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Usunobun Olanipekun</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Application of Envelope Spectrum Analysis and Spectral Kurtosis to Diagnose Debris Fault in Bearing Using Acoustic Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee">Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun"> Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Debris fault diagnosis based on acoustic signals in rolling element bearing running at low speed and high radial loads are more of low amplitudes, particularly in the case of debris faults whose signals necessitate high sensitivity analyses. As the rollers in the bearing roll over debris trapped in grease used to lubricate the bearings, the envelope signal created by amplitude demodulation carries additional diagnostic information that is not available through ordinary spectrum analysis of the raw signal. The kurtosis value obtained for three different scenarios (debris induced, outer crack induced, and a normal good bearing) couldn't be used to easily identify whether the used bearings were defective or not. It was established in this work that the envelope spectrum analysis detected the fault signature and its harmonics induced in the debris bearings when bandpass filtering of the raw signal with the frequency band specified by kurtogram and spectral kurtosis was made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20bearings" title="rolling bearings">rolling bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20element%20bearing%20noise" title=" rolling element bearing noise"> rolling element bearing noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandpass%20filtering" title=" bandpass filtering"> bandpass filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" envelope spectrum analysis"> envelope spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20kurtosis" title=" spectral kurtosis"> spectral kurtosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008/application-of-envelope-spectrum-analysis-and-spectral-kurtosis-to-diagnose-debris-fault-in-bearing-using-acoustic-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Use of Correlation Difference for the Prediction of Leakage in Pipeline Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun">Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee"> Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anomalies such as water pipeline and hydraulic or petrochemical pipeline network leakages and bursts have significant implications for economic conditions and the environment. In order to ensure pipeline systems are reliable, they must be efficiently controlled. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become a powerful network with critical infrastructure monitoring systems for water, oil and gas pipelines. The loss of water, oil and gas is inevitable and is strongly linked to financial costs and environmental problems, and its avoidance often leads to saving of economic resources. Substantial repair costs and the loss of precious natural resources are part of the financial impact of leaking pipes. Pipeline systems experts have implemented various methodologies in recent decades to identify and locate leakages in water, oil and gas supply networks. These methodologies include, among others, the use of acoustic sensors, measurements, abrupt statistical analysis etc. The issue of leak quantification is to estimate, given some observations about that network, the size and location of one or more leaks in a water pipeline network. In detecting background leakage, however, there is a greater uncertainty in using these methodologies since their output is not so reliable. In this work, we are presenting a scalable concept and simulation where a pressure-driven model (PDM) was used to determine water pipeline leakage in a system network. These pressure data were collected with the use of acoustic sensors located at various node points after a predetermined distance apart. We were able to determine with the use of correlation difference to determine the leakage point locally introduced at a predetermined point between two consecutive nodes, causing a substantial pressure difference between in a pipeline network. After de-noising the signal from the sensors at the nodes, we successfully obtained the exact point where we introduced the local leakage using the correlation difference model we developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20detection" title="leakage detection">leakage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20signals" title=" acoustic signals"> acoustic signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20network" title=" pipeline network"> pipeline network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks%20%28WSNs%29" title=" wireless sensor networks (WSNs)"> wireless sensor networks (WSNs)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959/the-use-of-correlation-difference-for-the-prediction-of-leakage-in-pipeline-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Pre-Service EFL Teachers' Perceptions of Written Corrective Feedback in a Wiki-Based Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Ortiz">Mabel Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20D%C3%ADaz"> Claudio Díaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores Chilean pre-service teachers' perceptions about the provision of corrective feedback in a wiki environment during the collaborative writing of an argumentative essay. After conducting a semi-structured interview on 22 participants, the data were processed through the content analysis technique. The results show that students have positive perceptions about corrective feedback, provided through a wiki virtual environment, which in turn facilitates feedback provision and impacts language learning effectively. Some of the positive perceptions about virtual feedback refer to permanent access, efficiency, simultaneous revision and immediacy. It would then be advisable to integrate wiki-based feedback as a methodology for the language classroom and collaborative writing tasks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentative%20essay" title="argumentative essay">argumentative essay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focused%20corrective%20feedback" title=" focused corrective feedback"> focused corrective feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wiki%20environment" title=" wiki environment"> wiki environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59910/pre-service-efl-teachers-perceptions-of-written-corrective-feedback-in-a-wiki-based-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Corporate Governance and Firms` Performance: Evidence from Quoted Firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunwole%20Cecilia%20Oluwakemi">Ogunwole Cecilia Oluwakemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahid%20Damilola%20Olanipekun"> Wahid Damilola Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omoyele%20Olufemi%20Samuel"> Omoyele Olufemi Samuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Ayomitunde%20Aderemi"> Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issues relating to corporate governance in both locally and internationally managed firms cannot be overemphasized because the lack of efficient corporate governance could orchestrate serious problems in any organization. Against this backdrop, this study examines the nexus between corporate governance and performance of firms from 2012 to 2020, using the case study of the Nigerian stock exchange. Consequently, data was collected from forty (40) listed firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study employed a fixed effect technique of estimation to address the objective of the study. It was discovered from the study that the influence of corporate governance components such as gender diversity, board independence and managerial ownership led to a significant positive impact on the performance of the firms under the investigation. In view of the above finding, this study makes the following recommendations for the policymakers in Nigeria that anytime the goal of the policymakers is the improvement of performance of the listed firms in the Nigerian stock exchange, board independence and a balance in the inclusion of male and female among the board of directors should be encouraged in these firms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate" title="corporate">corporate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firms" title=" firms"> firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock" title=" stock"> stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange" title=" exchange"> exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199/corporate-governance-and-firms-performance-evidence-from-quoted-firms-on-the-nigerian-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Quality Attributes of Pigeon Pea Used in Bread Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20F.%20Olanipekun">B. F. Olanipekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20Oyelade"> O. J. Oyelade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20O.%20Osemobor"> C. O. Osemobor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pigeon pea is a very good source of protein and micronutrient, but it is being underutilized in Nigeria because of several constraints. This research considered the effect of different processing methods on the quality attributes of pigeon pea used in bread production towards enhancing its utility. Pigeon pea was obtained at a local market and processed into the flour using three processing methods: soaking, sprouting and roasting and were used to bake bread in different proportions. Chemical composition and sensory attributes of the breads were thereafter determined. The highest values of protein and ash contents were obtained from 20 % substitution of sprouted pigeon pea in wheat flour and may be attributable to complex biochemical changes occurring during hydration, to invariably lead to protein constituent being broken down. Hydrolytic activities of the enzymes from the sprouted sample resulted in improvement in the constituent of total protein probably due to reduction in the carbohydrate content. Sensory qualities analyses showed that bread produced with soaked and roasted pigeon pea flours at 5 and 10% inclusion, respectively were mostly accepted than other blends, and products with sprouted pigeon pea flour were least accepted. The findings of this research suggest that supplementing wheat flour with sprouted pigeon peas have more nutritional potentials. However, with sensory analysis indices, the soaked and roasted pigeon peas up to 10% are majorly accepted, and also can improve the nutritional status. Overall, this will be very beneficial to population dependent on plant protein in order to combat malnutrition problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigeon%20pea" title="pigeon pea">pigeon pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malnutrition" title=" malnutrition"> malnutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72199/effect-of-different-processing-methods-on-the-quality-attributes-of-pigeon-pea-used-in-bread-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Meat Potential Indicators of Red Sokoto, Sahel and West African Dwarf Goat Based on Morphometrical Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozioma%20Beauty%20Nwaodu">Ozioma Beauty Nwaodu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebowale%20E%20Salako"> Adebowale E Salako</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omolara%20Mabel%20Akinyemi"> Omolara Mabel Akinyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nkechi%20Uche"> Nkechi Uche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isuama%20Isu"> Isuama Isu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uchechi%20Jane%20Elechi"> Uchechi Jane Elechi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Goats form an integral part of livestock production in the tropics. Meat potential is determined subjectively by resource poor livestock keepers, using hand to measure the rump width (RW). Objective evaluation of meat potential in different breads of goats can overcome problems associated with subjective evaluation. Hence, the objectives were to predict meatiness in Red Sokoto (RS), Sahel and the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats, using product of the body length (BL), wither height (WH) and (RW) and to indicate the inherent size of each breed, using WH: BL ratio. These three parameters were used because they are less environmentally sensitive. A total of 2849 goats were sampled purposefully from the Akinyele and Oranyan markets in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. RS showed no significant difference for BL and WH but different from the RW of both sexes (p < 0.01). Similarly WAD showed no significant difference for the BL and WH, but differed (p < 0.01) between sexes for RW. Using the ANOVA, BL:WH ratio showed no significant difference between the breeds. WAD goats have the highest mean for BL:WH ratio. Western meat livestock is primarily identified using BL:WH. The combinations of these body parameters as indicator for meat type in meat animals showed that WAD goat has more potential to lay down meat, than RS and Sahel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative" title="quantitative">quantitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphologial%20traits" title=" morphologial traits"> morphologial traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20analysis" title=" descriptive analysis"> descriptive analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goats" title=" goats"> goats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97507/meat-potential-indicators-of-red-sokoto-sahel-and-west-african-dwarf-goat-based-on-morphometrical-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Mauritian Adolescents: Analysis of 2017 WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyanujesu%20Adereti">Iyanujesu Adereti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tajudeen%20Basiru"> Tajudeen Basiru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodamola%20Olanipekun"> Ayodamola Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Substance abuse among adolescents is of public health concern globally. Despite being the most abused by adolescents, there are limited studies on the prevalence of alcohol use and cigarette smoking among adolescents in Mauritius. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and associated correlates among school-going adolescents in Mauritius. Methodology: Data obtained from 2017 WHO Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) survey of 3,012 school-going adolescents in Mauritius was analyzed using STATA. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Results: Prevalence of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking were 26.0% and 17.1%, respectively. Smoking and alcohol use was more prevalent among males, younger adolescents, and those in higher school grades (p-value <.000). In multivariable logistic regression, male gender was associated with a higher risk of cigarette smoking (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) [95%Confidence Interval (CI)]= 1.51[1.06-2.14]) but lower risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 0.69[0.53-0.90]) while older age (mid and late adolescence) and parental smoking were found to be associated with increased risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 1.94[1.34-2.99] and 1.36[1.05-1.78] respectively). Marijuana use, truancy, being in a fight and suicide ideation were associated with increased odds of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 3.82[3.39-6.09]; 2.15[1.62-2.87]; 1.83[1.34-2.49] and 1.93[1.38-2.69] respectively) and cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 17.28[10.4 - 28.51]; 1.73[1.21-2. 49]; 1.67[1.14-2.45] and 2.17[1.43-3.28] respectively) while involvement in sexual activity was associated with reduced risk of alcohol use (aOR[95%CI]= 0.50[0.37-0.68]) and cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 0.47[0.33-0.69]). Parental support and parental monitoring were uniquely associated with lower risk of cigarette smoking (aOR[95%CI]= 0.69[0.47-0.99] and 0.62[0.43-0.91] respectively). Conclusion: The high prevalence of alcohol use and cigarette smoking in this study shows the need for the government of Mauritius to enhance policies that will help address this issue putting into accounts the various risk and protective factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20health" title="adolescent health">adolescent health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20use" title=" alcohol use"> alcohol use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cigarette%20smoking" title=" cigarette smoking"> cigarette smoking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20school-based%20student%20health%20survey" title=" global school-based student health survey"> global school-based student health survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135757/cigarette-smoking-and-alcohol-use-among-mauritian-adolescents-analysis-of-2017-who-global-school-based-student-health-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Unpacking Chilean Preservice Teachers’ Beliefs on Practicum Experiences through Digital Stories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudio%20D%C3%ADaz">Claudio Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Ortiz"> Mabel Ortiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An EFL teacher education programme in Chile takes five years to train a future teacher of English. Preservice teachers are prepared to learn an advanced level of English and teach the language from 5th to 12th grade in the Chilean educational system. In the context of their first EFL Methodology course in year four, preservice teachers have to create a five-minute digital story that starts from a critical incident they have experienced as teachers-to-be during their observations or interventions in the schools. A critical incident can be defined as a happening, a specific incident or event either observed by them or involving them. The happening sparks their thinking and may make them subsequently think differently about the particular event. When they create their digital stories, preservice teachers put technology, teaching practice and theory together to narrate a story that is complemented by still images, moving images, text, sound effects and music. The story should be told as a personal narrative, which explains the critical incident. This presentation will focus on the creation process of 50 Chilean preservice teachers’ digital stories highlighting the critical incidents they started their stories. It will also unpack preservice teachers’ beliefs and reflections when approaching their teaching practices in schools. These beliefs will be coded and categorized through content analysis to evidence preservice teachers’ most rooted conceptions about English teaching and learning in Chilean schools. The findings seem to indicate that preservice teachers’ beliefs are strongly mediated by contextual and affective factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title="beliefs">beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20stories" title=" digital stories"> digital stories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservice%20teachers" title=" preservice teachers"> preservice teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practicum" title=" practicum"> practicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60066/unpacking-chilean-preservice-teachers-beliefs-on-practicum-experiences-through-digital-stories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Effect of Pretreatment and Drying Method on Selected Quality Parameters of Dried Bell Pepper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toyosi%20Yewande%20Tunde-Akintunde">Toyosi Yewande Tunde-Akintunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20Oluwatoyin%20Ogunlakin"> Grace Oluwatoyin Ogunlakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosede%20Folake%20Olanipekun"> Bosede Folake Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peppers are excellent sources of nutrients but its high moisture content makes it susceptible to spoilage. Drying, a common processing method, results in a reduction of these nutrients in the final product. Pre-treatment of pepper before drying can be used to reduce the level of degradation of nutrients. Thus this study investigated the effect of pre-treatment (hot water blanching and soaking in brine-sodium chloride) and drying methods (oven, microwave and sun) on selected quality parameters (proximate composition, capsaicin, reducing sugar and phenolic content, pH, total solid (TS), Titratable acidity (TA), water absorption capacity (WAC) and colour) of pepper. The protein and moisture content value ranged from 9.09 to 10.23% and 5.63 to 8.48% respectively. Sun dried samples had the highest value while oven dried samples had the lowest. Brine treated samples had higher protein but lower moisture content than blanched samples. Capsaicin, reducing sugar and phenolic content values ranged from 0.68 to 0.87 mg/dm3; 3.18 to 3.79 µg/ml; and 40.67 to 84.01 mg GAE/100 g d.m respectively. The sun dried samples had higher values while the lowest values were from microwave dried samples. The brine treated samples had higher values in capsaicin while the blanched samples had higher reducing sugar and phenolic contents. The values of L, a* and b* for the dried pepper varied from 58.76 to 63.13; 7.09 to 7.34; and 11.79 to 12.36 respectively. Oven dried samples had the lowest values for a*, while its L values were the highest. The L and a* values for brine treated samples were higher than blanched samples. The pre-treatment and drying method considered resulted in different values of the quality parameters considered which indicates that drying and pre-treatment has an effect on the quality of the final dried pepper samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bell%20pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20drying" title=" microwave drying"> microwave drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oven%20drying" title=" oven drying"> oven drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20drying" title=" sun drying"> sun drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28237/effect-of-pretreatment-and-drying-method-on-selected-quality-parameters-of-dried-bell-pepper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Profile of Serological Response of Equids Naturally Infected with Burkholderia mallei</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iahtasham%20Khan">Iahtasham Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vania%20Lucia%20De%20Assis%20Santana"> Vania Lucia De Assis Santana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcilia%20Maria%20Alves%20De%20Souza"> Marcilia Maria Alves De Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Hanna%20%20Vance%20Harrop"> Mabel Hanna Vance Harrop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Leandro%20Dos%20Santos"> Fernando Leandro Dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cec%C3%ADlia%20Maria%20Souza%20Le%C3%A3o%20E.%20Silva"> Cecília Maria Souza Leão E. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Paulo%20Silveira"> Pedro Paulo Silveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Brasil"> Marcelo Brasil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcus%20Vin%C3%ADcius"> Marcus Vinícius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9lio%20Cordeiro%20Manso%20Filho"> Hélio Cordeiro Manso Filho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus"> Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan"> Aman Ullah Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glanders ranks high on clinical lists in some regions of Brazil as a cause of respiratory and lymphatic disease in equids. Glanders is caused by Burkolderia mallei (B. mallei) Gram-negative bacterium. B. mallei was first biological agent used in World War I in 20th century. The complement fixation test (CFT) is a serodiagnostic tool prescribed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)for the diagnosis of glanders in the international trade of equids. The aim of the present study was to monitor the serological responses in equines naturally infected with B. mallei using the CFT. A total of 574 equids were tested with CFT, 30 days apart in a total of 12 samplings. One hundred thirty-four sera tested negative in all samplings; 192 sera tested positive in one sampling and 125 sera tested positive in two or more samplings. Remaining 123 samples showed uncertain results. Thus, CFT results can vary over a period of time. These variations could be the consequence of the effects of the natural immune response in each animal. The findings of the present study demonstrate difficulties regarding the simultaneous implementation of CFT and test and slaughter policies to eradicate glanders. Another constraint to control this disease is the presence of carrier/transitory CFT-negative animals, which are a potential source of disease in glanders-free areas. Serodiagnostic tests of higher sensitivity and specificity like immunobloat should be implemented to achieve success in the eradication of glanders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glanders" title="glanders">glanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equids" title=" equids"> equids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horses" title=" horses"> horses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological" title=" immunological"> immunological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mules" title=" mules"> mules</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68969/profile-of-serological-response-of-equids-naturally-infected-with-burkholderia-mallei" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Influencing Factors of School Enterprise Cooperation: An Exploratory Study in Chinese Vocational Nursing Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Chen">Xiao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Ho"> Alice Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Tie"> Mabel Tie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoheng%20Xu"> Xiaoheng Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Significance of the Study: School-enterprise cooperation has been the cornerstone of vocational education in China and many other countries. Researchers and policymakers have paid much attention to ensuring the implementation and improving the quality of school-enterprise cooperation. However, many problems still exist on the implementation level of the cooperation. On the one hand, the enterprises lack the motivation to participate in the cooperation. On the other hand, there is a lack of effective guidance and management during the cooperation. Furthermore, the current literature focuses greatly on policy recommendations on the national level while failing to provide a detailed practical understanding of how school-enterprise cooperation is carried out on the ground level. With emerging social problems, such as the aging population in China, there is an increasing need for diverse nursing services and better nursing quality. Methodology: To gain a deeper understanding of the influencing factors of the implementation of school-enterprise cooperation, this work conducted 37 exploratory interviews in four Chinese cities spanning first-tier to fourth-tier cities with hospital department directors, vocational school deans, nurses, and vocational students. Multiple critical policy documents that founded the current vocational education system in China were analyzed, along with the data collected from the interviews. Major Findings: Based on the policy and interview analyses, this work reveals a set of influencing factors for school-enterprise cooperation implementation. Findings from each region contribute to an overall model of influencing factors for implementing school-enterprise cooperation in vocational nursing education in China, which leads to practical insights for policy recommendation. The key influencing factors are found based on the policy, hospital, school, and social levels. Following practical policy recommendations were presented. Moving forward, further research on the implementation of school-enterprise cooperation in specific industries will become increasingly critical to improving the effectiveness of educational policies and the quality of vocational education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing" title="nursing">nursing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20recommendation" title=" policy recommendation"> policy recommendation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school-enterprise%20cooperation" title=" school-enterprise cooperation"> school-enterprise cooperation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20education" title=" vocational education"> vocational education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155184/influencing-factors-of-school-enterprise-cooperation-an-exploratory-study-in-chinese-vocational-nursing-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Assessing Acceptability and Preference of Printed Posters on COVID-19 Related Stigma: A Post-Test Study Among HIV-Focused Health Workers in Greater Accra Region of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20Fiave">Jerry Fiave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dacosta%20Aboagye"> Dacosta Aboagye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Ayisi-Addo"> Stephen Ayisi-Addo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Kissiwah%20Asafo"> Mabel Kissiwah Asafo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Osei-Sarpong"> Felix Osei-Sarpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebenezer%20Kye-Mensah"> Ebenezer Kye-Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renee%20Opare-Otoo"> Renee Opare-Otoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acceptability and preference of social and behaviour change (SBC) materials by target audiences is an important determinant of effective health communication outcomes. In Ghana, however, pre-test and post-test studies on acceptability and preference of specific SBC materials for specific audiences are rare. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the acceptability and preference of printed posters on COVID-19 related stigma as suitable SBC materials for health workers to influence behaviours that promote uptake of HIV-focused services. Methods: A total of 218 health workers who provide HIV-focused services were purposively sampled in 16 polyclinics where the posters were distributed in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Data was collected in March 2021 using an adapted self-administered questionnaire in Google forms deployed via WhatsApp to participants. The data were imported into SPSS version 27 where chi-square test and regression analyses were performed to establish association as well as strength of association between variables respectively. Results: A total of 142 participants (physicians, nurses, midwives, lab scientists, health promoters, diseases control officers) made up of 85(60%) females and 57(40%) males responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 65.14%. Only 88 (61.97%) of the respondents were exposed to the posters. The majority of those exposed said the posters were informative [82(93.18%)], relevant [85(96.59%)] and attractive [83(94.32%)]. They [82(93.20%)] also rated the material as acceptable with no statistically significant association between category of health worker and acceptability of the posters (X =1.631, df=5, p=0.898). However, participants’ most preferred forms of material on COVID-19 related stigma were social media [38(26.76%)], television [33(23.24%)], SMS [19(13.38%)], and radio [18(12.70%)]. Clinical health workers were 4.88 times more likely to prefer online or electronic versions of SBC materials than nonclinical health workers [AOR= 4.88 (95% CI= 0.31-0.98), p=0.034]. Conclusions: Printed posters on COVID-19 related stigma are acceptable SBC materials in communicating behaviour change messages that target health workers in promoting uptake of HIV-focused services. Posters are however, not among the most preferred materials for health workers. It is therefore recommended that material assessment studies are conducted to inform the development of acceptable and preferred materials for target audiences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptability" title="acceptability">acceptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIDS" title=" AIDS"> AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posters" title=" posters"> posters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SBC" title=" SBC"> SBC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20and%20behaviour%20change%20communication" title=" social and behaviour change communication"> social and behaviour change communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164104/assessing-acceptability-and-preference-of-printed-posters-on-covid-19-related-stigma-a-post-test-study-among-hiv-focused-health-workers-in-greater-accra-region-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Contributory Antioxidant Role of Testosterone and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Males Exposed to Mixed Chemicals in an Automobile Repair Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saheed%20A.%20Adekola">Saheed A. Adekola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20A.%20Charles-Davies"> Mabel A. Charles-Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridwan%20A.%20Adekola"> Ridwan A. Adekola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Testosterone is a known androgenic and anabolic steroid, primarily secreted in the testes. It plays an important role in the development of testes and prostate and has a range of biological actions. There is evidence that exposure to mixed chemicals in the workplace leads to the generation of free radicals and inadequate antioxidants leading to oxidative stress, which may serve as an early indicator of a pathophysiologic state. Based on findings, testosterone shows direct antioxidant effects by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, thus indirectly contributing to antioxidant capacity. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant role of testosterone as well as the relationship between testosterone and oxidative stress biomarkers in males exposed to mixed chemicals in the automobile repair community. Methods: The study included 43 participants aged 22- 60years exposed to mixed chemicals (EMC) from the automobile repair community. Forty (40) apparently healthy, unexposed, age-matched controls were recruited after informed consent. Demographic, sexual and anthropometric characteristics were obtained from pre-test structured questionnaires using standard methods. Blood samples (10mls) were collected from each subject into plain bottles and sera obtained were used for biochemical analyses. Serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method, EIA (Immunometrics UK.LTD). Levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxide (TPP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione peroxide (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined using spectrophotometric methods respectively. Results obtained were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and Chi-square test for quantitative variables and qualitative variables respectively. Multiple regression was used to find associations and relationships between the variables. Results: Significant higher concentrations of TPP, MDA, OSI, H2O2 and GST were observed in EMC compared with controls (p < 0.001). Within EMC, significantly higher levels of testosterone, LH and TAC were observed in eugonadic when compared with hypogonadic participants (p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, waist height ratio and waist hip ratio were significantly higher in participants EMC compared with the controls. Sexual history and dietary intake showed that the controls had normal erection during sex and took more vegetables in their diet which may therefore be beneficial. Conclusion: The significantly increased levels of total antioxidant capacity in males exposed to mixed chemicals despite their exposure may probably reflect the contributory antioxidant role testosterone that prevents oxidative stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20chemicals" title="mixed chemicals">mixed chemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypogonadism%20testosterone" title=" hypogonadism testosterone"> hypogonadism testosterone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92952/contributory-antioxidant-role-of-testosterone-and-oxidative-stress-biomarkers-in-males-exposed-to-mixed-chemicals-in-an-automobile-repair-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> [Keynote Talk]: Surveillance of Food Safety Compliance of Hong Kong Street Food</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Y.%20C.%20Yau">Mabel Y. C. Yau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roy%20C.%20F.%20Lai"> Roy C. F. Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Y.%20H.%20Or"> Hugo Y. H. Or</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is a pilot surveillance of hygiene compliance and food microbial safety of both licensed and mobile vendors selling Chinese ready–to-eat snack foods in Hong Kong. The study reflects similar situations in running mobile food vending business on trucks. Hong Kong is about to launch the Food Truck Pilot Scheme by the end of 2016 or early 2017. Technically, selling food on the vehicle is no different from hawking food on the street or vending food on the street. Each type of business bears similar food safety issues and cast the same impact on public health. Present findings demonstrate exemplarily situations that also apply to food trucks. 9 types of Cantonese style snacks of 32 samples in total were selected for microbial screening. A total of 16 vending sites including supermarkets, street markets, and snack stores were visited. The study finally focused on a traditional snack, the steamed rice cake with red beans called Put Chai Ko (PCK). PCK is a type of classical Cantonese pastry sold on push carts on the street. It used to be sold at room temperature and served with bamboo sticks in the old days. Some shops would have them sold steam fresh. Microbial examinations on aerobic counts, yeast, and mould, coliform, salmonella as well as Staphylococcus aureus detections were carried out. Salmonella was not detected in all samples. Since PCK does not contain ingredients of beef, poultry, eggs or dairy products, the risk of the presence of Salmonella in PCK was relatively lower although other source of contamination might be possible. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus was found in 6 of the 14 samples sold at room temperature. Among these 6 samples, 3 were PCK. One of the samples was in an unacceptable range of total colony forming units higher than 105. The rest were only satisfactory. Observational evaluations were made with checklists on personal hygiene, premises hygiene, food safety control, food storage, cleaning and sanitization as well as waste disposals. The maximum score was 25 if total compliance were obtained. The highest score among vendors was 20. Three stores were below average, and two of these stores were selling PCK. Most of the non-compliances were on food processing facilities, sanitization conditions and waste disposal. In conclusion, although no food poisoning outbreaks happened during the time of the investigation, the risk of food hazard existed in these stores, especially among street vendors. Attention is needed in the traditional practice of food selling, and that food handlers might not have sufficient knowledge to properly handle food products. Variations in food qualities existed among supply chains or franchise eateries or shops. It was commonly observed that packaging and storage conditions are not properly enforced in the retails. The same situation could be reflected across the food business. It did indicate need of food safety training in the industry and loopholes in quality control among business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cantonese%20snacks" title="cantonese snacks">cantonese snacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial" title=" microbial"> microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20food" title=" street food"> street food</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554/keynote-talk-surveillance-of-food-safety-compliance-of-hong-kong-street-food" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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