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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81_(1690)" title="Битка при Фльорюс (1690) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Фльорюс (1690)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Schlacht bei Fleurus (1690) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Batalla de Fleurus (1690) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Bataille de Fleurus (1690) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Battaglia di Fleurus (1690) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84_(1690%E5%B9%B4)" title="フルーリュスの戦い (1690年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フルーリュスの戦い (1690年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Fleurus_i_1690" title="Slaget ved Fleurus i 1690 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Fleurus i 1690" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Fleurus_i_1690" title="Slaget ved Fleurus i 1690 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Fleurus i 1690" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Bitwa pod Fleurus (1690) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Bătălia de la Fleurus (1690) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5_(1690)" title="Битва при Флёрюсе (1690) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Флёрюсе (1690)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Slaget vid Fleurus (1690) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Fleurus (1690)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deujhinme_batreye_di_Fleuru_(1690)" title="Deujhinme batreye di Fleuru (1690) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Deujhinme batreye di Fleuru (1690)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%8B%92%E5%91%82%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1690%E5%B9%B4)" title="弗勒呂斯戰役 (1690年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗勒呂斯戰役 (1690年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&params=50.4833_N_4.5500_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°29′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°33′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.4833°N 4.5500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.4833; 4.5500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle in the Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Fleurus (disambiguation)">Battle of Fleurus</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Fleurus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Batalla_de_Fleurus_(1690).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg/300px-Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg/450px-Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg/600px-Batalla_de_Fleurus_%281690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="877" /></a></span><br /><i>Battle of Fleurus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Denis_Martin_(1663%E2%80%931742)" title="Pierre-Denis Martin (1663–1742)">Pierre-Denis Martin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 July 1690</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Fleurus" title="Fleurus">Fleurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_de_Montmorency,_duc_de_Luxembourg" title="François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck" title="Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck">Waldeck</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 30,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastex2012227Jones2001260_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastex2012227Jones2001260-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />35,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />40,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020196Van_Alphen201972Van_Lennep1880195Stapleton2003206Childs2003190_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020196Van_Alphen201972Van_Lennep1880195Stapleton2003206Childs2003190-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 70 guns</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 30,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880195Van_Nimwegen2020195–196Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880195Van_Nimwegen2020195–196Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />37,800–38,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Castex2012227Périni1906267_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Castex2012227Périni1906267-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 90 guns</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3,600<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérini1906275_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérini1906275-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />6,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999209Bodart1908112_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999209Bodart1908112-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />7,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 11,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStapleton2003206_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStapleton2003206-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />19,000–21,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Périni1906274Bodart1908112_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Périni1906274Bodart1908112-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Flanders and the Lower Rhine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Kaiserswerth_(1689)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Kaiserswerth (1689) (page does not exist)">Kaiserswerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Walcourt" title="Battle of Walcourt">Walcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bonn_(1689)" title="Siege of Bonn (1689)">Bonn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fleurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1691)" title="Siege of Mons (1691)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuze" title="Battle of Leuze">Leuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1692)" title="Siege of Namur (1692)">1st Namur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenkerque" title="Battle of Steenkerque">Steenkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dottignies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dottignies (page does not exist)">Dottignies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Huy_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Huy (1693) (page does not exist)">1st Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landen" title="Battle of Landen">Landen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Charleroi_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Charleroi (1693) (page does not exist)">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Diksmuide_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Diksmuide (1694) (page does not exist)">1st Diksmuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1694)" title="Siege of Huy (1694)">2nd Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1695)" title="Siege of Namur (1695)">2nd Namur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Deinze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Deinze (page does not exist)">1st Deinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Brussels_(1695)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardment of Brussels (1695)">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Diksmuide" title="Capitulation of Diksmuide">2nd Diksmuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Givet" title="Bombardment of Givet">Givet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Deinze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Deinze (page does not exist)">2nd Deinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ath_(1697)" title="Siege of Ath (1697)">Ath</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Upper Rhine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Philippsburg_(1688)" title="Siege of Philippsburg (1688)">Philippsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mannheim_(1688)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Mannheim (1688) (page does not exist)">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Frankenthal_(1688)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Frankenthal (1688) (page does not exist)">Frankenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1689)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Mainz (1689)">Mainz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Piedmont</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Staffarda" title="Battle of Staffarda">Staffarda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Susa_(1690)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Susa (1690) (page does not exist)">Susa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nice_(1691)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nice (1691) (page does not exist)">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cuneo_(1691)" title="Siege of Cuneo (1691)">Cuneo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pinerolo_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pinerolo (1693) (page does not exist)">Pinerolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marsaglia" title="Battle of Marsaglia">Marsaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Valenza_(1696)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Valenza (1696) (page does not exist)">Valenza</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Catalonia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Barretinas" title="Revolt of the Barretinas">Barretinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Brotherhood" title="Second Brotherhood">Second Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Roses_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Roses (1693) (page does not exist)">Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torroella" title="Battle of Torroella">Torroella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Girona_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Girona (1694) (page does not exist)">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sant_Esteve_d%27en_Bas" title="Battle of Sant Esteve d'en Bas">Sant Esteve d'en Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Barcelona_(1697)" title="Siege of Barcelona (1697)">Barcelona</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bandon" title="Capture of Bandon">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_Dromore" title="Break of Dromore">Dromore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Derry" title="Siege of Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newtownbutler" title="Battle of Newtownbutler">Newtownbutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrickfergus_(1689)" title="Siege of Carrickfergus (1689)">Carrickfergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Newry" title="Raid on Newry">Newry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cavan" title="Battle of Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Athlone_(1690)" title="Siege of Athlone (1690)">1st Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Waterford" title="Capture of Waterford">Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1690)" title="Siege of Limerick (1690)">1st Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cork" title="Siege of Cork">Cork and Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Athlone" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Athlone">2nd Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aughrim" title="Battle of Aughrim">Aughrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1691)" title="Siege of Limerick (1691)">2nd Limerick</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Great Britain</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Invasion of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wincanton_Skirmish" title="Wincanton Skirmish">Wincanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(1688)" title="Battle of Reading (1688)">Reading</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loup_Hill" title="Battle of Loup Hill">Loup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Killiecrankie" title="Battle of Killiecrankie">Killiecrankie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkeld" title="Battle of Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cromdale" title="Battle of Cromdale">Cromdale</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabana_Real" title="Battle of Sabana Real">1st Guárico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gu%C3%A1rico_(1695)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Guárico (1695) (page does not exist)">2nd Guárico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1697)" title="Raid on Cartagena de Indias (1697)">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gu%C3%A1rico_(1697)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Guárico (1697) (page does not exist)">3rd Guárico</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pondich%C3%A9ry_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pondichéry (1693) (page does not exist)">Pondichéry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bantry_Bay" title="Battle of Bantry Bay">Bantry Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)" title="Battle of Beachy Head (1690)">Beachy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Alicante_(1691)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Alicante (1691) (page does not exist)">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Barfleur_and_La_Hougue" title="Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue">Barfleur and La Hogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Barfleur" title="Action at Barfleur">Barfleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Cherbourg_(1692)" title="Action at Cherbourg (1692)">Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_La_Hogue_(1692)" title="Action at La Hogue (1692)">La Hogue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lagos_(1693)" title="Battle of Lagos (1693)">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camaret" title="Battle of Camaret">Camaret</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardment_of_Dieppe_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardment of Dieppe (1694) (page does not exist)">Dieppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Texel_(1694)" title="Battle of Texel (1694)">Texel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardment_of_Dunkirk_(1695)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardment of Dunkirk (1695) (page does not exist)">Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dogger_Bank_(1696)" title="Battle of Dogger Bank (1696)">Dogger Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Fleurus</b>, fought on 1 July 1690 near <a href="/wiki/Fleurus" title="Fleurus">Fleurus</a>, then part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>, now in modern <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, was a major engagement of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_de_Montmorency,_duc_de_Luxembourg" title="François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg">Marshall Luxembourg</a> defeated an <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(League_of_Augsburg)" title="Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)">Allied</a> force under <a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck" title="Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck">Waldeck</a>. </p><p>Luxembourg's victory had limited strategic impact, since <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> ordered him to end his campaign in the Spanish Netherlands, and instead reinforce <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">the Dauphin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. This gave the Allies time to withdraw to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, and rebuild their army. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fleurus_1_July_1690.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fleurus_1_July_1690.png/220px-Fleurus_1_July_1690.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fleurus_1_July_1690.png/330px-Fleurus_1_July_1690.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fleurus_1_July_1690.png/440px-Fleurus_1_July_1690.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fleurus" title="Fleurus">Fleurus</a> sits midway between <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, near the river <a href="/wiki/Sambre" title="Sambre">Sambre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1690, the main theatre of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a> moved from the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>. Defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Walcourt" title="Battle of Walcourt">Walcourt</a> in August 1689 led to <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Crevant,_Duke_of_Humi%C3%A8res" title="Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières">Humières</a> being replaced as commander by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Henri_de_Montmorency,_duc_de_Luxembourg" title="François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, who retained the position until his death in 1695. His army consisted of around 30,000–40,000 men, while if necessary he could call upon support from <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Boufflers" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis François, duc de Boufflers">Boufflers</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999205_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999205-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck" title="Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck">Waldeck</a>, the victor of Walcourt, continued as commander of Allied forces in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999205_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999205-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waldeck had hoped to delay the campaign to enable the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Elector of Brandenburg</a> to move on the Moselle and tie down Boufflers, but Luxembourg's early manoeuvres had allowed Boufflers to move between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Sambre" title="Sambre">Sambre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> to support the French commander. Waldeck, meanwhile, left his assembly point at <a href="/wiki/Tienen" title="Tienen">Tienen</a> (Tirlemont) and advanced to <a href="/wiki/Wavre" title="Wavre">Wavre</a>. After dispersing his troops to live off forage, the Allied army reassembled and advanced to Genappe on 8 June. </p><p>In mid-June Luxembourg split his forces. Humières was relegated to supervise the garrison of the Lines of the <a href="/wiki/Lys_(river)" title="Lys (river)">Lys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a>, whilst the main French army left <a href="/wiki/Deinze" title="Deinze">Deinze</a> and marched south, crossing the Sambre at Jeumont on 23 June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999206_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, detachments from Boufflers force under Rubantel had augmented Luxembourg's army, which continued its march, camping at <a href="/wiki/Boussu" title="Boussu">Boussu</a> on 27 June. </p><p>As Luxembourg manoeuvred south of <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, Waldeck moved his camp between Nivelles and Pieton on 28 June. That same evening, Luxembourg personally led a detachment from <a href="/wiki/Gerpinnes" title="Gerpinnes">Gerpinnes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Floating_dock_(jetty)" title="Floating dock (jetty)">pontoons</a> to establish a bridge across the Sambre at Ham. A fortified position at Froidmont (garrisoned by about 100 men) was soon compelled to surrender after artillery was brought across the river; a simultaneous attack by French <a href="/wiki/Dragoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoons">dragoons</a> seized an enemy <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubt</a> that had been abandoned at the approach of Luxembourg's army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999206_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the bridgehead secure, the rest of the French army (apart from the heavy baggage that had remained on the south bank at Ham) crossed the Sambre on 30 June. (<i>See map</i>). </p><p>Waldeck decamped and moved towards the French bridgehead. French and Dutch cavalry sent out to reconnoitre the area crossed swords in an inconclusive action near <a href="/wiki/Fleurus" title="Fleurus">Fleurus</a>, but by evening the French cavalry had withdrawn to Velaine where it was joined by the rest of their army, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Allies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Fleurus,_1_July_1690.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Battle_of_Fleurus%2C_1_July_1690.PNG/180px-Battle_of_Fleurus%2C_1_July_1690.PNG" decoding="async" width="180" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Battle_of_Fleurus%2C_1_July_1690.PNG/270px-Battle_of_Fleurus%2C_1_July_1690.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Battle_of_Fleurus%2C_1_July_1690.PNG 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_de_Montmorency-Bouteville,_duc_de_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> divides his forces and attacks <a href="/wiki/Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck" title="Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck">Waldeck's</a> army on both flanks.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 1 July, Luxembourg marched his forces towards Fleurus. Waldeck had set up his 30,000-38,000 troops in the two customary lines on the high ground between the village of Heppignies on their right and past the chateau of St Amant on their left; Waldeck's front was covered by the Orme stream whose elevated banks made a frontal assault all but impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luxembourg decided to attack both flanks of the Allied army simultaneously, an audacious plan whose success required secrecy and deception. The columns of the first French line split to take position between Heppignies and Fleurus, with some troops moving up towards St Amant. The two columns of Luxembourg's right veered off to the north across the Orme, their passage covered by the hedges and wheat fields, and by a screen of French cavalry. Forty cannons were positioned near the chateau of St Amant, and another 30 guns positioned between the chateau and Fleurus. </p><p>Unnoticed by Waldeck, Luxembourg had enveloped his flanks. Had the Allied commander realised that Luxembourg had split his army in two, he might have overwhelmed the isolated French left before the right came into position, but he did not.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the French right wing was in position (commanded by Luxembourg himself), their artillery opened fire at about 10:00, striking the Allied infantry with great effect. The French left wing, commanded by Lieutenant-General Jean Christophe, comte de Gournay, opened their attack with a cavalry charge but Gournay was killed in the assault; his death disordered his cavalry which withdrew to Fleurus to regroup.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999208_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999208-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg/220px-EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg/330px-EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg/440px-EB1911_Fleurus_1690.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Battle of Fleurus 1690, from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.</figcaption></figure> <p>A French cavalry charge on the right wing however, met with more success, driving the enemy cavalry back. What ensued from that point on varies depending on the sources. <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lynn" title="John A. Lynn">John A. Lynn</a> states that, on the heels of the cavalry assault, the French infantry now advanced against both flanks of Waldeck's line which, finding itself enveloped, finally broke. Some of the Allied troops managed to regroup on high ground near Fleurus, but were eventually overwhelmed. Despite being pressed by French cavalry, Waldeck was able to create a new line with his remaining forces further back. However, this line also collapsed, broken by French infantry flushed with confidence from their initial success. The remainder of Waldeck's troops streamed towards <a href="/wiki/Nivelles" title="Nivelles">Nivelles</a> in the best order they could.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999208_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999208-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>Olaf Van Nimwegen</i> however, on the critical moment Waldeck and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Willem_van_Aylva" title="Hans Willem van Aylva">Aylva</a> found themselves enveloped by the French, they ordered the Dutch infantry to form <a href="/wiki/Infantry_square" title="Infantry square">squares</a>. This succeeded and the advancing French cavalry was forced to break off the assault. The French infantry, ordered to march straight onto the enemy, also failed to break the squares after suffering heavy casualties. Luxembourg, noticing the senselessness of further assaults decided to break the Dutch infantry by bombarding the thick squares from close range with captured artillery. To his surprise, despite heavy casualties the Dutch retained formation, and one of his adjutants, who could no longer stand to see the bloodshed, tried to negotiate their capitulation. After the battle, Luxembourg wrote to Louivois that "he told them that they were completely enveloped, that I (Luxembourg) was there and that I would spare them. They answered him: Leave, we want nothing, and are strong enough to defend ourselves."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199–200_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199–200-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What followed was a stubborn rearguard action. Waldeck and Aylva moved the troops in squares in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Mellet" title="Mellet">Mellet</a> and from there to <a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, while the Dutch battalions in the rear formed an alternating front to the French. Under this covering fire the troops under Waldeck left the battlefield. The Dutch right flank under <a href="/wiki/Henry_Casimir_II,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dietz" title="Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz">Henry Casimir II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Walrad,_Prince_of_Nassau-Usingen" title="Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen">Prince of Nassau-Usingen</a> sought refuge in the vicinity of the guns of <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slag_bij_Fleurus,_1690,_RP-P-OB-82.712_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Slag_bij_Fleurus%2C_1690%2C_RP-P-OB-82.712_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4897" data-file-height="3193" /></a><figcaption>Waldeck and Dutch soldiers after the battle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fleurus was one of the bloodiest battles of the age, with enormous losses on both sides, but casualty estimates vary greatly. According to Austrian historian <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bodart" title="Gaston Bodart">Gaston Bodart</a>, the French had 3,000 men killed and another 3,000 wounded, and the allies suffered 6,000 killed, 5,000 wounded and 8,000 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Périni writes that 612 officers and 3,000 soldiers were killed or wounded on the French side, and that the allies had 5,000 killed and 9,000 captured, but does not mention a number of wounded. Additionally, the French took 48 guns and 150 flags or standards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérini1906274_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérini1906274-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Nimwegen and <a href="/wiki/John_Childs_(historian)" title="John Childs (historian)">John Childs</a>, however, reduce allied casualties to 7,000 killed and wounded and argue that French losses were at least equal,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2003190_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2003190-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but do not provide an estimate for the number of prisoners, a number some Dutch sources bring down to 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosscha1838274_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosscha1838274-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allies also captured 34 banners and standards, which was rare for a losing side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch historians have generally emphasized the bravery and skill of their infantry and like to quote Luxembourg, who is reported to have said that the Dutch foot soldiers surpassed those of the Spanish at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a> and that he wanted to remember them all his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoop186151_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoop186151-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French historian <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">François Guizot</a> described Fleurus as a complete French victory, but one devoid of result.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Michel_le_Tellier,_Marquis_de_Louvois" title="François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois">Louvois</a>, Louis’ war minister, wanted to order Luxembourg to immediately besiege <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis</a>, concerned about the dauphin's forces on the Rhine, ordered Luxembourg to detach part of his forces and forgo a major siege. Louvois objected, but King Louis wanted to be sure that nothing ‘disagreeable’ happened to his son's command.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Luxembourg was able to put much of the land east of Brussels under contribution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999209_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999209-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French pressed the prisoners of war captured at Fleurus and in preceding events into their service. They sent the Germans to the army in Catalonia, the Walloons to Germany and the Dutch to Savoy. Many however escaped and made it back to allied territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195037_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195037-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waldeck eventually retired on Brussels, where his injured troops were replaced with men from fortress garrisons.<sup id="cite_ref-lynn209_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynn209-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15,000 Spanish troops under the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonio_de_Agurto,_Marquis_of_Gasta%C3%B1aga" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Antonio de Agurto, Marquis of Gastañaga">Marquis of Gastañaga</a> joined the main Allied army, as did <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Octavio_Tserclaes_de_Tilly" title="Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly">Tilly</a> with troops from <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> on 22 July. On 2 August, the Elector of Brandenburg's forces combined with Waldeck, whose Allied army now numbered 70,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020202_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020202-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this force, the Allied army marched to <a href="/wiki/Genappe" title="Genappe">Genappe</a>, proceeding on to Nivelles on 7 August. After the battle, there was modest satisfaction in the Dutch Republic. They believed that the French had suffered more soldiers killed or wounded and the French army was indeed in no better shape than that of the Allies to continue the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remainder of the campaign season in the Spanish Netherlands was relatively quiet. Boufflers temporarily combined his forces with Luxembourg, but in late August he returned to the area between the Sambre and Meuse rivers. After a series of minor skirmishes, both the Allies and the French returned to winter quarters in October; Luxembourg careful to station his men on enemy territory, while the Allies quartered in and around <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>. The Hanoverians returned home, while many from Brandenburg and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a> found quarters in the fortresses of the Spanish Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999210_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999210-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Louis XIV had become so disillusioned with his infantry that he ordered Luxembourg to avoid infantry engagements in 1691. He believed such an engagement "involves heavy losses and is never decisive".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1995113_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1995113-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trois_Burettes" title="Trois Burettes">Trois Burettes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastex2012227Jones2001260-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastex2012227Jones2001260_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastex2012">Castex 2012</a>, p. 227; <a href="#CITEREFJones2001">Jones 2001</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020196Van_Alphen201972Van_Lennep1880195Stapleton2003206Childs2003190-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020196Van_Alphen201972Van_Lennep1880195Stapleton2003206Childs2003190_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 196; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Alphen2019">Van Alphen 2019</a>, p. 72; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Lennep1880">Van Lennep 1880</a>, p. 195; <a href="#CITEREFStapleton2003">Stapleton 2003</a>, p. 206; <a href="#CITEREFChilds2003">Childs 2003</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880195Van_Nimwegen2020195–196Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880195Van_Nimwegen2020195–196Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Lennep1880">Van Lennep 1880</a>, p. 195; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, pp. 195–196; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Alphen2019">Van Alphen 2019</a>, p. 72; <a href="#CITEREFChilds2003">Childs 2003</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Castex2012227Périni1906267-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Castex2012227Périni1906267_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 207; <a href="#CITEREFCastex2012">Castex 2012</a>, p. 227; <a href="#CITEREFPérini1906">Périni 1906</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérini1906275-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérini1906275_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPérini1906">Périni 1906</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999209Bodart1908112-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999209Bodart1908112_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 209; <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201Van_Alphen201972Childs2003190_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 201; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Alphen2019">Van Alphen 2019</a>, p. 72; <a href="#CITEREFChilds2003">Childs 2003</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStapleton2003206-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStapleton2003206_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStapleton2003">Stapleton 2003</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Périni1906274Bodart1908112-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999207Périni1906274Bodart1908112_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 207; <a href="#CITEREFPérini1906">Périni 1906</a>, p. 274; <a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999205-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999205_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999205_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999206-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999206_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999206_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999208-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999208_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999208_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199–200-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020199–200_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020201_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195027_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTen_Raa1950">Ten Raa 1950</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérini1906274-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérini1906274_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPérini1906">Périni 1906</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilds2003190-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilds2003190_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChilds2003">Childs 2003</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosscha1838274-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosscha1838274_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosscha1838">Bosscha 1838</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Lennep1880196_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Lennep1880">Van Lennep 1880</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnoop186151-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnoop186151_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnoop1861">Knoop 1861</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizot: <i>A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolf: <i>Louis XIV</i>, p. 560</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999209-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999209_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195037-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETen_Raa195037_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTen_Raa1950">Ten Raa 1950</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lynn209-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lynn209_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV 1667–1714,</i> p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020202-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020202_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynn1999210-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynn1999210_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLynn1999">Lynn 1999</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1995113-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1995113_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1995">Chandler 1995</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChilds2003" class="citation book cs1">Childs, John (2003). <i>Warfare in the Seventeenth Century</i>. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36373-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36373-1"><bdi>0-304-36373-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+the+Seventeenth+Century.&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-304-36373-1&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dupuy, R. E & Dupuy, T. N. <i>The Collins Encyclopaedia of Military History 4th ed.</i> HarperCollins Publishers, (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1">0-06-270056-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot, Francois P. G</a>. <i>A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11955/11955-h/11955-h.htm#image-68">gutenberg.org</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2001" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Archer (2001). <i>The Art of War in the Western World</i>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0252069666" title="Special:BookSources/978-0252069666"><bdi>978-0252069666</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+War+in+the+Western+World&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0252069666&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Archer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lynn, John A. <i>The French wars 1667–1714: The Sun King at War.</i> Osprey Publishing, (2002). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-361-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-361-6">1-84176-361-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynn1999" class="citation book cs1">Lynn, John A (1999). <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714</i>. Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2"><bdi>0-582-05629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Louis+XIV%2C+1667%E2%80%931714&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-582-05629-2&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=John+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baptist_Wolf" title="John Baptist Wolf">Wolf, John B</a>. <i>Louis XIV.</i> Panther Books, (1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-03332-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-03332-7">0-586-03332-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastex2012" class="citation book cs1">Castex, Jean-Claude (2012). <i>Combats franco-anglais de la guerre de trente ans et de la ligue d'Augsbourg</i>. Éditions du Phare-Ouest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-29-216-6811-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-29-216-6811-8"><bdi>978-29-216-6811-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combats+franco-anglais+de+la+guerre+de+trente+ans+et+de+la+ligue+d%27Augsbourg&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Phare-Ouest&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-29-216-6811-8&rft.aulast=Castex&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérini1906" class="citation book cs1">Périni, Hardy (1906). <i>Batailles françaises (5e série)</i>. Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-20-161-3674-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-20-161-3674-4"><bdi>978-20-161-3674-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batailles+fran%C3%A7aises+%285e+s%C3%A9rie%29&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1906&rft.isbn=978-20-161-3674-4&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rini&rft.aufirst=Hardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020" class="citation book cs1">Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020). <i>De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712</i>. Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4"><bdi>978-90-446-3871-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Veertigjarige+Oorlog+1672%E2%80%931712.&rft.pub=Prometheus&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-446-3871-4&rft.aulast=Van+Nimwegen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fleurus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fleurus">"Fleurus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 499–500.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fleurus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=499-500&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Alphen2019" class="citation book cs1">Van Alphen, Marc; Hoffenaar, Jan; Lemmers, Alan; Van der Spek, Christiaan (2019). <i>Krijgsmacht en Handelsgeest: Om het machtsevenwicht in Europa</i>. Boom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-244-3038-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-244-3038-3"><bdi>978-90-244-3038-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krijgsmacht+en+Handelsgeest%3A+Om+het+machtsevenwicht+in+Europa&rft.pub=Boom&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-90-244-3038-3&rft.aulast=Van+Alphen&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Hoffenaar%2C+Jan&rft.au=Lemmers%2C+Alan&rft.au=Van+der+Spek%2C+Christiaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTen_Raa1950" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ten Raa, F.J.G. (1950). <i>Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VII (The Dutch States Army: Part VII)</i> (in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Het+Staatsche+Leger%3A+Deel+VII+%28The+Dutch+States+Army%3A+Part+VII%29&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Ten+Raa&rft.aufirst=F.J.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Lennep1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Lennep, Jacob (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006gesc07_01/lenn006gesc07_01_0014.php"><i>De geschiedenis van Nederland, aan het Nederlandsche Volk verteld</i></a> [<i>The history of the Netherlands, told to the Dutch nation</i>] (in Dutch). Leiden; z.j.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+geschiedenis+van+Nederland%2C+aan+het+Nederlandsche+Volk+verteld&rft.pub=Leiden%3B+z.j.&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Van+Lennep&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2Flenn006gesc07_01%2Flenn006gesc07_01_0014.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodart1908" class="citation book cs1">Bodart, Gaston (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Eo4DAAAAYAAJ/page/112/mode/1up"><i>Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milit%C3%A4r-historisches+Kriegs-Lexikon+%281618%E2%80%931905%29&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Bodart&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Eo4DAAAAYAAJ%2Fpage%2F112%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStapleton2003" class="citation book cs1">Stapleton, John. M (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1061304400&disposition=inline"><i>Forging a Coalition Army: William III, the Grand Alliance, and the Confederate Army in the Spanish Netherlands, 1688–1697</i></a>. Ohio State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forging+a+Coalition+Army%3A+William+III%2C+the+Grand+Alliance%2C+and+the+Confederate+Army+in+the+Spanish+Netherlands%2C+1688%E2%80%931697&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Stapleton&rft.aufirst=John.+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2Fapexprod%2Frws_etd%2Fsend_file%2Fsend%3Faccession%3Dosu1061304400%26disposition%3Dinline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosscha1838" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bosscha, Johannes (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Nj1OwhfMisC"><i>Neêrlands heldendaden te land, van de vroegste tijden af tot in onze dagen</i></a> (in Dutch). Suringar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ne%C3%AArlands+heldendaden+te+land%2C+van+de+vroegste+tijden+af+tot+in+onze+dagen&rft.pub=Suringar&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Bosscha&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Nj1OwhfMisC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoop1861" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Jan_Knoop" title="Willem Jan Knoop">Knoop, Willem Jan</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_gid001186101_01/_gid001186101_01_0002.php">"Coehoorn"</a>. <i>De Gids</i> (in Dutch). <b>25</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Gids&rft.atitle=Coehoorn&rft.volume=25&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Knoop&rft.aufirst=Willem+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2F_gid001186101_01%2F_gid001186101_01_0002.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler1995" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, David G (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofwarfareinth00davi/page/112/mode/2up"><i>The art of warfare in the age of Marlborough</i></a>. Sarpedon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+warfare+in+the+age+of+Marlborough&rft.pub=Sarpedon&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofwarfareinth00davi%2Fpage%2F112%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Fleurus+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)&params=50.4833_N_4.5500_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°29′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°33′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.4833°N 4.5500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.4833; 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