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aria-controls="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_Hebrew_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Hebrew_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In the Hebrew Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rabbinic_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinic_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rabbinic literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbinic_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_and_modern_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_and_modern_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late and modern Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_and_modern_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angels_as_guardians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angels_as_guardians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Angels as guardians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angels_as_guardians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saints_and_their_angels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saints_and_their_angels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Saints and their angels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saints_and_their_angels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_Communion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_Communion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Anglican Communion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_Communion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodox_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Eastern Orthodox Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodox_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheran_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheran_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Lutheran Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheran_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodist_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodist_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Methodist Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodist_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformed_and_Presbyterian_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformed_and_Presbyterian_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Reformed and Presbyterian Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformed_and_Presbyterian_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance_magic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance_magic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Renaissance magic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Renaissance_magic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Renaissance magic subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Renaissance_magic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_Kabbalah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_Kabbalah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Christian Kabbalah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_Kabbalah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enochian_magic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enochian_magic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Enochian magic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enochian_magic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thelema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thelema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Thelema</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Thelema-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Thelema subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Thelema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Methods_of_contact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_of_contact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Methods of contact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods_of_contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literary usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guardian angel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoruyucu_m%C9%99l%C9%99k" title="Qoruyucu mələk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qoruyucu mələk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ангел хранител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ангел хранител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ngel_de_la_guarda" title="Àngel de la guarda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àngel de la guarda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%C4%9Bl_str%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%BD" title="Anděl strážný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anděl strážný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skytsengel" title="Skytsengel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skytsengel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzengel" title="Schutzengel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schutzengel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φύλακας άγγελος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φύλακας άγγελος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_la_guarda" title="Ángel de la guarda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ángel de la guarda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardan%C4%9Delo" title="Gardanĝelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gardanĝelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aingeru_guardako" title="Aingeru guardako – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aingeru guardako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرشته نگهبان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرشته نگهبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ange_gardien" title="Ange gardien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ange gardien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskermingel" title="Beskermingel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beskermingel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxo_da_garda" title="Anxo da garda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anxo da garda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%98%B8%EC%B2%9C%EC%82%AC" title="수호천사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수호천사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պահապան հրեշտակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պահապան հրեշտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%91eo_%C4%8Duvar" title="Anđeo čuvar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anđeo čuvar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat_pelindung" title="Malaikat pelindung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malaikat pelindung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_custode" title="Angelo custode – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Angelo custode" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaika_walinzi" title="Malaika walinzi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malaika walinzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90rangyal_(vall%C3%A1s)" title="Őrangyal (vallás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Őrangyal (vallás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Aнгел чувар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Aнгел чувар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BD" title="ഗാർഡിയൻ ഏഞ്ചൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാർഡിയൻ ഏഞ്ചൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat_pelindung" title="Malaikat pelindung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malaikat pelindung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the religious concept. For the non-profit group, see <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Angels" title="Guardian Angels">Guardian Angels</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Guardian angel (disambiguation)">Guardian angel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardian_Angel,_Old_Believers_icon_(19th_c,_priv.coll).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/240px-Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/360px-Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg/480px-Guardian_Angel%2C_Old_Believers_icon_%2819th_c%2C_priv.coll%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> of a guardian angel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg/240px-Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg/360px-Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg/480px-Cortona_Guardian_Angel_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><i>Guardian Angel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>, 1656</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>guardian angel</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> that is assigned to protect and guide a particular person, group or nation. Belief in <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">tutelary beings</a> can be traced throughout all antiquity. The idea of angels that guard over people played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Judaism#History" title="Judaism">Ancient Judaism</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">hierarchy of angels</a> was extensively developed in the 5th century by <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> of angels and tutelary spirits has undergone many changes since the 5th century. The belief is that guardian angels serve to protect whichever person <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> assigns them to. The <a href="/wiki/Memorial_of_the_Holy_Guardian_Angels" title="Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels">Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels</a> is celebrated on 2 October. </p><p>The idea of a guardian angel is central to the 15th-century book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</a></i> by Abraham of Worms, a German <a href="/wiki/Christian_Kabbalah" title="Christian Kabbalah">Cabalist</a>. In 1897, this book was translated into English by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_MacGregor_Mathers" title="Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers">Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers</a> (1854–1918), a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a>, who styled the guardian angel as the Holy Guardian Angel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> (1875–1947), the founder of the esoteric religion <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>, considered the <i><a href="#Thelema">Holy Guardian Angel</a></i> to be representative of one's truest divine nature and the equivalent of the "<a href="/wiki/Genius_(mythology)" title="Genius (mythology)">Genius</a>" of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, the <a href="/wiki/Augoeides" class="mw-redirect" title="Augoeides">Augoeides</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">Daimon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a>. Following the teachings of the Golden Dawn, Crowley refined their rituals which were intended to facilitate the ability to establish contact with one's guardian angel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravashi</a></div> <p>Also known as <i>Arda Fravaš</i> ('Holy Guardian Angels'). Each person is accompanied by a guardian angel,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which acts as a guide throughout life. They originally patrolled the boundaries of the ramparts of heaven,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but volunteer to descend to earth to stand by individuals to the end of their days.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Hebrew_Bible">In the Hebrew Bible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The guardian angel concept is present in the books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, and its development is well marked. These books described God's angels as his ministers who carried out his behests, and who were at times given special commissions, regarding men and mundane affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-www.newadvent.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.newadvent.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Genesis 18–19, angels not only acted as the executors of God's wrath against the cities of the plain, but they delivered <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> from danger; in Exodus 32:34, God said to Moses: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263642342">.mw-parser-output .inline-quote{quotes:none}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-italic{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .inline-quote-marks{quotes:"\"""\""}</style><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">my angel shall go before thee.</q> The story of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobias</a> concerns the angel <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Raphael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Raphael">Archangel Raphael</a> guiding and aiding its primary character. Psalm 91:11 reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">For He will command His angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways</q> (Cf. Psalm 33:8 and 34:5 — 34:7 and 35:6 in Protestant Bibles).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The belief that angels can be guides and intercessors for men can be found in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a> 33:23–26, and in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> 10:13 angels seem to be assigned to certain countries. In this latter case, the "prince of the kingdom of Persia" contends with Gabriel. The same verse mentions "<a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>, one of the chief princes".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbinic_literature">Rabbinic literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rabbinic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a>, the rabbis expressed the notion that there are indeed guardian angels appointed by God to watch over people. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> on Daniel 10:7 "Our Sages of blessed memory said that although a person does not see something of which he is terrified, his guardian angel, who is in heaven, does see it; therefore, he becomes terrified."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Lailah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lailah">Lailah</a> is an angel of the night in charge of conception and pregnancy. Lailah serves as a guardian angel throughout a person's life and at death, leads the soul into the <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_and_modern_Judaism">Late and modern Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late and modern Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Leo_Trepp" title="Leo Trepp">Leo Trepp</a>, in late <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, the belief developed that, "the people have a heavenly representative, a guardian angel. Every human being has a guardian angel. Previously the term <i>Malakh</i> (angel) simply meant messenger of God."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> believes that people might indeed have guardian angels. For Chabad, God watches over people and makes decisions directly with their prayers and it is in this context that the guardian angels are sent back and forth as emissaries to aid in this task. Thus, they are not prayed to directly, but the angels are part of the workings of how the prayer and response comes about.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the view of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Adin_Steinsaltz" title="Adin Steinsaltz">Adin Steinsaltz</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The nature of the angel is to be, to a degree, as its name in Hebrew signifies, a messenger, to constitute a permanent contact between our world of action and the higher worlds. An angel's missions go in two directions: it may serve as an emissary of God downward… and it may also serve as the one carries things upwards from below... The angel cannot reveal its true form to man, whose being, senses and instruments of perception belong only to the world of action — it continues to belong to a different dimension even when apprehended in one form or another... The angel who is sent to us from another world does not always have a significance or impact beyond the normal laws of physical nature. Indeed it often happens that the angel precisely reveals itself in nature, in the ordinary common-sense world of causality.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In Judaism, there are references to angels with specific protective functions. An example of this can be seen in the birth protection rituals practiced among others by <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> Jews in parts of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, Switzerland and Southern Germany. Pregnant women and newborn children would be given text <a href="/wiki/Amulets" class="mw-redirect" title="Amulets">amulets</a> bearing the names of the angels Senoi, Sansenoi and Semangelo. These angels were supposed to protect pregnant women and newborn children from <a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a>. This can be traced back to the story of Lilith, in which God sends three angels to bring Lilith back to <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>. They are unsuccessful in this task, but Lilith admits to having been created to harm children. She promises to spare children who carry the name or likeness of the three angels with them.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a> was identified as the guardian angel and prince of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> and the archenemy of <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israel</a>. By the beginning of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Jewish culture in Europe</a>, Samael had been established as a representative of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, due to his identification with Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fridolin_Leiber_-_Schutzengel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Fridolin_Leiber_-_Schutzengel.jpg/200px-Fridolin_Leiber_-_Schutzengel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Fridolin_Leiber_-_Schutzengel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>A guardian angel in a 19th-century print by Fridolin Leiber</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> the concept of guardian angel may be noted. Angels are everywhere the intermediaries between God and man; and Christ set a seal upon the Old Testament teaching: "See that you despise not one of these little ones: for I say to you, that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father who is in heaven." (Matthew 18:10). Guardian angels work both for single persons and for communities of people. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+2:1–29&version=nkjv">Revelation 2:1–29</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+3:1–22&version=nkjv">Revelation 3:1–22</a> refers of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia#angels_of_the_seven_churches" title="Seven churches of Asia">angels of the seven churches of Asia</a> who work in the role of their guardians.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Catholic_Church">Roman Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg/200px-Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg/300px-Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg/400px-Tankard-guardian-angel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Guarding angel on a <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 100</span>-year-old tankard</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jerome">Saint Jerome</a>, the concept of guardian angels is in the "mind of the Church". He stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">how great the dignity of the soul, since each one has from his birth an angel commissioned to guard it</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.newadvent.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.newadvent.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Christian theologian to outline a specific scheme for guardian angels was <a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Autun" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorius of Autun">Honorius of Autun</a> in the 12th century. He said that every soul was assigned a guardian angel the moment it was put into a body. <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholastic theologians</a> augmented and ordered the taxonomy of angelic guardians. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> agreed with Honorius and believed that it was the <a href="/wiki/Christian_angelic_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelic hierarchy">lowest order of angels</a> who served as guardians, and his view was most successful in popular thought, but <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a> said that any angel is bound by duty and obedience to the Divine Authority to accept the mission to which that angel is assigned. In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Guardian_Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Guardian Angels">Feast of the Guardian Angels</a> was added to the official calendar of Catholic holidays. </p><p>In his 31 March 1997 <a href="/wiki/Regina_Caeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina Caeli">Regina Caeli</a> address, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> referred to the concept of guardian angels and concluded the address with the statement: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Let us invoke the Queen of angels and saints, that she may grant us, supported by our guardian angels, to be authentic witnesses to the Lord's paschal mystery</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 2014 homily for the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Guardian_Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Guardian Angels">Feast of Holy Guardian Angels</a>, 2 October, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> told those gathered for daily Mass to be like children who pay attention to their "traveling companion". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">No one journeys alone and no one should think that they are alone</q>, the Pope said.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Morning Meditation in the chapel of Santa Marta, the Pope noted that oftentimes, we have the feeling that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">I should do this, this is not right, be careful.</q> This, he said, "is the voice of" our guardian angel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneible2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneible2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">According to Church tradition we all have an angel with us, who guards us...</q> The Pope instructed each, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Do not rebel, follow his advice!</q> The Pope urged that this "doctrine on the angels" not be considered "a little imaginative", as it is rather one of "truth": it is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">what Jesus, what God said: 'I send an angel before you, to guard you, to accompany you on the way, so you will not make a mistake'</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneible2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneible2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pope Francis concluded with a series of questions so that each one can examine their own conscience: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">How is my relationship with my guardian angel? Do I listen to him? Do I bid him good day in the morning? Do I tell him: 'guard me while I sleep'? Do I speak with him? Do I ask his advice?</q> Each one of us can do so in order to evaluate <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">the relationship with this angel that the Lord has sent to guard me and to accompany me on the path, and who always beholds the face of the Father who is in heaven.</q><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reiterated this in a homily on 2 October 2018: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Listen to the inspirations, which are always from the Holy Spirit – but the angel inspires them. But I want to ask you a question: Do you speak with your angel? Do you know the name of your angel? Do you listen to your angel?</q><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments discourages assigning names to angels beyond those revealed in scripture: Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardian_angel_feast,_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG/200px-Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG/300px-Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG/400px-Guardian_angel_feast%2C_fondachelli_f._sicily.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The celebration of the Guardian Angel at <a href="/wiki/Fondachelli-Fantina" title="Fondachelli-Fantina">Fondachelli-Fantina</a> on second Sunday of July, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum" title="Opus Sanctorum Angelorum">Opus Sanctorum Angelorum</a> is a public association of the Catholic Church that Christians can join as members in order to promote <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">devotion to the holy angels and a covenant bond with them through a consecration approved by the Church, so that the holy angels may lead us more effectively to God.</q><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the Opus Sanctorum Angelorum is the <a href="/wiki/Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum" title="Opus Sanctorum Angelorum">Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels</a> that one becomes eligible for after entering a two year formation period.<sup id="cite_ref-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angels_as_guardians">Angels as guardians</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Angels as guardians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg/200px-Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg/300px-Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg/400px-Guardian_Angel_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Guardian angel, German postcard, 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Aquinas, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">On this road man is threatened by many dangers both from within and without, and therefore as guardians are appointed for men who have to pass by an unsafe road, so an angel is assigned to each man as long as he is a wayfarer.</q> By means of an angel, God is said to introduce images and suggestions leading a person to do what is right.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saints_and_their_angels">Saints and their angels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Saints and their angels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Father Giovangiuseppe Califano recounted how, one day, a newly appointed bishop confessed to <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">that he could not sleep at night due to an anxiety which was caused by the responsibility of his office</q>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">The pope told him, 'You know, I also thought the same when I was elected pope. But one day, I dreamed about my guardian angel, and it told me not to take everything so seriously.'</q><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope John attributed the idea of calling <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> to an inspiration from his guardian angel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint <a href="/wiki/Gemma_Galgani" title="Gemma Galgani">Gemma Galgani</a>, a Roman Catholic mystic, stated that she had interacted with and spoken with her guardian angel.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint <a href="/wiki/Pio_of_Pietrelcina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pio of Pietrelcina">Pio of Pietrelcina</a> was known to instruct his parishioners to send him their guardian angel to communicate a trouble or issue to him when they could not travel to get to him or another urgency existed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Anglican Communion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Of the Intercession and Invocation of Angels and Saints</i>, printed in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Anglo-Catholic_Theology" title="Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology">Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology</a>, held that "many learned Protestants think it probable that each of the faithful, at least, has a guardian angel. It seems certainly proved by Scripture. <a href="/wiki/Zanchius" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanchius">Zanchius</a> says that all the Fathers held this opinion".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building upon sacred scripture and the teachings of the Church Fathers, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Montagu" title="Richard Montagu">Richard Montagu</a>, the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Norwich" title="Bishop of Norwich">Bishop of Norwich</a> in the 17th century, stated that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">It is an opinion received, and hath been long, that if not every man, each son of Adam, yet sure each Christian man regenerate by water and the Holy Ghost, at least from the day of his regeneration and new birth unto God, if not from the time of his coming into the world, hath by God's appointment and assignation an Angel Guardian to attend upon him at all assayes, in all his ways, at his going forth, at his coming home</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodox_Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodox Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bulgakov" title="Sergei Bulgakov">Sergei Bulgakov</a> writes that the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> teaches that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>each man has a guardian angel who stands before the face of the Lord. This guardian angel is not only a friend and a protector, who preserves from evil and who sends good thought; the image of God is reflected in the creature—angels and men—in such a way that angels are celestial prototypes of men. Guardian angels are especially our spiritual kin. Scripture testified that the guardianship and direction of the elements, of places, of peoples, of societies, are confided to the guardian angels of the cosmos, whose very substance adds something of harmony to the elements they watch over.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As such, before the Eastern Orthodox liturgy of the Communion of the Faithful, a <a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">prayer</a> asks <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">For an angel of peace, a faithful guide, a guardian of our souls and bodies, let us entreat the Lord. Amen.</q><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheran_Church">Lutheran Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lutheran Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer found in <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Small_Catechism" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Catechism">Small Catechism</a> include the supplication <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Let your holy angel be with me, that the evil foe may have no power over me</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donald Schneider, a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> priest, states that <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> may have based these prayers on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#91:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 91</a>, which includes a verse stating <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">For [God] will command his angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways. On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodist_Church">Methodist Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Methodist Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John W. Hanner, a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> minister and theologian, wrote on the topic of guardian angels in his <i>Angelic Study</i>, stating that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Perhaps every Christian has a guardian angel. It may be that there is one angel to every Christian, or a score of them; or one may have charge of a score of Christians. Some of the ancient fathers believed that every city had a guardian angel, while others assigned one to every house and every man. None of us know how much we are indebted to angels for our deliverance from imminent peril, disease, and malicious plots of men and devils. Where the pious die, angels are to carry the soul to heaven, though it be a soul of a <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanner185877_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanner185877-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>In May and June 1743, Methodists experienced <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wednesbury" title="Wednesbury">Wednesbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a> and the founder of the Methodist Church, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, was threatened with death by a mob who dragged him in the rain; however, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Wesley escaped unharmed</q> and he <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">believed that he had been protected by his guardian angel</q>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWigger200925_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWigger200925-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformed_and_Presbyterian_Churches">Reformed and Presbyterian Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reformed and Presbyterian Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg/200px-%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg/300px-%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg/400px-%C3%81ngel_de_la_Guarda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>18th-century rendition of a guardian angel</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Reformed Dogmatics</i>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heppe" title="Heinrich Heppe">Heinrich Heppe</a> states that some <a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed</a> theologians espoused the view of guardian angels, including Bucan, who taught: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That as a rule to each <a href="/wiki/Predestination_(Calvinism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Predestination (Calvinism)">elect</a> person a certain particular good angel is appointed by God to guard him, may be gathered from Christ's words, Mt. 18. 10, where it is said 'Their angels do continually behold the face of my Father.' Also from Ac. 12.15 where the believers who had assembled in Mark's house said of Peter knocking at the door, 'It is his angel'. These believers were speaking according to the opinion received among the people of God."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeppe2008212–213_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeppe2008212–213-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a similar <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> belief in the <a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Mu'aqqibat</a>. According to many Muslims, each person has two guardian angels, in front of and behind him, while the two <a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">recorders</a> are located to the right and left.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renaissance_magic">Renaissance magic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Renaissance magic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_Kabbalah">Christian Kabbalah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Christian Kabbalah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of a Holy Guardian Angel is central to the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</a></i> by Abraham of Worms, a German <a href="/wiki/Christian_Kabbalah" title="Christian Kabbalah">Christian Cabalist</a> who wrote the book on <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magic</a> during the 15th century and which was later translated by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_MacGregor_Mathers" title="Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers">Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers</a>, a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a>. He elaborated on this earlier work, giving it extensive magical notes. In Mathers' publication of <i>The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</i>, he writes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If thou shalt perfectly observe these rules, all the following Symbols and an infinitude of others will be granted unto thee by thy Holy Guardian Angel; thou thus living for the Honour and Glory of the True and only God, for thine own good, and that of thy neighbour. Let the Fear of God be ever before the eyes and the heart of him who shall possess this Divine Wisdom and Sacred Magic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathers2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathers2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enochian_magic">Enochian magic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Enochian magic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian system</a> of 16th-century occultist <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> discusses the guardian angel. In this dialog between Dee and the angel Jubanladace on p.<span class="nowrap"> </span>18, Cotton Appendix XLVI 1, the angel says the following: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Dee:</b> If I should not offend you, I would gladly know of what order you are or how your state is in respect of <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> or <a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a>. </p><p><b>Jubanladace:</b> Unto men, according unto their deserts, and the first excellency of their soul, God hath appointed a good Governor or Angel, from among the orders of those that are blessed. For every soul that is good, is not of one and the self same dignification. Therefore according to his excellency we are appointed as Ministers from that order, whereunto his excellency accordeth: to the intent that he may be brought, at last, to supply those places which were glorified by a former: and also to the intent, that the Prince of darkness might be counterposed in God's justice.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thelema">Thelema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Thelema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:22em;border-width:3px; border-color:#9999CC #BEBEED #BEBEED #9999CC; padding:0; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Thelema" title="Category:Thelema">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:170%;"><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crowley's unicursal hexagram"><img alt="Crowley's unicursal hexagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg/75px-Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg/113px-Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg/150px-Crowley_unicursal_hexagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="220" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">The Rights of Man</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Holy Books and Stele</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law">The Book of the Law</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">The Stele of Revealing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Key figures</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Kenneth Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li></ul> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> The Scarlet Women</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Kelly">Rose Edith Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_d%27Este_Sturges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary d'Este Sturges (page does not exist)">Mary d'Este Sturges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roddie_Minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roddie Minor (page does not exist)">Roddie Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Rohling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Rohling (page does not exist)">Marie Rohling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Core concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">The Abyss</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Magick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Qabalah</a><br /></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Thelema">Holy Guardian Angel</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Yoga</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_XV,_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_of_Horus" title="Aeon of Horus">The Aeon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Methods</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_Abyss" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossing the Abyss">Crossing the Abyss</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishing" title="Banishing">Banishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">Qaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of life</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelemic_texts" title="Category:Thelemic texts">Thelemic texts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Grant bibliography">Kenneth Grant bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Motta_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Motta bibliography">Marcelo Motta bibliography</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organizations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">O∴A∴A∴</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (EGC)</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO)</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis (SOTO)</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order (TOTO)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Deities</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuit" title="Nuit">Nuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Heru-ra-ha</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baphomet" title="Baphomet">Baphomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Places</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_anointing_oil" title="Holy anointing oil">Abramelin oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Pennae_Praenumbra" title="Liber Pennae Praenumbra">Liber Pennae Praenumbra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formulae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah_and_wanga" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qlippoth" title="Qlippoth">Qlippoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_magical_correspondences" title="Table of magical correspondences">Table of magical correspondences</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 0.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thelema" title="Template:Thelema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thelema" title="Template talk:Thelema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Having studied <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">The Book of Abramelin</a></i> during his time with the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, <a href="/wiki/List_of_occult_writers" title="List of occult writers">occult writer</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> adapted the concept of the <b>Holy Guardian Angel</b> from <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a> (see <a href="#Renaissance_magic">above</a>) and made it central to the philosophy and practices of <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>, popularizing it in the process. </p><p>In his earlier writings, Crowley states that the Holy Guardian Angel is the "silent self",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther2014336_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther2014336-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Genius_(mythology)" title="Genius (mythology)">Genius</a> of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, the <i><a href="/wiki/Augoeides" class="mw-redirect" title="Augoeides">Augoeides</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">Daimon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant2010_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant2010-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his late sixties, when composing <i><a href="/wiki/Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i>, he states that the Holy Guardian Angel is not one's self, but rather a discrete and independent being, who may have been previously human.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1982[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1982[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methods_of_contact">Methods of contact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Methods of contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the system of Aleister Crowley's magical Order <a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a>, one of the two most important goals is to consciously connect with one's Holy Guardian Angel, representative of one's truest divine nature: a process termed "Knowledge and Conversation". </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It should never be forgotten for a single moment that the central and essential work of the Magician is the attainment of the Knowledge and Conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel. Once he has achieved this he must of course be left entirely in the hands of that Angel, who can be invariably and inevitably relied upon to lead him to the further great step—crossing of the <a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a> and the attainment of the grade of Master of the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1982ch._83_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1982ch._83-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Crowley suggested that the Abramelin procedure was not the only way to achieve success in this endeavour: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is impossible to lay down precise rules by which a man may attain to the knowledge and conversation of His Holy Guardian Angel; for that is the particular secret of each one of us; a secret not to be told or even divined by any other, whatever his grade. It is the Holy of Holies, whereof each man is his own High Priest, and none knoweth the Name of his brother's God, or the Rite that invokes Him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"One_Star_in_Sight"_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"One_Star_in_Sight"-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Since the operation described in <i>Abramelin</i> is complex and requires time and resources not available to many people, Crowley wanted to provide a more accessible method. While at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a> in Italy, he wrote <i>Liber Samekh</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on the <a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a>, a ritual designed as an example of how one may attain the knowledge and conversation with one's Holy Guardian Angel. In his notes to this ritual, Crowley sums up the key to success: "INVOKE OFTEN."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crowley also explains, in more detail, the general mystical process of the ritual: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Adept will be free to concentrate his deepest self, that part of him which unconsciously orders his true Will, upon the realization of his Holy Guardian Angel. The absence of his bodily, mental and astral consciousness is indeed cardinal to success, for it is their usurpation of his attention which has made him deaf to his Soul, and his preoccupation with their affairs that has prevented him from perceiving that Soul. </p><p>The effect of the Ritual has been: </p> <ol><li>to keep them so busy with their own work that they cease to distract him;</li> <li>to separate them so completely that his soul is stripped of its sheaths;</li> <li>to arouse in him an enthusiasm so intense as to intoxicate and anaesthetize him, that he may not feel and resent the agony of this spiritual vivisection, just as bashful lovers get drunk on the wedding night, in order to brazen out the intensity of shame which so mysteriously coexists with their desire;</li> <li>to concentrate the necessary spiritual forces from every element, and fling them simultaneously into the aspiration towards the Holy Guardian Angel; and</li> <li>to attract the Angel by the vibration of the magical voice which invokes Him.</li></ol><p> The method of the Ritual is thus manifold.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another detailed description of the general operation is given in <i>The Vision and the Voice</i> in the eighth Aethyr and is also described in <i>Liber 8</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_8"_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_8"-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_usage">Literary usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Literary usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schutzengel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Schutzengel.jpg/200px-Schutzengel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Schutzengel.jpg/300px-Schutzengel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Schutzengel.jpg/400px-Schutzengel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1859" /></a><figcaption>Statue of a guardian angel in <a href="/wiki/Memmelsdorf" title="Memmelsdorf">Memmelsdorf</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Guardian angels were often considered to be matched by a personal demon who countered the angel's efforts, especially in popular <a href="/wiki/Medieval_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval drama">medieval drama</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Morality_play" title="Morality play">morality plays</a> like the 15th-century <i><a href="/wiki/The_Castle_of_Perseverance" title="The Castle of Perseverance">The Castle of Perseverance</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragical_History_of_Doctor_Faustus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus">The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1592</span>, Faustus has a "Good Angel" and "Bad Angel" who offer competing advice (Act 2, scene 1, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullan2010_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullan2010-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guardian angels appear in literary works of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_literature" title="Renaissance literature">Renaissance</a> periods. Later the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglican</a> English <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Sir Thomas Browne</a> (1605–1682), stated his belief in <i><a href="/wiki/Religio_Medici" title="Religio Medici">Religio Medici</a></i> (part 1, paragraph 33): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Therefore for Spirits I am so farre from denying their existence, that I could easily beleeve, that not onely whole Countries, but particular persons have their Tutelary, and Guardian Angels: It is not a new opinion of the Church of Rome, but an old one of Pythagoras and Plato; there is no heresie in it, and if not manifestly defin'd in Scripture, yet is it an opinion of a good and wholesome use in the course and actions of a mans life, and would serve as an Hypothesis to salve many doubts, whereof common Philosophy affordeth no solution:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>By the 19th century, the guardian angel was no longer viewed in Anglophone lands as an intercessory figure, but rather as a force protecting the believer from performing sin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A parody appears in <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>'s 1819 poem <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(poem)" title="Don Juan (poem)">Don Juan</a></i>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263642342"><q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Her guardian angel had given up his garrison</q> (Canto I, xvii).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Cardinal Newman's</a> 1865 poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Gerontius_(poem)" title="The Dream of Gerontius (poem)">The Dream of Gerontius</a></i>, the departed soul is met by his guardian angel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> talks of a Guardian Angel in several letters to his children. He described the Guardian Angel as "God's very attention itself, personalised".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">Clarence Odbody</a>, the guardian angel in the 1946 film <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life">It's a Wonderful Life</a></i> and the 1990 film <i><a href="/wiki/Clarence_(1990_film)" title="Clarence (1990 film)">Clarence</a></i>, "earned his wings" through bringing awareness that life was worth living to the 1946 film's protagonist, <a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Teen Angel, Frenchy's guardian angel in the 1978 film <a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)"><i>Grease</i></a>, who advises her to return to high school in the song "<a href="/wiki/Beauty_School_Dropout" title="Beauty School Dropout">Beauty School Dropout</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_God" title="Angel of God">Angel of God</a> – Roman Catholic traditional prayer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Angel of Portugal</a> – Guardian angel of Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angel</a> – Angel who records a person's life and prayers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_angel" title="Shoulder angel">Shoulder angel</a> – Plot device used for an effect in fictional works</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Citation_style plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>has an unclear <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citation style</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">footnoting</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Now in various collections of the British Library. See especially Sloane MSS 3188, 3189 and 3191, and Cotton Appendix XLVI. All the above are available in digital scans at: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230010212/http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/">"Enochian Manuscripts Online"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themagickalreview.org/enochian/mss/">the original</a> on 30 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enochian+Manuscripts+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themagickalreview.org%2Fenochian%2Fmss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Yasna</i> 26.4, 55.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bundahišn</i> 6.3, <i>Zatspram</i> 5.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.newadvent.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.newadvent.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.newadvent.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07049c.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Guardian Angels"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201422/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07049c.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Guardian+Angels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07049c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16493/showrashi/true/jewish/Chapter-10.htm">"The Book of Daniel, Chapter 10"</a>. <i>Tanach with Rashi</i>. Chabad.org and Judaica Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025121144/http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16493/showrashi/true/jewish/Chapter-10.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tanach+with+Rashi&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%2C+Chapter+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Fbible_cdo%2Faid%2F16493%2Fshowrashi%2Ftrue%2Fjewish%2FChapter-10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1994" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Howard (1 October 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jglADPMFr8IC&q=lailah&pg=PA286"><i>Gabriel's Palace: Jewish Mystical Tales</i></a>. OUP USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195093889" title="Special:BookSources/9780195093889"><bdi>9780195093889</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gabriel%27s+Palace%3A+Jewish+Mystical+Tales&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.isbn=9780195093889&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjglADPMFr8IC%26q%3Dlailah%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrepp2001" class="citation book cs1">Trepp, Leo (2001). <i>A History of the Jewish Experience</i>. Behrman House. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874416725" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874416725"><bdi>978-0874416725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jewish+Experience&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Behrman+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0874416725&rft.aulast=Trepp&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/678751/jewish/Do-we-believe-in-guardian-angels.htm">"Do we believe in guardian angels?"</a>. Chabad.org Ask the Rabbi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816000514/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/678751/jewish/Do-we-believe-in-guardian-angels.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+we+believe+in+guardian+angels%3F&rft.pub=Chabad.org+Ask+the+Rabbi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Flibrary%2Farticle_cdo%2Faid%2F678751%2Fjewish%2FDo-we-believe-in-guardian-angels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Thirteen Petalled Rose: A Discourse On The Essence Of Jewish Existence And Belief</i>, Basic Books (1985), Page 9, 13, 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubrich2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lubrich, Naomi, ed. (2022). <i>Birth Culture: Jewish Artifacts from Rural Switzerland and Environs</i> (in English and German). Basel: <a href="/wiki/Schwabe_(publisher)" title="Schwabe (publisher)">Schwabe Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783796546075" title="Special:BookSources/9783796546075"><bdi>9783796546075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birth+Culture%3A+Jewish+Artifacts+from+Rural+Switzerland+and+Environs&rft.place=Basel&rft.pub=Schwabe+Verlag&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9783796546075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross1995" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Abraham (1995). <i>Iberian Jewry from Twilight to Dawn: The World of Rabbi Abraham Saba</i>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004100534" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004100534"><bdi>978-9004100534</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberian+Jewry+from+Twilight+to+Dawn%3A+The+World+of+Rabbi+Abraham+Saba&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-9004100534&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvry2013" class="citation book cs1">Ivry, Elliot R. Wolfson (2013) [1998]. <i>Perspectives on Jewish Thought</i>. Routledge. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136650123" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136650123"><bdi>978-1136650123</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Jewish+Thought&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1136650123&rft.aulast=Ivry&rft.aufirst=Elliot+R.+Wolfson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/1-20.htm">"Revelation 1:20"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131017010620/https://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/1-20.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revelation+1%3A20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Frevelation%2F1-20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Paul_II" class="citation web cs1">John Paul II. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/angelus/1997/documents/hf_jp-ii_reg_19970331_en.html">"Regina Caeli, 31 March 1997"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213053348/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/angelus/1997/documents/hf_jp-ii_reg_19970331_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Regina+Caeli%2C+31+March+1997&rft.au=John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fangelus%2F1997%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_reg_19970331_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance-Presse,_Agence2014" class="citation news cs1">France-Presse, Agence (2 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927165656/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/02/pope-francis-angels-believe-guardian-help">"I believe in angels, says Pope Francis – and they help you make right decisions"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/02/pope-francis-angels-believe-guardian-help">the original</a> on 27 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=I+believe+in+angels%2C+says+Pope+Francis+%E2%80%93+and+they+help+you+make+right+decisions&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft.au=France-Presse%2C+Agence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Foct%2F02%2Fpope-francis-angels-believe-guardian-help&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneible2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneible2014_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneible2014_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneible2014">Schneible (2014)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Francis2014" class="citation news cs1">Pope Francis (10 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102195734/http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/cotidie/2014/documents/papa-francesco-cotidie_20141002_we-all-have-an-angel.html">"We all have an angel"</a>. <i>L'Osservatore Romano</i>. No. 41 (English weekly ed.). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/cotidie/2014/documents/papa-francesco-cotidie_20141002_we-all-have-an-angel.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Osservatore+Romano&rft.atitle=We+all+have+an+angel&rft.issue=41&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.au=Pope+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Ffrancesco%2Fen%2Fcotidie%2F2014%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco-cotidie_20141002_we-all-have-an-angel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeraso2018" class="citation news cs1">Ceraso, Gabriella (2 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope-francis/mass-casa-santa-marta/2018-10/pope-francis-homily-daily-mass-guardian-angels-transcendence.html">"Pope at Mass: Guardian angels, our daily gate to the Father"</a>. <i>Vatican News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vatican+News&rft.atitle=Pope+at+Mass%3A+Guardian+angels%2C+our+daily+gate+to+the+Father&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.aulast=Ceraso&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticannews.va%2Fen%2Fpope-francis%2Fmass-casa-santa-marta%2F2018-10%2Fpope-francis-homily-daily-mass-guardian-angels-transcendence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html">Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, "Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy", §217</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013300/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20020513_vers-direttorio_en.html">Archived</a> 23 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBukurasJones2022" class="citation web cs1">Bukuras, Joe; Jones, Kevin J. (14 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northtexascatholic.org/news/ewtn-poll-u-s-catholics-have-strong-belief-in-angels-but-eucharistic-devotion-lags">"EWTN Poll: U.S. Catholics have strong belief in angels, but Eucharistic devotion lags"</a>. North Texas Catholic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EWTN+Poll%3A+U.S.+Catholics+have+strong+belief+in+angels%2C+but+Eucharistic+devotion+lags&rft.pub=North+Texas+Catholic&rft.date=2022-10-14&rft.aulast=Bukuras&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Jones%2C+Kevin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthtexascatholic.org%2Fnews%2Fewtn-poll-u-s-catholics-have-strong-belief-in-angels-but-eucharistic-devotion-lags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opusangelorum.org/membership/">"Membership Formation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Opus_Sanctorum_Angelorum" title="Opus Sanctorum Angelorum">Opus Sanctorum Angelorum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Membership+Formation&rft.pub=Opus+Sanctorum+Angelorum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopusangelorum.org%2Fmembership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lovasik SVD, Lawrence. <i>Friendship With the Angels</i>, Tarentum, Pennsylvania</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/postulators-reflect-on-humanity-of-john-paul-ii-john-xxiii">Jimenez, Marta and Harris, Elise. "Postulators Reflect on Humanity of John Paul II, John XXIII", <i>National Catholic Register</i>, April 23, 2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018051734/http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/postulators-reflect-on-humanity-of-john-paul-ii-john-xxiii">Archived</a> 18 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/library/SPIRIT/BAGUARD.TXT">"Boeddeker, O.F.M., Alfred. "Our Guardian Angels", The Catholic Resource Network"</a>. <i>ewtn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208091144/http://www.ewtn.com/library/SPIRIT/BAGUARD.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ewtn.com&rft.atitle=Boeddeker%2C+O.F.M.%2C+Alfred.+%22Our+Guardian+Angels%22%2C+The+Catholic+Resource+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FSPIRIT%2FBAGUARD.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph M. Bell, 2003 <i>The Voices of Gemma Galgani: the Life and Afterlife of a Modern Saint</i> University of Chicago Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-04196-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-04196-4">978-0-226-04196-4</a> pages 47 and 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPio" class="citation web cs1">Pio, Padre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082931/http://www.ewtn.com/padrepio/mystic/angels.htm">"The Guardian Angels"</a>. <i>The Mystic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/padrepio/mystic/angels.htm">the original</a> on 15 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mystic&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+Angels&rft.aulast=Pio&rft.aufirst=Padre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fpadrepio%2Fmystic%2Fangels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Of the Intercession and Invocation of Angels and Saints". <i>The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology</i>. <b>16</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Parker_(writer)" title="John Henry Parker (writer)">John Henry Parker</a>: 46. 1856.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Library+of+Anglo-Catholic+Theology&rft.atitle=Of+the+Intercession+and+Invocation+of+Angels+and+Saints&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1846" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, William (1846). <i>A Harmony of Anglican Doctrine with the Doctrine of the Catholic and Apostolic Church of the East: Being the Longer Russian Catechism: with an Appendix Consisting of Notes and Extracts from Scottish and Anglican Authorities and by all means, whoever searches this reference shall be blessed in the name of the Lord</i>. A. Brown. p. 145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Harmony+of+Anglican+Doctrine+with+the+Doctrine+of+the+Catholic+and+Apostolic+Church+of+the+East%3A+Being+the+Longer+Russian+Catechism%3A+with+an+Appendix+Consisting+of+Notes+and+Extracts+from+Scottish+and+Anglican+Authorities+and+by+all+means%2C+whoever+searches+this+reference+shall+be+blessed+in+the+name+of+the+Lord.&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=A.+Brown&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulgakov1988" class="citation book cs1">Bulgakov, Sergiĭ (1988). <i>The Orthodox Church</i>. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410518" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410518"><bdi>9780881410518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780881410518&rft.aulast=Bulgakov&rft.aufirst=Sergi%C4%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuiley2004" class="citation book cs1">Guiley, Rosemary (2004). <i>The Encyclopedia of Angels</i>. Infobase Publishing. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438130026" title="Special:BookSources/9781438130026"><bdi>9781438130026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Angels&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781438130026&rft.aulast=Guiley&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfatteicher1990" class="citation book cs1">Pfatteicher, Philip H. (1990). <i>Commentary on the Lutheran Book of Worship: Lutheran Liturgy in Its Ecumenical Context</i>. Augsburg Fortress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780800603922" title="Special:BookSources/9780800603922"><bdi>9780800603922</bdi></a>. <q>Luther's prayers are cast in the singular and the German has "let your holy angel." This could be a reference to one's guardian angel, and thus when the prayer is put in the plural the noun angel should logically be made plural also.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+Lutheran+Book+of+Worship%3A+Lutheran+Liturgy+in+Its+Ecumenical+Context&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780800603922&rft.aulast=Pfatteicher&rft.aufirst=Philip+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2013" class="citation cs1">Schneider, Donald (1 October 2013). "Of Guardian Angels". <i>Faith Lutheran Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faith+Lutheran+Church&rft.atitle=Of+Guardian+Angels&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanner185877-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanner185877_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanner1858">Hanner (1858)</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWigger200925-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWigger200925_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWigger2009">Wigger (2009)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeppe2008212–213-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeppe2008212–213_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeppe2008">Heppe (2008)</a>, pp. 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran_13:11" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran 13:11">Quran 13:11</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quran.com/13/11"><i>English&Arabic</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417101416/http://quran.com/13/11">archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English%26Arabic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2F13%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126185400/http://irebd.com/quran/english/surah-13/verse-11/">"Quran Surah Ar-Ra'd (Verse 11) with English Translation"</a>. <i>IReBD.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irebd.com/quran/english/surah-13/verse-11/">the original</a> on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2018</span>. <q><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَالٍ</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IReBD.com&rft.atitle=Quran+Surah+Ar-Ra%27d+%28Verse+11%29+with+English+Translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firebd.com%2Fquran%2Fenglish%2Fsurah-13%2Fverse-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathers2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathers2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathers2004">Mathers (2004)</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther2014336-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther2014336_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunther2014">Gunther (2014)</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant2010-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant2010_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrant2010">Grant (2010)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1982[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1982[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1982">Crowley (1982)</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1982ch._83-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1982ch._83_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1982">Crowley (1982)</a>, ch. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"One_Star_in_Sight"-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"One_Star_in_Sight"_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1997">Crowley (1997)</a>, "One Star in Sight".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_Samekh"_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1997">Crowley (1997)</a>, "Liber Samekh".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_8"-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997"Liber_8"_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1997">Crowley (1997)</a>, "Liber 8".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMullan2010-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMullan2010_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMullan2010">Mullan (2010)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Religio Medici 1:33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmanreader.org/works/verses/gerontius.html">"Newman Reader – Dream of Gerontius – 1"</a>. <i>www.newmanreader.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041217031105/http://www.newmanreader.org/works/verses/gerontius.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newmanreader.org&rft.atitle=Newman+Reader+%E2%80%93+Dream+of+Gerontius+%E2%80%93+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmanreader.org%2Fworks%2Fverses%2Fgerontius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english.op.org/godzdogz/quodlibet-38-guardian-angels/">Mullens O.P., Bede. "Quodlibet 38: Guardian Angels", February 4, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126054344/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79566/its-a-wonderful-life/#synopsis">"It's a Wonderful Life (1946) – Synopsis"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79566/its-a-wonderful-life/#synopsis">the original</a> on 26 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life+%281946%29+%E2%80%93+Synopsis&rft.pub=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F79566%2Fits-a-wonderful-life%2F%23synopsis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley, Aleister</a> (1982). <i>Magick Without Tears</i>. Phoenix, AZ: Falcon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56184-018-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56184-018-1"><bdi>1-56184-018-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magick+Without+Tears&rft.place=Phoenix%2C+AZ&rft.pub=Falcon+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=1-56184-018-1&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1997" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1997). <i>Magick: Liber ABA</i> (2nd ed.). York Beach, Maine: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Weiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Weiser">Samuel Weiser</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0877289197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0877289197"><bdi>978-0877289197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magick%3A+Liber+ABA&rft.place=York+Beach%2C+Maine&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Samuel+Weiser&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0877289197&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Grant, Kenneth</a> (2010). <i>The Magical Revival</i>. United Kingdom: Starfire Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1906073039" title="Special:BookSources/978-1906073039"><bdi>978-1906073039</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magical+Revival&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Starfire+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1906073039&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther2014" class="citation book cs1">Gunther, J. D. (2014). <i>The Angel and the Abyss: The Inward Journey, Books II and III</i>. Nicolas Hays. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89254-211-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89254-211-6"><bdi>978-0-89254-211-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Angel+and+the+Abyss%3A+The+Inward+Journey%2C+Books+II+and+III&rft.pub=Nicolas+Hays&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-89254-211-6&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanner1858" class="citation book cs1">Hanner, John W. (1858). "The Methodist Pulpit, South". In Smithson, William T. (ed.). <i>Angelic Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church,_South" title="Methodist Episcopal Church, South">Methodist Episcopal Church, South</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Methodist+Pulpit%2C+South&rft.btitle=Angelic+Study&rft.pub=Methodist+Episcopal+Church%2C+South&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Hanner&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeppe2008" class="citation book cs1">Heppe, Heinrich (2008). <i>Reformed Dogmatics</i>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556357756" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556357756"><bdi>978-1556357756</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformed+Dogmatics&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1556357756&rft.aulast=Heppe&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathers2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_MacGregor_Mathers" title="Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers">Mathers, S. L. MacGregor</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin"><i>The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage</i></a>. Book Tree. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58509-252-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58509-252-5"><bdi>1-58509-252-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Sacred+Magic+of+Abramelin+the+Mage&rft.pub=Book+Tree&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-58509-252-5&rft.aulast=Mathers&rft.aufirst=S.+L.+MacGregor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullan2010" class="citation news cs1">Mullan, John (12 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305030023/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/nov/13/ten-best-angels-literature-mullan">"Ten of the best angels in literature"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/nov/13/ten-best-angels-literature-mullan">the original</a> on 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ten+of+the+best+angels+in+literature&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft.aulast=Mullan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2010%2Fnov%2F13%2Ften-best-angels-literature-mullan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneible2014" class="citation news cs1">Schneible, Ann (2 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226055755/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/be-like-children-believe-in-your-guardian-angel-pope-says-55343/">"Be like children – believe in your guardian angel, Pope says"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/be-like-children-believe-in-your-guardian-angel-pope-says-55343/">the original</a> on 26 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Be+like+children+%E2%80%93+believe+in+your+guardian+angel%2C+Pope+says&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft.aulast=Schneible&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2Fbe-like-children-believe-in-your-guardian-angel-pope-says-55343%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWigger2009" class="citation book cs1">Wigger, John (2009). <i>American Saint: Francis Asbury and the Methodists</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199741250" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199741250"><bdi>978-0199741250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Saint%3A+Francis+Asbury+and+the+Methodists&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0199741250&rft.aulast=Wigger&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine, Robert</a> (1902). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Sermons from the Latins/Sermon 18"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sermons_from_the_Latins/Sermon_18">"First Sunday: Angel Guardians" </a></span>. <i>Sermons from the Latins</i>. Benziger Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=First+Sunday%3A+Angel+Guardians&rft.btitle=Sermons+from+the+Latins&rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Bellarmine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Corrias, A. (2013). "From Daemonic Reason to Daemonic Imagination: Plotinus and Marsilio Ficino on the Soul's Tutelary Spirit". <i>British Journal for the History of Philosophy</i>. <b>21</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">443–</span>462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09608788.2013.771608">10.1080/09608788.2013.771608</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170479884">170479884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=From+Daemonic+Reason+to+Daemonic+Imagination%3A+Plotinus+and+Marsilio+Ficino+on+the+Soul%27s+Tutelary+Spirit&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E443-%3C%2Fspan%3E462&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09608788.2013.771608&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170479884%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Corrias&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Nickell, Joe</a> (14 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/sb/show/on_a_wing_and_a_prayer_the_search_for_guardian_angels">"On a Wing and a Prayer: The Search for Guardian Angels"</a>. <i>Skeptical Briefs</i>. <b>21</b> (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2022</span> – via Csicop.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Briefs&rft.atitle=On+a+Wing+and+a+Prayer%3A+The+Search+for+Guardian+Angels&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft.aulast=Nickell&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsb%2Fshow%2Fon_a_wing_and_a_prayer_the_search_for_guardian_angels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuardian+angel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guardian_angel&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guardian_angels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Guardian angels">Guardian angels</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template talk:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in<br />Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Presence" title="Angel of the Presence">Angel of the Presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arariel" title="Arariel">Arariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobiel" title="Dobiel">Dobiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisheth" title="Eisheth">Eisheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadraniel" title="Hadraniel">Hadraniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haniel" title="Haniel">Haniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Lailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastema" title="Mastema">Mastema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuriel" title="Nuriel">Nuriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziel" title="Raziel">Raziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaphkiel" title="Zaphkiel">Tzaphqiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoel" title="Yahoel">Yahoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">Chayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashmal" title="Hashmal">Hashmallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishim_(angel)" title="Ishim (angel)">Ishim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiel" title="Ramiel">Ramiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaphiel" title="Selaphiel">Selaphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barachiel" title="Barachiel">Barachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegudiel" title="Jegudiel">Jegudiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Guardian Angel of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_(angel)" title="Phanuel (angel)">Phanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(angel)" title="Aker (angel)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabuthelon" title="Gabuthelon">Gabuthelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arphugitonos" title="Arphugitonos">Arphugitonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beburos" title="Beburos">Beburos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebuleon" title="Zebuleon">Zebuleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(angel)" title="Daniel (angel)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerubiel" title="Kerubiel">Kerubiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokabiel" title="Kokabiel">Kokabiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Leliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_(angel)" title="Muriel (angel)">Muriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahaliah" title="Pahaliah">Pahaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphiel" title="Seraphiel">Seraphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazaqiel" title="Chazaqiel">Chazaqiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(angel)" title="Dominion (angel)">Dominions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Lordships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Powers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Principalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guardian angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in <br />Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Mikha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Jibra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azra'il</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">ar-Rūḥ</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">ʿAzāzīl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiya%27il" title="Artiya'il">Artiya'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darda%27il" title="Darda'il">Darda'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalqa%27il" title="Kalqa'il">Kalqa'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futrus" title="Futrus">Futrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_(angel)" title="Habib (angel)">Ḥabīb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Riḍwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Mu'qarrabun</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Hafaza</a></i> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guardian angel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Recording angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81zi%27%C4%81t_and_N%C4%81shi%E1%B9%AD%C4%81t" title="Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt">Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras (angels) in <br />Mandaeism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Niṭufta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupna">Gupna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">Heavenly host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_Ars_Paulina" title="List of angels in Ars Paulina">List of angels in Ars Paulina</a></li> <li>Ambiguous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">Chalkydri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioud" title="Elioud">Elioud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">Teraphim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_fiction" title="List of angels in fiction">List of angels in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_philosophy436" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_philosophy436" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mortgage" title="Social mortgage">Social mortgage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/70px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/105px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/140px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="963" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/70px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/105px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/140px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="479" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/70px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/105px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/140px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytical Thomism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_universals" title="Problem of universals">Universals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonic realism">Augustinian realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotistic_realism" title="Scotistic realism">Scotistic realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">Theological intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntarism_(philosophy)" title="Voluntarism (philosophy)">Theological voluntarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundationalism" title="Foundationalism">Foundationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Malebranche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Malebranche">Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Occam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Ratzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Scheler" title="Max Scheler">Scheler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Wojtyła</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actus_essendi" title="Actus essendi">Actus Essendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_primus" title="Actus primus">Actus primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_purus" title="Actus purus">Actus purus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aevum" title="Aevum">Aevum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Cartesian dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum" title="Cogito, ergo sum">Cogito, ergo sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehellenization_of_Christianity" title="Dehellenization of Christianity">Dehellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentia" title="Differentia">Differentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputation" title="Disputation">Disputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_illumination" title="Divine illumination">Divine illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_truth" title="Double truth">Double truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_demon" title="Evil demon">Evil demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_distinction" title="Formal distinction">Formal distinction</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guardian angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_many_angels_can_dance_on_the_head_of_a_pin%3F" title="How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?">Head of a pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_unius_libri" title="Homo unius libri">Homo unius libri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori#In_Europe_from_the_Medieval_era_to_the_Victorian_era" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontological_argument" title="Ontological argument">Ontological argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_axiom" title="Peripatetic axiom">Peripatetic axiom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of double effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment_(Scheler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ressentiment (Scheler)">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_Fortunae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota Fortunae">Rota Fortunae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheler%27s_stratification_of_emotional_life" title="Scheler's stratification of emotional life">Stratification of emotional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">Theodicy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy" title="Augustinian theodicy">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy" title="Irenaean theodicy">Irenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_argument" title="Trademark argument">Trademark argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univocity_of_being" title="Univocity of being">Univocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thelema154" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thelema_series" title="Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thelema_series" title="Template talk:Thelema series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thelema154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternitas_Saturni" title="Fraternitas Saturni">Fraternitas Saturni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">O∴A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn">Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thelemites" title="List of Thelemites">List of Thelemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Allan Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Butts" title="Mary Butts">Mary Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">Lon Milo DuQuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Kenneth Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cecil_Jones" title="George Cecil Jones">George Cecil Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Richard Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Edith_Kelly" title="Rose Edith Kelly">Rose Edith Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady Louis McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogg_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogg Morgan">Mogg Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Reuss" title="Theodor Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Russell" title="C. F. Russell">C. F. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Webster_(writer)" title="Sam Webster (writer)">Sam Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelemic_texts" title="Category:Thelemic texts">Thelemic texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Lies (Crowley)">The Book of Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law"><i>The Book of the Law</i> (<i>Liber AL vel Legis</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clouds_without_Water" title="Clouds without Water">Clouds without Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Works_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="Collected Works of Aleister Crowley">Collected Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">Confessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Drug_Fiend" title="The Diary of a Drug Fiend">The Diary of a Drug Fiend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Lectures_on_Yoga" title="Eight Lectures on Yoga">Eight Lectures on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Equinox" title="The Blue Equinox">The Blue Equinox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konx_Om_Pax" title="Konx Om Pax">Konx Om Pax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_is_for_All" title="The Law is for All">The Law is for All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/777_and_Other_Qabalistic_Writings_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley">Liber 777</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Aleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Aleph">Liber Aleph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">Liber OZ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Pennae_Praenumbra" title="Liber Pennae Praenumbra">Liber Pennae Praenumbra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Resh">Liber Resh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Trigrammaton" title="Liber Trigrammaton">Liber Trigrammaton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Essays_Toward_Truth" title="Little Essays Toward Truth">Little Essays Toward Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)">Magick (Book 4)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonchild_(novel)" title="Moonchild (novel)">Moonchild</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stratagem_and_other_Stories" title="The Stratagem and other Stories">The Stratagem and other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_and_the_Voice" title="The Vision and the Voice">The Vision and the Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Stains" title="White Stains">White Stains</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelema#93" title="Thelema">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Thelema">Holy Guardian Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">Stele of Revealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Stellar wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magick</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah_and_wanga" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremony and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagram ritual">Pentagram Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_XV,_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Eleusis" title="Rites of Eleusis">Rites of Eleusis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Godforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuit" title="Nuit">Nuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Heru-ra-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abramelin_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abramelin oil">Abramelin oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">Book of Abramelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianism" title="Dianism">Dianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPSOS" class="mw-redirect" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_alphabet" title="Magical alphabet">Magical alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Lodge" title="Solar Lodge">Solar Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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