that brought philosophers like Levinas and Derrida, among others, to overcome that (epistemological-metaphysical) paradigm of thought which the aforementioned authors are often said to a-critically accept and reproduce. Before putting myself on a more precise road of inquiry, however, I want to take advantage of my second year of classes to make the acquaintance with certain authors and movements that I have not yet had the occasion to examine. In particular, I am thinking to the philosophical revolution introduced by Wittgenstein (and the important influence he had upon contemporary mainstream analytic philosophy) and the existential phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty.</p><p class=" ">While my actual horizon of interests is too broad for it not to result extremely vague and fragmented, I do have a precise (though still confused) question that guide my studies, namely: what is the nature of that kind of “reason” that, before determining itself as theoretical or practical, contemplative or instrumental, etc., “perceives” those ethical and esthetic ideals that guide our daily life and in relation to which we establish ourselves as self-conscious, human subjects? While this question situates itself in the general perspective of a philosophical anthropology, its immediate implication calls for the development of a phenomenological analysis of the normative structure of rationality, especially of that aspect of reason that our philosophical tradition has always called the “will”.</p><p class=" ">I am more and more persuaded that the department to which I am proud to belong as a graduate student represents an excellent ground for the clarification, development and elaboration of my aforementioned philosophical interests. At the beginning of the second year of my PhD, I look forward to progress toward an always-greater personal and philosophical maturation.</p></div> <div class="elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab="2" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-8092" aria-expanded="false">Sample 2</div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-8092" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-8092" tabindex="0" hidden="hidden"><p class=" "><strong>I. Academic Progress</strong></p><p class=" ">In my first year in the doctoral program in Philosophy at The Pennsylvania State University, I discovered many of my strengths and weaknesses and areas for future research by paying attention to the success and failure of my work. For instance, my first attempt at writing the paper for Dr. Bernasconi’s Medieval Ethics seminar revealed both the paper’s lack of focus and my lack of knowledge in certain topic-relevant areas. To make up for the lack of knowledge, I researched my paper topic independently. This research taught me that I must learn to recognize what my argument needs to be successful and how I can use my research to provide that support. Currently, I have a hard time recognizing when an argument is complete and persuasive. Specifically, I am often unsure what needs to be said and what can be left out. As a result, my papers tend to contain both superfluous material and incomplete arguments. To make up for the paper’s lack of focus, I reorganized the paper as a response to one of my sources. I learned in this process that I can write a more engaging and pertinent scholarly essay by responding to recent work on a topic that I also find philosophically interesting. However, this essay was not successful in the end for two reasons: one, I did not understand the genre well enough to present a compelling response and two, I did not leave myself enough time to reorganize the entire paper effectively. These two reasons mark two more areas for improvement: one, I need to learn how to write this kind of essay so that it is more focused, argumentatively sound, and persuasive and two, I need to manage my time to identify possible weaknesses in my paper sooner.</p><p class=" ">The strengths and weaknesses revealed writing for Dr. Schmidt’s and Dr. Bowman’s Hegel seminars differ from those discussed above. For each course, I wrote 5, 5 to 8 page papers throughout the semester. I consider my short essay titled “Individuality Real In and For Itself’s Criterion of Truth and Its Initial Failure in the Work” for Dr. Bowman’s seminar to be my first year’s strongest essay. It is my strongest because it achieves the task of being at once exegetical and interpretive, it is the most well-organized and well-argued, and it shows a nuanced attention to the text. However, there are certain paragraphs with messy argumentation and clunky sentences. The essay also lacks development of its theme in relation to the larger movement of Hegel’s text. This is a weakness that many of my shorter papers share. I would like to develop themes or arguments in the light of the text as a whole and, if possible, in the light of their historical development, particularly when I’m writing for a course in an intended AOS or AOC.</p><p class=" "><strong>II. Research Trajectory and Future Coursework</strong></p><p class=" ">After my first year at Penn State, I plan to develop my knowledge of German Idealism an contemporary French philosophy in order to claim both as an AOS. Concerning an AOS in German Idealism, I began a profile for this area by taking Dr. Schmidt’s, Dr. Bowman’s, and Dr. Mensch’s seminars on Kant and Hegel in my first year. My profile for an AOS in contemporary French philosophy began with Dr. Lawlor’s Foucault seminar. In the coming fall, I plan to take Dr. Bernasconi’s Nietzsche seminar, Dr. Colapietro’s Wittgenstein seminar, and Dr. Schmidt’s Heidegger seminar. Outside of their own philosophical contributions, Nietzsche’s, Heidegger’s and Wittgenstein’s critiques of their German idealist predecessors and their influence on 20th century French philosophers such as Derrida, Foucault, and Deleuze (and 20th century philosophy generally) makes their work crucial areas of study for me.</p><p class=" ">In both of these historical areas, my topical interests concern their metaphysical and ontological claims. For example, I am interested in how Hegel responds to and criticizes claims to knowledge of immediacy as well as claims of a substance-accident model of objective reality in the Sense-Certainty and Perception sections of the Phenomenology, respectively. I am also interested in how the metaphysical commitments of these thinkers require them to formulate consistent political and ethical positions. For example, Kant’s transcendental idealism allows him to distinguish between transcendental and empirical freedom, so while he can argue that theoretically freedom and nature are compatible, he must also design a conception of politics that reconciles our innate freedom with the fact that our external manifestations of this freedom impede and limit the free actions of others.</p><p class=" ">Dr. Christman’s Social Contract Theory seminar in the spring of 2011 led me to consider an AOC in both social/political philosophy and ethics. Here I am concerned with the concepts of rights and agency and with arguments that attempt to establish their grounds. Dr. Christman’s and Dr. Bernasconi’s seminars last year, and Dr. Clark-Miller’s course on feminist ethics in the coming fall, will hopefully establish a strong foundation for such concentration. In addition to my philosophical interest in all of these areas, I hope that both my Areas of Specialization and my Areas of Concentration will make for an attractive and marketable research and teaching portfolio. However, I am aware that this trajectory is still quite vague. I believe this is because I have not had the time to become familiar with the ins and outs of these areas’ respective discourses. I see these areas of specialization and concentration as my general interests in which I hope to develop specific research agendas as I continue my education in the doctoral program at Penn State.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-eff2fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="eff2fec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <footer data-elementor-type="footer" data-elementor-id="13" class="elementor elementor-13 elementor-location-footer" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ebe0dc5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="ebe0dc5" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","jet_parallax_layout_list":[]}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-678b107 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="678b107" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/philosophy-department-100th-anniversary/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Philosophy Department 100th Anniversary</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30abf8e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="30abf8e" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_position":"absolute"}" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cd97be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4cd97be" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"f0c9a6c","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}],"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b15544" data-id="9b15544" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8854b5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8854b5e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"jet_parallax_layout_list":[{"jet_parallax_layout_image":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"_id":"c1c5aef","jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile":{"url":"","id":"","size":""},"jet_parallax_layout_speed":{"unit":"%","size":50,"sizes":[]},"jet_parallax_layout_type":"scroll","jet_parallax_layout_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction":null,"jet_parallax_layout_z_index":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y":50,"jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size":"auto","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet":"","jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile":"","jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop":"transform","jet_parallax_layout_on":["desktop","tablet"]}]}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-204847b" data-id="204847b" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4fedac6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4fedac6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large"><a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu">DEPARTMENT OF <strong>PHILOSOPHY</strong></a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4dd0267 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="4dd0267" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-map-pin"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">240 Sparks Building, University Park, PA 16802</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="mailto:philosophy@psu.edu"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-envelope"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">philosophy@psu.edu</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-phone-alt"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">(814) 865-6397</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-fax"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">(814) 863-7986</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-80f11ac" data-id="80f11ac" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-290d712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="290d712" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium">QUICK LINKS:</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-365aa9b elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="365aa9b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/people/graduate-faculty/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Graduate Faculty</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/graduate/prospectivegrads/admissions/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Graduate Admissions</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/undergraduate/philosophy-b-a-major/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Undergraduate Major</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/resources"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Faculty Resources</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/alumni/support-philosophy/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Support Philosophy</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0b8e9fd elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="0b8e9fd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-b6228e6" href="https://www.facebook.com/PHILatPSU/" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Facebook</span> <i class="fab fa-facebook"></i> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-89de00c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="89de00c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-74419e28 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="74419e28" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Copyright ©2025 </span><a title="Penn State home page." href="http://www.psu.edu/" role="link">The Pennsylvania State University</a><span> | </span><a title="Official statements on privacy, nondiscrimination, equal opportunity and copyright." href="http://www.psu.edu/ur/legal.html" role="link">Privacy and Legal Statements</a><span> | </span><a id="a-statement" href="http://www.la.psu.edu/accessibility" role="link">Accessibility Statement</a><span> | Website Designed by </span><a id="itla-credit" href="http://it.la.psu.edu/" role="link">Information Technology Liberal Arts</a> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-590ab80 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="590ab80" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-admin/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Log In</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8ea1cb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="8ea1cb3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> <script type="text/x-template" id="mobile-menu-item-template"><li :id="'jet-mobile-menu-item-'+itemDataObject.itemId" :class="itemClasses" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__item-inner" tabindex="0" :aria-label="itemDataObject.name" aria-expanded="false" v-on:click="itemSubHandler" v-on:keyup.enter="itemSubHandler" > <a :class="itemLinkClasses" :href="itemDataObject.url" :rel="itemDataObject.xfn" :title="itemDataObject.attrTitle" :target="itemDataObject.target" > <div class="jet-menu-item-wrapper"> <div class="jet-menu-icon" v-if="isIconVisible" v-html="itemIconHtml" ></div> <div class="jet-menu-name"> <span class="jet-menu-label" v-if="isLabelVisible" v-html="itemDataObject.name" ></span> <small class="jet-menu-desc" v-if="isDescVisible" v-html="itemDataObject.description" ></small> </div> <div class="jet-menu-badge" v-if="isBadgeVisible" > <div class="jet-menu-badge__inner" v-html="itemDataObject.badgeContent"></div> </div> </div> </a> <span class="jet-dropdown-arrow" v-if="isSub && !templateLoadStatus" v-html="dropdownIconHtml" v-on:click="markerSubHandler" > </span> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__template-loader" v-if="templateLoadStatus" > <svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" width="24px" height="25px" viewBox="0 0 128 128" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient"> <stop offset="0%" :stop-color="loaderColor" stop-opacity="0"/> <stop offset="100%" :stop-color="loaderColor" stop-opacity="1"/> </linearGradient> <path d="M63.85 0A63.85 63.85 0 1 1 0 63.85 63.85 63.85 0 0 1 63.85 0zm.65 19.5a44 44 0 1 1-44 44 44 44 0 0 1 44-44z" fill="url(#linear-gradient)" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 64 64" to="360 64 64" dur="1080ms" repeatCount="indefinite"></animateTransform> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <transition name="menu-container-expand-animation"> <mobile-menu-list v-if="isDropdownLayout && subDropdownVisible" :depth="depth+1" :children-object="itemDataObject.children" ></mobile-menu-list> </transition> </li> </script> <script type="text/x-template" id="mobile-menu-list-template"><div class="jet-mobile-menu__list" role="navigation" > <ul class="jet-mobile-menu__items"> <mobile-menu-item v-for="(item, index) in childrenObject" :key="item.id" :item-data-object="item" :depth="depth" ></mobile-menu-item> </ul> </div> </script> <script type="text/x-template" id="mobile-menu-template"><div :class="instanceClass" v-on:keyup.esc="escapeKeyHandler" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__toggle" role="button" ref="toggle" tabindex="0" aria-label="Open/Close Menu" aria-expanded="false" v-on:click="menuToggle" v-on:keyup.enter="menuToggle" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__template-loader" v-if="toggleLoaderVisible" > <svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" width="24px" height="25px" viewBox="0 0 128 128" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient"> <stop offset="0%" :stop-color="loaderColor" stop-opacity="0"/> <stop offset="100%" :stop-color="loaderColor" stop-opacity="1"/> </linearGradient> <path d="M63.85 0A63.85 63.85 0 1 1 0 63.85 63.85 63.85 0 0 1 63.85 0zm.65 19.5a44 44 0 1 1-44 44 44 44 0 0 1 44-44z" fill="url(#linear-gradient)" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" from="0 64 64" to="360 64 64" dur="1080ms" repeatCount="indefinite"></animateTransform> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__toggle-icon" v-if="!menuOpen && !toggleLoaderVisible" v-html="toggleClosedIcon" ></div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__toggle-icon" v-if="menuOpen && !toggleLoaderVisible" v-html="toggleOpenedIcon" ></div> <span class="jet-mobile-menu__toggle-text" v-if="toggleText" v-html="toggleText" ></span> </div> <transition name="cover-animation"> <div class="jet-mobile-menu-cover" v-if="menuContainerVisible && coverVisible" v-on:click="closeMenu" ></div> </transition> <transition :name="showAnimation"> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__container" v-if="menuContainerVisible" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__container-inner" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__header-template" v-if="headerTemplateVisible" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__header-template-content" ref="header-template-content" v-html="headerContent" ></div> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__controls" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__breadcrumbs" v-if="isBreadcrumbs" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__breadcrumb" v-for="(item, index) in breadcrumbsPathData" :key="index" > <div class="breadcrumb-label" v-on:click="breadcrumbHandle(index+1)" v-html="item" ></div> <div class="breadcrumb-divider" v-html="breadcrumbIcon" v-if="(breadcrumbIcon && index !== breadcrumbsPathData.length-1)" ></div> </div> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__back" role="button" ref="back" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close Menu" aria-expanded="false" v-if="!isBack && isClose" v-html="closeIcon" v-on:click="menuToggle" v-on:keyup.enter="menuToggle" ></div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__back" role="button" ref="back" tabindex="0" aria-label="Back to Prev Items" aria-expanded="false" v-if="isBack" v-html="backIcon" v-on:click="goBack" v-on:keyup.enter="goBack" ></div> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__before-template" v-if="beforeTemplateVisible" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__before-template-content" ref="before-template-content" v-html="beforeContent" ></div> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__body" > <transition :name="animation"> <mobile-menu-list v-if="!templateVisible" :key="depth" :depth="depth" :children-object="itemsList" ></mobile-menu-list> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__template" ref="template-content" v-if="templateVisible" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__template-content" v-html="itemTemplateContent" ></div> </div> </transition> </div> <div class="jet-mobile-menu__after-template" v-if="afterTemplateVisible" > <div class="jet-mobile-menu__after-template-content" ref="after-template-content" v-html="afterContent" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </transition> </div> </script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-animations-css' href='https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/animations.min.css?ver=3.23.3' media='all' /> <script id="analytify_track_miscellaneous-js-extra"> var miscellaneous_tracking_options = {"ga_mode":"ga4","tracking_mode":"gtag","track_404_page":{"should_track":"off","is_404":false,"current_url":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/graduate\/currentgrads\/qualifying-exam-statement-samples\/"},"track_js_error":"off","track_ajax_error":"off"}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-analytify/assets/js/miscellaneous-tracking.js?ver=5.3.1" id="analytify_track_miscellaneous-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/lib/vue/vue.min.js?ver=2.6.11" id="jet-vue-js"></script> <script id="jet-menu-public-scripts-js-extra"> var jetMenuPublicSettings = {"version":"2.4.4","ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","isMobile":"false","getElementorTemplateApiUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/jet-menu-api\/v2\/get-elementor-template-content","getBlocksTemplateApiUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/jet-menu-api\/v2\/get-blocks-template-content","menuItemsApiUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/jet-menu-api\/v2\/get-menu-items","restNonce":"d0bb47731e","devMode":"false","wpmlLanguageCode":"","menuSettings":{"jetMenuRollUp":"false","jetMenuMouseleaveDelay":500,"jetMenuMegaWidthType":"container","jetMenuMegaWidthSelector":"","jetMenuMegaOpenSubType":"hover","jetMenuMegaAjax":"false"}}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/assets/public/js/jet-menu-public-scripts.js?ver=2.4.4" id="jet-menu-public-scripts-js"></script> <script id="jet-menu-public-scripts-js-after"> function CxCSSCollector(){"use strict";var t,e=window.CxCollectedCSS;void 0!==e&&((t=document.createElement("style")).setAttribute("title",e.title),t.setAttribute("type",e.type),t.textContent=e.css,document.head.appendChild(t))}CxCSSCollector(); </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/sticky/jquery.sticky.min.js?ver=3.23.2" id="e-sticky-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/smartmenus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.2.1" id="smartmenus-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=3.23.2" id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.23.3" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.23.3" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before"> var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"72f000f82a","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/"},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}},"facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.23.2" id="elementor-pro-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2" id="elementor-waypoints-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselWrapperAriaLabel":"Carousel | Horizontal scrolling: Arrow Left & Right","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}},"version":"3.23.3","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"container_grid":true,"e_swiper_latest":true,"e_nested_atomic_repeaters":true,"e_onboarding":true,"theme_builder_v2":true,"home_screen":true,"landing-pages":true,"nested-elements":true,"e_lazyload":true,"display-conditions":true,"form-submissions":true,"mega-menu":true,"taxonomy-filter":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"faddac87e2"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":91,"title":"Qualifying%20Exam%20Statement%20Samples%20-%20Department%20of%20Philosophy","excerpt":"","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.23.3" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=3.23.2" id="pro-elements-handlers-js"></script> <script id="jet-blocks-js-extra"> var jetBlocksData = {"recaptchaConfig":""}; var JetHamburgerPanelSettings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","isMobile":"false","templateApiUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/jet-blocks-api\/v1\/elementor-template","devMode":"false","restNonce":"d0bb47731e"}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-blocks/assets/js/jet-blocks.min.js?ver=1.3.12" id="jet-blocks-js"></script> <script id="jet-elements-js-extra"> var jetElements = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","isMobile":"false","templateApiUrl":"https:\/\/philosophy.la.psu.edu\/wp-json\/jet-elements-api\/v1\/elementor-template","devMode":"false","messages":{"invalidMail":"Please specify a valid e-mail"}}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-elements/assets/js/jet-elements.min.js?ver=2.6.19" id="jet-elements-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-menu/includes/elementor/assets/public/js/widgets-scripts.js?ver=2.4.4" id="jet-menu-elementor-widgets-scripts-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-tricks/assets/js/lib/tippy/popperjs.js?ver=2.5.2" id="jet-tricks-popperjs-js"></script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-tricks/assets/js/lib/tippy/tippy-bundle.js?ver=6.3.1" id="jet-tricks-tippy-bundle-js"></script> <script id="jet-tricks-frontend-js-extra"> var JetTricksSettings = {"elements_data":{"sections":{"c4ce6a8":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"5163c9e":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"c0da976":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"4c704e0":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"d27946b":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"7d27cf4":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"0320315":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"fc6abc3":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"96b45e1":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"180a191":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"ebe0dc5":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"4cd97be":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""},"8854b5e":{"view_more":false,"particles":"false","particles_json":""}},"columns":[],"widgets":{"1df205c":[],"9cc5098":[],"bc422e9":[],"a04e688":[],"a931df5":[],"84a13c0":[],"e256251":[],"0062ae9":[],"8b7481f":[],"c0ffd97":[],"0346957":[],"d88ca40":[],"8adb5c6":[],"3cdd56d":[],"2b02d8b":[],"2a26c5c":[],"575d308":[],"8f8940c":[],"354eb67":[],"cc36007":[],"9ecb1a1":[],"943e4d2":[],"6b62bb0":[],"7f1f8dc":[],"9a80545":[],"94e208e":[],"7171331":[],"ecf355e":[],"634caff":[],"f869cae":[],"dacc8e8":[],"fd0ffdf":[],"55e3c55":[],"f924eea":[],"4d38723":[],"eff2fec":[],"678b107":[],"30abf8e":[],"4fedac6":[],"4dd0267":[],"290d712":[],"365aa9b":[],"0b8e9fd":[],"89de00c":[],"74419e28":[],"590ab80":[],"8ea1cb3":[]}}}; </script> <script src="https://philosophy.la.psu.edu/wp-content/plugins/jet-tricks/assets/js/jet-tricks-frontend.js?ver=1.4.9" id="jet-tricks-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-9492db17adbd8e5312e","applicationID":"991938872","transactionName":"NQBbMEpUWkRRAkNeWwxKeAdMXFtZHwhZU1Ea","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":2811,"atts":"GUdYRgJOSUo=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>