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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:Pronunciation respelling key – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="मदद:Pronunciation respelling key – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Indicar_pronunciaciones_irregulares_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Wikipedia:Indicar pronunciaciones irregulares en español – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Indicar pronunciaciones irregulares en español" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kunci_pengejaan_pengucapan" title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Wikipédia:Pronunciation respelling key – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BF" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ବିଧି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଇଂରାଜୀ ଶବ୍ଦ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ ବିଧି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pron%C3%BAncias_irregulares" title="Wikipédia:Pronúncias irregulares – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Pronúncias irregulares" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respellin_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respellin key – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Help:Pronunciation respellin key" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="උදවු:Pronunciation respelling key – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Роҳнамо:Pronunciation respelling key – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роҳнамо:Pronunciation respelling key" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%92_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ویکیپیڈیا:دوبارہ ہجے تلفظ کلید – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:دوبارہ ہجے تلفظ کلید" 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It may reflect differing levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:RESPELL"></span><span id="H:PRK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:RESPELL&redirect=no">H:RESPELL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:PRK&redirect=no">H:PRK</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This page contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The following pronunciation respelling key is used in some Wikipedia articles to <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">respell the pronunciations of English words</a>. It does not use special symbols or diacritics apart from the <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> (ə), which is used for the first sound in the word "about". See documentation for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Respell" title="Template:Respell">Respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for examples and instructions on using the template. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Key"></span>Key<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Key"></span></h2></div> <p>Both the IPA and respelling for English on Wikipedia are designed to record all distinctive sounds found in major varieties of English. That is, we record differences found in some varieties but not in others, such as those between "father" and "farther", "wine" and "whine", and "cot" and "caught". This does not mean these differences are, or must be, always distinguished; if you speak a dialect that does not distinguish "father" and "farther", for example, simply ignore the difference between <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FAH</span>-dhər</i> and <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">FAR</span>-dhər</i>. </p><p>For a more thorough discussion of the sounds and dialectal variation, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float: left; margin-right: 2em; text-align:center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Rspl. </th> <th class="unsortable">Example(s) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>a</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>a</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ah</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">f<b>a</b>ther</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>air</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ear</b>, M<b>ar</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ar</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">f<b>ar</b>ther</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑːr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>arr</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">m<b>arr</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ær/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>aw</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ough</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ay</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ai</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>e</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>e</b>t</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>eh</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">pr<b>e</b>stige</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ee</i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ea</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;">happ<b>y</b>, ser<b>i</b>ous</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>eer</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>eer</b>, n<b>ear</b>er</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>err</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">m<b>err</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ew</i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><sup id="cite_ref-ew_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">c<b>u</b>te, b<b>eau</b>ty, d<b>ew</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/juː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;">int<b>u</b>ition, Lith<b>u</b>ania</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ju/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>eye</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-eye_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eye-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>i</b>tem, y<b>i</b>kes</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>y</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-eye_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eye-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>i</b>te, b<b>i</b>de, sk<b>y</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>i</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>i</b>t</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ih</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">h<b>i</b>storic</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ire</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">h<b>ire</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aɪər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>irr</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">m<b>irr</b>or</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>o</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>o</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɒ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>oh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>oa</b>t</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>oir</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">c<b>oir</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔɪər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>oo</i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>oo</b>t, y<b>ou</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;">infl<b>u</b>ence, fr<b>u</b>ition</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>oor</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">p<b>oor</b>, t<b>our</b>ist</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʊər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>or</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">h<b>or</b>se, h<b>oar</b>se, p<b>our</b>, f<b>or</b>um</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔːr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>orr</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">m<b>or</b>al</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɒr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>our</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">fl<b>our</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʊər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ow</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ou</b>t, v<b>ow</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>oy</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">ch<b>oi</b>ce, b<b>oy</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>u</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>u</b>t</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʌ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>uh</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">fr<b>u</b>stration</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ur</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>ir</b>d, f<b>urr</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɜːr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ure</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ew_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">c<b>ure</b>, n<b>eur</b>al</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jʊər/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>urr</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">h<b>urr</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʌr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>uu</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-checked_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-checked-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">b<b>oo</b>k</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>uurr</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">c<b>our</b>ier</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʊr/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ə</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>a</b>bout, comm<b>a</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ər</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">lett<b>er</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ər/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float: left; text-align:center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Rspl. </th> <th class="unsortable">Example(s) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>b</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>b</b>uy</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ch</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-tch_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>ch</b>urch, na<b>t</b>ure</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>tch</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-tch_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">chur<b>ch</b>, na<b>t</b>ural</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>d</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>d</b>ye, la<b>dd</b>er</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>dh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>th</b>y, <b>th</b>is</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ð/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>f</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>f</b>ight</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>g</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>g</b>o</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>gh</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>g</b>uess, <b>g</b>uitar</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>h</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>h</b>igh</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>j</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>j</b>ive</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʒ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>k</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>k</b>ite, s<b>k</b>y, lo<b>ck</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>kh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">lo<b>ch</b>, <b>Ch</b>anukah</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>l</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>l</b>ie, s<b>l</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>m</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>m</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>n</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>n</b>igh</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ng</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">ri<b>ng</b>, si<b>ng</b>er</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>nk</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">si<b>nk</b></div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋk/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>p</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>p</b>ie, s<b>p</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>r</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>r</b>ye, t<b>r</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>s</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>s</b>igh</div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>ss</i></span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">i<b>c</b>e, ten<b>s</b>e</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>sh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>sh</b>y</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>t</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>t</b>ie, s<b>t</b>y, la<b>tt</b>er</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>th</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>th</b>igh</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>v</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>v</b>ine</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>w</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>w</b>ine</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>wh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>wh</b>ine</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hw/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>y</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>y</b>ou</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>z</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;"><b>z</b>oo</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><i>zh</i></span></td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:left;">plea<b>s</b>ure</div> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllables_and_stress" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syllables_and_stress-Key"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syllables_and_stress-Key"></span>Syllables and stress<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syllables_and_stress-Key"></span></h3></div> <p>Respelled <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllables</a> are visually separated by hyphens ("-"), and the <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stress</a> on a syllable is indicated by capital letters. </p> <ul><li>For example, the word "pronunciation" (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is respelled <i title="English pronunciation respelling">prə-<span style="font-size:90%">NUN</span>-see-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-shən</i>. In this example, the primary and secondary stress are not distinguished because the difference is automatic.</li></ul> <p>In words where primary stress precedes secondary stress, however, the secondary stress should not be differentiated from unstressed syllables. </p> <ul><li>For example, "motorcycle" (transcribed with the stress <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> in American dictionaries, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> in British) should be respelled as <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOH</span>-tər-sy-kəl</i> because <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOH</span>-tər-<span style="font-size:90%">SY</span>-kəl</i> would incorrectly suggest the pronunciation <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="When_to_use_and_when_not_to" data-mw-thread-id="h-When_to_use_and_when_not_to"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-When_to_use_and_when_not_to"></span>When to use and when not to<span data-mw-comment-end="h-When_to_use_and_when_not_to"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:RESPELLNOT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:RESPELLNOT&redirect=no">WP:RESPELLNOT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>As designated in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation</a>, the standard set of symbols used to show the pronunciation of English words on Wikipedia is the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). The IPA has significant advantages over this respelling system, as it can be used to accurately represent pronunciations from any language in the world, and (being an international standard) is often more familiar to European/Commonwealth and non-native speakers of English. On the other hand, the IPA (being designed to represent sounds from any language in the world) is not as intuitive for those chiefly familiar with English orthography, for whom this respelling system is likely to be easier for English words and names. So, while the IPA is the required form of representing pronunciation, respelling remains optional. It should not be used for representing non-English words or an approximation thereof. </p><p>Sometimes another means of indicating a pronunciation is more desirable than this respelling system, such as when a name is intended to be a homonym of an existing English word or phrase, or in case of an <a href="/wiki/Initialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Initialism">initialism</a> or a name composed of numbers or symbols. When citing a homonym, it should not be enclosed in the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Respell" title="Template:Respell">respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template. In such cases, an IPA notation is usually nevertheless needed, but not necessarily so; see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Other_transcription_systems" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Other transcription systems</a> for further discussion. </p><p>Respelling should also be avoided when a respelled syllable would be the same as an existing word that is pronounced differently. "Maui" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> respelled as <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOW</span>-ee</i>, "metonymy" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> as <i title="English pronunciation respelling">meh-<span style="font-size:90%">TON</span>-im-ee</i>, and "cobalt" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> as <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOH</span>-bolt</i> are susceptible to being misinterpreted as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, because of the words "mow", "ton", and "bolt", so only IPA should be provided for such words. </p><p>Particularly, respelling <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʊ/</span> could prove problematic as there are a variety of monosyllabic words spelled with "ow" and pronounced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oʊ/</span>: <i>blow</i>, <i>blown</i>, <i>bow</i>, <i>bowl</i>, <i>flow</i>, <i>flown</i>, <i>glow</i>, <i>grow</i>, <i>grown</i>, <i>growth</i>, <i>low</i>, <i>mow</i>, <i>mown</i>, <i>own</i>, <i>row</i>, <i>show</i>, <i>slow</i>, <i>snow</i>, <i>sow</i>, <i>sown</i>, <i>stow</i>, <i>strow</i>, <i>throw</i>, <i>tow</i>, and <i>trow</i>. There is no universal solution to this problem ("ou" also varies as in <i>loud</i>, <i>soup</i>, <i>soul</i>, and <i>touch</i>), so respelling a word including <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʊ/</span> may be best avoided altogether; however, sometimes the benefit of respelling may outweigh the disadvantage, especially for longer words, so exercise discretion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">Help:IPA/Conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Respell" title="Template:Respell">Respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: the template and instructions for adding pronunciation respelling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Pronunciation respelling for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-checked-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-checked_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɒ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʌ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ/</span> (<i>a, e(h), i(h), o, u(h), uu</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Checked_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Checked vowel">checked vowels</a>, meaning never occurring at the end of a word or before a vowel. When a checked vowel is followed by a consonant and a stressed vowel, which is rare nonetheless, it is acceptable in some cases to attribute the following consonant to the same syllable as the checked vowel, as in <i title="English pronunciation respelling">bal-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span></i>, even though in IPA it is customary to attribute it to the following syllable, as in <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>. However, when the following consonant is a voiceless plosive (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span>) pronounced with <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspiration</a> (a slight delay in the voicing of the following vowel), it must be attributed to the same syllable as the following vowel, as in <i title="English pronunciation respelling">ta-<span style="font-size:90%">TOO</span></i>, because <i title="English pronunciation respelling">tat-<span style="font-size:90%">OO</span></i> may result in a different pronunciation than intended (compare "whatever" <i title="English pronunciation respelling">whot-<span style="font-size:90%">EV</span>-ər, whut-</i>, wherein <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> is not aspirated and may be <a href="/wiki/T-glottalization" title="T-glottalization">glottalized</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flapping" title="Flapping">flapped</a>). Similarly, when a vowel is followed by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>, one or more consonants, and a stressed vowel, the syllabification must be retained, as in <i title="English pronunciation respelling">fruh-<span style="font-size:90%">STRAY</span>-shən</i>, because <i title="English pronunciation respelling">frus-<span style="font-size:90%">TRAY</span>-shən</i> may result in a different pronunciation than intended.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span> in syllable-final positions may be respelled <i>eh</i> instead of <i>e</i> when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as another sound such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i(ː)/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/eɪ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ew-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ew_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ew_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ew</i> and <i>ure</i> are for when <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ju(ː)/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jʊər/</span> takes place right after a consonant within the same syllable. When <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ju(ː)/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jʊər/</span> begins a syllable (e.g. "youth", "Europe", "value"), use <i>yoo(r)</i>—unless it is subject to <a href="/wiki/Yod-dropping" class="mw-redirect" title="Yod-dropping">yod-dropping</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yod-coalescence" class="mw-redirect" title="Yod-coalescence">yod-coalescence</a>: "Lithuania" <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LITH</span>-ew-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-nee-ə</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eye-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eye_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eye_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aɪ/</span> is respelled <i>eye</i> when it begins a syllable or is preceded by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> and otherwise <i>y</i>. When <i>y</i> is placed between consonants within the same syllable, place an <i>e</i> at the end of the syllable as necessary: "tight" <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TYTE</span></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪ/</span> in syllable-final positions may be respelled <i>ih</i> instead of <i>i</i> when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as another sound such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aɪ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʌ/</span> in syllable-final positions is respelled <i>uh</i> instead of <i>u</i> to better distinguish it from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u(ː),<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tch-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tch_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tch_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span> after a vowel in the same syllable is respelled <i>tch</i> instead of <i>ch</i> to better distinguish it from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> may be respelled <i>gh</i> instead of <i>g</i> when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʒ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋk/</span> is respelled <i>nk</i> rather than <i>ngk</i>, since the assimilation is mandatory, except beyond a syllable boundary: "tinker" <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TING</span>-kər</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> may be respelled <i>ss</i> instead of <i>s</i> when otherwise it may be misinterpreted as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span>: "ice" <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">EYESS</span></i>, "tense" <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TENSS</span></i> (compare <i>eyes</i>, <i>tens</i>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_keys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> keys</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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