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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Biografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Onderrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Onderrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teenstand_teen_Arianisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teenstand_teen_Arianisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Teenstand teen Arianisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teenstand_teen_Arianisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriarg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Patriarg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eerste_ballingskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eerste_ballingskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Eerste ballingskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eerste_ballingskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tweede_ballingskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweede_ballingskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Tweede ballingskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweede_ballingskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derde_ballingskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derde_ballingskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Derde ballingskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derde_ballingskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vierde_ballingskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vierde_ballingskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Vierde ballingskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vierde_ballingskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vyfde_ballingskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vyfde_ballingskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Vyfde ballingskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vyfde_ballingskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laaste_jare_en_dood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laaste_jare_en_dood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.6</span> <span>Laaste jare en dood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laaste_jare_en_dood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Werke</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werke-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Werke subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polemiese_en_teologiese_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polemiese_en_teologiese_werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Polemiese en teologiese werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polemiese_en_teologiese_werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biografiese_en_asketiese_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografiese_en_asketiese_werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Biografiese en asketiese werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografiese_en_asketiese_werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkeerd_toegeskryfde_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkeerd_toegeskryfde_werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Verkeerd toegeskryfde werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkeerd_toegeskryfde_werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eskatologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskatologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eskatologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eskatologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nalatenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nalatenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nalatenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nalatenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiese_betekenis_en_kontroversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_betekenis_en_kontroversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historiese betekenis en kontroversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historiese_betekenis_en_kontroversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Historiese betekenis en kontroversies subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historiese_betekenis_en_kontroversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuwe_Testamentiese_kanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuwe_Testamentiese_kanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nuwe Testamentiese kanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuwe_Testamentiese_kanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondersteuners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondersteuners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ondersteuners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ondersteuners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Kritici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geselekteerde_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geselekteerde_werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Geselekteerde werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geselekteerde_werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Athanasius die Grote</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 67 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="أثناسيوس الأول (بابا الإسكندرية) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أثناسيوس الأول (بابا الإسكندرية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اثناسيوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اثناسيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasiu_d%27Alexandr%C3%ADa" title="Atanasiu d'Alexandría – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Atanasiu d'Alexandría" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sk%C9%99nd%C9%99riyy%C9%99li_Afanasi" title="İskəndəriyyəli Afanasi – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İskəndəriyyəli Afanasi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_vo_Alexandria" title="Athanasius vo Alexandria – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Athanasius vo Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Афанасій Вялікі – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афанасій Вялікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Атанасий Велики – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атанасий Велики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="আলেকজান্দ্রিয়ার অ্যাথানাসিয়াস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলেকজান্দ্রিয়ার অ্যাথানাসিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Atanasi_d%27Alexandria" title="Sant Atanasi d'Alexandria – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sant Atanasi d'Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Atanáš – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atanáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_af_Alexandria" title="Athanasius af Alexandria – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Athanasius af Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_der_Gro%C3%9Fe" title="Athanasius der Große – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Athanasius der Große" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αθανάσιος Αλεξανδρείας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αθανάσιος Αλεξανδρείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Athanasius of Alexandria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanazio" title="Atanazio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atanazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasio_de_Alejandr%C3%ADa" title="Atanasio de Alejandría – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atanasio de Alejandría" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasios" title="Athanasios – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Athanasios" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasio_Alexandriakoa" title="Atanasio Alexandriakoa – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atanasio Alexandriakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="آتاناسیوس اسکندریه – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتاناسیوس اسکندریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasios_Suuri" title="Athanasios Suuri – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Athanasios Suuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanase_d%27Alexandrie" title="Athanase d'Alexandrie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Athanase d'Alexandrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan%C3%A1is_Chathair_Alastair" title="Atanáis Chathair Alastair – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Atanáis Chathair Alastair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasio_de_Alexandr%C3%ADa" title="Atanasio de Alexandría – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atanasio de Alexandría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אתנסיוס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אתנסיוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanazije_Aleksandrijski" title="Atanazije Aleksandrijski – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atanazije Aleksandrijski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriai_Szent_Atan%C3%A1z" title="Alexandriai Szent Atanáz – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexandriai Szent Atanáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Աթանաս Ալեքսանդրացի – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աթանաս Ալեքսանդրացի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Աթանաս Ալեքսանդրացի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աթանաս Ալեքսանդրացի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius" title="Athanasius – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Athanasius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasio_di_Alessandria" title="Atanasio di Alessandria – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atanasio di Alessandria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="アレクサンドリアのアタナシオス – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドリアのアタナシオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_I_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="ათანასე I (ალექსანდრიის პატრიარქი) – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ათანასე I (ალექსანდრიის პატრიარქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%ED%83%80%EB%82%98%EC%8B%9C%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="알렉산드리아의 아타나시우스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드리아의 아타나시우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_Alexandrinus" title="Athanasius Alexandrinus – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Athanasius Alexandrinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Atanazas_Aleksandrietis" title="Šv. Atanazas Aleksandrietis – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Atanazas Aleksandrietis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrijas_Atanasijs" title="Aleksandrijas Atanasijs – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrijas Atanasijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasi%C3%B4sy_avy_any_Aleksandria" title="Atanasiôsy avy any Aleksandria – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atanasiôsy avy any Aleksandria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Атанасиј Александриски – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атанасиј Александриски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അത്തനാസിയൂസ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അത്തനാസിയൂസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_dari_Iskandariah" title="Athanasius dari Iskandariah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Athanasius dari Iskandariah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Athanasius van Alexandrië – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Athanasius van Alexandrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_av_Alexandria" title="Athanasius av Alexandria – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Athanasius av Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_av_Alexandria" title="Athanasius av Alexandria – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Athanasius av Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanazy_Wielki" title="Atanazy Wielki – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atanazy Wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="د اسکندريې اتاناسيوس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اسکندريې اتاناسيوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan%C3%A1sio_de_Alexandria" title="Atanásio de Alexandria – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atanásio de Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasie_din_Alexandria" title="Atanasie din Alexandria – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atanasie din Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Афанасий Великий – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афанасий Великий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanazije_Aleksandrijski" title="Atanazije Aleksandrijski – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atanazije Aleksandrijski" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius" title="Athanasius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Athanasius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan%C3%A1z_Alexandrijsk%C3%BD" title="Atanáz Alexandrijský – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atanáz Alexandrijský" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanazij_Veliki" title="Atanazij Veliki – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atanazij Veliki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasi_i_Aleksandris%C3%AB" title="Athanasi i Aleksandrisë – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Athanasi i Aleksandrisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Атанасије Александријски – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атанасије Александријски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasios" title="Athanasios – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Athanasios" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasi_wa_Aleksandria" title="Atanasi wa Aleksandria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Atanasi wa Aleksandria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அலெக்சாந்திரியா நகர அத்தனாசியார் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலெக்சாந்திரியா நகர அத்தனாசியார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อะทาเนเชียสแห่งอะเล็กซานเดรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะทาเนเชียสแห่งอะเล็กซานเดรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasio" title="Atanasio – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atanasio" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Athanasios_(%C4%B0skenderiye_piskoposu)" title="I. Athanasios (İskenderiye piskoposu) – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Athanasios (İskenderiye piskoposu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Афанасій Великий – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афанасій Великий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasi%C3%B4_th%C3%A0nh_Alexandria" title="Athanasiô thành Alexandria – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Athanasiô thành Alexandria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Indien dit nie binne twee weke versorg word nie, mag dit vir <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bladsyverwydering" title="Wikipedia:Bladsyverwydering">verwydering</a> kwalifiseer.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:3px; margin:1px 1px 1em 1em; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#E6E6B2; color:#000000; text-align: center;" colspan="3"><b><span style="font-size: 120%;">Athanasius van Alexandrië</span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ikoon van Athanasius"><img alt="Ikoon van Athanasius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg/264px-Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg/396px-Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg/528px-Ikone_Athanasius_von_Alexandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="3"><i><small>Ikoon van Athanasius</small></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Indeling</td> <td colspan="2">Patriarg </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Kerk</td> <td colspan="2">Alexandrië </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Setel</td> <td colspan="2">Alexandrië </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Termyn</td> <td colspan="2">328–339, 346–373 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E6E6B2; color:#000000; text-align: center;" colspan="3"><b>Kerkampte</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Voorganger</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pous_Aleksander_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Aleksander I van Alexandrië">Aleksander I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Opvolger</td> <td colspan="2">Pistos </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E6E6B2; color:#000000; text-align: center;" colspan="3"><b>Persoonlike besonderhede</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Gebore</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/296" title="296">296</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Geboorteplek</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Oorlede</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2_Mei" title="2 Mei">2 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/373" title="373">373</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Sterfteplek</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold;">Nasionaliteit</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Egiptenare" title="Egiptenare">Egiptenaar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E6E6B2; color: var(--color-base); text-align: center;" colspan="3"> <table style="background:transparent; color:var(--color-base); margin: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle"><b>Portaal</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Rusland" title="Portaal:Rusland">Rusland</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Athanasius I van Alexandrië</b> (<small><a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>:</small> Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας) (296 – 2 Mei 373), ook bekend as <b>Athanasius die Grote, Athanasius die Belyder</b>, of, onder <a href="/wiki/Kopte" title="Kopte">Koptiese Christene</a>, <b>Athanasius die Apostoliese</b>, was 'n Christelike teoloog en die 20ste <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_patriarge_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Lys van patriarge van Alexandrië">patriarg van Alexandrië</a> (as Athanasius I). Sy onderbroke biskopskap het oor 45 jaar gestrek ( 8 Junie 328 – 2 Mei 373), hy is vyf keer in 17 jaar onder die bevel van vier verskillende Romeinse keisers verban. Athanasius was 'n <a href="/wiki/Kerkvaders" title="Kerkvaders">kerkvader</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die hoofverdediger van die <a href="/wiki/Drie-eenheid" title="Drie-eenheid">drie-eenheid</a> teen <a href="/wiki/Arianisme" title="Arianisme">Arianisme</a>, en 'n bekende <a href="/wiki/Egiptiese" class="mw-redirect" title="Egiptiese">Egiptiese</a> Christelike leier van die vierde eeu. </p><p>Konflik met Arius en Arianisme, sowel as met opeenvolgende Romeinse keisers, het Athanasius se loopbaan gevorm. In 325, op die ouderdom van 27, het Athanasius sy prominente rol teen die Ariane as 'n diaken en assistent van biskop <a href="/wiki/Pous_Aleksander_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Aleksander I van Alexandrië">Aleksander</a> begin tydens die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Konsilie_van_Nicea" title="Eerste Konsilie van Nicea">Eerste Konsilie van Nicaea</a>. Romeinse keiser <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_die_Grote" title="Konstantyn die Grote">Konstantyn die Grote</a> het die konsilie in Mei-Augustus 325 byeengeroep om die Ariaanse standpunt aan te spreek dat die Seun van God, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_van_Nasaret" title="Jesus van Nasaret">Jesus van Nasaret</a>, 'n afsonderlike wese van <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">die Vader</a> is.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drie jaar na daardie konsilie het Athanasius sy mentor as patriarg van Alexandrië opgevolg. Benewens die konflik met die Ariane (insluitend magtige en invloedryke Ariaanse kerkmanne onder leiding van Eusebius van Nicomedia), het hy gestry teen die keisers <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_die_Grote" title="Konstantyn die Grote">Konstantyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julianus" title="Julianus">Julianus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>. Hy was bekend as <i>Athanasius Contra Mundum</i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyns:</a></small> vir 'Athanasius teen die wêreld'). </p><p>Nietemin, binne 'n paar jaar na sy dood, het Gregorius van Nazianzus hom die "Pilaar van die Kerk" genoem. Sy geskrifte is hoog geag deur daaropvolgende kerkvaders in die Weste en die Ooste, wat ook hul toewyding aan die Woord-word-mens, pastorale besorgdheid en belangstelling in kloosterwese onderskryf het. Athanasius word beskou as een van die vier groot Oosterse Doktors van die Kerk in die <a href="/wiki/Katolieke_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolieke Kerk">Katolieke Kerk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Doctors_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doctors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige argumenteer dat Athanasius in sy Paasbrief van 367 die eerste persoon was wat die <a href="/wiki/Nuwe_Testament" title="Nuwe Testament">27 boeke van die Nuwe-Testamentiese</a> kanon wat vandag in gebruik is, gelys het.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Ander argumenteer dat <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes van Alexandrië</a> die eerste was wat die sewe-en-twintig boeke van die Nuwe Testament in sy Homilieë oor <a href="/wiki/Josua" title="Josua">Josua</a> gelys het (daar is 'n teksvariant wat blykbaar <a href="/wiki/Openbaring" title="Openbaring">Openbaring</a> ingesluit het).<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_J._Kruger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_J._Kruger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius word as 'n heilige in die <a href="/wiki/Oosters-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk">Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="/wiki/Katolieke_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolieke Kerk">Katolieke Kerk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="/wiki/Kopties-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Kopties-Ortodokse Kerk">Kopties-Ortodokse Kerk</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Gemeenskap" title="Anglikaanse Gemeenskap">Anglikaanse Gemeenskap</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Lutheraanse_kerke" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheraanse kerke">Lutheraanse Kerke</a> vereer. </p> <table class="infobox bordered vcard" style="width:25em; font-size:95%; text-align:left;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold; font-size:120%;"><i>Athanasius die Grote</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Athanasius_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Athanasius_I.jpg/200px-Athanasius_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Athanasius_I.jpg/300px-Athanasius_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Athanasius_I.jpg/400px-Athanasius_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;">Heilige en Doktor van die Kerk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gebore </th> <td><a href="/wiki/296" title="296">296</a> <a href="/wiki/N.C." class="mw-redirect" title="N.C.">n.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterfte </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2_Mei" title="2 Mei">2 Mei</a> <a href="/wiki/373" title="373">373</a> n.C., <a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vereer in </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2715140">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooms_Katolieke_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooms Katolieke Kerk">Katolieke Kerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oosters-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk">Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori%C3%ABntale_Ortodoksie" title="Oriëntale Ortodoksie">Oriëntale Ortodokse Kerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiriese_Kerk_van_die_Ooste" title="Assiriese Kerk van die Ooste">Assiriese Kerk van die Ooste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Gemeenskap" title="Anglikaanse Gemeenskap">Anglikaanse Gemeenskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheranisme</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pelgrimsoord </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2715140"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Kerk van San Zaccaria, <a href="/wiki/Venesi%C3%AB" title="Venesië">Venesië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></li> <li>Sint Markus se Koptiese-Ortodokse katedraal, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Feesdag </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2715140"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>7 Pashons (<a href="/wiki/Kopte" title="Kopte">Koptiese Christendom</a>)</li> <li>2 Mei (Westerse Christendom)</li> <li>18 Januarie (Bisantynse Christendom)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Attribute </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2715140"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Biskop wat met 'n heiden stry</li> <li>Biskop wat 'n oop boek vashou</li> <li>Biskop staan oor 'n verslane ketter (Arius)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beskermheilige </th> <td>Teoloë </td></tr> </tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athanasius is in 'n Christelike gesin in <a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oca_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of moontlik die nabygeleë Nyldelta-dorp Damanhur, iewers tussen 293 en 298 gebore. Die vroeër datum word soms toegeken as gevolg van die volwassenheid wat in sy twee vroegste verhandelings <i>Contra Gentes</i> (Teen die heidene) en <i>De Incarnatione</i> (Oor die inkarnasie) geopenbaar is, wat waarskynlik omstreeks 318 geskryf is, voor die Ariaanse konflik, aangesien daardie geskrifte nie 'n bewustheid van Arianisme toon nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornelius Clifford plaas sy geboorte egter nie vroeër as 296 en nie later as 298 nie, gebaseer op die feit dat Athanasius geen eerstehandse herinnering van die Maximiaanse vervolging van 303 aandui nie, wat hy glo Athanasius sou onthou het as hy tien jaar oud was op daardie stadium. Tweedens sê die Feesbriewe dat die Ariane Athanasius onder meer daarvan beskuldig het dat hy nog nie die kanonieke ouderdom (35) bereik het nie en dus nie behoorlik as patriarg van Alexandrië in 328 georden kon word nie. Die aantyging moes redelik geklink het.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die <a href="/wiki/Ortodokse_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodokse Kerk">Ortodokse Kerk</a> plaas sy geboortejaar rondom 297.<sup id="cite_ref-oca_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oca-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onderrig">Onderrig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Onderrig"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sy ouers was ryk genoeg om hom 'n goeie sekulêre opvoeding te gee.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy was nietemin duidelik nie 'n lid van die Egiptiese <a href="/wiki/Aristokrasie" title="Aristokrasie">aristokrasie</a> nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige Westerse deskundiges beskou sy vaardigheid met <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>, waarin hy die meeste van sy oorlewende werke (indien nie al sy werke) geskryf het nie, as bewys dat hy moontlik 'n Griek was wat in Alexandrië gebore is. Historiese bewyse dui egter daarop dat hy ook <a href="/wiki/Kopties" title="Kopties">Kopties</a> magtig was, gegewe die streke van <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> waar hy gepreek het.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige oorlewende kopieë van sy geskrifte is in Kopties, hoewel deskundiges verskil of hy dit oorspronklik in Kopties geskryf het (wat hom die eerste patriarg sou maak om dit te doen) en of dit vertalings was van geskrifte wat oorspronklik in Grieks was.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rufinus vertel 'n storie dat terwyl <a href="/wiki/Pous_Aleksander_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Aleksander I van Alexandrië">pous Aleksander</a> by 'n venster gestaan het, het hy gesien hoe seuns op die seestrand daaronder speel en die ritueel van <a href="/wiki/Doop" title="Doop">Christelike doop</a> naboots. Hy het die kinders laat haal en ontdek dat een van die seuns (Athanasius) as biskop opgetree het. Nadat hy Athanasius ondervra het, het Aleksander hom meegedeel dat die dope eg was, aangesien beide die vorm en saak van die sakrament uitgevoer is deur die voordrag van die korrekte woorde en die toediening van water, en dat hy nie moet voortgaan om dit te doen aangesien die gedooptes nie behoorlik gekatkiseer was nie. Hy het Athanasius en sy speelmaats genooi om vir geestelike loopbane voor te berei.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrië</a> was die belangrikste handelsentrum in die ryk tydens Athanasius se kinderjare. Intellektueel, moreel en polities het dit die etnies diverse Grieks-Romeinse wêreld verpersoonlik, selfs meer as <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> of <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiogi%C3%AB" title="Antiogië">Antiogië</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die stad se beroemde kategetiese skool het, terwyl dit niks van sy beroemde passie vir ortodoksie sedert die dae van Pandanus, <a href="/wiki/Clemens_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Clemens van Alexandrië">Clemens van Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionisius_die_Grote" title="Dionisius die Grote">Dionisius</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teognosties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teognosties (bladsy bestaan nie)">Teognosties</a> verloor het nie, 'n byna sekulêre karakter begin aanneem in die omvattendheid van die skool se belangstellings en invloedryke heidene het onder die ernstige ouditeure getel.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pous_Petrus_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Petrus I van Alexandrië">Petrus van Alexandrië</a>, die 17de pous van Alexandrië, is in 311 in die laaste dae van die <a href="/wiki/Vervolging_van_Christene_in_die_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Vervolging van Christene in die Romeinse Ryk">Groot Vervolging</a> gemartel en was moontlik een van Athanasius se leermeesters. Sy opvolger as pous van Alexandrië was <a href="/wiki/Pous_Aleksander_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Aleksander I van Alexandrië">Aleksander van Alexandrië</a>. Volgens Sozomen het die biskop Aleksander Athanasius genooi om sy tafelgenoot en sekretaris te wees. Athanasius was goed opgevoed en was onderleg in grammatika en <a href="/wiki/Retoriek" title="Retoriek">retoriek</a>, en het reeds, terwyl hy nog 'n jong man was, en voordat hy die biskopskap bereik het, bewys van sy wysheid en insig gelewer aan diegene wat saam met hom gewoon het'".(<i>Soz., II, xvii</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athanasius se vroegste werk, <i>Contra Gentes</i> – <i>De Incarnatione</i> (geskryf voor 319), bevat spore van die oorspronklike Alexandrynse denke, maar op 'n ortodokse manier.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius was ook vertroud met die teorieë van verskeie filosofiese skole en in die besonder met die ontwikkelinge van neoplatonisme. Uiteindelik sou Athanasius die filosofiese denke van die Skool van Alexandrië verander van die Origenistiese beginsels soos die "heeltemal allegoriese interpretasie van die teks". Tog haal Athanasius in latere werke <a href="/wiki/Homeros" title="Homeros">Homerus</a> meer as een keer aan (<i>Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29</i>). </p><p>Athanasius het Grieks geken, maar nie <a href="/wiki/Hebreeus" title="Hebreeus">Hebreeus</a> nie [sien bv. die 39ste Feesbrief van Sint Athan]. Die <a href="/wiki/Ou_Testament" title="Ou Testament">Ou-Testamentiese</a> gedeeltes wat hy gereeld aanhaal, kom uit die Griekse vertaling van die <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>. Slegs enkele kere het hy ander Griekse weergawes gebruik (aan Aquila van Sinope een keer in die <i>Ecthesis</i>, na ander weergawes een of twee keer op die <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>), en sy kennis van die Ou Testament was beperk tot die Septuagint. </p><p>Aleksander het Athanasius in 319 tot diaken georden.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In 325 het Athanasius gedien as Aleksander se sekretaris by die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Konsilie_van_Nicea" title="Eerste Konsilie van Nicea">Eerste Konsilie van Nicea</a>. Reeds 'n erkende teoloog en askeet, was hy die voor die hand liggende keuse om sy verouderende mentor Aleksander te vervang as die <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_patriarge_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Lys van patriarge van Alexandrië">patriarg van Alexandrië</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ten spyte van die teëstand van die volgelinge van Arius en Meletius van Lycopolis.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na 'n lang tyd, in die Konsilie van Nicea, is die term "wesenlikheid" (<i>homoousion</i>) aangeneem, en 'n geloofsformule wat dit beliggaam, is deur Ossius van Córdoba opgestel. Van hierdie tyd af tot aan die einde van die Ariaanse kontroversies het die woord "wesenlikheid" voortgegaan om die standaard van ortodoksie te wees. Die geloofsformule wat deur Ossius opgestel is, staan bekend as die <a href="/wiki/Geloofsbelydenis_van_Nicea" title="Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea">Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy was egter nie "die skepper van die beroemde 'homoousion' nie. Die term is in 'n nie-vanselfsprekende en onwettige sin deur Paulus van Samosata aan die vaders in Antiogië voorgestel en is deur hulle verwerp as synde 'n smul aan materialistiese opvattings van die Godheid."<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terwyl hy nog 'n diaken onder Aleksander se sorg was (of vroeg in sy patriargaat, soos onder bespreek) het Athanasius moontlik ook kennis gemaak met sommige van die eensames van die Egiptiese woestyn, en in die besonder <a href="/wiki/Antonius_die_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonius die Grote">Antonius die Grote</a>, wie se lewe hy na bewering geskryf het.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teenstand_teen_Arianisme">Teenstand teen Arianisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Teenstand teen Arianisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Teenstand teen Arianisme"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ongeveer 319, toe Athanasius 'n diaken was, het 'n presbiter genaamd Arius in 'n direkte konflik met Aleksander van Alexandrië gekom. Dit blyk dat Arius Aleksander verwyt het oor wat hy gevoel het verkeerde of dwaalleringe was wat deur die biskop onderrig is.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arius se teologiese sienings blyk stewig in die Alexandrynse Christendom gewortel te wees.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het 'n ondergeskikte Christologie omhels wat geleer het dat Christus die goddelike Seun (<i>Logos</i>) van God was, gemaak, nie gebore nie. Hierdie siening is sterk beïnvloed deur Alexandrynse denkers soos <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en was destyds 'n algemene Christologiese siening in Alexandrië.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arius het ondersteuning gehad van 'n magtige biskop genaamd Eusebius van Nicomedia (nie te verwar met <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_van_Caesarea" title="Eusebius van Caesarea">Eusebius van Caesarea</a> nie),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wat illustreer hoe Arius se ondergeskikte Christologie deur ander Christene in die ryk gedeel is. Arius is daarna deur Aleksander geëkskommunikeer, en Arius het die steun van baie biskoppe begin ontlok wat met sy standpunt saamgestem het.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patriarg">Patriarg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Patriarg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Patriarg"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frances A. M. Forbes skryf dat toe patriarg Aleksander op sy sterfbed was, het hy Athanasius geroep, wat gevlug het uit vrees dat hy gedwing sou word om biskop gemaak te word. "Toe die biskoppe van die kerk vergader het om hul nuwe patriarg te kies, het die hele Katolieke bevolking die kerk omsingel, hul hande na die hemel opgehou en gehuil; "Gee ons Athanasius!" Die biskoppe het niks beter gehad nie. Athanasius is dus verkies."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alban Butler skryf oor die onderwerp: "Vyf maande na hierdie groot Konsilie van Nicea, het Sint Aleksander wat op sy sterfbed gelê het, aan sy geestelikes en mense die keuse van Athanasius as sy opvolger aanbeveel, en sy naam drie keer herhaal. As gevolg van sy aanbeveling het die biskoppe van die hele Egipte in Alexandrië vergader, en omdat hulle die mense en geestelikes eenparig in hul keuse van Athanasius as patriarg gevind het, het hulle sy verkiesing omstreeks die middel van jaar 326 bevestig. Dit lyk dus of hy toe omtrent dertig jaar oud was."<sup id="cite_ref-Butler1860_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler1860-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>T. Gilmartin (Professor in Geskiedenis, Maynooth, 1890) skryf: "Met die dood van Aleksander, vyf maande na die beëindiging van die Konsilie van Nicea, is Athanasius eenparig verkies om die vakante amp te vul. Hy was uiters onwillig om die waardigheid te aanvaar, want hy het duidelik die probleme voorsien waarin dit hom sou betrek. Die geestelikes en mense was vasbeslote om hom as hul biskop, patriarg van Alexandrië, te hê en het geweier om enige verskonings te aanvaar. Hy het uiteindelik ingestem om 'n verantwoordelikheid te aanvaar wat hy tevergeefs probeer ontsnap het, en is in 326 ingewy, toe hy omtrent dertig jaar oud was."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athanasius se biskopskap het op 9 Mei 328 begin toe die Aleksandrynse raad Athanasius verkies het om op te volg na die dood van Aleksander.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Patriarg Athanasius het meer as 17 jaar in vyf ballingskappe deurgebring wat deur vier verskillende Romeinse keisers beveel is, uitsluitend die ongeveer ses verdere voorvalle waarin Athanasius uit Alexandrië gevlug het om mense te ontsnap wat hom om die lewe wou bring. Gedurende sy eerste jare as biskop het Athanasius die kerke van sy gebied besoek, wat destyds die hele <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> en <a href="/wiki/Libi%C3%AB" title="Libië">Libië</a> ingesluit het. Hy het kontak gemaak met die kluisenaars en monnike van die woestyn, insluitend Pachomius, wat oor die jare baie waardevol vir hom was.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Gedurende die agt-en-veertig jaar van sy biskopskap word sy geskiedenis vertel in die geskiedenis van die kontroversies waarin hy voortdurend met die Ariane betrokke was, en van die lyding wat hy moes verduur ter verdediging van die Niceense geloof. Ons het gesien dat toe Arius toegelaat is om terug te keer uit ballingskap in 328, het Athanasius geweier om die vonnis van ekskommunikasie te verwyder."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eerste_ballingskap">Eerste ballingskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Eerste ballingskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Eerste ballingskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athanasius se eerste probleem het gelê by Meletius van Lycopolis en sy volgelinge, wat versuim het om by die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Konsilie_van_Nicea" title="Eerste Konsilie van Nicea">Eerste Konsilie van Nicaea</a> te hou. Daardie konsilie het Arius ook verdoem. Athanasius, wat daarvan beskuldig word dat hy Ariane en Meletiane mishandel het, het daardie aanklagte beantwoord tydens 'n byeenkoms van biskoppe by die Eerste sinode van <a href="/wiki/Tirus" title="Tirus">Tirus</a> in 335. Daar het Eusebius van Nicomedia en ander ondersteuners van Arius Athanasius afgesit.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 6 November het beide kante van die dispuut met keiser <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantyn I">Konstantyn I</a> in <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> vergader. By daardie vergadering het die Ariane beweer Athanasius sou probeer om noodsaaklike Egiptiese graanvoorrade aan Konstantinopel af te sny. Hy is skuldig bevind en in ballingskap na <i>Augusta Treverorum</i> in <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Gallië</a> (nou Trier in Duitsland) gestuur.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christianity,_Daily_Telegraph_1999_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christianity,_Daily_Telegraph_1999-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toe Athanasius in 336 sy bestemming in ballingskap bereik het, het Maximin van Trier hom ontvang, maar nie as 'n skande nie. Athanasius het vir twee jaar by hom gebly.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler1860_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler1860-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konstantyn is in 337 oorlede en is opgevolg deur sy drie seuns, Konstantyn II, <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius</a> en Constans I. Paulus I van Konstantinopel het keiser Constans teen die Ariane gewaarsku en hul komplotte onthul, en hy is ook verban en by Maximin skuiling gevind.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tweede_ballingskap">Tweede ballingskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Tweede ballingskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tweede ballingskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toe keiser Konstantyn I gesterf het, is Athanasius toegelaat om terug te keer na sy setel van Alexandrië. Kort daarna het Constantius II egter die bevel vir Athanasius se verbanning in 338 hernu. "Binne 'n paar weke het hy na Rome vertrek om sy saak voor die kerk in die algemeen te lê. met heelhartigheid wat nooit afgewyk het tot die dag van daardie heilige pous se dood nie. Die pous het 'n sinode van biskoppe ontbied om in Rome te vergader. Na 'n noukeurige en gedetailleerde ondersoek van die hele saak, is die primaat se onskuld aan die Christelike wêreld verkondig."<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford19072-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gedurende hierdie tyd is Gregorius van Kappadosië, 'n Ariaanse biskop, as die patriarg van Alexandrië aangestel, wat die afwesige Athanasius toegeëien het. Athanasius het wel in kontak met sy mense gebly deur sy jaarlikse Feesbriewe, waarin hy ook aangekondig het op watter datum Paasfees daardie jaar gevier sou word.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 339 of 340 het byna honderd biskoppe by Alexandrië vergader, ten gunste van Athanasius verklaar<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en die kritiek van die Eusebiese faksie by Tirus kragtig verwerp. Boonop het <a href="/wiki/Pous_Julius_I" title="Pous Julius I">Pous Julius</a> aan die ondersteuners van Arius geskryf en sterk aangedring op Athanasius se herinstelling, maar daardie poging was tevergeefs. Julius het in 340 'n sinode in Rome geroep om die saak aan te spreek, wat Athanasius as die regmatige biskop van Alexandrië verklaar het.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vroeg in 343 het Athanasius Hosius van Córdoba ontmoet, en saam het hulle na Serdica vertrek. 'n Volle konsilie van die Kerk is daar opgeroep in eerbiediging van die Romeinse pous se wense. By hierdie groot byeenkoms van prelate, leiers van die Kerk, is die saak van Athanasius weer opgeneem, dit wil sê, Athanasius is formeel ondervra oor misdrywe en selfs moord, ('n biskop in Egipte met die naam Arsenius het vermis opgedaag, en hulle het die skuld gegee sy dood op Athanasius, wat selfs Arsenius se afgesnyde hand opgelewer het.)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die konsilie is byeengeroep met die doel om ondersoek in te stel na die aanklagte teen Athanasius en ander biskoppe, op grond waarvan hulle in 341 deur die semi-Ariaanse Sinode van <a href="/wiki/Antiogi%C3%AB" title="Antiogië">Antiogië</a> van hul setels gedeponeer is en in ballingskap gegaan het. Eusebiese biskoppe het beswaar gemaak teen die toelating van Athanasius en ander afgesette biskoppe tot die konsilie, behalwe as beskuldigde persone om die aanklagte teen hulle te beantwoord. Hulle besware is deur die ortodokse biskoppe tersyde gestel. Die Eusebiërs, aangesien hulle geen kans gehad het om hul standpunte te laat dra nie, het na Philippopolis in <a href="/wiki/Thraki%C3%AB_(Romeinse_provinsie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakië (Romeinse provinsie)">Thrakië</a> teruggetrek waar hulle 'n opposisiekonsilie gehou het onder die presidentskap van die Patriarg van Antiochië en die dekrete van die Sinode van Antiochië bevestig het.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Athanasius se onskuld is by die konsilie van Serdica herbevestig. Twee konsiliêre briewe is voorberei, een aan die geestelikes en getroues van Alexandrië, die ander aan die biskoppe van <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> en <a href="/wiki/Libi%C3%AB" title="Libië">Libië</a>, waarin die wil van die konsilie bekend gemaak is. Intussen het die Eusebiërs 'n anathema teen Athanasius en sy ondersteuners uitgereik. Die vervolging teen die ortodokse party het met hernieude krag uitgebreek, en Constantius is aangespoor om drastiese maatreëls voor te berei teen Athanasius en die priesters wat aan hom toegewy was. Bevele is gegee dat as Athanasius probeer om weer by sy setel in te gaan, hy gedood moes word. Athanasius het gevolglik van Serdica na Naissus in Misië onttrek, waar hy die Paasfees van die jaar 344 gevier het.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hosius het die konsilie van Serdica voorgesit, soos hy vir die Eerste konsilie van Nicaea gedoen het, wat net soos die 341 sinode Athanasius onskuldig bevind het.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1878_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1878-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het sy laaste Paasfees in ballingskap in <a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a> in April 345 gevier, ontvang deur biskop Fortunatianus.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die konsilie van Serdica het 'n gesant gestuur om hul bevinding aan Constantius te rapporteer. Constantius het sy besluit heroorweeg as gevolg van 'n dreigbrief van sy broer Constans en die onsekere toestande van sake aan die Persiese grens, en hy het dienooreenkomstig besluit om toe te gee. Maar drie afsonderlike briewe was nodig om die natuurlike huiwering van Athanasius te oorkom. Toe hy uiteindelik ingewillig het om Constantius te ontmoet, het die keiser hom 'n genadige onderhoud ontvang en in triomf teruggestuur na sy setel en het tien jaar van vrede begin.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford19072-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pous Julius is in April 352 oorlede en is deur <a href="/wiki/Pous_Liberius" title="Pous Liberius">Liberius</a> opgevolg. Vir twee jaar was Liberius gunstig vir die saak van Athanasius; maar uiteindelik in ballingskap gedryf, is hy aangespoor om 'n dubbelsinnige formule te teken, waaruit die groot Nicea-teks, die "<i>homoousion</i>", ywerig weggelaat is. In 355 is 'n konsilie in <a href="/wiki/Milaan" title="Milaan">Milaan</a> gehou, waar 'n vierde veroordeling van Athanasius aan die wêreld aangekondig is, ten spyte van die kragtige teenkanting van 'n handvol lojale prelate onder die Westerse biskoppe. Met sy vriende verstrooi, Hosius in ballingskap en pous Liberius wat aan die kaak gestel is dat hy in Ariaanse formulariums toegepas het, kon Athanasius skaars hoop om te ontsnap. Op die nag van 8 Februarie 356, terwyl hulle besig was met dienste in die Kerk van Sint Tomas, het 'n bende gewapende mans ingebars om sy arrestasie te verseker. Dit was die begin van sy derde ballingskap.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford19072-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gilmartin skryf: "Deur Constantius se bevel is die alleenheerser van die Romeinse Ryk by die dood van sy broer Constans, die konsilie van Arles in 353, gehou, wat deur Vincent, Biskop van Capua, in die naam van Pous Liberius voorgesit is. Die vaders was doodbang vir die dreigemente van die Keiser, 'n geskende Ariaan, hulle het ingestem tot die veroordeling van Athanasius. Die Pous het geweier om hul besluit te aanvaar en die Keiser versoek om nog 'n konsilie te hou, waarin die aanklagte teen Athanasius vryelik geondersoek kon word. Hiertoe het Constantius ingestem, want hy het gevoel dat hy in staat was om die konsilie in Milaan te beheer."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 355 het driehonderd biskoppe in Milaan vergader, die meeste uit die Weste en slegs 'n paar uit die Ooste. Hulle het in die kerk van Milaan ontmoet. Kort voor lank het die keiser hulle na 'n saal in die Keiserlike Paleis beveel en sodoende enige vrye debat beëindig. Hy het 'n Ariaanse geloofsformule vir hul aanvaarding aangebied. Hy het elkeen wat weier met ballingskap en dood gedreig. Almal, met die uitsondering van Dionysius (biskop van Milaan), en die twee Pouslike Legate, nl. Eusebius van Vercelli en Lucifer van Cagliari, het ingestem tot die Ariaanse Geloofsbelydenis en die veroordeling van Athanasius. Diegene wat geweier het, is in ballingskap gestuur. Die dekrete is aan die pous gestuur vir goedkeuring, maar is verwerp weens die geweld waaraan die biskoppe onderwerp is.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derde_ballingskap">Derde ballingskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Derde ballingskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Derde ballingskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deur die invloed van die Eusebiese faksie by Konstantinopel is 'n Ariaanse biskop, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorius_van_Kappadosi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorius van Kappadosië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gregorius van Kappadosië</a>, aangestel om die setel van Alexandrië in 356 te regeer. Athanasius het, nadat hy 'n paar dae in die omgewing van die stad gebly het, uiteindelik in die woestyn van Bo-Egipte onttrek waar hy vir 'n tydperk van ses jaar gebly het, die lewe van die monnike geleef het en hom gewy het aan die samestelling van 'n groep geskrifte, soos sy <i>Brief aan die Monnike</i> en <i>Vier orasies teen die Ariane</i><sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het ook sy eie onlangse optrede verdedig in die Apologie aan Constantius en Apologie vir sy vlug. Constantius se volharding in sy opposisie teen Athanasius, gekombineer met berigte wat Athanasius ontvang het oor die vervolging van nie-Ariane deur die Ariaanse biskop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgius_van_Laodisea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgius van Laodisea (bladsy bestaan nie)">Georgius van Laodisea</a>, het Athanasius aangespoor om sy meer emosionele <i>Geskiedenis van die Ariane</i> te skryf, waarin hy Constantius beskryf as 'n voorloper van die <a href="/wiki/Antichris" title="Antichris">Antichris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constantius is op 4 November 361 oorlede en is deur <a href="/wiki/Julianus" title="Julianus">Julianus</a> opgevolg. Die proklamasie van die nuwe prins se toetrede was die teken vir 'n heidense uitbraak teen die steeds dominante Ariaanse faksie in Alexandrië. Georgius, die biskop wat in besit geneem is, is gevange geneem en vermoor. ’n Duistere predikant genaamd Pistos is deur die Ariane gekies om hom op te volg, toe nuus aankom wat die ortodokse party met hoop vervul het. ’n Edik is deur Julian uitgevaardig wat die verbanne biskoppe van die "Galileërs" toegelaat het om na hul "dorpe en provinsies" terug te keer. Athanasius het gevolglik op 22 Februarie 362 na Alexandrië teruggekeer.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 362 het Athanasius 'n konsilie in Alexandrië byeengeroep en saam met Eusebius van Vercelli daaroor voorgesit. Athanasius het eenheid onder almal wat in die Christendom geglo het, selfs al verskil hulle oor terminologie, beroep. Dit het die grondslag voorberei vir sy definisie van die ortodokse leerstelling van die <a href="/wiki/Drie-eenheid" title="Drie-eenheid">Drie-eenheid</a>. Die konsilie was egter ook gerig teen diegene wat die goddelikheid van die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Gees" title="Heilige Gees">Heilige Gees</a>, die menslike siel van Christus en Christus se goddelikheid ontken het. Sagte maatreëls is ooreengekom vir daardie ketterse biskoppe wat berou het, maar streng boetedoening is vir die hoofleiers van die groot dwaalleer bepaal.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Met kenmerkende energie het hy aan die werk gegaan om die ietwat versplinterde lotgevalle van die ortodokse party te herstel en die teologiese atmosfeer van onsekerheid te suiwer. Om die misverstande wat in die loop van die vorige jare ontstaan het uit die weg te ruim, is gepoog om die betekenis van die Niceense formulariums nog verder te bepaal. Intussen het Julianus, wat blykbaar skielik jaloers geword het op die invloed wat Athanasius by Alexandrië uitgeoefen het, 'n bevel gerig aan Ecdicius, die prefek van Egipte, wat die uitsetting van die herstelde primaat dringend beveel het op grond dat hy nie ingesluit was in die keiserlike daad van genade nie. Die edik is aan die biskop gekommunikeer deur Pythicodorus Trico, wat, alhoewel hy in die "<i>Chronicon Athanasianum</i>" (XXXV) as 'n "filosoof" beskryf word, blykbaar met brutale onbeskof opgetree het. Op 23 Oktober het die mense oor die verbode biskop vergader om teen die keiser se bevel te protesteer; maar Athanasius het hulle aangespoor om te hul te onderwerp aan sy gesag, en hulle vertroos met die belofte dat sy afwesigheid van korte duur sou wees.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vierde_ballingskap">Vierde ballingskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Vierde ballingskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vierde ballingskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 362 het Julianus, bekend vir sy teenkanting teen die Christendom, Athanasius beveel om Alexandrië weer te verlaat. Athanasius het na Bo-Egipte vertrek, en daar by die <a href="/wiki/Woestynvaders" title="Woestynvaders">Woestynvaders</a> gebly tot Julianus se dood op 26 Junie 363. Athanasius het in die geheim teruggekeer na Alexandrië, waar hy 'n dokument van die nuwe keiser, <a href="/wiki/Jovianus" title="Jovianus">Jovianus</a>, ontvang het, wat hom weer in sy biskoplike funksies herstel het. Sy eerste daad was om 'n konsilie byeen te roep wat die bepalings van die Geloofsbelydenis van Nicea herbevestig het. Vroeg in September 363 vertrek hy na <a href="/wiki/Antiogi%C3%AB" title="Antiogië">Antiogië</a> aan die Orontes, met 'n sinodale brief, waarin die uitsprake van hierdie konsilie beliggaam is. By Antiogië het hy 'n onderhoud gehad met Jovianus, wat hom vriendelik ontvang het en hom selfs gevra het om 'n uiteensetting van die ortodokse geloof voor te berei. In Februarie 364 het Jovianus gesterf.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vyfde_ballingskap">Vyfde ballingskap</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Vyfde ballingskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Vyfde ballingskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die toetreding van keiser <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> het 'n nuwe lewe aan die Ariaanse party gegee. Hy het 'n bevel uitgevaardig wat die biskoppe verban het wat deur Constantius afgesit is, maar wat deur Jovianus toegelaat is om terug te keer na hul setels. Die nuus het 'n groot konsternasie in Alexandrië geskep, en die prefek het, om 'n ernstige uitbraak te voorkom, openbare versekering gegee dat die baie spesiale saak van Athanasius voor die keiser gelê sou word. Maar Athanasius het blykbaar voorspel wat in die geheim teen hom voorberei het. Hy het in Oktober 364 stilletjies aan Alexandrië onttrek en in 'n plattelandse huis buite die stad gaan bly. Valens, wat blykbaar opreg gevrees het vir die moontlike gevolge van nog 'n gewilde uitbraak, het binne 'n paar weke bevele uitgereik wat Athanasius toegelaat het om na sy biskopsetel terug te keer.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige vroeë verslae meld dat Athanasius hierdie tydperk van ballingskap by sy familie se voorvaderlike graf in 'n Christelike begraafplaas deurgebring het.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laaste_jare_en_dood">Laaste jare en dood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Laaste jare en dood" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Laaste jare en dood"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadat hy na Alexandrië teruggekeer het, het Athanasius sy laaste jare daaraan bestee om al die skade te herstel wat aangerig is gedurende die vroeër jare van geweld, verskille en ballingskap. Hy het ongestoord weer begin skryf en preek, en kenmerkend weer die siening van Christus se menswording beklemtoon wat in Nicaea gedefinieer is. Op 2 Mei 373, nadat hy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pous_Petrus_II_van_Alexandri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pous Petrus II van Alexandrië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petrus II</a>, een van sy presbiters as sy opvolger ingewy het, sterf Athanasius vreedsaam in sy eie bed, omring deur sy geestelikes en getroue ondersteuners.<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werke">Werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Koptiese literatuur is Athanasius die eerste patriarg van Alexandrië wat Kopties sowel as Grieks in sy geskrifte gebruik het.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polemiese_en_teologiese_werke">Polemiese en teologiese werke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Polemiese en teologiese werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Polemiese en teologiese werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athanasius was nie 'n spekulatiewe teoloog nie. Soos hy in sy Eerste briewe aan <i>Serapion</i> sê, het hy vasgehou aan "die tradisie, lering en geloof wat deur die apostels verkondig en deur die vaders bewaak is."<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy het gemeen dat beide die <a href="/wiki/Seun_van_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Seun van God">Seun van God</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Gees" title="Heilige Gees">Heilige Gees</a> konsubstansies met die Vader is, wat 'n groot invloed gehad het in die ontwikkeling van latere leerstellings oor die <a href="/wiki/Drie-eenheid" title="Drie-eenheid">Drie-eenheid</a>. Athanasius se "Brief betreffende die dekrete van die Raad van Nicaea" (<i>De Decretis</i>), is 'n belangrike historiese sowel as teologiese verslag van die verrigtinge van daardie konsilie. </p><p>Voorbeelde van Athanasius se polemiese geskrifte teen sy teologiese teenstanders sluit in <i>Orasies teen die Ariane</i>, sy verdediging van die goddelikheid van die Heilige Gees (<i>Briewe aan Serapion</i> in die 360's, en <i>Oor die Heilige Gees</i>), teen <i>Pneumatomachi</i> en <i>Oor die Inkarnasie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius het ook 'n tweedelige werk geskryf, <i>Teen die heidene</i> en <i>Die menswording van die Woord van God</i> voltooi waarskynlik vroeg in sy lewe, voor die Ariaanse kontroversie,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hulle vorm die eerste klassieke werke van ontwikkelde Ortodokse teologie. In die eerste deel val Athanasius verskeie heidense gebruike en oortuigings aan. Die tweede deel bied leringe oor die verlossing aan.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook in hierdie boeke het Athanasius die oortuiging na vore gebring, met verwysing na <a href="/wiki/Johannes" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes">Johannes</a> 1:1–4, dat die Seun van God, die ewige Woord (<i>Logos</i>) is, deur wie God die wêreld geskep het, daardie wêreld in menslike vorm binnegegaan het om mense terug te lei in die harmonie waaruit hulle vroeër weggeval het.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sy ander belangrike werke sluit in sy <i>Briewe aan Serapion</i>, wat die goddelikheid van die Heilige Gees verdedig. In 'n brief aan Epictetus van Korinte, verwag Athanasius toekomstige kontroversies in sy verdediging van die menslikheid van Christus. In 'n brief wat aan die monnik Dracontius gerig is, dring Athanasius hom aan om die woestyn te verlaat vir die meer aktiewe pligte van 'n biskop.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius het ook verskeie werke van Bybelse <a href="/wiki/Eksegese" title="Eksegese">eksegese</a> geskryf, hoofsaaklik oor Ou-Testamentiese materiaal. Die belangrikste hiervan is sy <i>Brief aan Marcellinus</i> (PG 27:12–45) oor hoe om psalm-sê in 'n mens se geestelike praktyk in te sluit. </p><p> Miskien was sy mees noemenswaardige brief sy Feesbrief, geskryf aan sy Kerk in Alexandrië toe hy in ballingskap was, aangesien hy nie in hulle teenwoordigheid kon wees nie. Hierdie brief toon duidelik sy standpunt dat die aanvaarding van Jesus as die Goddelike Seun van God nie opsioneel is nie, maar noodsaaklik is:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2556325">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ek weet bowendien dat nie net hierdie ding jou hartseer maak nie, maar ook die feit dat terwyl ander die kerke met geweld bekom het, jy intussen uit jou plekke verdryf word. Want hulle hou die plekke, maar jy die Apostoliese Geloof. Hulle is, dit is waar, in die plekke, maar buite die ware Geloof; terwyl jy wel buite die plekke is, maar die Geloof, binne-in jou. Kom ons oorweeg of die groter is, die plek of die Geloof. Duidelik die ware Geloof. Wie het dan meer verloor, of wie besit meer? Hy wat die plek hou, of hy wat die Geloof beklee?<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biografiese_en_asketiese_werke">Biografiese en asketiese werke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Biografiese en asketiese werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Biografiese en asketiese werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio,_nella_''Floretta''_(giardino)_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_4-July-2008.jpg"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio,_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_(giardino)_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_4-July-2008.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg/220px-2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg/330px-2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg/440px-2896_-_Catania_-_Cattedrale_-_G._Nicoli_-_S._Atanasio%2C_nella_%27%27Floretta%27%27_%28giardino%29_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_4-July-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>'n Standbeeld van Athanasius in Catania, <a href="/wiki/Sisili%C3%AB" title="Sisilië">Sisilië</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sy biografie van <a href="/wiki/Antonius_die_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonius die Grote">Antonius die Grote</a> getiteld <i>Lewe en toestand van Patros Antoniou<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> (Βίος καὶ Πολιτεία Πατρὸς Ἀντωνίου, <i>Vita Antonii</i>) het sy mees gelese werk geword. In verskeie tale vertaal, het dit in sy tyd iets van 'n topverkoper geword en 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die verspreiding van die asketiese ideaal in die Oosterse en Westerse Christendom.<sup id="cite_ref-EB2_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit beeld Antonius uit as 'n ongeletterde tog heilige man wat voortdurend geestelike oefeninge in die Egiptiese woestyn beoefen en teen demoniese magte stry. Dit het later gedien as 'n inspirasie vir Christelike monastieke in beide die Ooste en die Weste.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius se werke oor asketisme sluit ook 'n <i>Diskoers oor Maagdelikheid</i>, 'n kort werk oor <i>Liefde en Selfbeheersing</i>, en 'n verhandeling <i>Oor Siekte en Gesondheid</i> in (waarvan slegs fragmente oor is).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verkeerd_toegeskryfde_werke">Verkeerd toegeskryfde werke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Verkeerd toegeskryfde werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Verkeerd toegeskryfde werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daar is verskeie ander werke wat aan hom toegeskryf word, hoewel dit nie noodwendig algemeen as sy eie aanvaar word nie. Dit sluit in die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Geloofsbelydenis_van_Athanasius" title="Geloofsbelydenis van Athanasius">Athanasiese Geloofsbelydenis</a> (wat vandag algemeen gesien word as van 5de-eeuse Galiciese oorsprong), en 'n volledige uitleg oor die Psalms.<sup id="cite_ref-EA_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eskatologie">Eskatologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Eskatologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Eskatologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op grond van sy begrip van die profesieë van <a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl" title="Daniël">Daniël</a> en die boek <a href="/wiki/Openbaring" title="Openbaring">Openbaring</a>, het Athanasius Jesus se wederkoms in die wolke van die hemel beskryf en pleit by sy lesers om gereed te wees vir daardie dag, wanneer Jesus die aarde sou oordeel, die dooies sou opwek, die goddelose uitdryf en sy koninkryk bevestig. Athanasius het ook aangevoer dat die datum van Jesus se aardse verblyf deur die profesie van sewentig weke van Daniël 9, goddelik voorspel is.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFroom1950393_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFroom1950393-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG/220px-Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG/330px-Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG/440px-Athanasius_Frederikskirken.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>St. Athanasius (1883–84), deur Carl Rohl-Smith, Frederik's Church, <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verering">Verering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Verering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Verering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Athanasius is oorspronklik in Alexandrië begrawe, maar sy oorskot is later na die <i>Chiesa di San Zaccaria</i> in <a href="/wiki/Venesi%C3%AB" title="Venesië">Venesië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, oorgeplaas. Tydens Pous Shenouda III se besoek aan <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> (4–10 Mei 1973), het <a href="/wiki/Pous_Paulus_VI" title="Pous Paulus VI">Pous Paulus VI</a> die Koptiese Patriarg 'n oorblyfsel van Athanasius gegee,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wat hy op 15 Mei na Egipte teruggebring het.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die oorblyfsel word tans bewaar onder die nuwe Sint Markus se Koptiese Ortodokse katedraal in <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a>. Die meerderheid van Athanasius se lyk bly egter in die Venesiese kerk.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alle groot Christelike strominge wat heiliges amptelik erken, vereer Athanasius. Westerse Christene vier sy feesdag op 2 Mei, die herdenking van sy dood. Die Katolieke Kerk beskou Athanasius as 'n dokter van die kerk.<sup id="cite_ref-Doctors_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doctors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vir Koptiese Christene is sy feesdag Pashons 7 (nou omstreeks 15 Mei). <a href="/wiki/Oosters-Ortodokse_Kerk" title="Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk">Oosters-Ortodokse</a> liturgiese kalenders onthou Athanasius op 18 Januarie.<sup id="cite_ref-PRAVOSLAVIE_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRAVOSLAVIE-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius word op 2 Mei op die liturgiese kalenders van die <a href="/wiki/Kerk_van_Engeland" title="Kerk van Engeland">Kerk van Engeland</a> en die Episkopale Kerk vereer.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregorius van Nazianzus (330–390, ook 'n Dokter van die Kerk), het gesê: "Wanneer ek Athanasius prys, is deug self my tema: want ek noem elke deug so dikwels as wat ek hom noem wat van alle deugde besit was. Hy was die ware pilaar van die Kerk. Sy lewe en gedrag was die heerskappy van biskoppe, en sy leerstelling die reël van die ortodokse geloof."<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 729px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg/133px-Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg/267px-Tomb_of_Zaccaria_and_Saint_Athanasius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg/200px-StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg/300px-StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg/400px-StAthanasiusShrineinStMarkCathedralCairo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG/150px-Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG/225px-Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG/300px-Sant%27Atanasio_Bellante_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_(south_east_groin-vault)_-_Athanasios.jpg"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_(south_east_groin-vault)_-_Athanasios.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg/220px-Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg/330px-Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg/440px-Hosios_Loukas_Crypt_%28south_east_groin-vault%29_-_Athanasios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1117" /></a><figcaption>Fresko by Hosios Loukas, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> (11de eeu)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nalatenskap">Nalatenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Nalatenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Nalatenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geskiedkundige Cornelius Clifford sê in sy verslag: "Athanasius was die grootste kampvegter van Katolieke geloof oor die onderwerp van die Menswording wat die Kerk nog ooit geken het en het in sy leeftyd die kenmerkende titel van 'Vader van Ortodoksie' verdien, waardeur hy onderskei is sedertdien."<sup id="cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sint John Henry Newman beskryf hom as 'n "hoofinstrument, na die Apostels, waardeur die heilige waarhede van die Christendom aan die wêreld oorgedra en beveilig is".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die groter meerderheid van die kerkleiers en die keisers het die Arianisme ondersteun, soveel so dat Hieronymus (340–420) oor die tydperk geskryf het: "Die hele wêreld het gekreun en was verbaas om homself Arian te vind".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hy, Athanasius, het selfs 'n onregverdige ekskommunikasie gely van <a href="/wiki/Pous_Liberius" title="Pous Liberius">Pous Liberius</a> wat in ballingskap was en tot kompromie geneig was, totdat hy teruggelaat is na die See van Rome. Athanasius het feitlik alleen teen die wêreld gestaan.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler1860_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler1860-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg/220px-Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg/330px-Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg/440px-Athanasius_of_Alexandria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Standbeeld van die heilige in St Athanasius se Katolieke Kerk in Evanston, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiese_betekenis_en_kontroversies">Historiese betekenis en kontroversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Historiese betekenis en kontroversies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Historiese betekenis en kontroversies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuwe_Testamentiese_kanon">Nuwe Testamentiese kanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Nuwe Testamentiese kanon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Nuwe Testamentiese kanon"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dit was die gebruik van die biskoppe van Alexandrië om elke jaar ná <a href="/wiki/Epifanie" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanie">Epifanie</a> ’n brief te versprei wat die datum van <a href="/wiki/Paasfees" title="Paasfees">Paasfees</a> en dus ander roerende feeste bevestig. Hulle het ook van die geleentheid gebruik gemaak om ander sake te bespreek. Athanasius het vyf-en-veertig feesbriewe geskryf.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiede_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiede-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius se 39ste Feesbrief, geskryf in 367, word algemeen beskou as 'n mylpaal in die evolusie van die kanon van Nuwe-Testamentiese boeke.<sup id="cite_ref-Gwynn_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gwynn-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige beweer dat Athanasius die eerste persoon is wat dieselfde 27 boeke van die <a href="/wiki/Nuwe_Testament" title="Nuwe Testament">Nuwe Testament</a> identifiseer wat vandag in gebruik is. Tot dan was verskeie soortgelyke lyste van werke wat in kerke gelees moes word, in gebruik. Ander argumenteer dat <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes van Alexandrië</a> die eerste was wat die sewe-en-twintig boeke van die Nuwe Testament in sy <i>Homilies oor Joshua</i> gelys het (slegs daar is 'n teksvariant of hy Openbaring ingesluit het of nie).<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michael_J._Kruger_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael_J._Kruger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius sluit die Boek <a href="/wiki/Barug" title="Barug">Barug</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Brief_van_Jeremia" title="Brief van Jeremia">Brief van Jeremia</a> in en plaas die Boek <a href="/wiki/Ester_(Bybel)" title="Ester (Bybel)">Ester</a> onder die "7 boeke wat nie in die kanon is nie, maar om gelees te word" saam met die <a href="/wiki/Wysheid_van_Salomo" title="Wysheid van Salomo">Wysheid van Salomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wysheid_van_Ben_Sirag" title="Wysheid van Ben Sirag">Sirag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judit" title="Judit">Judit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boek_van_Tobit" title="Boek van Tobit">Tobit</a>, die Didache, en Die Herder van Hermas.<sup id="cite_ref-Robt_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robt-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Athanasius.jpg"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Saint_Athanasius.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Saint_Athanasius.jpg/220px-Saint_Athanasius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Saint_Athanasius.jpg/330px-Saint_Athanasius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Saint_Athanasius.jpg/440px-Saint_Athanasius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Athanasius by die Konsilie van Nicea, William van Tirus manuskripte</figcaption></figure> <p>Athanasius se lys is soortgelyk aan die kodeks Vaticanus in die Vatikaan-biblioteek. Die vestiging van die kanon was nie 'n eensydige besluit deur 'n biskop in Alexandrië nie, maar die resultaat van 'n proses van noukeurige ondersoek en beraadslaging, soos gedokumenteer in 'n kodeks van die Griekse Bybel en, sewe-en-twintig jaar later, in sy feesbrief.<sup id="cite_ref-Thiede_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thiede-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pous_Damasus_I" title="Pous Damasus I">Pous Damasus I</a>, die biskop van Rome in 382, het 'n lys boeke gepromulgeer wat 'n Nuwe-Testamentiese kanon bevat identies aan dié van Athanasius. ’n Sinode in Hippo het in 393 Athanasius en Damasus se Nuwe-Testamentiese lys herhaal (sonder die <a href="/wiki/Hebre%C3%ABrs" title="Hebreërs">Hebreërbrief</a>), en die konsilie van Kartago (397) het Athanasius en Damasus se volledige Nuwe-Testamentiese lys herhaal.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geleerdes debatteer of Athanasius se lys in 367 die basis vir latere lyste gevorm het. Omdat Athanasius se kanon die naaste kanon van enige van die Kerkvaders is aan die een wat vandag deur Protestantse kerke gebruik word, wys baie Protestante na Athanasius as die Vader van die Kanon.<sup id="cite_ref-Robt2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robt2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg/220px-Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg/330px-Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Athanasius_and_Cyril.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Athanasius (links) en sy ondersteuner Cyrillus van Alexandrië. 17de-eeuse uitbeelding.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ondersteuners">Ondersteuners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Ondersteuners" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Ondersteuners"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christelike strominge wêreldwyd vereer Athanasius as 'n heilige en leraar. Hulle noem sy verdediging van die Christologie wat in die eerste hoofstuk van die Johannes-evangelie beskryf word en sy belangrike teologiese werke (<a href="/wiki/C.S._Lewis" title="C.S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> noem <i>Oor die menswording van die Woord van God</i> 'n "meesterstuk")<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as bewys van sy geregtigheid. Hulle beklemtoon ook sy noue verhouding met <a href="/wiki/Antonius_die_Grote" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonius die Grote">Antonius</a> die Grote, die antieke monnik wat een van die stigters van die Christelike kloosterbeweging was. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Johannes" title="Evangelie volgens Johannes">Die Evangelie volgens Johannes</a>, en veral die eerste hoofstuk, demonstreer die Goddelikheid van Jesus. Hierdie Evangelie is die grootste ondersteuning van Athanasius se standpunt. Die Evangelie volgens Johannes se eerste hoofstuk het aan die einde van die Roomse-Mis begin gesê word, glo ons as gevolg van Athanasius en sy lewensstandpunt. Die begin van Johannes se Evangelie is deur die Middeleeue baie gebruik as 'n voorwerp van spesiale toewyding; die gebruik om dit by die altaar te sê het gegroei, en uiteindelik het Pous Pius V hierdie praktyk universeel gemaak vir die Romeinse Ritus in sy 1570-uitgawe van die Missaal.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortescue1907_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortescue1907-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het 'n vaste gebruik geword met uitsonderings in die gebruik van 'n ander Evangelie in gebruik vanaf 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope_Benedict_XV_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope_Benedict_XV-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jungmann_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jungmann-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyrillus van Alexandrië (370–444) sê in die eerste brief: "Athanasius is iemand wat vertrou kan word: hy sou niks sê wat nie in ooreenstemming met die heilige Skrif is nie." (Ep 1). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritici">Kritici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Kritici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Kritici"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deur die grootste deel van sy loopbaan het Athanasius baie teëstanders gehad. Klassieke geleerde Timothy Barnes vertel antieke aantygings teen Athanasius: van die besoedeling van 'n altaar, tot die verkoop van kerkgraan wat bedoel was om die armes te voed vir sy eie persoonlike gewin, en selfs geweld en moord om teenstanders te onderdruk.<sup id="cite_ref-wxdxek_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wxdxek-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> het Athanasius oor die dood van Arius gelieg, ander mans se briewe geveins en sy eie geweier, die biskop Arsenius vermoor, 'n nagmaalbeker gebreek, 'n altaar omgegooi, deur geweld en opruiing teen sy eie kanons tot biskop gemaak, en was opruiend en immoreel.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius het "Ariaan" gebruik om beide volgelinge van Arius te beskryf en as 'n neerhalende polemiese term vir Christene wat nie saamstem met sy formulering van die Drie-eenheid nie.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athanasius het baie van sy teenstanders "Ariane" genoem, behalwe Meletius.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geleerdes glo nou dat die Ariese party nie monolities was nie<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar drasties verskillende teologiese sienings gehuldig wat oor die vroeë Christelike teologiese spektrum gestrek het.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hulle het die beginsels van Origenistiese denke en ondergeskiktheidsteologie ondersteun<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar het min anders in gemeen gehad. Boonop het baie wat as "Ariaan" gemerk is, hulself nie as volgelinge van Arius beskou nie.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boonop het nie-<i>homoousion</i> biskoppe nie saamgestem om as volgelinge van Arius bestempel te word nie, aangesien Arius bloot 'n presbiter was, terwyl hulle ten volle tot biskoppe georden was.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die ou bewerings word egter steeds teen Athanasius gemaak, baie eeue later. Richard E. Rubenstein stel byvoorbeeld voor dat Athanasius onder twyfelagtige omstandighede tot die rang van biskop in Alexandrië opgevaar het omdat sommige bevraagteken het of hy die minimum ouderdom van 30 jaar bereik het, en verder dat Athanasius geweld aangewend het wanneer dit sy saak of persoonlike belange gepas het. Hy voer dus aan dat 'n klein aantal biskoppe wat Athanasius ondersteun het, 'n private inwyding gehou het om hom tot biskop te maak.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geselekteerde_werke">Geselekteerde werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Geselekteerde werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Geselekteerde werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span><i>Athanasius. Contra Gentes – De Incarnatione</i> (vertaal deur Thompson, Robert W.), teks en ET (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040456/http://www.theologynetwork.org/studying-theologyrs/on-the-incarnation.htm"><i>On the Incarnation</i></a> by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040456/http://www.theologynetwork.org/studying-theologyrs/on-the-incarnation.htm">theologynetwork.org</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span><a href="//archive.org/details/TheLettersOfSaintAthanasiusConcerningTheHolySpirit" class="extiw" title="iarchive:TheLettersOfSaintAthanasiusConcerningTheHolySpirit"><i>Letters to Serapion</i> (on the Holy Spirit)</a> op archive.org</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLaos2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laos, Nicolas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Os2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA217"><i>Methexiology: Philosophical Theology and Theological Philosophy for the Deification of Humanity</i></a> (in Engels). Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4982-3385-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4982-3385-9"><bdi>978-1-4982-3385-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methexiology%3A+Philosophical+Theology+and+Theological+Philosophy+for+the+Deification+of+Humanity&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4982-3385-9&rft.aulast=Laos&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Os2DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Council-of-Nicaea-325">First Council of Nicaea</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.title=First+Council+of+Nicaea&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FFirst-Council-of-Nicaea-325&rft.source=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doctors-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Doctors_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Doctors_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapman, John (1909). "Doctors of the Church". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstoneSparkesPeacocke2013" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, E. A.; Sparkes, M. W. D.; Peacocke, R. W., reds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DZecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19965962-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19965962-3"><bdi>978-0-19965962-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1023248322">1023248322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=91-92&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1023248322&rft.isbn=978-0-19965962-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDZecAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher,_Edmon_L_2016_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher, Edmon L. "Origen via Rufinus on the New Testament Canon." New Testament Studies 62.3 (2016): 461-476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael_J._Kruger-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Michael_J._Kruger_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Michael_J._Kruger_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_J._Kruger" class="citation web cs1">Michael J. Kruger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaeljkruger.com/what-is-the-earliest-complete-list-of-the-canon-of-the-new-testament/">"What is the Earliest Complete List of the Canon of the New Testament?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Earliest+Complete+List+of+the+Canon+of+the+New+Testament%3F&rft.au=Michael+J.+Kruger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaeljkruger.com%2Fwhat-is-the-earliest-complete-list-of-the-canon-of-the-new-testament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goarch.org/chapel?date=1/18/2022">"Online Chapel – Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America"</a>. <i>www.goarch.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goarch.org&rft.atitle=Online+Chapel+%E2%80%93+Greek+Orthodox+Archdiocese+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2Fchapel%3Fdate%3D1%2F18%2F2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFOnline" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Online, Catholic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=336">"St. Athanasius – Saints & Angels"</a>. <i>Catholic Online</i> (in Engels).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Online&rft.atitle=St.+Athanasius+%E2%80%93+Saints+%26+Angels&rft.aulast=Online&rft.aufirst=Catholic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint.php%3Fsaint_id%3D336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oca-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oca_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oca_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oca.org/saints/lives/2014/05/02/101269-st-athanasius-the-great-the-patriarch-of-alexandria">"St. Athanasius the Great the Patriarch of Alexandria"</a>. <i>oca.org</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Maart</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oca.org&rft.atitle=St.+Athanasius+the+Great+the+Patriarch+of+Alexandria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2014%2F05%2F02%2F101269-st-athanasius-the-great-the-patriarch-of-alexandria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clifford1907-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-0">10,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-1">10,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-2">10,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-3">10,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-4">10,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-5">10,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-6">10,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-7">10,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-8">10,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-9">10,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1907_10-10">10,10</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford, Cornelius (1907). "St. Athanasius". In Herbermann, Charles (red.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_2001-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_2001_11-2">11,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes,_Timothy_David2001" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Timothy David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TimothyD.BarnesAthanasiusAndConstantius1993HarvardUniversity"><i>Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TimothyD.BarnesAthanasiusAndConstantius1993HarvardUniversity/page/n34">13</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius+and+Constantius%3A+Theology+and+Politics+in+the+Constantinian+Empire&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Timothy+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTimothyD.BarnesAthanasiusAndConstantius1993HarvardUniversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9026215/Coptic-literature">Coptic literature</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.title=Coptic+literature&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9026215%2FCoptic-literature&rft.source=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clifford1930-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-1">13,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-2">13,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-3">13,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-4">13,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford1930_13-5">13,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford, Cornelius, <i>Catholic Encyclopedia 1930</i>, Volume 2, pp. 35–40 "Athanasius".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, Hist. Eccl., VI, xix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-1">15,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-2">15,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-3">15,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-4">15,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-5">15,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-6">15,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EA_15-7">15,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia Americana</i>, vol. 2 Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated, 1997. <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7172-0129-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-7172-0129-5">ISBN 0-7172-0129-5</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-0">16,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-1">16,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-2">16,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-3">16,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-4">16,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-5">16,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-6">16,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-7">16,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-8">16,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EB2_16-9">16,09</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Hardy, Edward R. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Athanasius">Saint Athanasius</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. </cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.type=encyclopediaArticle&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.title=Saint+Athanasius&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Athanasius&rft.source=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica"> </span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-1">17,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-2">17,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-3">17,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-4">17,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-5">17,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-6">17,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_17-7">17,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Gilmartin, <i>Manual of Church History</i>, Vol. 1. Ch XVII, 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kannengiesser, Charles, "Alexander and Arius of Alexandria: The last Ante-Nicene theologians", Miscelanea En Homenaje Al P. Antonio Orbe Compostellanum Vol. XXXV, no. 1–2. (Santiago de Compostela, 1990), 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Rowan, Arius: Heresy and Tradition (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1987), 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams 154–155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander of Alexandria's Catholic Epistle</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1919" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, F. A. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27707/pg27707.html"><i>Saint Athanasius: The Father of Orthodoxy</i></a>. Standard-bearers of the Faith: A Series of Lives of the Saints for Young and Old. London: R. & T. Washbourne, Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Athanasius%3A+The+Father+of+Orthodoxy&rft.place=London&rft.series=Standard-bearers+of+the+Faith%3A+A+Series+of+Lives+of+the+Saints+for+Young+and+Old&rft.pub=R.+%26+T.+Washbourne%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=F.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcache%2Fepub%2F27707%2Fpg27707.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler1860-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Butler1860_24-0">24,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Butler1860_24-1">24,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Butler1860_24-2">24,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFButler1894" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Alban (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesofsaintswit00butl/page/164/mode/2up"><i>Lives of the Saints</i></a>. Benziger Bros., Inc. pp. 164–165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Saints&rft.pages=164-165&rft.pub=Benziger+Bros.%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesofsaintswit00butl%2Fpage%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christianity,_Daily_Telegraph_1999-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Christianity,_Daily_Telegraph_1999_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christianity, <i>Daily Telegraph</i> 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ott, Michael (1911). "St. Maximinus". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clifford19072-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-1">27,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clifford19072_27-2">27,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clifford, Cornelius (1907). "St. Athanasius". In Herbermann, Charles (red.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_William_R.2007" class="citation book cs1">Clark, William R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6_VJAwAAQBAJ&q=339+or+340&pg=RA1-PA47"><i>A History of the Councils of the Church: from the Original Documents, to the close of the Second Council of Nicaea A.D. 787</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781556352478" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781556352478"><bdi>9781556352478</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Councils+of+the+Church%3A+from+the+Original+Documents%2C+to+the+close+of+the+Second+Council+of+Nicaea+A.D.+787&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781556352478&rft.au=Clark%2C+William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6_VJAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D339%2Bor%2B340%26pg%3DRA1-PA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Leo_Donald1983" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Leo Donald (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fMhzlnY0P0QC&q=340+Julius+called&pg=PA82"><i>The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology</i></a>. Liturgical Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780814656167" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780814656167"><bdi>9780814656167</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Seven+Ecumenical+Councils+%28325%E2%80%93787%29%3A+Their+History+and+Theology&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780814656167&rft.au=Davis%2C+Leo+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfMhzlnY0P0QC%26q%3D340%2BJulius%2Bcalled%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMilman1881" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Milman, Henry Hart (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OYAZAAAAYAAJ&dq=athanasius+Arsenius+severed+hand&pg=PA382"><i>The History of Christianity, from the Birth of Christ to the Abolition of Paganism in the Roman Empire</i></a> (in Engels). T. Y. Crowell. p. 382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Christianity%2C+from+the+Birth+of+Christ+to+the+Abolition+of+Paganism+in+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=T.+Y.+Crowell&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Milman&rft.aufirst=Henry+Hart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOYAZAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dathanasius%2BArsenius%2Bsevered%2Bhand%26pg%3DPA382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1878-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB1878_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/a/athanasius">"St. Athanasius – Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>www.ccel.org</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Maart</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ccel.org&rft.atitle=St.+Athanasius+%E2%80%93+Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fa%2Fathanasius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, Timothy David, <i>Athanasius and Constantius</i>, Harvard 2001, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbermann, Charles, red. (1913). "Councils of Alexandria". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Justo L. Gonzalez in <i>A History of Christian Thought</i> notes (p. 292) that E. Schwartz places this work later, around 335, but "his arguments have not been generally accepted". The introduction to the CSMV translation of <i>On the Incarnation</i> places the work in 318, around the time Athanasius was ordained to the diaconate (<i>St Athanasius On the Incarnation</i>, Mowbray, England 1953)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2802.htm">"Church Fathers: On the Incarnation of the Word (Athanasius)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Julie</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=Church+Fathers%3A+On+the+Incarnation+of+the+Word+%28Athanasius%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2802.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-92.htm">"fragment wat vermoedelik tot 'n feestelike brief behoort"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=fragment+wat+vermoedelik+tot+%27n+feestelike+brief+behoort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers2%2FNPNF2-04%2FNpnf2-04-92.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/vita-antony.asp">"Athanasius of Alexandria: Vita S. Antoni [Life of St. Antony] (written bwtween 356 and 362)"</a>. Fordham University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Julie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athanasius+of+Alexandria%3A+Vita+S.+Antoni+%5BLife+of+St.+Antony%5D+%28written+bwtween+356+and+362%29&rft.pub=Fordham+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Fvita-antony.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/theologians/athanasius.html">"Athanasius"</a>. <i>Christian History</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Maart</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+History&rft.atitle=Athanasius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fch%2F131christians%2Ftheologians%2Fathanasius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="Reflist" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Steven J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2678&context=doctoral"><i>The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character</i></a>. Lynchburg, Virginia: Rawlings School of Divinity. pp. 77–90<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Mei</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Importance+of+Athanasius+and+the+Views+of+His+Character&rft.place=Lynchburg%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=77-90&rft.pub=Rawlings+School+of+Divinity&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2678%26context%3Ddoctoral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFroom1950393-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFroom1950393_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFroom1950">Froom 1950</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220124827/http://metroplit-bishoy.org/files/Dialogues/Catholics/ICTD.doc">"Metropolitan Bishoy of Damiette"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metroplit-bishoy.org/files/Dialogues/Catholics/ICTD.doc">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Februarie 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Bishoy+of+Damiette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetroplit-bishoy.org%2Ffiles%2FDialogues%2FCatholics%2FICTD.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625064046/http://www.avarewase.org/en/map/athanas.htm">"Saint Athanasius"</a>. Avarewase.org. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avarewase.org/en/map/athanas.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 25 Junie 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Athanasius&rft.pub=Avarewase.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avarewase.org%2Fen%2Fmap%2Fathanas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/05/incorrupt-relics-of-saint-athanasios.html">"The Incorrupt Relics of Saint Athanasios the Great"</a>. Johnsanidopoulos.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">2 Mei</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Incorrupt+Relics+of+Saint+Athanasios+the+Great&rft.pub=Johnsanidopoulos.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnsanidopoulos.com%2F2010%2F05%2Fincorrupt-relics-of-saint-athanasios.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRAVOSLAVIE-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PRAVOSLAVIE_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthochristian.com/calendar/20180118.html">January 18/January 31</a>. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">27 Maart</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&rft.atitle=The+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3e7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a> (in Engels). Church Publishing, Inc. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-64065-234-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-64065-234-7"><bdi>978-1-64065-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-234-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3e7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sspx.org/en/letter-st-athanasius">"Letter of St. Athanasius"</a>. <i>Society of Saint Pius X</i> (in Engels). 5 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Mei</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Society+of+Saint+Pius+X&rft.atitle=Letter+of+St.+Athanasius&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsspx.org%2Fen%2Fletter-st-athanasius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thiede-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Thiede_48-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Thiede_48-1">48,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/1990/issue28/2812.html">"367 Athanasius Defines the New Testament"</a>. <i>Christian History</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">14 Maart</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+History&rft.atitle=367+Athanasius+Defines+the+New+Testament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fch%2F1990%2Fissue28%2F2812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gwynn-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gwynn_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn2012" class="citation book cs1">Gwynn, David M. (16 Februarie 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VaLW95rdeQoC&dq=Athanasius+of+Alexandria+++the+new+testament+canon&pg=PA152"><i>Athanasius of Alexandria: Bishop, Theologian, Ascetic, Father</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19-921095-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-19-921095-4"><bdi>978-0-19-921095-4</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius+of+Alexandria%3A+Bishop%2C+Theologian%2C+Ascetic%2C+Father&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft.isbn=978-0-19-921095-4&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVaLW95rdeQoC%26dq%3DAthanasius%2Bof%2BAlexandria%2B%2B%2Bthe%2Bnew%2Btestament%2Bcanon%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robt-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Robt_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBediakoQuarshieAsamoah-Gyadu2015" class="citation book cs1">Bediako, Gillian Mary; Quarshie, Bernhardt; Asamoah-Gyadu, J. Kwabena (14 Januarie 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEloBgAAQBAJ&dq=Athanasius+of+Alexandria+++the+new+testament+canon&pg=PA280"><i>Seeing New Facets of the Diamond: Christianity as a Universal Faith - Essays in Honor of Kwame Bediako</i></a>. Wipf & Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781498217293" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781498217293"><bdi>9781498217293</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+New+Facets+of+the+Diamond%3A+Christianity+as+a+Universal+Faith+-+Essays+in+Honor+of+Kwame+Bediako&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.isbn=9781498217293&rft.aulast=Bediako&rft.aufirst=Gillian+Mary&rft.au=Quarshie%2C+Bernhardt&rft.au=Asamoah-Gyadu%2C+J.+Kwabena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcEloBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAthanasius%2Bof%2BAlexandria%2B%2B%2Bthe%2Bnew%2Btestament%2Bcanon%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Von Dehsen, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cU7cAAAAQBAJ&dq=Athanasius+of+Alexandria+%2B+the+new+testament+canon&pg=PA15">"St. Athanasius"</a>, <i>Philosophers and Religious Leaders</i>, Routledge, 2013 <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781135951023" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781135951023">ISBN 9781135951023</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robt2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Robt2_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBediakoQuarshieAsamoah-Gyadu2015" class="citation book cs1">Bediako, Gillian Mary; Quarshie, Bernhardt; Asamoah-Gyadu, J. Kwabena (14 Januarie 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cEloBgAAQBAJ&dq=Athanasius+of+Alexandria+++the+new+testament+canon&pg=PA280"><i>Seeing New Facets of the Diamond: Christianity as a Universal Faith - Essays in Honor of Kwame Bediako</i></a>. Wipf & Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781498217293" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781498217293"><bdi>9781498217293</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+New+Facets+of+the+Diamond%3A+Christianity+as+a+Universal+Faith+-+Essays+in+Honor+of+Kwame+Bediako&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.isbn=9781498217293&rft.aulast=Bediako&rft.aufirst=Gillian+Mary&rft.au=Quarshie%2C+Bernhardt&rft.au=Asamoah-Gyadu%2C+J.+Kwabena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcEloBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DAthanasius%2Bof%2BAlexandria%2B%2B%2Bthe%2Bnew%2Btestament%2Bcanon%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf204.xxv.iii.iii.xxv.html">"Excerpt from Letter 39"</a>. Ccel.org. 13 Julie 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excerpt+from+Letter+39&rft.pub=Ccel.org&rft.date=2005-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf204.xxv.iii.iii.xxv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Introduction to St. Athanasius on the Incarnation. Translated and edited by Sister Penelope Lawson, published by Mowbray 1944. p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortescue1907-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fortescue1907_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fortescue, Adrian, Catholic Encyclopedia 1907, Volume 6, pp. 662–663 "Gospel"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pope_Benedict_XV-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pope_Benedict_XV_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope Benedict XV, Missale Romanum, IX Additions & Variations of the Rubrics of The Missal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jungmann-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jungmann_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: Jungmann, El Sacrificio de la Misa, No. 659, 660</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wxdxek-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wxdxek_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, Timothy D., <i>Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire</i> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993), 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSir_Isaac_Newton" class="citation web cs1">Sir Isaac Newton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newtonproject.ox.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/THEM00010">"Paradoxical Questions Concerning the Morals and Actions of Athanasius and His Followers"</a>. <i>The Newton Project</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Newton+Project&rft.atitle=Paradoxical+Questions+Concerning+the+Morals+and+Actions+of+Athanasius+and+His+Followers&rft.au=Sir+Isaac+Newton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtonproject.ox.ac.uk%2Fview%2Ftexts%2Fnormalized%2FTHEM00010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, Timothy D., <i>Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire</i> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993), 14, 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes "Athanasius and Constantius", 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haas, Christopher, "The Arians of Alexandria", Vigiliae Christianae Vol. 47, no. 3 (1993), 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick, Henry, "Faith and Order at the Council of Nicaea", <i>Harvard Theological Review</i> LIII (Cambridge Mass: 1960), 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kannengiesser "Alexander and Arius", 403</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kannengiesser, "Athanasius of Alexandria vs. Arius: The Alexandrian Crisis", in The Roots of Egyptian Christianity (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity), ed. Birger A. Pearson and James E. Goehring (1986), 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubinstein, Richard, <i>When Jesus Became God, The Struggle to Define Christianity during the Last Days of Rome</i>, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubenstein, Richard E., <i>When Jesus Became God: The Epic Fight over Christ's Divinity in the Last Days of Rome</i> (New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1999), 105–106</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasius_die_Grote&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexander of Alexandria, "Catholic Epistle", <i>The Ecole Initiative</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216133107/http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/alex1.htm">ecole.evansville.edu</a></li> <li>Anatolios, Khaled, <i>Athanasius: The Coherence of His Thought</i> (New York: Routledge, 1998).</li> <li>Arnold, Duane W.-H., <i>The Early Episcopal Career of Athanasius of Alexandria</i> (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame, 1991).</li> <li>Arius, "Arius's letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia", <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, ed. Theodoret. Ser. 2, Vol. 3, 41, <i>The Ecole Initiative</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216133117/http://ecole.evansville.edu/arians/arius1.htm">ecole.evansville.edu</a></li> <li>Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Saints</i>. 3rd edition. (New York: Penguin, 1993). <span class="ISBN" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-14-051312-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-14-051312-4">ISBN 0-14-051312-4</a></span>.</li> <li>Barnes, Timothy D., <i>Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire</i> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993).</li> <li>Barnes, Timothy D., <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1981)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBouter2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bouter, P.F. (2010). <i>Athanasius</i> (in Nederlands). Kampen: Kok.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius&rft.place=Kampen&rft.pub=Kok&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bouter&rft.aufirst=P.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brakke, David. <i>Athanasius and the Politics of Asceticism</i> (1995)</li> <li>Clifford, Cornelius, "Athanasius", <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> Vol. 2 (1907), 35–40</li> <li>Chadwick, Henry, "Faith and Order at the Council of Nicaea", <i>Harvard Theological Review</i> LIII (Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press, 1960), 171–195.</li> <li>Ernest, James D., <i>The Bible in Athanasius of Alexandria</i> (Leiden: Brill, 2004).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFroom1950" class="citation book cs1">Froom, Le Roy Edwin (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.adventistarchives.org/Books/PFOF1950-V01.pdf"><i>The prophetic faith of our fathers : the historical development of prophetic interpretation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780828024563" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780828024563"><bdi>9780828024563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+prophetic+faith+of+our+fathers+%3A+the+historical+development+of+prophetic+interpretation&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Review+and+Herald&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=9780828024563&rft.aulast=Froom&rft.aufirst=Le+Roy+Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.adventistarchives.org%2FBooks%2FPFOF1950-V01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Freeman, Charles, <i>The Closing of the Western Mind: The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason</i> (Alfred A. Knopf, 2003).</li> <li>Haas, Christopher. "The Arians of Alexandria", <i>Vigiliae Christianae</i> Vol. 47, no. 3 (1993), 234–245.</li> <li>Hanson, R.P.C., <i>The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318–381</i> (T.&T. Clark, 1988).</li> <li>Kannengiesser, Charles, "Alexander and Arius of Alexandria: The last Ante-Nicene theologians", <i>Miscelanea En Homenaje Al P. Antonio Orbe Compostellanum</i> Vol. XXXV, no. 1–2. (Santiago de Compostela, 1990), 391–403.</li> <li>Kannengiesser, Charles "Athanasius of Alexandria vs. Arius: The Alexandrian Crisis", in <i>The Roots of Egyptian Christianity (Studies in Antiquity and Christianity)</i>, ed. Birger A. Pearson and James E. Goehring (1986), 204–215.</li> <li>Ng, Nathan K. K., <i>The Spirituality of Athanasius</i> (1991).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPettersen1995" class="citation book cs1">Pettersen, Alvyn (1995). <i>Athanasius</i>. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Morehouse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athanasius&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Morehouse&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pettersen&rft.aufirst=Alvyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAthanasius+die+Grote" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rubenstein, Richard E., <i>When Jesus Became God: The Epic Fight over Christ's Divinity in the Last Days of Rome</i> (New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1999).</li> <li>Williams, Rowan, <i>Arius: Heresy and Tradition</i> (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1987).</li></ul> <p><b>Tydlyn van Patriarge tydens die Ariaanse konflik</b></p><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_mm5oi2skiomv5wz5d66gtpu5mn3q31e"></map><img usemap="#timeline_mm5oi2skiomv5wz5d66gtpu5mn3q31e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/timeline/mm5oi2skiomv5wz5d66gtpu5mn3q31e.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;">Religieuse titels </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Voorafgegaan deur<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pous_Aleksander_I_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Pous Aleksander I van Alexandrië">Aleksander I</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan=""><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_patriarge_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Lys van patriarge van Alexandrië">Patriarg van Alexandrië</a></b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2715140"><div class="plainlist">328–339; 346–373 </div> </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="">Opgevolg deur<br /><b><div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorius_van_Kappadosi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorius van Kappadosië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gregorius (teenpatriarg)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgius_van_Laodisea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgius van Laodisea (bladsy bestaan nie)">Georgius (teenpatriarg)</a></li><li>Pistos (teenpatriarg)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pous_Lucius_van_Alexandri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pous Lucius van Alexandrië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lucius (teenpatriarg)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pous_Petrus_II_van_Alexandri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pous Petrus II van Alexandrië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Petrus II</a></li></ul></div></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44024&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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