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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_and_adult_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_and_adult_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Career and adult life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_and_adult_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_home" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_home"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Family and home </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_home-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Teaching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 Publishing activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Compositions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compositions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Compositions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1950s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1960s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_music_and_Expo_'70" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_music_and_Expo_'70"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Space music and Expo '70 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_music_and_Expo_'70-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1977–2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1977–2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1977–2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1977–2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003–2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003–2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 2003–2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003–2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Musical influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wider_cultural_renown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wider_cultural_renown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Wider cultural renown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wider_cultural_renown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scandal_at_the_Fresco_premiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandal_at_the_Fresco_premiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Scandal at the Fresco premiere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandal_at_the_Fresco_premiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sirius_star_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sirius_star_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Sirius star system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sirius_star_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_September_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_September_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 11 September attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_September_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_students" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_students"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notable students </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_students-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obituaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obituaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Obituaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obituaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Documentary films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Karlheinz Stockhausen</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86" title="كارلهاينز شتوكهاوزن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارلهاينز شتوكهاوزن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A9%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Карлхайнц Щокхаузен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карлхайнц Щокхаузен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Καρλχάιντς Στοκχάουζεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρλχάιντς Στοκχάουζεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86" title="کارل هاینز اشتوکهاوزن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل هاینز اشتوکهاوزن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%B8%A0_%EC%8A%88%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%A0" title="카를하인츠 슈토크하우젠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를하인츠 슈토크하우젠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D6%81_%D5%87%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Կառլհայնց Շտոքհաուզեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառլհայնց Շտոքհաուզեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A5_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F" title="קרלהיינץ שטוקהאוזן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרלהיינץ שטוקהאוזן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კარლჰაინც შტოკჰაუზენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლჰაინც შტოკჰაუზენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Henricus_Stockhausen" title="Carolus Henricus Stockhausen – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Henricus Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheincs_%C5%A0tokhauzens" title="Karlheincs Štokhauzens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karlheincs Štokhauzens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Карлхајнц Штокхаузен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карлхајнц Штокхаузен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86" title="كارلهاينز شتوكهاوزن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارلهاينز شتوكهاوزن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3" title="カールハインツ・シュトックハウゼン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カールハインツ・シュトックハウゼン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Штокхаузен, Карлхайнц – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штокхаузен, Карлхайнц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5_%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86" title="کارڵ ھاینز شتۆکھاوزن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارڵ ھاینز شتۆکھاوزن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Карлхајнц Штокхаузен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карлхајнц Штокхаузен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="คาร์ลไฮนทซ์ ชต็อคเฮาเซิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ลไฮนทซ์ ชต็อคเฮาเซิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Карлгайнц Штокгаузен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карлгайнц Штокгаузен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karlheinz Stockhausen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German composer (1928–2007)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Stockhausen" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stockhausen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Stockhausen (disambiguation)">Stockhausen (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg/290px-Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg/435px-Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg/580px-Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="2227" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen in the <a href="/wiki/Studio_for_Electronic_Music_(WDR)" title="Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)">Electronic Music Studio of the WDR</a>, 1994</figcaption></figure> Karlheinz Stockhausen (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>German: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[kaʁlˈhaɪnts ˈʃtɔkhaʊzn̩]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3d\/KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg\/KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg/KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg" title="File:KarlheinzStockhausenAussprache.ogg">ⓘ</a>; 22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett198845-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1975b705-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins197233-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein1968117-4">[4]</a> but also controversial<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPower199030-5">[5]</a> composers of the <a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">20th</a> and early <a href="/wiki/21st-century_classical_music" title="21st-century classical music">21st</a> centuries. He is known for his groundbreaking work in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, having been called the "father of electronic music",<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> for introducing controlled chance (<a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">aleatory techniques</a>) into <a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">serial composition</a>, and for musical <a href="/wiki/Spatial_music" title="Spatial music">spatialization</a>. He was educated at the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochschule für Musik Köln">Hochschule für Musik Köln</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a>, later studying with <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> in Paris and with <a href="/wiki/Werner_Meyer-Eppler" title="Werner Meyer-Eppler">Werner Meyer-Eppler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>. As one of the leading figures of the <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_School" title="Darmstadt School">Darmstadt School</a>, his compositions and theories were and remain widely influential, not only on composers of <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>, but also on <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>. His works, composed over a period of nearly sixty years, eschew traditional forms. In addition to electronic music—both with and without live performers—they range from miniatures for <a href="/wiki/Musical_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical box">musical boxes</a> through works for solo instruments, songs, <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choral</a> and orchestral music, to a cycle of seven full-length operas. His <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">theoretical</a> and other writings comprise ten large volumes. He received numerous prizes and distinctions for his compositions, recordings, and for the scores produced by his publishing company. His notable compositions include the series of nineteen <a href="/wiki/Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Stockhausen)" title="Klavierstücke (Stockhausen)">Klavierstücke</a> (Piano Pieces), <a href="/wiki/Kontra-Punkte" title="Kontra-Punkte">Kontra-Punkte</a> for ten instruments, the electronic/<a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique-concrète</a> <a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglinge" title="Gesang der Jünglinge">Gesang der Jünglinge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gruppen" title="Gruppen">Gruppen</a> for three orchestras, the percussion solo <a href="/wiki/Zyklus" title="Zyklus">Zyklus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kontakte" title="Kontakte">Kontakte</a>, the cantata <a href="/wiki/Momente" title="Momente">Momente</a>, the live-electronic <a href="/wiki/Mikrophonie_(Stockhausen)" title="Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)">Mikrophonie I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stimmung" title="Stimmung">Stimmung</a> for six vocalists, <a href="/wiki/Aus_den_sieben_Tagen" title="Aus den sieben Tagen">Aus den sieben Tagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantra_(Stockhausen)" title="Mantra (Stockhausen)">Mantra</a> for two pianos and electronics, <a href="/wiki/Tierkreis_(Stockhausen)" title="Tierkreis (Stockhausen)">Tierkreis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inori_(Stockhausen)" title="Inori (Stockhausen)">Inori</a> for soloists and orchestra, and the gigantic opera cycle <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a>. He died at the age of 79, on 5 December 2007 at his home in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrten" title="Kürten">Kürten</a>, Germany. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood">edit</a>]</div> Stockhausen was born in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6drath#Alt-Mödrath_(Old_Mödrath)" title="Mödrath">Burg Mödrath</a>, the "castle" of the village of Mödrath. The village, located near <a href="/wiki/Kerpen" title="Kerpen">Kerpen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> region, was displaced in 1956 to make way for <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> strip mining, but the castle itself still stands. Despite its name, the building is more a manor house than a castle. Built in 1830 by a local businessman named Arend, it was called by locals Burg Mödrath. From 1925 to 1932 it was the maternity home of the <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Bergheim district</a>, and after the war it served for a time as a shelter for war refugees. In 1950, the owners, the Düsseldorf chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Knights of Malta</a>, turned it into an orphanage, but it was subsequently returned to private ownership and became a private residence again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.n.d.-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1950-8">[8]</a> In 2017, an anonymous patron purchased the house and opened it in April 2017 as an exhibition space for modern art, with the first floor to be used as the permanent home of the museum of the <a href="/wiki/Studio_for_Electronic_Music_(WDR)" title="Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)">WDR Electronic Music Studio</a>, where Stockhausen had worked from 1953 until shortly before WDR closed the studio in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBos2017-9">[9]</a> His father, Simon Stockhausen, was a <a href="/wiki/Schoolteacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoolteacher">schoolteacher</a>, and his mother Gertrud (née Stupp) was the daughter of a prosperous family of farmers in Neurath in the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Bight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne Bight">Cologne Bight</a>. A daughter, Katherina, was born the year after Karlheinz, and a second son, Hermann-Josef ("Hermännchen") followed in 1932. Gertrud played the piano and accompanied her own singing but, after three pregnancies in as many years, experienced a mental breakdown and was <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">institutionalized</a> in December 1932, followed a few months later by the death of her younger son, Hermann.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz19928,_11,_13-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg/220px-Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg/330px-Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg/440px-Altenberger_Dom_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Altenberger_Dom" title="Altenberger Dom">Altenberger Dom</a>, c. 1925, where Stockhausen had his first music lessons</figcaption></figure> From the age of seven, Stockhausen lived in <a href="/wiki/Altenberg_(Bergisches_Land)" title="Altenberg (Bergisches Land)">Altenberg</a>, where he received his first piano lessons from the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">organist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Altenberger_Dom" title="Altenberger Dom">Altenberger Dom</a>, Franz-Josef Kloth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199214-11">[11]</a> In 1938, his father remarried. His new wife, Luzia, had been the family's housekeeper. The couple had two daughters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218-12">[12]</a> Because his relationship with his new stepmother was less than happy, in January 1942 Karlheinz became a boarder at the teachers' training college in <a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>, where he continued his piano training and also studied oboe and violin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218-12">[12]</a> In 1941, he learned that his mother had died, ostensibly from leukemia, although everyone at the same hospital had supposedly died of the same disease. It was generally understood that she had been a victim of the Nazi policy of killing "<a href="/wiki/Action_T4#Killing_of_adults" class="mw-redirect" title="Action T4">useless eaters</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a20–21-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199219-14">[14]</a> The official letter to the family falsely claimed she had died 16 June 1941, but recent research by Lisa Quernes, a student at the Landesmusikgymnasium in <a href="/wiki/Montabaur" title="Montabaur">Montabaur</a>, has determined that she was murdered in the gas chamber, along with 89 other people, at the <a href="/wiki/Hadamar_Killing_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadamar Killing Facility">Hadamar Killing Facility</a> in Hesse-Nassau on 27 May 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2014-15">[15]</a> Stockhausen dramatized his mother's death in hospital by lethal injection, in Act 1 scene 2 ("<a href="/wiki/Donnerstag_aus_Licht#Scene_2:_Mondeva" title="Donnerstag aus Licht">Mondeva</a>") of the opera <a href="/wiki/Donnerstag_aus_Licht" title="Donnerstag aus Licht">Donnerstag aus Licht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992213-16">[16]</a> In late 1944, Stockhausen was conscripted to serve as a stretcher bearer in <a href="/wiki/Bedburg" title="Bedburg">Bedburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218-12">[12]</a> In February 1945, he met his father for the last time in Altenberg. Simon, who was on leave from the front, told his son, "I'm not coming back. Look after things." By the end of the war, his father was regarded as missing in action, and may have been killed in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199219-14">[14]</a> A comrade later reported to Karlheinz that he saw his father wounded in action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie200519-17">[17]</a> Fifty-five years after the fact, a journalist writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> stated that Simon Stockhausen was killed in Hungary in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mahony2001-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> From 1947 to 1951, Stockhausen studied music <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a> and piano at the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochschule für Musik Köln">Hochschule für Musik Köln</a> (Cologne Conservatory of Music) and <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicology</a>, philosophy, and <a href="/wiki/German_studies" title="German studies">German studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a>. He had training in <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a>, the latter with <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schroeder" title="Hermann Schroeder">Hermann Schroeder</a>, but he did not develop a real interest in <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a> until 1950. He was admitted at the end of that year to the class of Swiss composer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Martin_(composer)" title="Frank Martin (composer)">Frank Martin</a>, who had just begun a seven-year tenure in Cologne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199228-19">[19]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A4dter_Ferienkurse" title="Darmstädter Ferienkurse">Darmstädter Ferienkurse</a> in 1951, Stockhausen met Belgian composer <a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Karel Goeyvaerts</a>, who had just completed studies with <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> (analysis) and <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a> (composition) in Paris, and Stockhausen resolved to do likewise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199234–36-20">[20]</a> He arrived in Paris on 8 January 1952 and began attending Messiaen's courses in aesthetics and analysis, as well as Milhaud's composition classes. He continued with Messiaen for a year, but he was disappointed with Milhaud and abandoned his lessons after a few weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245–48-21">[21]</a> In March 1953, he left Paris to take up a position as assistant to <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Eimert" title="Herbert Eimert">Herbert Eimert</a> at the newly established <a href="/wiki/Studio_for_Electronic_Music_(WDR)" title="Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)">Electronic Music Studio</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nordwestdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk">Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk</a> (NWDR) (from 1 January 1955, <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">Westdeutscher Rundfunk</a>, or WDR) in Cologne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199256–57-22">[22]</a> In 1963, he succeeded Eimert as director of the studio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorawska-Büngeler198819-23">[23]</a> From 1954 to 1956, he studied phonetics, acoustics, and information theory with <a href="/wiki/Werner_Meyer-Eppler" title="Werner Meyer-Eppler">Werner Meyer-Eppler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199268–72-24">[24]</a> Together with Eimert, Stockhausen edited the journal <a href="/wiki/Die_Reihe" title="Die Reihe">Die Reihe</a> from 1955 to 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant20011–2-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_and_adult_life">Career and adult life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career and adult life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Family_and_home">Family and home</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family and home">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg/220px-St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg/330px-St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg/440px-St._im_Garten_Mai_2005_RGB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen in the garden of his home in Kürten, 2005</figcaption></figure> On 29 December 1951, in Hamburg, Stockhausen married <a href="/wiki/Doris_Stockhausen" title="Doris Stockhausen">Doris Andreae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie200547-27">[27]</a> Together they had four children: Suja (b. 1953), Christel (b. 1956), <a href="/wiki/Markus_Stockhausen" title="Markus Stockhausen">Markus</a> (b. 1957), and Majella (b. 1961).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199290-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198794-29">[29]</a> They were divorced in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathert2013-30">[30]</a> On 3 April 1967, in San Francisco, he married <a href="/wiki/Mary_Bauermeister" title="Mary Bauermeister">Mary Bauermeister</a>, with whom he had two children: Julika (b. 22 January 1966) and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stockhausen" title="Simon Stockhausen">Simon</a> (b. 1967).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992141,_149-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198795-32">[32]</a> They were divorced in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERathert2013-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a> Four of Stockhausen's children became professional musicians,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992202-34">[34]</a> and he composed some of his works specifically for them. A large number of pieces for the trumpet—from <a href="/wiki/Sirius_(Stockhausen)" title="Sirius (Stockhausen)">Sirius</a> (1975–77) to the trumpet version of <a href="/wiki/In_Freundschaft" title="In Freundschaft">In Freundschaft</a> (1997)—were composed for and premièred by his son Markus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992208-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEM._Stockhausen199813–16-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198761-37">[37]</a> Markus, at the age of 4 years, had performed the part of The Child in the Cologne première of <a href="/wiki/Originale" title="Originale">Originale</a>, alternating performances with his sister Christel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005220-38">[38]</a> Klavierstück XII and Klavierstück XIII (and their versions as scenes from the operas Donnerstag aus Licht and <a href="/wiki/Samstag_aus_Licht" title="Samstag aus Licht">Samstag aus Licht</a>) were written for his daughter Majella, and were first performed by her at the ages of 16 and 20, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005430,_443-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:190,_255,_274-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''6:64,_373-41">[41]</a> The saxophone duet in the second act of Donnerstag aus Licht, and a number of synthesizer parts in the Licht operas, including Klavierstück XV ("Synthi-Fou") from <a href="/wiki/Dienstag_aus_Licht" title="Dienstag aus Licht">Dienstag</a>, were composed for his son Simon,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992222-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005480,_489-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:186,_529-44">[44]</a> who also assisted his father in the production of the electronic music from <a href="/wiki/Freitag_aus_Licht" title="Freitag aus Licht">Freitag aus Licht</a>. His daughter Christel is a flautist who performed and gave a course on interpretation of Tierkreis in 1977,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:105-45">[45]</a> later published as an article.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEC._Stockhausen1978-46">[46]</a> In 1961, Stockhausen acquired a parcel of land in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrten" title="Kürten">Kürten</a>, a village east of Cologne, near <a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bergisches_Land" title="Bergisches Land">Bergisches Land</a>. He had a house built there, which was designed to his specifications by the architect Erich Schneider-Wessling, and he resided there from its completion in the autumn of 1965.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992116–117,_137–138-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teaching">Teaching</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Teaching">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002,_Darmstadt,_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F004566-0002%2C_Darmstadt%2C_Internationaler_Kurs_f%C3%BCr_neue_Musik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen lecturing at the 12th <a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A4dter_Ferienkurse" title="Darmstädter Ferienkurse">International Summer Courses for New Music</a> in Darmstadt, 1957</figcaption></figure> After lecturing at the <a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A4dter_Ferienkurse" title="Darmstädter Ferienkurse">Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik</a> at Darmstadt (first in 1953), Stockhausen gave lectures and concerts in Europe, North America, and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102,_14–15-48">[48]</a> He was guest professor of composition at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in 1965 and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a> in 1966–67.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1998-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102–3-50">[50]</a> He founded and directed the Cologne Courses for New Music from 1963 to 1968, and was appointed Professor of Composition at the Hochschule für Musik Köln in 1971, where he taught until 1977.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992126–128,_194-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20103-52">[52]</a> In 1998, he founded the Stockhausen Courses, which are held annually in Kürten.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20106–9,_15-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Publishing_activities">Publishing activities</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publishing activities">edit</a>]</div> From the mid-1950s onward, Stockhausen designed (and in some cases arranged to have printed) his own musical scores for his publisher, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Edition" title="Universal Edition">Universal Edition</a>, which often involved unconventional devices. The score for his piece Refrain, for instance, includes a rotatable (<a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">refrain</a>) on a transparent plastic strip. Early in the 1970s, he ended his agreement with Universal Edition and began publishing his own scores under the Stockhausen-Verlag imprint.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992184-54">[54]</a> This arrangement allowed him to extend his notational innovations (for example, dynamics in Weltparlament [the first scene of <a href="/wiki/Mittwoch_aus_Licht" title="Mittwoch aus Licht">Mittwoch aus Licht</a>] are coded in colour) and resulted in eight German Music Publishers Society Awards between 1992 (Luzifers Tanz) and 2005 (Hoch-Zeiten, from Sonntag aus Licht).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201012–13-55">[55]</a> The Momente score, published just before Stockhausen's death in 2007, won this prize for the ninth time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009-56">[56]</a> In the early 1990s, Stockhausen reacquired the licenses to most of the recordings of his music he had made to that point, and started his own record company to make this music permanently available on Compact Disc.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005477–478-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg/220px-K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg/330px-K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg/440px-K%C3%BCrten_-_Waldfriedhof_-_Stockhausen_01_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen's grave, Waldfriedhof, Kürten</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg/220px-Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg/330px-Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg/440px-Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Grab_R%C3%BCckseite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Grave monument (rear view)</figcaption></figure> Stockhausen died of sudden heart failure on the morning of 5 December 2007 in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrten" title="Kürten">Kürten</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia. The night before, he had finished a recently commissioned work for performance by the <a href="/wiki/Mozart_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart Orchestra">Mozart Orchestra</a> of Bologna.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBäumer2007-58">[58]</a> He was 79 years old. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compositions">Compositions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Compositions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="List of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen">List of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></div> Stockhausen wrote 370 individual works. He often departs radically from musical tradition and his work is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a>, as well as by film<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996b-59">[59]</a> and by painters such as <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996a94-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:92–93-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop1998-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005187-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1950s">edit</a>]</div> Stockhausen began to compose in earnest only during his third year at the conservatory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199226–27-64">[64]</a> His early student compositions remained out of the public eye until, in 1971, he published <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6re_f%C3%BCr_Doris" title="Chöre für Doris">Chöre für Doris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drei_Lieder_(Stockhausen)" title="Drei Lieder (Stockhausen)">Drei Lieder</a> for alto voice and chamber orchestra, Choral for a cappella choir (all three from 1950), and a <a href="/wiki/Sonatine_(Stockhausen)" title="Sonatine (Stockhausen)">Sonatine</a> for violin and piano (1951).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie19905–6,_11-65">[65]</a> In August 1951, just after his first Darmstadt visit, Stockhausen began working with a form of <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">athematic</a> <a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">serial</a> composition that rejected the <a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">twelve-tone technique</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelder197792-66">[66]</a> He characterized many of these earliest compositions (together with the music of other, like-minded composers of the period) as <a href="/wiki/Punctualism" title="Punctualism">punktuelle Musik</a>, "punctual" or "pointist" music, commonly mistranslated as "pointillist", though one critic concluded after analysing several of these early works that Stockhausen "never really composed punctually".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESabbe1981-67">[67]</a> Compositions from this phase include <a href="/wiki/Kreuzspiel" title="Kreuzspiel">Kreuzspiel</a> (1951), the <a href="/wiki/Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Stockhausen)" title="Klavierstücke (Stockhausen)">Klavierstücke I–IV</a> (1952—the fourth of this first set of four Klavierstücke, titled Klavierstück IV, is specifically cited by Stockhausen as an example of "punctual music",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:19-68">[68]</a> and the first (unpublished) versions of <a href="/wiki/Punkte" title="Punkte">Punkte</a> and Kontra-Punkte (1952).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:20-69">[69]</a> However, several works from these same years show Stockhausen formulating his "first really ground-breaking contribution to the theory and, above all, practice of composition", that of "group composition", found in Stockhausen's works as early as 1952 and continuing throughout his compositional career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop20053-70">[70]</a> This principle was first publicly described by Stockhausen in a radio talk from December 1955, titled "Gruppenkomposition: <a href="/wiki/Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Stockhausen)" title="Klavierstücke (Stockhausen)">Klavierstück I</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:63–74-71">[71]</a> In December 1952, he composed a Konkrete Etüde, realized in <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a>'s Paris <a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> studio. In March 1953, he moved to the NWDR studio in Cologne and turned to <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> with two <a href="/wiki/Studie_II" title="Studie II">Electronic Studies</a> (1953 and 1954), and then introducing spatial placements of sound sources with his mixed concrète and electronic work <a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglinge" title="Gesang der Jünglinge">Gesang der Jünglinge</a> (1955–56). Experiences gained from the Studies made plain that it was an unacceptable oversimplification to regard timbres as stable entities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:56-72">[72]</a> Reinforced by his studies with Meyer-Eppler, beginning in 1955, Stockhausen formulated new "statistical" criteria for composition, focussing attention on the <a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">aleatoric</a>, directional tendencies of sound movement, "the change from one state to another, with or without returning motion, as opposed to a fixed state".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecroupet_and_Ungeheuer199898–99-73">[73]</a> Stockhausen later wrote, describing this period in his compositional work, "The first revolution occurred from 1952/53 as musique concrète, electronic tape music, and space music, entailing composition with transformers, generators, modulators, magnetophones, etc; the integration of all concrete and abstract (synthetic) sound possibilities (also all noises), and the controlled projection of sound in space".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> His position as "the leading German composer of his generation"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2001-75">[75]</a> was established with Gesang der Jünglinge and three concurrently composed pieces in different media: <a href="/wiki/Zeitma%C3%9Fe" title="Zeitmaße">Zeitmaße</a> for five woodwinds, Gruppen for three orchestras, and <a href="/wiki/Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Stockhausen)" title="Klavierstücke (Stockhausen)">Klavierstück XI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1998a61-76">[76]</a> The principles underlying the latter three compositions are presented in Stockhausen's best-known theoretical article, "... wie die Zeit vergeht ..." ("... How Time Passes ..."), first published in 1957 in vol. 3 of <a href="/wiki/Die_Reihe" title="Die Reihe">Die Reihe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:99–139-77">[77]</a> His work with electronic music and its utter fixity led him to explore modes of instrumental and vocal music in which performers' individual capabilities and the circumstances of a particular performance (e.g., hall acoustics) may determine certain aspects of a composition. He called this "variable form".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWörner1973101–105-78">[78]</a> In other cases, a work may be presented from a number of different perspectives. In <a href="/wiki/Zyklus" title="Zyklus">Zyklus</a> (1959), for example, he began using <a href="/wiki/Graphic_notation_(music)" title="Graphic notation (music)">graphic notation</a> for instrumental music. The <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">score</a> is written so that the performance can start on any page, and it may be read upside down, or from right to left, as the performer chooses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_73–100-79">[79]</a> Still other works permit different routes through the constituent parts. Stockhausen called both of these possibilities "polyvalent form",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:241–251-80">[80]</a> which may be either <a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music#"Open_form"_chance_music" title="Aleatoric music">open form</a> (essentially incomplete, pointing beyond its frame), as with Klavierstück XI (1956), or "closed form" (complete and self-contained) as with Momente (1962–64/69).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaletha200497–98-81">[81]</a> In many of his works, elements are played off against one another, simultaneously and successively: in Kontra-Punkte ("Against Points", 1952–53), which, in its revised form became his official "opus 1", a process leading from an initial "point" texture of isolated notes toward a florid, ornamental ending is opposed by a tendency from diversity (six timbres, dynamics, and durations) toward uniformity (timbre of solo piano, a nearly constant soft dynamic, and fairly even durations).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_20–21-82">[82]</a> In Gruppen (1955–57), fanfares and passages of varying speed (superimposed durations based on the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a>) are occasionally flung between three full orchestras, giving the impression of movement in space.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005486-83">[83]</a> In his <a href="/wiki/Kontakte" title="Kontakte">Kontakte</a> for electronic sounds (optionally with piano and percussion) (1958–60), he achieved for the first time an <a href="/wiki/Isomorphism" title="Isomorphism">isomorphism</a> of the four parameters of pitch, duration, dynamics, and timbre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen196240-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1960s">edit</a>]</div> In 1960, Stockhausen returned to the composition of vocal music (for the first time since Gesang der Jünglinge) with <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_(Stockhausen)" title="Carré (Stockhausen)">Carré</a> for four orchestras and four choirs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201018-85">[85]</a> Two years later, he began an expansive <a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">cantata</a> titled Momente (1962–64/69), for solo soprano, four choir groups and thirteen instrumentalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201018-85">[85]</a> In 1963, Stockhausen created <a href="/wiki/Plus-Minus_(Stockhausen)" title="Plus-Minus (Stockhausen)">Plus-Minus</a>, "2 × 7 pages for realisation" containing basic note materials and a complex system of transformations to which those materials are to be subjected in order to produce an unlimited number of different compositions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201020-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2005175–178-87">[87]</a> Through the rest of the 1960s, he continued to explore such possibilities of "<a href="/wiki/Process_music" title="Process music">process composition</a>" in works for live performance, such as Prozession (1967), <a href="/wiki/Kurzwellen" title="Kurzwellen">Kurzwellen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spiral_(Stockhausen)" title="Spiral (Stockhausen)">Spiral</a> (both 1968), culminating in the verbally described "intuitive music" compositions of <a href="/wiki/Aus_den_sieben_Tagen" title="Aus den sieben Tagen">Aus den sieben Tagen</a> (1968) and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCr_kommende_Zeiten" title="Für kommende Zeiten">Für kommende Zeiten</a> (1968–70).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritsch1979-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193,_227–251-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1998b7-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2005191–192-91">[91]</a> Some of his later works, such as <a href="/wiki/Ylem_(Stockhausen)" title="Ylem (Stockhausen)">Ylem</a> (1972) and the first three parts of <a href="/wiki/Herbstmusik" title="Herbstmusik">Herbstmusik</a> (1974), also fall under this rubric.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005254,_366–368-92">[92]</a> Several of these process compositions were featured in the all-day programmes presented at Expo 70, for which Stockhausen composed two more similar pieces, Pole for two players, and Expo for three.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005323–324-94">[94]</a> In other compositions, such as Stop for orchestra (1965), <a href="/wiki/Adieu_(Stockhausen)" title="Adieu (Stockhausen)">Adieu</a> for wind quintet (1966), and the Dr. K Sextett, which was written in 1968–69 in honour of Alfred Kalmus of Universal Edition, he presented his performers with more restricted improvisational possibilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262,_267–268,_319–320-95">[95]</a> He pioneered live electronics in <a href="/wiki/Mixtur" title="Mixtur">Mixtur</a> (1964/67/2003) for orchestra and electronics,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl198151–163-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikrophonie_(Stockhausen)" title="Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)">Mikrophonie I</a> (1964) for <a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam-tam">tam-tam</a>, two microphones, two filters with <a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">potentiometers</a> (6 players),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1972-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005255–257-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikrophonie_(Stockhausen)" title="Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)">Mikrophonie II</a> (1965) for choir, <a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a>, and four <a href="/wiki/Ring_modulation" title="Ring modulation">ring modulators</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1992-99">[99]</a> and Solo for a melody instrument with feedback (1966).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262–265-100">[100]</a> Improvisation also plays a part in all of these works, but especially in Solo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005264-101">[101]</a> He also composed two electronic works for <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape</a>, Telemusik (1966) and <a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a> (1966–67).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2002-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201021-103">[103]</a> The latter also exists in a version with partially improvising soloists, and the third of its four "regions" in a version with orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201021-103">[103]</a> At this time, Stockhausen also began to incorporate pre-existent music from world traditions into his compositions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl198193–95-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4,_468–476-105">[105]</a> Telemusik was the first overt example of this trend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl200296-106">[106]</a> In 1968, Stockhausen composed the vocal sextet <a href="/wiki/Stimmung" title="Stimmung">Stimmung</a>, for the <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Vocale_K%C3%B6ln" title="Collegium Vocale Köln">Collegium Vocale Köln</a>, an hour-long work based entirely on the <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtones</a> of a low <a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="B♭ (musical note)">B-flat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop200539-107">[107]</a> In the following year, he created <a href="/wiki/Fresco_(Stockhausen)" title="Fresco (Stockhausen)">Fresco</a> for four orchestral groups, a Wandelmusik ("foyer music") composition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321-108">[108]</a> This was intended to be played for about five hours in the foyers and grounds of the Beethovenhalle auditorium complex in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, before, after, and during a group of (in part simultaneous) concerts of his music in the auditoriums of the facility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321–323-109">[109]</a> The overall project was given the title Musik für die Beethovenhalle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005296-110">[110]</a> This had precedents in two collective-composition seminar projects that Stockhausen gave at Darmstadt in 1967 and 1968: Ensemble and Musik für ein Haus,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGehlhaar1968-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzel1970-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIddon2004-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321-108">[108]</a> and would have successors in the "park music" composition for five spatially separated groups, <a href="/wiki/Sternklang" title="Sternklang">Sternklang</a> ("Star Sounds") of 1971, the orchestral work Trans, composed in the same year and the thirteen simultaneous "musical scenes for soloists and duets" titled <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_f%C3%BCr_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Alphabet für Liège">Alphabet für Liège</a> (1972).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005334–336,_338,_341–343-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_music_and_Expo_'70">Space music and Expo '70</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Space music and Expo '70">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg/220px-Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg/440px-Osaka_Expo%2770_Korean_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The German Pavilion at Expo '70 (the spherical auditorium is out of view to the right)</figcaption></figure> Since the mid-1950s, Stockhausen had been developing concepts of <a href="/wiki/Spatial_music" title="Spatial music">spatialization</a> in his works, not only in electronic music, such as the 5-channel <a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglinge" title="Gesang der Jünglinge">Gesang der Jünglinge</a> (1955–56) and <a href="/wiki/Telemusik" title="Telemusik">Telemusik</a> (1966), and 4-channel <a href="/wiki/Kontakte" title="Kontakte">Kontakte</a> (1958–60) and <a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a> (1966–67). Instrumental/vocal works like Gruppen for three orchestras (1955–57) and Carré for four orchestras and four choirs (1959–60) also exhibit this trait.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:71–72,_49–50,_102–103-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a105–108-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECott1973200–201-117">[117]</a> In lectures such as "Music in Space" from 1958,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:152–175-118">[118]</a> he called for new kinds of concert halls to be built, "suited to the requirements of spatial music". His idea was <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">a spherical space which is fitted all around with loudspeakers. In the middle of this spherical space a sound-permeable, transparent platform would be suspended for the listeners. They could hear music composed for such standardized spaces coming from above, from below and from all points of the compass.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:153-119">[119]</a></blockquote> In 1968, the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> government invited Stockhausen to collaborate on the German Pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/Expo_%2770" title="Expo '70">1970 World Fair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> and to create a joint multimedia project for it with artist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Piene" title="Otto Piene">Otto Piene</a>. Other collaborators on the project included the pavilion's architect, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bornemann" title="Fritz Bornemann">Fritz Bornemann</a>, Fritz Winckel, director of the Electronic Music Studio at <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a>, and engineer Max Mengeringhausen. The pavilion theme was "gardens of music", in keeping with which Bornemann intended "planting" the exhibition halls beneath a broad lawn, with a connected auditorium "sprouting" above ground. Initially, Bornemann conceived this auditorium in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>, with a central orchestra podium and surrounding audience space. In the summer of 1968, Stockhausen met with Bornemann and persuaded him to change this conception to a spherical space with the audience in the centre, surrounded by loudspeaker groups in seven rings at different "latitudes" around the interior walls of the sphere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992166-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFöllmer1996-121">[121]</a> Although Stockhausen and Piene's planned multimedia project, titled Hinab-Hinauf, was developed in detail,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:155–174-122">[122]</a> the World Fair committee rejected their concept as too extravagant and instead asked Stockhausen to present daily five-hour programs of his music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992178-123">[123]</a> Stockhausen's works were performed for 5½ hours every day over a period of 183 days to a total audience of about a million listeners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWörner1973256-124">[124]</a> According to Stockhausen's biographer, Michael Kurtz, "Many visitors felt the spherical auditorium to be an oasis of calm amidst the general hubbub, and after a while it became one of the main attractions of Expo 1970".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992179-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1970s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shiraz_37.jpg/220px-Shiraz_37.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shiraz_37.jpg/330px-Shiraz_37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shiraz_37.jpg/440px-Shiraz_37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen (front centre) at the mixing desk for a performance by <a href="/wiki/Aloys_and_Alfons_Kontarsky" title="Aloys and Alfons Kontarsky">Alfons and Aloys Kontarsky</a> of Mantra, <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Arts_Festival" title="Shiraz Arts Festival">Shiraz Arts Festival</a>, Iran, 1972</figcaption></figure> Beginning with <a href="/wiki/Mantra_(Stockhausen)" title="Mantra (Stockhausen)">Mantra</a> for two pianos and electronics (1970), Stockhausen turned to <a href="/wiki/Formula_composition" title="Formula composition">formula composition</a>, a technique which involves the projection and multiplication of a single, double, or triple <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</a>-line formula.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84a-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1990-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2004-128">[128]</a> Sometimes, as in Mantra and the large orchestral composition with mime soloists, Inori, the simple formula is stated at the outset as an introduction. He continued to use this technique (e.g., in the two related solo-clarinet pieces, Harlekin [Harlequin] and Der kleine Harlekin [The Little Harlequin] of 1975, and the orchestral <a href="/wiki/Jubil%C3%A4um" title="Jubiläum">Jubiläum</a> [Jubilee] of 1977) through the completion of the opera-cycle Licht in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumröder1982-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConen1991-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84a-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1990-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1993-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2004-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201010-132">[132]</a> Some works from the 1970s did not employ formula technique—e.g., the vocal duet "<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_f%C3%BCr_Li%C3%A8ge#Indianerlieder" title="Alphabet für Liège">Am Himmel wandre ich</a>" (In the Sky I am Walking, one of the 13 components of the multimedia Alphabet für Liège, 1972, which Stockhausen developed in conversation with the British biophysicist and lecturer on mystical aspects of sound vibration <a href="/wiki/Jill_Purce" title="Jill Purce">Jill Purce</a>), "Laub und Regen" (Leaves and Rain, from the theatre piece Herbstmusik (1974), the unaccompanied-clarinet composition <a href="/wiki/Amour_(Stockhausen)" title="Amour (Stockhausen)">Amour</a>, and the choral opera <a href="/wiki/Atmen_gibt_das_Leben" title="Atmen gibt das Leben">Atmen gibt das Leben</a> (Breathing Gives Life, 1974/77)—but nevertheless share its simpler, melodically oriented style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConen199157-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992192–193-134">[134]</a> Two such pieces, Tierkreis ("Zodiac", 1974–75) and <a href="/wiki/In_Freundschaft" title="In Freundschaft">In Freundschaft</a> (In Friendship, 1977, a solo piece with versions for virtually every orchestral instrument), have become Stockhausen's most widely performed and recorded compositions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2007a-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeruchie2007-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENordin2004-137">[137]</a> This dramatic simplification of style provided a model for a new generation of German composers, loosely associated under the label neue Einfachheit or <a href="/wiki/New_Simplicity" title="New Simplicity">New Simplicity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndraschke1981-138">[138]</a> The best-known of these composers is <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a>, who studied with Stockhausen in 1972–73. His orchestral composition Sub-Kontur (1974–75) quotes the formula of Stockhausen's Inori (1973–74), and he has also acknowledged the influence of Momente on this work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrobenius198153_+_note_59–60-139">[139]</a> Other large works by Stockhausen from this decade include the orchestral <a href="/wiki/Trans_(Stockhausen)" title="Trans (Stockhausen)">Trans</a> (1971) and two music-theatre compositions utilizing the Tierkreis melodies: <a href="/wiki/Musik_im_Bauch" title="Musik im Bauch">Musik im Bauch</a> ("Music in the Belly") for six percussionists (1975), and the science-fiction "opera" <a href="/wiki/Sirius_(Stockhausen)" title="Sirius (Stockhausen)">Sirius</a> (1975–77) for eight-channel electronic music with soprano, bass, trumpet, and bass clarinet, which has four different versions for the four seasons, each lasting over an hour and a half.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201024–25-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg/170px-Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg/255px-Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg/340px-Stockhausen_March_2004_excerpt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen in 2004 during the mix-down of the recording of Angel Processions from <a href="/wiki/Sonntag_aus_Licht" title="Sonntag aus Licht">Sonntag aus Licht</a>, in Sound Studio N, Cologne</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1977–2003">1977–2003</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1977–2003">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a></div> Between 1977 and 2003, Stockhausen composed seven operas in a cycle titled <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht: Die sieben Tage der Woche</a> ("Light: The Seven Days of the Week").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005403–544-141">[141]</a> The Licht cycle deals with the traits associated in various historical traditions with each weekday (Monday = birth and fertility, Tuesday = conflict and war, Wednesday = reconciliation and cooperation, Thursday = traveling and learning, etc.) and with the relationships between three archetypal characters: <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Eve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84b489-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''6:152–156,_175,_200–201-143">[143]</a> Each of these characters dominates one of the operas (Donnerstag [Thursday], Samstag [Saturday], and Montag [Monday], respectively), the three possible pairings are foregrounded in three others, and the equal combination of all three is featured in Mittwoch (Wednesday).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1990274-144">[144]</a> Stockhausen's conception of opera was based significantly on ceremony and ritual, with influence from the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a> theatre,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen,_Conen,_and_Hennlich1989282-145">[145]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vedic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic mythology">Vedic</a> traditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruno1999134-146">[146]</a> In 1968, at the time of the composition of Aus den sieben Tagen, Stockhausen had read a biography by <a href="/wiki/Satprem" title="Satprem">Satprem</a> about the Bengali guru <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuerrieri2009-147">[147]</a> and subsequently he also read many of the published writings by Aurobindo himself. The title of Licht owes something to Aurobindo's theory of "<a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a>" (the Hindu and Vedic fire deity), developed from two basic premises of nuclear physics; Stockhausen's definition of a formula and, especially, his conception of the Licht superformula, also owes a great deal to Sri Aurobindo's category of the "supramental".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2003227-148">[148]</a> Similarly, his approach to voice and text sometimes departed from traditional usage: Characters were as likely to be portrayed by instrumentalists or dancers as by singers, and a few parts of Licht (e.g., Luzifers Traum from Samstag, Welt-Parlament from Mittwoch, Lichter-Wasser and Hoch-Zeiten from Sonntag) use written or improvised texts in simulated or invented languages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84b499-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoritz2005-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen199918–25-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2001b20-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200320-153">[153]</a> The seven operas were not composed in "weekday order" but rather starting (apart from Jahreslauf in 1977, which became the first act of Dienstag) with the "solo" operas and working toward the more complex ones: Donnerstag (1978–80), Samstag (1981–83), Montag (1984–88), Dienstag (1977/1987–91), Freitag (1991–94), Mittwoch (1995–97), and finally Sonntag (1998–2003).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20103–7,_26–48-154">[154]</a> Stockhausen had dreams of flying throughout his life, and these dreams are reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Helikopter-Streichquartett" title="Helikopter-Streichquartett">Helikopter-Streichquartett</a> (the third scene of Mittwoch aus Licht), completed in 1993. In it, the four members of a <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a> perform in four <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> flying independent flight paths over the countryside near the concert hall. The sounds they play are mixed together with the sounds of the helicopters and played through speakers to the audience in the hall. Videos of the performers are also transmitted back to the concert hall. The performers are synchronized with the aid of a <a href="/wiki/Click_track" title="Click track">click track</a>, transmitted to them and heard over headphones.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996c215-155">[155]</a> The first performance of the piece took place in Amsterdam on 26 June 1995, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Festival" title="Holland Festival">Holland Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996c216-156">[156]</a> Despite its extremely unusual nature, the piece has been given several performances, including one on 22 August 2003 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> to open the Hangar-7 venue,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20107-157">[157]</a> and the German première on 17 June 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a> as part of the Stadt der Wissenschaft 2007 Festival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Stiftung2007-158">[158]</a> The work has also been recorded by the <a href="/wiki/Arditti_Quartet" title="Arditti Quartet">Arditti Quartet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In 1999 he was invited by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Fink" title="Walter Fink">Walter Fink</a> to be the ninth composer featured in the annual <a href="/wiki/Rheingau_Musik_Festival#Portraits_of_living_composers" title="Rheingau Musik Festival">Komponistenporträt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rheingau_Musik_Festival" title="Rheingau Musik Festival">Rheingau Musik Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERheingau_Musik_Festival2017-160">[160]</a> In 1999, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> producer Rodney Wilson asked Stockhausen to collaborate with <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Quay" title="Brothers Quay">Stephen and Timothy Quay</a> on a film for the fourth series of Sound on Film International. Although Stockhausen's music had been used for films previously (most notably, parts of <a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Roeg" title="Nicolas Roeg">Nicolas Roeg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Walkabout_(film)" title="Walkabout (film)">Walkabout</a> in 1971), this was the first time he had been asked to provide music specially for the purpose. He adapted 21 minutes of material taken from his electronic music for Freitag aus Licht, calling the result Zwei Paare (Two Couples), and the Brothers Quay created their animated film, which they titled In Absentia, based only on their reactions to the music and the simple suggestion that a window might be an idea to use.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2001-161">[161]</a> When, at a preview screening, Stockhausen saw the film, which shows a madwoman writing letters from a bleak asylum cell, he was moved to tears. The Brothers Quay were astonished to learn that his mother had been "imprisoned by the Nazis in an asylum, where she later died. ... This was a very moving moment for us as well, especially because we had made the film without knowing any of this".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAita2001-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003–2007">2003–2007</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2003–2007">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg/220px-Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg/330px-Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg/440px-Stockhausen%2BAntonio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen and Antonio Pérez Abellán during a recording session in 2007 for Natürliche Dauern, the Third Hour of Klang</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Klang (Stockhausen)</a></div> After completing Licht, Stockhausen embarked on a new cycle of compositions based on the hours of the day, <a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Klang</a> ("Sound"). Twenty-one of these pieces were completed before Stockhausen's death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201049–50-163">[163]</a> The first four works from this cycle are First Hour: Himmelfahrt (Ascension), for organ or synthesizer, soprano and tenor (2004–2005); Second Hour: Freude (Joy) for two harps (2005); Third Hour: Natürliche Dauern (Natural Durations) for piano (2005–2006); and Fourth Hour: Himmels-Tür (Heaven's Door) for a percussionist and a little girl (2005).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201049-164">[164]</a> The Fifth Hour, Harmonien (Harmonies), is a solo in three versions for flute, bass clarinet, and trumpet (2006).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201049-164">[164]</a> The Sixth through Twelfth hours are chamber-music works based on the material from the Fifth Hour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201049-164">[164]</a> The Thirteenth Hour, <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Pulses" title="Cosmic Pulses">Cosmic Pulses</a>, is an electronic work made by superimposing 24 layers of sound, each having its own spatial motion, among eight loudspeakers placed around the concert hall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2007a-165">[165]</a> Hours 14 through 21 are solo pieces for bass voice, baritone voice, basset-horn, horn, tenor voice, soprano voice, soprano saxophone, and flute, respectively, each with electronic accompaniment of a different set of three layers from <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Pulses" title="Cosmic Pulses">Cosmic Pulses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201050-166">[166]</a> The twenty-one completed pieces were first performed together as a cycle at the Festival MusikTriennale Köln on 8–9 May 2010, in 176 individual concerts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGimpel2010-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Theories">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg/220px-St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg/330px-St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg/440px-St._M%C3%A4rz_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen lecturing on Inori in 2005</figcaption></figure> In the 1950s and early 1960s, Stockhausen published a series of articles that established his importance in the area of music theory. Although these include analyses of music by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Goeyvaerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luigi Nono (composer)">Nono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fritsch" title="Johannes Fritsch">Johannes Fritsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Biel" title="Michael von Biel">Michael von Biel</a>, and, especially, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:24–31,_39–44,_75–85,_86–98;_2:136–139,_149–166,_170–206;_3:236–238;_4:662–663-168">[168]</a> the items on compositional theory directly related to his own work are regarded as the most important generally. "Indeed, the Texte come closer than anything else currently available to providing a general compositional theory for the postwar period".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan197516-169">[169]</a> His most celebrated article is "... wie die Zeit vergeht ..." ("... How Time Passes ..."), first published in the third volume of <a href="/wiki/Die_Reihe" title="Die Reihe">Die Reihe</a> (1957). In it, he expounds a number of temporal conceptions underlying his instrumental compositions Zeitmaße, Gruppen, and Klavierstück XI. In particular, this article develops (1) a scale of twelve <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempos</a> analogous to the chromatic pitch scale, (2) a technique of building progressively smaller, integral subdivisions over a basic (fundamental) duration, analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtone series</a>, (3) musical application of the concept of the partial field (time fields and field sizes) in both successive and simultaneous proportions, (4) methods of projecting large-scale <a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">form</a> from a series of proportions, (5) the concept of "statistical" composition, (6) the concept of "action duration" and the associated "variable form", and (7) the notion of the "directionless temporal field" and with it, "polyvalent form".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:99–139-77">[77]</a> Other important articles from this period include "Elektronische und Instrumentale Musik" ("Electronic and Instrumental Music", 1958),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:140–151-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2004-171">[171]</a> "Musik im Raum" ("Music in Space", 1958),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:152–175-118">[118]</a> "Musik und Graphik" ("Music and Graphics", 1959),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:176–188-172">[172]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Moment_form" title="Moment form">Momentform</a>" (1960),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:189–210-173">[173]</a> "Die Einheit der musikalischen Zeit" ("The Unity of Musical Time", 1961),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:211–221-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1962-175">[175]</a> and "Erfindung und Entdeckung" ("Invention and Discovery", 1961),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:222–258-176">[176]</a> the last summing up the ideas developed up to 1961.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Taken together, these temporal theories <blockquote>suggested that the entire compositional structure could be conceived as "<a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a>": since "the different experienced components such as colour, <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (music)">meter</a> and rhythm, <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">dynamics</a>, and form correspond to the different segmental ranges of this unified time",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:120-178">[178]</a> the total musical result at any given compositional level is simply the "<a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">spectrum</a>" of a more basic duration—i.e., its "timbre", perceived as the overall effect of the <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtone structure</a> of that duration, now taken to include not only the "rhythmic" subdivisions of the duration but also their relative "dynamic" strength, "envelope", etc. <div style="text-align: center;">...</div> Compositionally considered, this produced a change of focus from the individual tone to a whole complex of tones related to one another by virtue of their relation to a "<a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">fundamental</a>"—a change that was probably the most important compositional development of the latter part of the 1950s, not only for Stockhausen's music but for "advanced" music in general.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan19756-179">[179]</a></blockquote> Some of these ideas, considered from a purely theoretical point of view (divorced from their context as explanations of particular compositions) drew significant critical fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBackus1962-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFokker1968-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerle1960-182">[182]</a> For this reason, Stockhausen ceased publishing such articles for a number of years, as he felt that "many useless polemics" about these texts had arisen, and he preferred to concentrate his attention on composing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4:13-183">[183]</a> Through the 1960s, although he taught and lectured publicly,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:196–211-184">[184]</a> Stockhausen published little of an analytical or theoretical nature. Only in 1970 did he again begin publishing theoretical articles, with "Kriterien", the abstract for his six seminar lectures for the <a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A4dter_Ferienkurse" title="Darmstädter Ferienkurse">Darmstädter Ferienkurse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:222–229-185">[185]</a> The seminars themselves, covering seven topics ("Micro- and Macro-Continuum", "Collage and Metacollage", "Expansion of the Scale of Tempos", "Feedback", "Spectral Harmony—Formant Modulation", "Expansion of Dynamics—A Principle of Mikrophonie I", and "Space Music—Spatial Forming and Notation") were published only posthumously.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2009-186">[186]</a> His collected writings were published in Texte zur Musik, including his compositional theories and analyses on music as a general phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_influence">Musical influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Musical influence">edit</a>]</div> Stockhausen has been described as "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewett2007-188">[188]</a> His two early Electronic Studies (especially the second) had a powerful influence on the subsequent development of electronic music in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly in the work of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Franco_Evangelisti_(composer)" title="Franco Evangelisti (composer)">Franco Evangelisti</a> and the Poles <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Dobrowolski" title="Andrzej Dobrowolski">Andrzej Dobrowolski</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Koto%C5%84ski" title="Włodzimierz Kotoński">Włodzimierz Kotoński</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkowron198139-189">[189]</a> The influence of his Kontra-Punkte, Zeitmaße and Gruppen may be seen in the work of many composers, including <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Threni_(Stravinsky)" title="Threni (Stravinsky)">Threni</a> (1957–58) and <a href="/wiki/Movements_for_Piano_and_Orchestra" title="Movements for Piano and Orchestra">Movements</a> for piano and orchestra (1958–59) and other works up to the Variations: Aldous Huxley in Memoriam (1963–64), whose rhythms "are likely to have been inspired, at least in part, by certain passages from Stockhausen's Gruppen".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeidhöfer2005340-190">[190]</a> Though music of Stockhausen's generation may seem an unlikely influence, Stravinsky said in a 1957 conversation: <blockquote>I have all around me the spectacle of composers who, after their generation has had its decade of influence and fashion, seal themselves off from further development and from the next generation (as I say this, exceptions come to mind, Krenek, for instance). Of course, it requires greater effort to learn from one's juniors, and their manners are not invariably good. But when you are seventy-five and your generation has overlapped with four younger ones, it behooves you not to decide in advance "how far composers can go", but to try to discover whatever new thing it is makes the new generation new.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStravinsky_and_Craft1980133-191">[191]</a></blockquote> Amongst British composers, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Birtwistle" title="Harrison Birtwistle">Sir Harrison Birtwistle</a> readily acknowledges the influence of Stockhausen's Zeitmaße (especially on his two wind quintets, Refrains and Choruses and Five Distances) and Gruppen on his work more generally.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross200048-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross2001-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall19843,_7–8-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall199899,_108-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPace199627-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Ferneyhough" title="Brian Ferneyhough">Brian Ferneyhough</a> says that, although the "technical and speculative innovations" of Klavierstücke I–IV, Kreuzspiel and Kontra-Punkte escaped him on first encounter, they nevertheless produced a "sharp emotion, the result of a beneficial shock engendered by their boldness" and provided "an important source of motivation (rather than of imitation) for my own investigations".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough1988-197">[197]</a> While still in school, he became fascinated upon hearing the British première of Gruppen, and <blockquote>listened many times to the recording of this performance, while trying to penetrate its secrets—how it always seemed to be about to explode, but managed nevertheless to escape unscathed in its core—but scarcely managed to grasp it. Retrospectively, it is clear that from this confusion was born my interest for the formal questions which remain until today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough1988-197">[197]</a></blockquote> Although it eventually evolved in a direction of its own, Ferneyhough's 1967 wind sextet, Prometheus, began as a wind quintet with cor anglais, stemming directly from an encounter with Stockhausen's Zeitmaße.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2017137-198">[198]</a> With respect to Stockhausen's later work, he said, <blockquote>I have never subscribed (whatever the inevitable personal distance) to the thesis according to which the many transformations of vocabulary characterizing Stockhausen's development are the obvious sign of his inability to carry out the early vision of strict order that he had in his youth. On the contrary, it seems to me that the constant reconsideration of his premises has led to the maintenance of a remarkably tough thread of historical consciousness which will become clearer with time. ... I doubt that there has been a single composer of the intervening generation who, even if for a short time, did not see the world of music differently thanks to the work of Stockhausen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerneyhough1988-197">[197]</a></blockquote> In a short essay describing Stockhausen's influence on his own work, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barrett_(composer)" title="Richard Barrett (composer)">Richard Barrett</a> concludes that "Stockhausen remains the composer whose next work I look forward most to hearing, apart from myself of course" and names as works that have had particular impact on his musical thinking Mantra, Gruppen, Carré, Klavierstück X, Inori, and Jubiläum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett1998-199">[199]</a> French composer and conductor Pierre Boulez once declared, "Stockhausen is the greatest living composer, and the only one whom I recognize as my peer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1967-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1971-201">[201]</a> Boulez also acknowledged the influence of performing Stockhausen's Zeitmaße on his subsequent development as a conductor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoulez197679–80-202">[202]</a> Another French composer, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_%C3%89loy" title="Jean-Claude Éloy">Jean-Claude Éloy</a>, regards Stockhausen as the most important composer of the second half of the 20th century, and cites virtually "all his catalog of works" as "a powerful discoveration [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], and a true revelation".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÉloy2008-203">[203]</a> Dutch composer <a href="/wiki/Louis_Andriessen" title="Louis Andriessen">Louis Andriessen</a> acknowledged the influence of Stockhausen's Momente in his pivotal work Contra tempus of 1968.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchönberger2001-204">[204]</a> German composer <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a>, who studied with Stockhausen, was influenced by Momente, Hymnen, and Inori.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2006382-205">[205]</a> At the Cologne ISCM Festival in 1960, the Danish composer <a href="/wiki/Per_N%C3%B8rg%C3%A5rd" title="Per Nørgård">Per Nørgård</a> heard Stockhausen's Kontakte as well as pieces by Kagel, Boulez, and Berio. He was profoundly affected by what he heard and his music suddenly changed into "a far more discontinuous and disjunct style, involving elements of strict organization in all parameters, some degree of aleatoricism and controlled improvisation, together with an interest in collage from other musics".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2001-206">[206]</a> Jazz musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergstein1992-207">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHancock2014104–105-209">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Lateef" title="Yusef Lateef">Yusef Lateef</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeather1964-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsahar2006-211">[211]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Braxton" title="Anthony Braxton">Anthony Braxton</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadano1993110-212">[212]</a> cite Stockhausen as an influence. Stockhausen was influential within pop and rock music as well. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> acknowledges Stockhausen in the liner notes of <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a>, his 1966 debut with <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a>. On the back of <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s second LP released in the US, "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Jack_(song)" title="Happy Jack (song)">Happy Jack</a>", their primary composer and guitarist <a href="/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend">Pete Townshend</a>, is said to have "an interest in Stockhausen". <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(musician)" title="Richard Wright (musician)">Rick Wright</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> also acknowledge Stockhausen as an influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacon1997141-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayles1996222-214">[214]</a> San Francisco psychedelic groups <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a> are said to have done the same;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrendergast200054-215">[215]</a> Stockhausen said that the Grateful Dead were "well orientated toward new music".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4:505-216">[216]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] Founding members of Cologne-based experimental band <a href="/wiki/Can_(band)" title="Can (band)">Can</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irmin_Schmidt" title="Irmin Schmidt">Irmin Schmidt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holger_Czukay" title="Holger Czukay">Holger Czukay</a>, both studied with Stockhausen at the Cologne Courses for New Music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:196,_198,_200-217">[217]</a> German electronic pioneers <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> also say they studied with Stockhausen,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlur2003228-218">[218]</a> and Icelandic vocalist <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> has acknowledged Stockhausen's influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeuger199815-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBjörk1996-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss200453_&_55-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wider_cultural_renown">Wider cultural renown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Wider cultural renown">edit</a>]</div> Stockhausen, along with <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>, is one of the few avant-garde composers to have succeeded in penetrating the popular consciousness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2007b-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroyles2004-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewett2007-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> included his face on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuy_and_Llewelyn-Jones2004111-224">[224]</a> In particular, "<a href="/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>" (1967) and "<a href="/wiki/Revolution_9" title="Revolution 9">Revolution 9</a>" (1968) were influenced by Stockhausen's electronic music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldgate,_Chapman,_and_Marwick2000146-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1995233–234-226">[226]</a> Stockhausen's name, and the perceived strangeness and supposed unlistenability of his music, was even a punchline in cartoons, as documented on a page on the official Stockhausen website (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/cartoons.html">Stockhausen Cartoons</a>). Perhaps the most caustic remark about Stockhausen was attributed to Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a>. Asked "Have you heard any Stockhausen?", he is alleged to have replied, "No, but I believe I have trodden in some".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELebrecht1985334,_annotated_on_366:_"Apocryphal;_source_unknown"-227">[227]</a> Stockhausen's fame is also reflected in works of literature. For example, he is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a>'s 1974 novel <a href="/wiki/Flow_My_Tears,_the_Policeman_Said" title="Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said">Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDick1993101-228">[228]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a>'s 1966 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Crying_of_Lot_49" title="The Crying of Lot 49">The Crying of Lot 49</a>. The Pynchon novel features "The Scope", a bar with "a strict electronic music policy". Protagonist Oedipa Maas asks "a hip graybeard" about a "sudden chorus of whoops and yibbles" coming out of "a kind of jukebox." He replies, "That's by Stockhausen ... the early crowd tends to dig your Radio Cologne sound. Later on we really swing".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPynchon199934-229">[229]</a> The French writer <a href="/wiki/Michel_Butor" title="Michel Butor">Michel Butor</a> acknowledges that Stockhausen's music "taught me a lot", mentioning in particular the electronic works Gesang der Jünglinge and Hymnen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantschi1982204-230">[230]</a> Later in his life, Stockhausen was portrayed by at least one journalist, John O'Mahony of the Guardian newspaper, as an eccentric, for example being alleged to live an effectively <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamous</a> lifestyle with two women, to whom O'Mahony referred as his "wives", while at the same time stating he was not married to either of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mahony2001-18">[18]</a> In the same article, O'Mahony says Stockhausen said he was born on a planet orbiting the star Sirius. In the German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, Stockhausen stated that he was educated at Sirius (see <a href="#Sirius_star_system">Sirius star system</a> below). In 1995, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> sent Stockhausen a package of recordings from contemporary <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richie_Hawtin" title="Richie Hawtin">Richie Hawtin</a> (Plastikman), <a href="/wiki/Robin_Rimbaud" title="Robin Rimbaud">Scanner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pemberton" title="Daniel Pemberton">Daniel Pemberton</a>, and asked him for his opinion on the music. In August of that year, Radio 3 reporter <a href="/wiki/Richard_Witts" title="Richard Witts">Dick Witts</a> interviewed Stockhausen about these pieces for a broadcast in October, called "The Technocrats" and asked what advice he would give these young musicians. Stockhausen made suggestions to each and they were then invited to respond. All but Plastikman obliged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitts1995a-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitts1995b-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Maconie" title="Robin Maconie">Robin Maconie</a> finds that, "Compared to the work of his contemporaries, Stockhausen's music has a depth and rational integrity that is quite outstanding... His researches, initially guided by Meyer-Eppler, have a coherence unlike any other composer then or since".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989177–178-233">[233]</a> Maconie also compares Stockhausen to <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>: "If a genius is someone whose ideas survive all attempts at explanation, then by that definition Stockhausen is the nearest thing to Beethoven this century has produced. Reason? His music lasts",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1988-234">[234]</a> and "As Stravinsky said, one never thinks of Beethoven as a superb orchestrator because the quality of invention transcends mere craftsmanship. It is the same with Stockhausen: the intensity of imagination gives rise to musical impressions of an elemental and seemingly unfathomable beauty, arising from necessity rather than conscious design".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989178-235">[235]</a> Christopher Ballantine, comparing the categories of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">experimental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde music</a>, concludes that <blockquote>Perhaps more than any other contemporary composer, Stockhausen exists at the point where the dialectic between experimental and avant-garde music becomes manifest; it is in him, more obviously than anywhere else, that these diverse approaches converge. This alone would seem to suggest his remarkable significance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1977244-236">[236]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> expressed great, but not uncritical, enthusiasm for Stockhausen's music in the conversation books with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Craft" title="Robert Craft">Robert Craft</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> and for years organised private listening sessions with friends in his home where he played tapes of Stockhausen's latest works.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStravinsky1984356-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECraft2002141-239">[239]</a> In an interview published in March 1968, however, he says of an unidentified person, <blockquote>I have been listening all week to the piano music of a composer now greatly esteemed for his ability to stay an hour or so ahead of his time, but I find the alternation of note-clumps and silences of which it consists more monotonous than the foursquares of the dullest eighteenth-century music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE[Craft]19684-240">[240]</a></blockquote> The following October, a report in Sovetskaia Muzyka<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1968-241">[241]</a> translated this sentence (and a few others from the same article) into Russian, substituting for the conjunction "but" the phrase "Ia imeiu v vidu Karlkheintsa Shtokkhauzena" ("I am referring to Karlheinz Stockhausen"). When this translation was quoted in Druskin's Stravinsky biography, the field was widened to all of Stockhausen's compositions and Druskin adds for good measure, "indeed, works he calls unnecessary, useless and uninteresting", again quoting from the same Sovetskaia Muzyka article, even though it had made plain that the characterization was of American "university composers".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruskin1974207-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy">Controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> Throughout his career, Stockhausen excited controversy. One reason for this is that his music displays high expectations about "shaping and transforming the world, about the truth of life and of reality, about the creative departure into a future determined by spirit", so that Stockhausen's work "like no other in the history of new music, has a polarizing effect, arouses passion, and provokes drastic opposition, even hatred".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlrich200125-243">[243]</a> Another reason was acknowledged by Stockhausen himself in a reply to a question during an interview on the <a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">Bavarian Radio</a> on 4 September 1960, reprinted as a foreword to his first collection of writings: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I have often been reproached—especially recently—for being too candid, and through this making not a few enemies for myself—being undiplomatic. ... It must be admitted: I am not gifted as an esotericist, not as a mystic or a hermit, and not as a diplomat; it corresponds that my love of my fellow humans expresses itself in candour ... I hope my enemies will not on this account destroy me; I also hope my enemies find forms of retort that I can find richly fanciful, witty, pertinent, instructive—that grant me respect through a noble and truly humane form of enmity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:12–13-244">[244]</a></blockquote> After the <a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">student revolts in 1968</a>, musical life in Germany became highly politicized, and Stockhausen found himself a target for criticism, especially from the leftist camp who wanted music "in the service of the class struggle". <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cornelius Cardew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Boehmer" title="Konrad Boehmer">Konrad Boehmer</a> denounced their former teacher as a "servant of capitalism". In a climate where music mattered less than political ideology, some critics held that Stockhausen was too élitist, while others complained he was too mystical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992188–189-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandal_at_the_Fresco_premiere">Scandal at the Fresco premiere</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Scandal at the Fresco premiere">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fresco_(Stockhausen)" title="Fresco (Stockhausen)">Fresco (Stockhausen)</a></div> As reported in the German magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Première">première</a> (and only performance to date) on 15 November 1969 of Stockhausen's work <a href="/wiki/Fresco_(Stockhausen)" title="Fresco (Stockhausen)">Fresco</a> for four orchestral groups (playing in four different locations) was the scene of a scandal. The rehearsals were already marked by objections from the orchestral musicians questioning such directions as "glissandos no faster than one octave per minute" and others phoning the artists' union to clarify whether they really had to perform the Stockhausen work as part of the orchestra. In the backstage warm-up room at the premiere a hand-lettered sign could be seen saying: "We're playing, otherwise we would be fired". During the première the parts on some music stands suddenly were replaced by placards reading things like "Stockhausen-Zoo. Please don't feed", that someone had planted. Some musicians, fed up with the monkeyshines, left after an hour, though the performance was planned for four to five hours. Stockhausen fans protested, while Stockhausen foes were needling the musicians asking: "How can you possibly participate in such crap?" ("Wie könnt ihr bloß so eine Scheiße machen!"). At one point someone managed to switch off the stand lights, leaving the musicians in the dark. After 260 minutes the performance ended with no-one participating any longer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1969-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sirius_star_system">Sirius star system</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sirius star system">edit</a>]</div> In an obituary in the German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, Karlheinz Stockhausen was quoted as having said: "I was educated at <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> and want to return to there, although I am still living in Kürten near Cologne."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2007-247">[247]</a> On hearing about this, conductor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gielen" title="Michael Gielen">Michael Gielen</a> stated: "When he said he knew what was happening at Sirius, I turned away from him in horror. I haven't listened to a note since." He called Stockhausen's statements "hubris" and "nonsense", while at the same time defending his own belief in <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>: "Why should these large celestial bodies exist if they do not stand for something? I cannot imagine that there is anything senseless in the universe. There is much we do not understand".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHagedorn2010-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="11_September_attacks">11 September attacks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 11 September attacks">edit</a>]</div> In a press conference in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> on 16 September 2001, Stockhausen was asked by a journalist whether the characters in Licht were for him "merely some figures out of a common cultural history" or rather "material appearances". Stockhausen replied, "I pray daily to Michael, but not to Lucifer. I have renounced him. But he is very much present, like in New York recently."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276-249">[249]</a> The same journalist then asked how the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">events of 11 September</a> had affected him, and how he viewed reports of the attack in connection with the harmony of humanity represented in <a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a>. He answered:<blockquote>Well, what happened there is, of course—now all of you must adjust your brains—the biggest work of art there has ever been. The fact that spirits achieve with one act something which we in music could never dream of, that people practise ten years madly, fanatically for a concert. And then die. [Hesitantly.] And that is the greatest work of art that exists for the whole Cosmos. Just imagine what happened there. There are people who are so concentrated on this single performance, and then five thousand people are driven to Resurrection. In one moment. I couldn't do that. Compared to that, we are nothing, as composers. [...] It is a crime, you know of course, because the people did not agree to it. They did not come to the "concert". That is obvious. And nobody had told them: "You could be killed in the process."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276–77-250">[250]</a></blockquote> As a result of the reaction to the press report of Stockhausen's comments, a four-day festival of his work in Hamburg was cancelled. In addition, his pianist daughter announced to the press that she would no longer appear under the name "Stockhausen".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELentricchia_and_McAuliffe20037-251">[251]</a> In a subsequent message, he stated that the press had published "false, defamatory reports" about his comments, and said: <blockquote>At the press conference in Hamburg, I was asked if Michael, Eve and Lucifer were historical figures of the past and I answered that they exist now, for example Lucifer in New York. In my work, I have defined Lucifer as the cosmic spirit of rebellion, of anarchy. He uses his high degree of intelligence to destroy creation. He does not know love. After further questions about the events in America, I said that such a plan appeared to be Lucifer's greatest work of art. Of course I used the designation "work of art" to mean the work of destruction personified in Lucifer. In the context of my other comments this was unequivocal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2001a-252">[252]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edisons1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edisons1969.jpg/220px-Edisons1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edisons1969.jpg/330px-Edisons1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edisons1969.jpg/440px-Edisons1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3703" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption>Stockhausen, <a href="/wiki/Anneliese_Rothenberger" title="Anneliese Rothenberger">Anneliese Rothenberger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edo_de_Waart" title="Edo de Waart">Edo de Waart</a> (1969)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg/220px-K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg/330px-K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg/440px-K%C3%BCrten_-_altes_Rathaus_01_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Karlheinz-Stockhausen-Platz and the Altes Rathaus in Kürten</figcaption></figure> Amongst the numerous honours and distinctions that were bestowed upon Stockhausen are: <ul><li>1964 German gramophone critics award;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1966 and 1972 SIMC award for orchestral works (Italy);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1968 Grand Art Prize for Music of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_du_Disque" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prix du Disque">Grand Prix du Disque</a> (France);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> Member of the Free Academy of the Arts, Hamburg;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1968, 1969, and 1971 <a href="/wiki/Edison_Award" title="Edison Award">Edison Prize</a> (Netherlands);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1970 Member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Music">Royal Swedish Academy of Music</a>;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1973 Member of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Arts,_Berlin" title="Academy of Arts, Berlin">Academy of Arts, Berlin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Cross_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Cross of Merit">Federal Cross of Merit</a>, 1st class (Germany);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1977 Member of the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Filarmonica_Romana" title="Accademia Filarmonica Romana">Philharmonic Academy of Rome</a>;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1979 Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_and_Lettersn.d.-254">[254]</a></li> <li>1980 Member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Academy_of_Science,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Academy of Science, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">European Academy of Science, Arts and Letters</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_europ%C3%A9enne_des_sciences,_des_arts_et_des_lettres" class="extiw" title="fr:Académie européenne des sciences, des arts et des lettres">fr</a>];<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1981 Prize of the Italian music critics for Donnerstag aus Licht;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1982 German gramophone prize (German Phonograph Academy);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1983 Diapason d'or (France) for Donnerstag aus Licht;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres" title="Ordre des Arts et des Lettres">Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres</a> (France);<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" title="Ernst von Siemens Music Prize">Ernst von Siemens Music Prize</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErnst_von_Siemens_Music_Foundationn.d.-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1987 Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a>, London;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1988 Honorary Citizen of the Kuerten community;<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li>1989 Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_&_Sciences2018575-257">[257]</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Prix_Ars_Electronica" title="Prix Ars Electronica">Prix Ars Electronica</a>, Linz, Austria;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArs_Electronica2017-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1991 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Irish Academy of Music; Accademico Onorario of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Caecilia, Rome; Honorary Patron of Sound Projects Weimar;</li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Council" title="International Music Council">IMC-UNESCO</a> Picasso Medal;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> Distinguished Service Medal of the German state North Rhine-Westphalia;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Luzifers Tanz (3rd scene of Saturday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1993 Patron of the European Flute Festival; Diapason d'or for Klavierstücke I–XI and Mikrophonie I and II;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1994 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score Jahreslauf (Act 1 of Tuesday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1995 Honorary Member of the German Society for Electro-Acoustic Music; <a href="/wiki/Bach_Prize_of_the_Free_and_Hanseatic_City_of_Hamburg" title="Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg">Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1996 Honorary doctorate (Dr. phil. h. c.) of the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Berlin" title="Free University of Berlin">Free University of Berlin</a>; Composer of the European Cultural Capital Copenhagen; Edison Prize (Netherlands) for Mantra;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> Member of the Free Academy of the Arts Leipzig;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a> Honorary Member of the Leipzig Opera;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a> Cologne Culture Prize;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>1997 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Weltparlament (first scene of Wednesday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> Honorary member of the music ensemble LIM (Laboratorio de Interpretación Musical), Madrid;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>1999 Entry in the Golden Book of the city of Cologne;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>2000 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Evas Erstgeburt (act 1 of Monday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>2000–2001 The film In Absentia made by the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Quay" title="Brothers Quay">Quay Brothers</a> (England) to concrete and electronic music by Karlheinz Stockhausen won the Golden Dove (first prize) at the International Festival for Animated Film in Leipzig. More awards: Special Jury Mention, Montreal, FCMM 2000; Special Jury Award, Tampere 2000; Special Mention, Golden Prague Awards 2001; Honorary Diploma Award, Cracow 2001; Best Animated Short Film, 50th Melbourne International Film Festival 2001; Grand Prix, Turku Finland 2001;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>2001 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score Helicopter String Quartet (third scene of Wednesday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a> of the Royal Swedish Academy of the Arts;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">[253]</a></li> <li>2002 Honorary Patron of the <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Arts_Network" title="Sonic Arts Network">Sonic Arts Network</a>, England;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>2003 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Michaelion (4th scene of Wednesday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>2004 Associated member of the Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres & des Beaux-arts (Belgium);<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a> Honorary doctorate (Dr. phil. h. c.) of the Queen's University in Belfast;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a> German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Stop and Start for 6 instrumental groups;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2004–2007-259">[259]</a></li> <li>2005 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Hoch-Zeiten for choir (fifth scene of Sunday from Light);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2004–2007-259">[259]</a></li> <li>2006 Honorary member of the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Academy_of_Bologna" class="mw-redirect" title="Philharmonic Academy of Bologna">Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna</a>;<a href="#cite_note-biography-33">[33]</a></li> <li>2008 On 22 August, Stockhausen's birthday, the Rathausplatz in his home town of Kürten was renamed Karlheinz-Stockhausen-Platz in his honour;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBäumer2008-260">[260]</a></li> <li>2008 On 10 October, the Studio for Electronic Music of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatory_of_The_Hague" title="Royal Conservatory of The Hague">Royal Conservatory of The Hague</a> in the Netherlands changed its name to Karlheinz Stockhausen Studio;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreckmann2014-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZamboni2020-262">[262]</a></li> <li>2009 German Music Publishers Society Award for the score of Momente for solo soprano, four choral groups, and 13 instrumentalists;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009-56">[56]</a></li> <li>2010 The municipality of Kürten adopts the designation "Stockhausengemeinde" (Stockhausen municipality) in honour of the late composer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandschoof2010-263">[263]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_students">Notable students</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable students">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Stockhausen's notable students, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_students_by_teacher:_R_to_S#Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="List of music students by teacher: R to S">List of music students by teacher: R to S § Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrett198845-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrett198845_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrett1988">Barrett 1988</a>, 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1975b705-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1975b705_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarvey1975b">Harvey 1975b</a>, 705. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins197233-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins197233_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHopkins1972">Hopkins 1972</a>, 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein1968117-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein1968117_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlein1968">Klein 1968</a>, 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPower199030-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPower199030_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPower1990">Power 1990</a>, 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.barbican.org.uk/stockhausen/">"Stockhausen: The Father of Electronic Music"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stockhausen%3A+The+Father+of+Electronic+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.barbican.org.uk%2Fstockhausen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarlheinz+Stockhausen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.n.d.-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.n.d._7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.n.d.">Anon. n.d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1950-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.1950_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.1950">Anon. 1950</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBos2017-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBos2017_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBos2017">Bos 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz19928,_11,_13-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz19928,_11,_13_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 8, 11, 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199214-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199214_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199218_12-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a20–21-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a20–21_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1989a">Stockhausen 1989a</a>, 20–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199219-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199219_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199219_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2014-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.2014_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.2014">Anon. 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992213-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992213_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie200519-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie200519_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mahony2001-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mahony2001_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mahony2001_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Mahony2001">O'Mahony 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199228-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199228_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199234–36-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199234–36_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 34–36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245–48-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245–48_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 45–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199256–57-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199256–57_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorawska-Büngeler198819-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorawska-Büngeler198819_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorawska-Büngeler1988">Morawska-Büngeler 1988</a>, 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199268–72-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199268–72_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 68–72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant20011–2-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant20011–2_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGrant2001">Grant 2001</a>, 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199245_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie200547-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie200547_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199290-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199290_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198794-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198794_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTannenbaum1987">Tannenbaum 1987</a>, 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERathert2013-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathert2013_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERathert2013_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRathert2013">Rathert 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992141,_149-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992141,_149_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 141, 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198795-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198795_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTannenbaum1987">Tannenbaum 1987</a>, 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-biography-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography_33-15">p</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karlheinzstockhausen.org/karlheinz_stockhausen_short_biography_english.htm">"Karlheinz Stockhausen: Short Biography"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karlheinz+Stockhausen%3A+Short+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.karlheinzstockhausen.org%2Fkarlheinz_stockhausen_short_biography_english.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarlheinz+Stockhausen" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992202-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992202_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992208-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992208_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEM._Stockhausen199813–16-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEM._Stockhausen199813–16_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFM._Stockhausen1998">M. Stockhausen 1998</a>, 13–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198761-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETannenbaum198761_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTannenbaum1987">Tannenbaum 1987</a>, 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005220-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005220_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005430,_443-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005430,_443_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 430, 443. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:190,_255,_274-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:190,_255,_274_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 5:190, 255, 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''6:64,_373-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''6:64,_373_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 6:64, 373. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992222-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992222_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005480,_489-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005480,_489_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 480, 489. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:186,_529-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:186,_529_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 5:186, 529. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:105-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''5:105_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 5:105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEC._Stockhausen1978-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEC._Stockhausen1978_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFC._Stockhausen1978">C. Stockhausen 1978</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992116–117,_137–138-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992116–117,_137–138_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 116–117, 137–138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102,_14–15-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102,_14–15_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 2, 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKramer1998-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKramer1998_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKramer1998">Kramer 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102–3-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20102–3_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992126–128,_194-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992126–128,_194_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 126–128, 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20103-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20103_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20106–9,_15-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag20106–9,_15_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 6–9, 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992184-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992184_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201012–13-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201012–13_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeutscher_Musikeditionspreis2009">Deutscher Musikeditionspreis 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005477–478-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005477–478_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 477–478. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBäumer2007-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBäumer2007_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBäumer2007">Bäumer 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996b-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996b_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1996b">Stockhausen 1996b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996a94-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1996a94_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1996a">Stockhausen 1996a</a>, 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:92–93-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:92–93_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 3:92–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop1998-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop1998_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop1998">Toop 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005187-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005187_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz199226–27-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz199226–27_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie19905–6,_11-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie19905–6,_11_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie1990">Maconie 1990</a>, 5–6, 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFelder197792-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFelder197792_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFelder1977">Felder 1977</a>, 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESabbe1981-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESabbe1981_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSabbe1981">Sabbe 1981</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:19-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:19_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 2:19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:20-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:20_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 2:20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop20053-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop20053_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop2005">Toop 2005</a>, 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:63–74-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:63–74_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:63–74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:56-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:56_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecroupet_and_Ungeheuer199898–99-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecroupet_and_Ungeheuer199898–99_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDecroupet_and_Ungeheuer1998">Decroupet and Ungeheuer 1998</a>, 98–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1989b">Stockhausen 1989b</a>, 127, reprinted in <a href="#CITEREFSchwartz,_Childs,_and_Fox1998">Schwartz, Childs, and Fox 1998</a>, 374 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2001-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop2001_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop2001">Toop 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1998a61-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1998a61_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1998a">Kohl 1998a</a>, 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:99–139-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:99–139_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:99–139_77-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:99–139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWörner1973101–105-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWörner1973101–105_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWörner1973">Wörner 1973</a>, 101–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_73–100-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_73–100_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 2, 73–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:241–251-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:241–251_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:241–251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaletha200497–98-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaletha200497–98_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaletha2004">Kaletha 2004</a>, 97–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_20–21-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2,_20–21_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 2, 20–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005486-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005486_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 486. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen196240-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen196240_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1962">Stockhausen 1962</a>, 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201018-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201018_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201018_85-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201020-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201020_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2005175–178-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop2005175–178_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop2005">Toop 2005</a>, 175–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFritsch1979-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFritsch1979_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFritsch1979">Fritsch 1979</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193,_227–251-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193,_227–251_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1981">Kohl 1981</a>, 192–193, 227–251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1998b7-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1998b7_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1998b">Kohl 1998b</a>, 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop2005191–192-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop2005191–192_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop2005">Toop 2005</a>, 191–192. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005254,_366–368-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005254,_366–368_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 254, 366–368. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1981192–193_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1981">Kohl 1981</a>, 192–193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005323–324-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005323–324_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 323–324. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262,_267–268,_319–320-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262,_267–268,_319–320_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 262, 267–268, 319–320. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl198151–163-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl198151–163_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1981">Kohl 1981</a>, 51–163. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1972-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie1972_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie1972">Maconie 1972</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005255–257-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005255–257_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 255–257. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters1992-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters1992_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeters1992">Peters 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262–265-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005262–265_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 262–265. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005264-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005264_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 264. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2002-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl2002_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl2002">Kohl 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201021-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201021_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen-Verlag201021_103-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag 2010</a>, 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl198193–95-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl198193–95_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1981">Kohl 1981</a>, 93–95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4,_468–476-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4,_468–476_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 4, 468–476. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl200296-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl200296_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl2002">Kohl 2002</a>, 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToop200539-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToop200539_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFToop2005">Toop 2005</a>, 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321_108-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 321. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321–323-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005321–323_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 321–323. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005296-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005296_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 296. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGehlhaar1968-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGehlhaar1968_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGehlhaar1968">Gehlhaar 1968</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERitzel1970-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERitzel1970_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRitzel1970">Ritzel 1970</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIddon2004-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIddon2004_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIddon2004">Iddon 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005334–336,_338,_341–343-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie2005334–336,_338,_341–343_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie2005">Maconie 2005</a>, 334–336, 338, 341–343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:71–72,_49–50,_102–103-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''2:71–72,_49–50,_102–103_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 2:71–72, 49–50, 102–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a105–108-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen1989a105–108_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen1989a">Stockhausen 1989a</a>, 105–108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECott1973200–201-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECott1973200–201_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCott1973">Cott 1973</a>, 200–201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:152–175-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:152–175_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:152–175_118-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:152–175. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:153-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:153_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992166-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992166_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFöllmer1996-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFöllmer1996_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFöllmer1996">Föllmer 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:155–174-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:155–174_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 3:155–174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992178-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992178_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWörner1973256-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWörner1973256_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWörner1973">Wörner 1973</a>, 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992179-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992179_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84a-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84a_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1983–84a_126-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1983–84a">Kohl 1983–84a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl1990-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1990_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohl1990_127-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKohl1990">Kohl 1990</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohl2004-128">^ <a 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href="#CITEREFRadano1993">Radano 1993</a>, 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacon1997141-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacon1997141_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacon1997">Macon 1997</a>, 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayles1996222-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayles1996222_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBayles1996">Bayles 1996</a>, 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrendergast200054-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrendergast200054_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrendergast2000">Prendergast 2000</a>, 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4:505-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''4:505_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 4:505. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:196,_198,_200-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''3:196,_198,_200_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 3:196, 198, 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlur2003228-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlur2003228_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFlur2003">Flur 2003</a>, 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeuger199815-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeuger199815_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeuger1998">Heuger 1998</a>, 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBjörk1996-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBjörk1996_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBjörk1996">Björk 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoss200453_&_55-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoss200453_&_55_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoss2004">Ross 2004</a>, 53 & 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.2007b-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.2007b_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.2007b">Anon. 2007b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroyles2004-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroyles2004_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBroyles2004">Broyles 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuy_and_Llewelyn-Jones2004111-224"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuy_and_Llewelyn-Jones2004111_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuy_and_Llewelyn-Jones2004">Guy and Llewelyn-Jones 2004</a>, 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldgate,_Chapman,_and_Marwick2000146-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldgate,_Chapman,_and_Marwick2000146_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAldgate,_Chapman,_and_Marwick2000">Aldgate, Chapman, and Marwick 2000</a>, 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1995233–234-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald1995233–234_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacDonald1995">MacDonald 1995</a>, 233–234. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELebrecht1985334,_annotated_on_366:_"Apocryphal;_source_unknown"-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELebrecht1985334,_annotated_on_366:_"Apocryphal;_source_unknown"_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLebrecht1985">Lebrecht 1985</a>, 334, annotated on 366: "Apocryphal; source unknown". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDick1993101-228"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDick1993101_228-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDick1993">Dick 1993</a>, 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPynchon199934-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPynchon199934_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPynchon1999">Pynchon 1999</a>, 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantschi1982204-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantschi1982204_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSantschi1982">Santschi 1982</a>, 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitts1995a-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitts1995a_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitts1995a">Witts 1995a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitts1995b-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitts1995b_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitts1995b">Witts 1995b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989177–178-233"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989177–178_233-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie1989">Maconie 1989</a>, 177–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1988-234"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie1988_234-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie1988">Maconie 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989178-235"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaconie1989178_235-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaconie1989">Maconie 1989</a>, 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1977244-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine1977244_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1977">Ballantine 1977</a>, 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> E.g., <a href="#CITEREFCraft_and_Stravinsky1960">Craft and Stravinsky 1960</a>, 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStravinsky1984356-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStravinsky1984356_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStravinsky1984">Stravinsky 1984</a>, 356. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECraft2002141-239"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECraft2002141_239-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCraft2002">Craft 2002</a>, 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE[Craft]19684-240"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE[Craft]19684_240-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF[Craft]1968">[Craft] 1968</a>, 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1968-241"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.1968_241-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.1968">Anon. 1968</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruskin1974207-242"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruskin1974207_242-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDruskin1974">Druskin 1974</a>, 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlrich200125-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlrich200125_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUlrich2001">Ulrich 2001</a>, 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:12–13-244"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen_''Texte''1:12–13_244-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen Texte</a>, 1:12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992188–189-245"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKurtz1992188–189_245-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKurtz1992">Kurtz 1992</a>, 188–189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon.1969-246"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon.1969_246-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon.1969">Anon. 1969</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2007-247"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2007_247-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReier2007">Reier 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHagedorn2010-248"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHagedorn2010_248-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHagedorn2010">Hagedorn 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276-249"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276_249-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen2002">Stockhausen 2002</a>, 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276–77-250"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen200276–77_250-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen2002">Stockhausen 2002</a>, 76–77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELentricchia_and_McAuliffe20037-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELentricchia_and_McAuliffe20037_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLentricchia_and_McAuliffe2003">Lentricchia and McAuliffe 2003</a>, 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2001a-252"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockhausen2001a_252-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockhausen2001a">Stockhausen 2001a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d.-253">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkademie_der_Künsten.d._253-24">y</a> <a href="#CITEREFAkademie_der_Künsten.d.">Akademie der Künste n.d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_and_Lettersn.d.-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_and_Lettersn.d._254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_and_Lettersn.d.">American Academy of Arts and Letters n.d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErnst_von_Siemens_Music_Foundationn.d.-255"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErnst_von_Siemens_Music_Foundationn.d._255-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFErnst_von_Siemens_Music_Foundationn.d.">Ernst von Siemens Music Foundation n.d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210170305/http://www.kuerten.de/die_gemeinde/stockhausen/more/stockhausen.htm">Gemeinde Kürten website (archive from 10 December 2008; accessed 18 March 2016)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_&_Sciences2018575-257"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_&_Sciences2018575_257-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Academy_of_Arts_&_Sciences2018">American Academy of Arts & Sciences 2018</a>, 575. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArs_Electronica2017-258"><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandschoof2010_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLandschoof2010">Landschoof 2010</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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"Stockhausen's 'Hymnen'". <a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a>, 116, no. 1590 (August): 705+707.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHeuger1998">Heuger, Markus. 1998. "Stockhausen Goes to Town: Der öffentliche Stockhausen". <a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a> 159, no. 4 (July–August): 10–15.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHewett2007">Hewett, Ivan. 2007. 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"Book Review: Die Reihe III: Musical Craftsmanship". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Music_Theory" title="Journal of Music Theory">Journal of Music Theory</a> 4, no. 1 (April): 102–104.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPeters1992">Peters, Günter. 1992. "Meditations Modulated: H. Heissenbüttel's 'Einfache Grammatische Meditationen' in K. Stockhausen's Mikrophonie II". In German Literature and Music—An Aesthetic Fusion: 1890–1989, edited by C. Reschke and H. Pollock, Houston Germanic Studies 8, 247–261. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Revised German edition 1993: "Die ringmodulierte Meditation: Helmut Heissenbüttels 'Einfache grammatische Meditationen' in Karlheinz Stockhausens Mikrophonie II." In Musik-Konzepte 81: Autoren-Musik. Sprache im Grenzbereich der Künste, 16–40. Munich: Edition Text+Kritik. Reprinted in Peters 2003, 27–62 (German) and 163–198 (English).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPeters2003">Peters, Günter. 2003. Heiliger Ernst im Spiel—Texte zur Musik von Karlheinz Stockhausen / Holy Seriousness in the Play—Essays on the Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen (bilingual edition, German and English). Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-009182-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-009182-7">978-3-00-009182-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPower1990">Power, David. 1990. "Book Reviews: Towards a Cosmic Music, Karlheinz Stockhausen; Tim Nevill". Tempo, new series, no. 175. (December): 30–31.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPrendergast2000">Prendergast, Mark. 2000. The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Trance: The Evolution of Sound in the Electronic Age. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-134-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-134-7">978-1-58234-134-7</a> (London); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4213-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4213-1">978-0-7475-4213-1</a> (New York).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPynchon1999"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Pynchon, Thomas</a>. 1999. The Crying of Lot 49 New York: HarperPerennial.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRadano1993">Radano, Ronald M. 1993. New Musical Figurations: Anthony Braxton's Cultural Critique Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRathert2013">Rathert, Wolfgang. 2013. "Stockhausen, Karlheinz". <a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a>, edited by the Historical Committee at the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a>, vol. 25 (Stadion–Tecklenborg). Berlin: Duncker und Humblot. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-428-11206-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-428-11206-7">978-3-428-11206-7</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-428-11294-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-428-11294-4">978-3-428-11294-4</a> (leather).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFReier2007">Reier, Sebastian. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/online/2007/50/stockhausen-nachruf/komplettansicht">Im Rhythmus der Sterne</a>". <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a> (9 December).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRitzel1970">Ritzel, Fred. 1970. Musik für ein Haus: Kompositionsstudio Karlheinz Stockhausen, Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, Darmstadt 1968. Darmstädter Beiträge zur Neuen Musik 12, edited by Ernst Thomas. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRoss2004"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross_(music_critic)" title="Alex Ross (music critic)">Ross, Alex</a>. 2004. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080419153951/http://www.therestisnoise.com/2004/10/alex_ross_bjrk.html">Björk's Saga</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> 80, no. 23 (23 August): 49–53, 55–59 (archive from 19 April 2008; accessed 18 March 2016).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSabbe1981">Sabbe, Herman. 1981. "Die Einheit der Stockhausen-Zeit ...: Neue Erkenntnismöglichkeiten der seriellen Entwicklung anhand des frühen Wirkens von Stockhausen und Goeyvaerts. Dargestellt aufgrund der Briefe Stockhausens an Goevaerts". In Musik-Konzepte 19: Karlheinz Stockhausen: ... wie die Zeit verging ..., edited by Heinz-Klaus Metzger and Rainer Riehn, 5–96. Munich: Edition Text + Kritik.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSantschi1982">Santschi, Madeleine. 1982. Voyage avec Michel Butor. Lausanne: Éditions L'Age d'Homme.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSchönberger2001">Schönberger, Elmer. 2001. "Andriessen: (4) Louis Andriessen". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSchwartz,_Childs,_and_Fox1998"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Schwartz" title="Elliott Schwartz">Schwartz, Elliott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barney_Childs" title="Barney Childs">Barney Childs</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Jim_Fox_(composer)" title="Jim Fox (composer)">Jim Fox</a>. 1998. Contemporary Composers on Contemporary Music. Expanded edition. New York: Da Capo Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80819-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80819-7">978-0-306-80819-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSkowron1981">Skowron, Zbigniew. 1981. "Muzyka elektroniczna Karlheinza Stockhausena. Okres prób i doswiadczen" [Karlheinz Stockhausen's electronic music. A period of trials and experiences]. Muzyka: Kwartalnik Instytutu Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk 26, nos. 3–4:17–40.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFC._Stockhausen1978">Stockhausen, Christel. 1978. "Stockhausens Tierkreis: Einführung und Hinweise zur praktischen Aufführung." Melos 45/<a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a> 139 (July/August): 283–287. Reprinted together with an English translation as "Stockhausen's ZODIAC, Introduction and Instructions for Performance Practice", in a booklet now included with the score of Tierkreis.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen_Texte">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1963–2014 Texte zur Musik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6571675">6571675</a> 17 vols. Vols. 1–3 edited by <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schnebel" title="Dieter Schnebel">Dieter Schnebel</a>; vols. 4–10 edited by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Christoph von Blumröder</a>. Vols. 1–3, Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg (1963, 1964, 1971); vols. 4–6 DuMont Buchverlag (1978, 1989, 1989). Vols. 7–10 Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag (1998). Vols. 11–17 Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag (2014). English edition, as Texts on Music, edited by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Jerome Kohl</a>, with translations by Jerome Kohl, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Toop" title="Richard Toop">Richard Toop</a>, Tim Nevill, <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Stephens" title="Suzanne Stephens">Suzanne Stephens</a>, et al. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, in preparation.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1962">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1962. "The Concept of Unity in Electronic Music". Translated by Elaine Barkin. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 1, no. 1 (Autumn): 39–48.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1989a">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1989a. Stockhausen on Music: Lectures and Interviews, edited by Robin Maconie. London and New York: Marion Boyars. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-2887-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-2887-8">978-0-7145-2887-8</a> (cloth) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-2918-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7145-2918-9">978-0-7145-2918-9</a> (pbk).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1989b">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1989b. Towards a Cosmic Music. Texts selected and translated by Tim Nevill. Shaftsbury: Element Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85230-084-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85230-084-5">978-1-85230-084-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1996a">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1996a. "Electroacoustic Performance Practice". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 34, no. 1 (Fall): 74–105.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1996b">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1996b. "Kino-Bilder". In Bilder vom Kino: Literarische Kabinettstücke, edited by Wolfram Schütte, 138–140. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1996c">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1996c. "Helikopter-Streichquartett". Grand Street 14, no. 4 (Spring, "Grand Street 56: Dreams"):213–225. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885490-07-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885490-07-0">978-1-885490-07-0</a>. Online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117125904/http://www.stockhausen.org/helicopter_intro.html">Variant of this text</a> (some omissions, some supplements, different illustrations).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen1999">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1999. Stockhausen-Kurse Kürten 1999: Kompositions-Kurs: Skizzen von Welt-Parlament (1995) für Chor a cappella (mit singenden Dirigenten/Klangregisseur (1. Szene vom Mittwoch aus Licht). Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2001a">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2001a. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/message_from_karlheinz.html">Message from Professor Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>" (Accessed 27 December 2007).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2001b">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2001b. Stockhausen Courses Kürten 2001: Composition Course on Lights-Waters (Sunday Greeting) for Soprano, Tenor, and orchestra with synthesizer (1999). Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2002">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2002. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/hamburg.pdf">"Huuuh!" Das Pressegespräch am 16. September 2001 im Senatszimmer des Hotel Atlantic in Hamburg</a>". MusikTexte no. 91:69–77.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2003">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2003. Stockhausen Courses Kürten 2003: Composition Course on Hoch-Zeiten (of Sunday from Light) for Choir (2001/02). Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2004">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2004. "Electronic and Instrumental Music", translated by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Jerome Kohl</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Stephens" title="Suzanne Stephens">Suzanne Stephens</a> and John McGuire. In Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music, edited by Christoph Cox and Daniel Warner, 370–380. New York: Continuum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1614-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1614-8">978-0-8264-1614-8</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1615-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1615-5">978-0-8264-1615-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2007a">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2007a. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/cosmic_pulses_prog.pdf">Cosmic Pulses: Electronic Music</a>." (Accessed 30 March 2008) In programme book for the world première. Rome (8 May). Slightly expanded version in 2007 Stockhausen-Kurse Kürten: Programm zu den Interpretations- und Kompositionskursen und Konzerten der Musik von / Programme for the Interpretation and Composition Courses and Concerts of the Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen, 7. Juli bis 15. Juli 2007 in Kürten / from July 7th to 15th 2007 in Kuerten, notes for the German première on 13 July 2007, pp. 22 (German text) and 40 (English text), with illustrations divided between those pages and the programme cover. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen2009">Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2009. Kompositorische Grundlagen Neuer Musik: Sechs Seminare für die Darmstädter Ferienkurse 1970, edited by Imke Misch. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-027313-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-027313-1">978-3-00-027313-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen,_Conen,_and_Hennlich1989">Stockhausen, Karlheinz, Hermann Conen, and Jochen Hennlich. 1989. "Before and After Samstag aus Licht: Conversation of 24 May 1984, in Milan." Translated by Karin von Abrams. Contemporary Music Review 5, no. 1:267–297.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFM._Stockhausen1998"><a href="/wiki/Markus_Stockhausen" title="Markus Stockhausen">Stockhausen, Markus</a>. 1998. "Markus Stockhausen plays Karlheinz Stockhausen", notes on pp. 13–17 of booklet to CD recording, Markus Stockhausen plays Karlheinz Stockhausen: Aries, In Freundschaft, Halt, Pietà. EMI Classics 7243 5 56645 2 5.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen-Stiftung2007">Stockhausen-Stiftung. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/2007_performances_update.pdf">Stockhausen Aufführungen/Performances 2007</a>. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010">Stockhausen-Verlag. 2010. Stockhausen August 22nd 1928 – 5 December 5th 2007, English edition of brochure with official worklist and list of CDs. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karlheinzstockhausen.org/complete_list_of_works_english.htm">Online version.</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStravinsky1984"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky, Igor</a>. 1984. Selected Correspondence, vol. 2. Edited and with commentaries by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Craft" title="Robert Craft">Robert Craft</a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStravinsky_and_Craft1980">Stravinsky, Igor, and Robert Craft. 1980. Conversations with Stravinsky. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04040-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04040-3">978-0-520-04040-3</a> (Reprint of the 1959 Doubleday edition).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTannenbaum1987">Tannenbaum, Mya. 1987. Conversations with Stockhausen, translated from the Italian by David Butchart. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315467-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-315467-4">978-0-19-315467-4</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFToop1998"><a href="/wiki/Toop,_Richard" class="mw-redirect" title="Toop, Richard">Toop, Richard</a>. 1998. "Mondrian, Fibonacci ... und Stockhausen: Mass und Zahl in Adieu". <a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a> 159, no. 4 (July–August): 31–35.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFToop2001">Toop, Richard. 2001. "Karlheinz Stockhausen". <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a>. London: Macmillan Publishers.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFToop2005">Toop, Richard. 2005. Six Lectures from the Stockhausen Courses Kürten 2002. Stockhausen-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-016185-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-016185-8">978-3-00-016185-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTsahar2006"><a href="/wiki/Assif_Tsahar" title="Assif Tsahar">Tsahar, Assif</a>. 2006. "Gentle Giant". <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> [Tel Aviv] (17 March).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFUlrich2001">Ulrich, Thomas. 2001. "Sternklang: Karlheinz Stockhausens astronische Musik". Positionen: Beiträge zur neuen Musik 46 (February): 25–28.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWilliams2006">Williams, Alastair. 2006. "Swaying with Schumann: Subjectivity and Tradition in Wolfgang Rihm's Fremde Szenen I–III and Related Scores". <a href="/wiki/Music_%26_Letters" title="Music & Letters">Music & Letters</a> 87, no. 3:379–397.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWitts1995a"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Witts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Witts">Witts, Dick</a>. 1995. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529064851/https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/interviews/karlheinz-stockhausen_advice-to-clever-children">Karlheinz Stockhausen: Advice to Clever Children ...</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a>, issue 141 (November) (archive from 29 May 2013, accessed 2 May 2017).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitts1995b" class="citation news cs1">Witts, Dick (23 October 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/techno-s-well-weird-grandad-1578997.html">"Techno's 'well weird' grandad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Techno%27s+%27well+weird%27+grandad&rft.date=1995-10-23&rft.aulast=Witts&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftechno-s-well-weird-grandad-1578997.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarlheinz+Stockhausen" class="Z3988">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWörner1973"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Heinrich_W%C3%B6rner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Heinrich Wörner (page does not exist)">Wörner, Karl Heinrich</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_W%C3%B6rner" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Heinrich Wörner">de</a>]. 1973. Stockhausen: Life and Work. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hopkins_(composer)" title="Bill Hopkins (composer)">Bill Hopkins</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520021436" title="Special:BookSources/0520021436">0520021436</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520021433" title="Special:BookSources/9780520021433">9780520021433</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamboni2020" class="citation web cs1">Zamboni, Sara (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarazambonimusic.com/news">"Three presentations in the 'Stockhausen Analogue Studio'"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+presentations+in+the+%27Stockhausen+Analogue+Studio%27&rft.date=2020-01&rft.aulast=Zamboni&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarazambonimusic.com%2Fnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarlheinz+Stockhausen" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRheingau_Musik_Festival2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308012641/https://lokhalle-mainz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Ouvertuere_Rheingau_Musik_Festival_2017.pdf">"Ouvertüre"</a> (PDF) (in German). <a href="/wiki/Rheingau_Musik_Festival" title="Rheingau Musik Festival">Rheingau Musik Festival</a>. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lokhalle-mainz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Ouvertuere_Rheingau_Musik_Festival_2017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ouvert%C3%BCre&rft.pub=Rheingau+Musik+Festival&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flokhalle-mainz.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FOuvertuere_Rheingau_Musik_Festival_2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarlheinz+Stockhausen" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Adamenko, Victoria. 2007. Neo-mythologism in Music: From Scriabin and Schoenberg to Schnittke and Crumb. Interplay Series 5. Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-125-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-125-8">978-1-57647-125-8</a>.</li> <li>Anon. 2008. "Karlheinz Stockhausen—a Romantic Discovering the Universe" [radio transcript]. In Talking to Kinky and Karlheinz—170 musicians get vocal on The Music Show, edited by Anni Heino, 283–291. Sydney: ABC Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7333-2008-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7333-2008-8">978-0-7333-2008-8</a>.</li> <li>Assis, Gustavo Oliveira Alfaix. 2011. Em busca do som: A música de Karlheinz Stockhausen nos anos 1950. São Paulo: Editora UNESP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-393-0207-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-393-0207-9">978-85-393-0207-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barrett_(composer)" title="Richard Barrett (composer)">Barrett, Richard</a>. 2012. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richardbarrettmusic.com/Stockhausen2012.html">Stockhausen Today and Tomorrow</a>". Revised version of a paper presented at the Festival of Light, University of Birmingham/Birmingham Conservatoire/mac Birmingham (20 August). Richardbarrettmusic.com (Accessed 11 September 2012).</li> <li>Bauer, Christian. 2008. Sacrificium intellectus: Das Opfer des Verstandes in der Kunst von Karlheinz Stockhausen, <a href="/wiki/Botho_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botho Strauß">Botho Strauß</a> und <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Kiefer" title="Anselm Kiefer">Anselm Kiefer</a>. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7705-4596-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7705-4596-4">978-3-7705-4596-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bauermeister" title="Mary Bauermeister">Bauermeister, Mary</a>. 2011. Ich hänge im Triolengitter: Mein Leben mit Karlheinz Stockhausen. Munich: Edition <a href="/wiki/Elke_Heidenreich" title="Elke Heidenreich">Elke Heidenreich</a> bei C. Bertelsmann. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-570-58024-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-570-58024-0">978-3-570-58024-0</a>.</li> <li>Beaucage, Réjean. 2005. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scena.org/lsm/sm11-3/Stockhausen_fr.htm">Contact avec</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scena.org/lsm/sm11-3/Stockhausen_en.htm">Contact with Stockhausen</a>", English translation by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Brierley" title="Jane Brierley">Jane Brierley</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scena.org/pdf-files/SM11-3.pdf">La Scena Musicale 11, no. 3</a> (November): 18–25.</li> <li>Beer, Roland de. 2008. "Magistraal klinkend in memoriam". <a href="/wiki/De_Volkskrant" title="De Volkskrant">De Volkskrant</a> (21 June).</li> <li>Betsill, Daniel Joseph. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://betsillworkshop.com/door.htm">The Construction of Stockhausen's Heaven's Door</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Blumröder, Christoph von</a>. 1993. Die Grundlegung der Musik Karlheinz Stockhausens. Supplement to the <a href="/wiki/Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Musikwissenschaft" title="Archiv für Musikwissenschaft">Archiv für Musikwissenschaft</a> 32, ed. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Heinrich_Eggebrecht" title="Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht">Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht</a>. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.</li> <li>Blumröder, Christoph von. 2017. Die elektroakustische Musik: Eine kompositorische Revolution und ihre Folgen. Signale aus Köln: Beiträge zur Musik der Zeit 22. Vienna; Verlag Der Apfel. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85450-422-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85450-422-1">978-3-85450-422-1</a>.</li> <li>Bos, Christian. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/-synthesizer-sind-etwas-sinnliches--13154700">Synthesizer sind etwas Sinnliches</a>", <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Stadt-Anzeiger" title="Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger">Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</a> (28 November; accessed 5 April 2017).</li> <li>Bridoux-Michel, Séverine. 2006. "Architecture et musique: croisements de pensées après 1950 (la collaboration de l'architecte et du musicien, de la conception à l'oeuvre)". PhD diss., l'Université Charles de Gaulle–Lille.</li> <li>Brümmer, Ludger. 2008. "Stockhausen on Electronics, 2004". <a href="/wiki/Computer_Music_Journal" title="Computer Music Journal">Computer Music Journal</a> 32, no. 4:10–16.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cardew, Cornelius</a>. 1974. Stockhausen Serves Imperialism. London: Latimer New Directions. Reprinted in Cornelius Cardew (1936–1981) – A Reader, edited by E Prévost. Harlow: Copula, 2006.</li> <li>Chaplygina, Marina. 1993. Карлхайнц Штокхаузен: когда-нибудь речь станет пением ["Karlheinz Stockhausen: Some Day Speech Will Become Singing" (interview)]. Музыкальная жизнь [Musical Life], nos. 15–16:24–26.</li> <li>Côté, Michel F. 2009. "Considérations en provenance de Sirius". Circuit: Musiques Contemporaines 19, no. 2:57–62.</li> <li>Covell, Grant Chu. 2000. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafolia.com/archive/covell/covell200011stockhausen.html">Stockhausen Is Invisible</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219062652/http://www.lafolia.com/archive/covell/covell200011stockhausen.html">Archived</a> 19 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". La Folia 3/1 (November).</li> <li>Covell, Grant Chu. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lafolia.com/archive/covell/covell200704grubbygruppen.html">Ferneyhough & Stockhausen: Grubby and Gruppen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219062657/http://www.lafolia.com/archive/covell/covell200704grubbygruppen.html">Archived</a> 19 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". La Folia (April).</li> <li>Custodis, Michael. 2004. Die soziale Isolation der neuen Musik: Zum Kölner Musikleben nach 1945. Supplement to the Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 54, edited by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Riethm%C3%BCller" title="Albrecht Riethmüller">Albrecht Riethmüller</a>, with Reinhold Brinkmann, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Finscher" title="Ludwig Finscher">Ludwig Finscher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Hinrichsen" title="Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen">Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Osthoff" title="Wolfgang Osthoff">Wolfgang Osthoff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Steinbeck" title="Wolfram Steinbeck">Wolfram Steinbeck</a>. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-08375-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-08375-1">978-3-515-08375-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirmeikis" title="Paul Dirmeikis">Dirmeikis, Paul</a>. 1999. Le Souffle du temps: Quodlibet pour Karlheinz Stockhausen. [La Seyne-sur-Mer]: Éditions Telo Martius. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-905023-37-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-905023-37-7">978-2-905023-37-7</a></li> <li>Dousson, Lambert. 2020. « La plus grande œuvre d'art pour le cosmos tout entier ». Stockhausen et le 11 septembre (Essai sur la musique et la violence), Paris, éditions MF, coll. « Répercussions », 2020, 240 p.</li> <li>Essl, Karlheinz. 1989. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essl.at/bibliogr/stockhausen.html">Aspekte des Seriellen bei Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>". First appeared in Lothar Knessl (Ed.) WIEN MODERN '89: 90–97. Vienna.</li> <li>Feß, Eike. 2004. "Die Wirkung der Informationstheorie auf das Werk Karlheinz Stockhausens". In Kompositorische Stationen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Debussy, Webern, Messiaen, Boulez, Cage, Ligeti, Stockhausen, Höller, Bayle. Signale aus Köln. Beiträge zur Musik der Zeit 7, edited by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Christoph von Blumröder</a>, 116–128. Münster: Lit-Verlag, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7212-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7212-0">978-3-8258-7212-0</a>.</li> <li>Föllmer, Golo. [n.d.] "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/stockhausen-im-kugelauditorium">Karlheinz Stockhausen: "Spherical Concert Hall"</a>" (Osaka World Expo, 1970). Medien Kunst Net / Media Art Net.</li> <li>Fox, Edward. 1993. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51729440/stockhausen-licht/">Licht Fantastic</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>, Melbourne (9 October): 173. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li> <li>Frisius, Rudolf. 1996. Karlheinz Stockhausen I: Einführung in das Gesamtwerk; Gespräche mit Karlheinz Stockhausen. Mainz: Schott Musik International. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0248-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0248-9">978-3-7957-0248-9</a>.</li> <li>Frisius, Rudolf. 2008. Karlheinz Stockhausen II: Die Werke 1950–1977; Gespräch mit Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Es geht aufwärts". Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Musik International. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0249-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0249-6">978-3-7957-0249-6</a>.</li> <li>Frisius, Rudolf. 2013. Karlheinz Stockhausen III: Die Werkzyklen 1977–2007. Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0772-9">978-3-7957-0772-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fritsch" title="Johannes Fritsch">Fritsch, Johannes</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Toop" title="Richard Toop">Richard Toop</a>. 2008. "Versuch, eine Grenze zu überschreiten ... Johannes Fritsch im Gespräch über die Aufführungspraxis von Werken Karlheinz Stockhausens". MusikTexte: Zeitschrift für neue Musik, no. 116 (February): 31–40.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hattenstone" title="Simon Hattenstone">Hattenstone, Simon</a>. 2001. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51728972/stockhausen-review/">Listen without Prejudice</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, London (6 October): 62. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li> <li>Gather, John Philipp. 2003. "The Origins of Synthetic Timbre Serialism and the Parisian Confluence, 1949–52". PhD diss. Buffalo: State University of New York, Buffalo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gilmore" title="Bob Gilmore">Gilmore, Bob</a>. 2009. "Claude Vivier and Karlheinz Stockhausen: Moments from a Double Portrait". Circuit: musiques contemporaines 19, no. 2:35–49.</li> <li>Grant, M[orag] J[osephine], and Imke Misch (eds.). 2016. The Musical Legacy of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Looking Back and Forward. Hofheim: Wolke Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-95593-068-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-95593-068-4">978-3-95593-068-4</a>.</li> <li>Grohmann, Katerina. 2010. Karlheinz Stockhausen: Oper MITTWOCH aus LICHT. Kölner Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft 12, edited by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Christoph von Blumröder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Steinbeck" title="Wolfram Steinbeck">Wolfram Steinbeck</a>. Kassel: Bosse Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7649-2712-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7649-2712-7">978-3-7649-2712-7</a>.</li> <li>Gutkin, David. 2012. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1934849/Drastic_or_Plastic_Threads_from_Karlheinz_Stockhausens_Musik_und_Graphik_1959">Drastic or Plastic? Threads from Karlheinz Stockhausen's 'Musik und Graphik', 1959</a>". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 255–305. (subscription required)</li> <li>Habib, André. 15 January 2002. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518061930/http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/01/19/quay.html">Through a Glass Darkly: Interview with the Quay Brothers</a>". Senses of Cinema (February) (archive from 18 May 2011; accessed 18 March 2016). French translation previously published in the Montreal-based online journal Hors Champ.</li> <li>Hänggi, Christian. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fillip.ca/content/stockhausen-at-ground-zero">Stockhausen at Ground Zero.</a> <a href="/wiki/Fillip" title="Fillip">Fillip</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9868326-5-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9868326-5-9">978-0-9868326-5-9</a>.</li> <li>Hartwell, Robin. 2012. "Threats and Promises: Lucifer, Hell, and Stockhausen's Sunday from Light". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 393–424.</li> <li>Heikinheimo, Seppo. 1972. The Electronic Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen: Studies on the Esthetical and Formal Problems of Its First Phase, translated by Brad Absetz. Acta Musicologica Fennica 6 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0587-2448">0587-2448</a>). Helsinki: Suomen Musiikkitieteellinen Seura / Musikvetenskapliga Sällskapet i Finland. (Doctoral thesis, Helsinki University.)</li> <li>Henkel, Georg. 2012. Kosmisches Lachen: Synthi-Fou und der närrische Humor in Karlheinz Stockhausens Opernzyklus Licht. Hamburg: Tredition GmbH. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8491-1646-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8491-1646-0">978-3-8491-1646-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Harvey_(composer)" title="Jonathan Harvey (composer)">Harvey, Jonathan</a>. 1975a. The Music of Stockhausen: An Introduction. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02311-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02311-6">978-0-520-02311-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Heyworth" title="Peter Heyworth">Heyworth, Peter</a>. 1971. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51729652/stockhausen-composer-prophet/">Composer-Prophet</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, London (25 April): 9. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li> <li>Heyworth, Peter. 1985. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51728397/stockhausen-profile/">Alchemist of the avant-garde</a>" and "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51728600/stockhausen-donnerstag/">Thursday's child goes far</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, London (22 September): 9, 23. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li> <li>Holbein, Ulrich. 2008. "Karlheinz Stockhausen: Elektroniker, Neutöner, Klang-Avantgardist, Lichtgestalt, Mythenverdünner". In his Narratorium: 255 Lebensbilder, 916–920. Zürich: Ammann Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-250-10523-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-250-10523-7">978-3-250-10523-7</a>.</li> <li>Hollings, Ken. May 1999. " <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120093416/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/140/">Lost in the Stars</a>: Karlheinz Stockhausen in Conversation with Ken Hollings, Kürten, Germany, 12 March 1999". <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a>, no. 184.</li> <li>Hopp, Winrich. 1998. Kurzwellen von Karlheinz Stockhausen: Konzeption und musikalische Poiesis. Kölner Schriften zur neuen Musik 6. With CD recording. Mainz and New York: Schott. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-1895-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-1895-4">978-3-7957-1895-4</a>.</li> <li>Howland, Patricia L. 2010. "Formal Processes in Post-Tonal Music: A Study of Selected Works by Babbitt, Stockhausen, and Carter". PhD diss. New York: City University of New York.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">Schonberg, Harlold C.</a> 1971. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51730087/stockhausen-schonberg/">Stockhausen Does the Twist</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a> (7 March): 96. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li> <li>Ingram, James, and Paul Roberts. 2008. "Über das Unsichtbarsein: Ein E-mail Interview mit James Ingram zu seiner Tätigkeit als Stockhausens Notenkopist", translated by Gisela Gronemeyer. MusikTexte, no. 117 (May): 43–52. Expanded English text, as "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://james-ingram-act-two.de/stockhausen/OnBeingInvisible/onBeingInvisible.html">On Being Invisible</a>" (April 2009). James Ingram: Act Two website. Accessed 27 July 2010.</li> <li>Jones, Stephen. 2004. "<a href="/wiki/Philippa_Cullen" title="Philippa Cullen">Philippa Cullen</a>: Dancing the Music". <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Music_Journal" title="Leonardo Music Journal">Leonardo Music Journal</a> 14 (Composers Inside Electronics: Music After David Tudor): 64–73.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Klaus_Jungheinrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Klaus Jungheinrich (page does not exist)">Jungheinrich, Hans-Klaus</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Klaus_Jungheinrich" class="extiw" title="de:Hans-Klaus Jungheinrich">de</a>]. 2005. "Eötvös und Stockhausen". In Identitäten: Der Komponist und Dirigent Peter Eötvös: Symposion, 19. September 2004, Alte Oper Frankfurt am Main, edited by Hans-Klaus Jungheinrich, 48–56. Edition <a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a>. Mainz: Schott Musik International. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0534-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0534-3">978-3-7957-0534-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kelsall" title="John Kelsall">Kelsall, John</a>. 1975. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1306/">Compositional Techniques in the Music of Stockhausen (1951–1970)</a>". PhD diss. Glasgow: University of Glasgow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kirchmeyer" title="Helmut Kirchmeyer">Kirchmeyer, Helmut</a>. 2009. "Stockhausens Elektronische Messe nebst einem Vorspann unveröffentlichter Briefe aus seiner Pariser Zeit an Herbert Eimert". <a href="/wiki/Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Musikwissenschaft" title="Archiv für Musikwissenschaft">Archiv für Musikwissenschaft</a> 66, no. 3:234–359.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Kohl, Jerome</a>. 2008. Programme notes in the programme booklet for the Klang Festival, (1–9 November), Southbank Centre, London: 12–13, 16–17, 20–21, 24–25.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2009a. "Klang/Som: Die 24 Stunden des Tages/As 24 horas do dia". Temporada Gulbenkian de Música 2009–2010 (October): 13–14.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2009b. "Hoffnung/Esperança, para violino, viola e violoncelo (2007): 9ª hora de Klang, as 24 horas do dia". Temporada Gulbenkian de Música 2009–2010 (October): 18.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2009c. "Schönheit/Beleza, para clarinete baixo, flauta e trompete (2006): 6ª hora de Klang, as 24 horas do dia". Temporada Gulbenkian de Música 2009–2010 (October): 22.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2010. "A Child of the Radio Age". In Cut & Splice: Transmission, edited by Daniela Cascella and Lucia Farinati, 135–139. London: Sound and Music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907378-03-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907378-03-4">978-1-907378-03-4</a>.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2012a. "A Gedenkschrift for Karlheinz Stockhausen: Guest Editor's Introduction". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 306–312.</li> <li>Kohl, Jerome. 2012b. "Harmonies and the Path from Beauty to Awakening: Hours 5 to 12 of Stockhausen's Klang". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 476–523.</li> <li>Krause, Peter. 2008. "Elektro-Esoterik: Uraufführung von Stockhausen-Klang". <a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a> (8 August).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Maconie" title="Robin Maconie">Maconie, Robin</a>. 2016. Other Planets: The Complete Works of Karlheinz Stockhausen 1950–2007, updated edition. Lanham, Maryland, and London: Rowman & Littlefield. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7267-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7267-5">978-1-4422-7267-5</a>.</li> <li>Mießgang, Thomas, and Robert Baumanns. 1997. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/1997/17/Schlagsahne_Irrengesang_Kirmesgeister">Schlagsahne, Irrengesang, Kirmesgeister: Karlheinz Stockhausen testet Krautrock</a>". <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, 1997, no. 17 (18 April).</li> <li>Miller, Paul. 2009. "Stockhausen and the Serial Shaping of Space". PhD diss. Rochester: Eastman School of Music.</li> <li>Miller, Paul. 2012. "An Adventure into Outer Space: Stockhausen's Lichter—Wasser and the Analysis of Spatialized Music". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 342–392.</li> <li>Misch, Imke, and Markus Bandur (eds.). 2001. Karlheinz Stockhausen bei den Internationalen Ferienkursen für Neue Musik in Darmstadt 1951–1996: Dokumente und Briefe. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-007290-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-007290-1">978-3-00-007290-1</a>.</li> <li>Mischke, Joachim. 8 August 2008. "SHMF: Neue Musik, visionär, von heute und wie von gestern". <a href="/wiki/Hamburger_Abendblatt" title="Hamburger Abendblatt">Hamburger Abendblatt</a>.</li> <li>Morreau, Annette. 6 March 2001. "Where Herzog Met Portishead: Only Connect, Barbican, London". <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.</li> <li>Mowitz, Michael. 2010. Die Form der Klänge. Stockhausens ›Konzeption einer einheitlichen musikalischen Zeit‹ am Beispiel der Komposition "Kontakte". Osnabrück: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epos.uni-osnabrueck.de/">epOs-Music</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-940255-08-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-940255-08-2">978-3-940255-08-2</a>.</li> <li>Normandeau, Robert. 2009. "Influence de Stockhausen chez les compositeurs électroacoustiques québécois: Sondage courriel et entrevues". Circuit: Musiques Contemporaines 19, no. 2:51–55.</li> <li>Parsons, Ian Lawrence. 2019. "The Phenomenology of Light: an Interpretation of Stockhausen's Opera Cycle Drawing on Heidegger's Fourfold and Lacanian Psychoanalysis". PhD diss. Melbourne: Monash University.</li> <li>Rea, John. 2009. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/037453ar">On Stockhausen's Kontakte (1959–60) for Tape, Piano and Percussion: A Lecture/Analysis by John Rea Given at the University of Toronto, March 1968</a>". Circuit: Musiques Contemporaines 19, no. 2:77–86.</li> <li>Rigoni, Michel. 1998. Stockhausen: ... un vaisseau lancé vers le ciel, second edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged. Lillebonne: Millénaire III Editions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-911906-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-911906-02-2">978-2-911906-02-2</a>.</li> <li>Rigoni, Michel. 2001. Le rêve de Lucifer de Karlheinz Stockhausen. La trace des silences. [Paris]: M. de Maule. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87623-103-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87623-103-0">978-2-87623-103-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Roads" title="Curtis Roads">Roads, Curtis</a>. 2001. Microsound. Cambridge: MIT Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18215-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18215-7">978-0-262-18215-7</a>.</li> <li>Romney, Jonathan. 3 March 2001. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/mar/03/artsfeatures">The Barbican's Musical Jellyfish: Sound on Film Live</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</li> <li>Rudi, Jøran (editor), <a href="/wiki/Asbj%C3%B8rn_Blokkum_Fl%C3%B8" title="Asbjørn Blokkum Flø">Asbjørn Blokkum Flø</a>, and Asbjørn Schaathun. 2008. Karlheinz Stockhausen – A Pioneer in Utopia. Oslo: Notam. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-996867-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-996867-2-3">978-82-996867-2-3</a>.</li> <li>Sandner, Wolfgang, and <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s" title="Péter Eötvös">Péter Eötvös</a>. 2005. "Klangbildeaufnahmen wie von einem Fotografen". In Identitäten: Der Komponist und Dirigent Péter Eötvös: Symposion, 19. September 2004, Alte Oper Frankfurt am Main, edited by Hans-Klaus Jungheinrich, 59–67. Edition <a href="/wiki/Neue_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Musik" title="Neue Zeitschrift für Musik">Neue Zeitschrift für Musik</a>. Mainz: Schott Musik International. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0534-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7957-0534-3">978-3-7957-0534-3</a>.</li> <li>Shimizu, Minoru. 1999. "Stockhausen und Japan, Licht und Schatten". In Internationales Stockhausen-Symposion 1998: Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität zu Köln, 11. bis 14. November 1998. Tagungsbericht, edited by Imke Misch and <a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Christoph von Blumröder</a>, 87–94. Signale aus Köln: Beiträge zur Musik der Zeit 4. Saarbrücken: PFAU-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89727-050-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89727-050-3">978-3-89727-050-3</a>.</li> <li>Sigel, Paul. 2000. "Der deutsche Beitrag auf der Expo70 in Osaka." Arch plus no. 149–150 (April): 116–133. Reprinted online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cloud-cuckoo.net/openarchive/wolke/deu/Themen/001/Sigel/sigel.htm">Thema 5, no. 1 (July 2000)</a>.</li> <li>Smalley, John. 2000."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.music.columbia.edu/masterpieces/notes/stockhausen/GesangHistoryandAnalysis.pdf">Gesang der Jünglinge: History and Analysis</a>". Programme note for concert series, Masterpieces of 20th-Century Electronic Music: A Multimedia Perspective. The Columbia University Computer Music Center, presented by Lincoln Center (July) .</li> <li>Stenzl, Jürg. 1991. "York Höller's 'The Master and Margarita': A German Opera." Translated by Sue Rose. <a href="/wiki/Tempo_(journal)" title="Tempo (journal)">Tempo</a> New Series, no. 179 (December): 8–15.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Stephens" title="Suzanne Stephens">Stephens, Suzanne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kathinka_Pasveer" title="Kathinka Pasveer">Kathinka Pasveer</a> (eds.). 2008. Gedenkschrift für Stockhausen. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-023528-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-023528-3">978-3-00-023528-3</a>.</li> <li>Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1998. "Bildung ist große Arbeit: Karlheinz Stockhausen im Gespräch mit Studierenden des Musikwissenschaftlichen Instituts der Universität zu Köln am 5. Februar 1997." In Stockhausen 70: Das Programmbuch Köln 1998. Signale aus Köln: Musik der Zeit 1, edited by Imke Misch and <a href="/wiki/Christoph_von_Blumr%C3%B6der" title="Christoph von Blumröder">Christoph von Blumröder</a>, 1–36. Saarbrücken: Pfau-Verlag.</li> <li>Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2007b. "Harmonien/Harmonies for Bass Clarinet (2006)". In 2007 Stockhausen-Kurse Kürten: Programm zu den Interpretations- und Kompositionskursen und Konzerten der Musik von / Programme for the Interpretation and Composition Courses and Concerts of the Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen, 7. Juli bis 15. Juli 2007 in Kürten / from July 7th to 15th 2007 in Kuerten, notes for the German première on 11 July 2007, pp. 33–34. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</li> <li>Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2007c. "Harmonien/Harmonies for Flute (2006): 5th Hour of Klang / Sound, The 24 Hours of the Day". In 2007 Stockhausen-Kurse Kürten: Programm zu den Interpretations- und Kompositionskursen und Konzerten der Musik von / Programme for the Interpretation and Composition Courses and Concerts of the Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen, 7. Juli bis 15. Juli 2007 in Kürten / from July 7th to 15th 2007 in Kuerten, notes for the German première on 13 July 2007, p. 36. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag.</li> <li>Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 2012. Jahreskreis—Circle of the Year: Immerwährender Kalendar mit Stockhausen-Zitaten und -Abbildungen / Perpetual Calendar with Stockhausen Quotes and Illustrations, edited by <a href="/wiki/Kathinka_Pasveer" title="Kathinka Pasveer">Kathinka Pasveer</a>, translations by <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Stephens" title="Suzanne Stephens">Suzanne Stephens</a>, Jayne Obst, Tim Nevill, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Jerome Kohl</a>, Thomas von Steinaecker, and Imke Misch. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-037545-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-037545-3">978-3-00-037545-3</a>.</li> <li>Stockhausen, Karlheinz, and Maryvonne Kendergi. 2009. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/037452ar">La mesure du temps: un entretien inédit avec Stockhausen (1958)</a>". Circuit: Musiques Contemporaines 19, no. 2:63–76.</li> <li>Stockhausen-Stiftung. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stockhausen.org/2008_performances_update.pdf">Stockhausen Aufführungen/Performances 2008</a>. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung.</li> <li>Straus, Joseph N. 1997. "Babbitt and Stravinsky under the Serial 'Regime'" <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 35, no. 2 (Summer): 17–32.</li> <li>Straus, Joseph N. 2001. Stravinsky's Late Music. Cambridge Studies in Music Theory and Analysis 16. New York: Cambridge University Press 33–35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80220-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80220-8">978-0-521-80220-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stravinsky,_Igor" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravinsky, Igor">Stravinsky, Igor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Craft" title="Robert Craft">Robert Craft</a>. 1960. Memories and Commentaries. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</li> <li>Telford, James. 2011. "Reconciling Opposing Forces: The Young James Macmillan—A Performance History". <a href="/wiki/Tempo_(journal)" title="Tempo (journal)">Tempo</a> 65, no. 257 (July): 40–51.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tommasini" title="Anthony Tommasini">Tommasini, Anthony</a>. 30 September 2001. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E2D8123AF933A0575AC0A9679C8B63">The Devil Made Him Do It</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tilbury" title="John Tilbury">Tilbury, John</a>. 2008. Cornelius Cardew (1936–1981) – A Life Unfinished. Harlow: Copula.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toop,_Richard" class="mw-redirect" title="Toop, Richard">Toop, Richard</a>. 2008. "Kulturelle Dissidenten: Die Stockhausen-Klasse der Jahre 1973 und 1974". MusikTexte: Zeitschrift für neue Musik, no. 116 (February): 46–49.</li> <li>Toop, Richard. 2012. "Himmels-Tür: Crossing to the Other Side". <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 425–475.</li> <li>Truelove, Stephen. 1984. "Karlheinz Stockhausen's Klavierstück XI: An Analysis of Its Composition via a Matrix System of Serial Polyphony and the Translation of Rhythm into Pitch." DMA diss. Norman: University of Oklahoma.</li> <li>Truelove, Stephen. 1998. "The Translation of Rhythm into Pitch in Stockhausen's Klavierstück XI." <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 36, no. 1 (Winter): 189–220.</li> <li>Ulrich, Thomas. 2006. Neue Musik aus religiösem Geist: theologisches Denken im Werk von Karlheinz Stockhausen und John Cage. Saarbrücken: Pfau. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89727-328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89727-328-3">978-3-89727-328-3</a>.</li> <li>Ulrich, Thomas. 2012a. "Lucifer and Morality in Stockhausen's Opera Cycle Licht", translated by <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Jerome Kohl</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_of_New_Music" title="Perspectives of New Music">Perspectives of New Music</a> 50, nos. 1 & 2 (Winter–Summer): 313–341.</li> <li>Ulrich, Thomas. 2012b. Stockhausen: A Theological Interpretation, translated by Jayne Obst. Kürten: Stockhausen-Stiftung für Musik. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-9815317-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-9815317-0-1">978-3-9815317-0-1</a>.</li> <li>Ulrich, Thomas. 2017. Stockhausens Zyklus LICHT: Ein Opernführer. Cologne, Weimar, and Vienna: Böhlau Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-412-50577-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-412-50577-6">978-3-412-50577-6</a>.</li> <li>Vermeil, Jean. 1996. Conversations with Boulez: Thoughts on Conducting, translated by Camille Nash, with a selection of programs conducted by Boulez and a discography by Paul Griffiths. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.</li> <li>Viel, Massimiliano. 1990. "Formeltechnik, ponte tra intuito e memoria. Incontro con K.Stockhausen". Sonus 2, no 1: 51–68.</li> <li>Voermans, Erik. 2008. "Besluit van een machtig oeuvre". <a href="/wiki/Het_Parool" title="Het Parool">Het Parool</a> (20 June).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Wager" title="Gregg Wager">Wager, Gregg</a>. 1998. Symbolism as a Compositional Method in the Works of Karlheinz Stockhausen. College Park, Maryland: Gtrgg Wager. English translation of "Symbolik als kompositorische Methode in den Werken von Karlheinz Stockhausen". PhD diss. Berlin: Free University Berlin, 1996.</li> <li>Wolfson, Richard. 5 March 2001. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4722023/Hit-and-mismatch.html">Hit and mismatch</a>" <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>, London.</li> <li>Welsh, Tom. 2019. "Ballad for a Child: The Discovery of an Unknown Song by Karlheinz Stockhausen Provides a Humanising Footnote to His Barnstorming 1958 Lecture Tour of the US". <a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a>, no. 425 (July): 20–21.</li> <li>Woodward, Roger (2014). "Karlheinz Stockhausen". Beyond Black and White. HarperCollins. pp. 419-437. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780733323034" title="Special:BookSources/9780733323034"><bdi>9780733323034</bdi></a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obituaries">Obituaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Obituaries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Anon. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814062050/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3018939.ece">Karlheinz Stockhausen: Influential and Controversial German Composer Who Pursued His Uncompromising Avant-Garde Vision through Six Decades</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> (10 December) (archive from 14 August 2011, accessed 20 May 2020).</li> <li>Nonnenmann, Rainer. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/in-kuerten-zu-hause---und-im-universum-13221226">In Kürten zu Hause—und im Universum</a>". <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Stadt-Anzeiger" title="Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger">Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</a> (7 December) (in German).</li> <li>Swed, Mark 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/51731265/karlheinz-stockhausen-obituary/">Karlheinz Stockhausen, Avant-Garde Composer; at 79</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a> (8 December): 67. via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary_films">Documentary films</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Documentary films">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_String_Quartet" title="Helicopter String Quartet">Karlheinz Stockhausen: Helicopter String Quartet</a>, documentary, The Netherlands, 1995, 78 min., producer: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ton_van_der_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ton van der Lee (page does not exist)">Ton van der Lee</a> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton_van_der_Lee" class="extiw" title="nl:Ton van der Lee">nl</a>], director: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Scheffer" title="Frank Scheffer">Frank Scheffer</a>, production: Allegri Film, streaming and DVD: <a href="/wiki/Medici.tv" title="Medici.tv">Medici.tv</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjqujIPZ_jk">trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockhausen_%E2%80%93_Musik_f%C3%BCr_eine_bessere_Welt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockhausen – Musik für eine bessere Welt (page does not exist)">Stockhausen – Musik für eine bessere Welt</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockhausen_%E2%80%93_Musik_f%C3%BCr_eine_bessere_Welt" class="extiw" title="de:Stockhausen – Musik für eine bessere Welt">de</a>], documentary, Germany, 2009, 56 min., producer and director: <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Bus%C3%A8" title="Norbert Busè">Norbert Busè</a> and co-director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_von_Steinaecker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas von Steinaecker (page does not exist)">Thomas von Steinaecker</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_von_Steinaecker" class="extiw" title="de:Thomas von Steinaecker">de</a>], production: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Studio.TV.Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studio.TV.Film (page does not exist)">Studio.TV.Film</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio.TV.Film" class="extiw" title="de:Studio.TV.Film">de</a>], broadcast: <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlheinz_Stockhausen&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://ubu.com/film/stockhausen.html">Stockhausen films</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ubu.com/film/stockhausen_lectures.html">Stockhausen British lectures</a> at <a href="/wiki/UbuWeb" title="UbuWeb">UbuWeb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiquecontemporaine.fr/search?disp=all&query=stockhausen&exp_inl=on&exp_aud=on&so=dd">Stockhausen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122201251/http://www.musiquecontemporaine.fr/search?disp=all&query=stockhausen&exp_inl=on&exp_aud=on&so=dd">Archived</a> 22 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> excerpts from sound archives works, musiquecontemporaine.fr</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Karlheinz_Stockhausen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Template:Karlheinz Stockhausen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Template talk:Karlheinz Stockhausen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karlheinz Stockhausen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Karlheinz_Stockhausen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="List of compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmen_gibt_das_Leben" title="Atmen gibt das Leben">Atmen gibt das Leben</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donnerstag_aus_Licht" title="Donnerstag aus Licht">Donnerstag</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samstag_aus_Licht" title="Samstag aus Licht">Samstag</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montag_aus_Licht" title="Montag aus Licht">Montag</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienstag_aus_Licht" title="Dienstag aus Licht">Dienstag</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freitag_aus_Licht" title="Freitag aus Licht">Freitag</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mittwoch_aus_Licht" title="Mittwoch aus Licht">Mittwoch</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonntag_aus_Licht" title="Sonntag aus Licht">Sonntag</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbstmusik" title="Herbstmusik">Herbstmusik</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originale" title="Originale">Originale</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(Stockhausen)" title="Sirius (Stockhausen)">Sirius</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helikopter-Streichquartett" title="Helikopter-Streichquartett">Helikopter-Streichquartett</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Fourth_Hour:_Himmels-Tür" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Himmels-Tür</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formel_(Stockhausen)" title="Formel (Stockhausen)">Formel</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiel_(Stockhausen)" title="Spiel (Stockhausen)">Spiel</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruppen" title="Gruppen">Gruppen</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_(Stockhausen)" title="Carré (Stockhausen)">Carré</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punkte" title="Punkte">Punkte</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_(Stockhausen)" title="Stop (Stockhausen)">Stop</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresco_(Stockhausen)" title="Fresco (Stockhausen)">Fresco</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen"> Hymnen (Third Region)</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_(Stockhausen)" title="Trans (Stockhausen)">Trans</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubil%C3%A4um" title="Jubiläum">Jubiläum</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With soloists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momente" title="Momente">Momente</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtur" title="Mixtur">Mixtur</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inori_(Stockhausen)" title="Inori (Stockhausen)">Inori</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonatine_(Stockhausen)" title="Sonatine (Stockhausen)">Sonatine</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreuzspiel" title="Kreuzspiel">Kreuzspiel</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontra-Punkte" title="Kontra-Punkte">Kontra-Punkte</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagtrio" title="Schlagtrio">Schlagtrio</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitma%C3%9Fe" title="Zeitmaße">Zeitmaße</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrain_(Stockhausen)" title="Refrain (Stockhausen)">Refrain</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyklus" title="Zyklus">Zyklus</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus-Minus_(Stockhausen)" title="Plus-Minus (Stockhausen)">Plus-Minus</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adieu_(Stockhausen)" title="Adieu (Stockhausen)">Adieu</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aus_den_sieben_Tagen" title="Aus den sieben Tagen">Aus den sieben Tagen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_K%E2%80%93Sextett" title="Dr K–Sextett">Dr K–Sextett</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCr_kommende_Zeiten" title="Für kommende Zeiten">Für kommende Zeiten</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ylem_(Stockhausen)" title="Ylem (Stockhausen)">Ylem</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlekin" title="Harlekin">Harlekin</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_im_Bauch" title="Musik im Bauch">Musik im Bauch</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierkreis_(Stockhausen)" title="Tierkreis (Stockhausen)">Tierkreis</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amour_(Stockhausen)" title="Amour (Stockhausen)">Amour</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Freundschaft" title="In Freundschaft">In Freundschaft</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa-Gruss" title="Europa-Gruss">Europa-Gruss</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpetent" title="Trumpetent">Trumpetent</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_Wind_Quintet" title="Rotary Wind Quintet">Rotary</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Second_Hour:_Freude" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Freude</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Fifth_Hour:_Harmonien" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Harmonien</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Katikati" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Katikati</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Sixth_Hour:_Schönheit" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Schönheit</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Seventh_Hour:_Balance" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Balance</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Twelfth_Hour:_Erwachen" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Erwachen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Tenth_Hour:_Glanz" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Glanz</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Eighth_Hour:_Glück" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Glück</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Ninth_Hour:_Hoffnung" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Hoffnung</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Eleventh_Hour:_Treue" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Treue</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choral_(Stockhausen)" title="Choral (Stockhausen)">Choral</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6re_f%C3%BCr_Doris" title="Chöre für Doris">Chöre für Doris</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drei_Lieder_(Stockhausen)" title="Drei Lieder (Stockhausen)">Drei Lieder</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimmung" title="Stimmung">Stimmung</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litanei_97" title="Litanei 97">Litanei 97</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klavierst%C3%BCcke_(Stockhausen)" title="Klavierstücke (Stockhausen)">Klavierstücke Nos. 1–19</a> (1952–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra_(Stockhausen)" title="Mantra (Stockhausen)">Mantra</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Third_Hour:_Natürliche_Dauern" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Natürliche Dauern</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#First_Hour:_Himmelfahrt" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Himmelfahrt</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkrete_Et%C3%BCde" title="Konkrete Etüde">Konkrete Etüde</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studie_I" title="Studie I">Studie I</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studie_II" title="Studie II">Studie II</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_J%C3%BCnglinge" title="Gesang der Jünglinge">Gesang der Jünglinge</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakte" title="Kontakte">Kontakte</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtur" title="Mixtur">Mixtur</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemusik" title="Telemusik">Telemusik</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnen" title="Hymnen">Hymnen</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsichtbare_Ch%C3%B6re" title="Unsichtbare Chöre">Unsichtbare Chöre</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktophonie" title="Oktophonie">Oktophonie</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freitag_aus_Licht#Individual_works_from_Freitag" title="Freitag aus Licht">Weltraum</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strahlen" title="Strahlen">Strahlen</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Pulses" title="Cosmic Pulses">Cosmic Pulses</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Türin" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Türin</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With soloists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikrophonie_(Stockhausen)" title="Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)">Mikrophonie I</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrophonie_(Stockhausen)" title="Mikrophonie (Stockhausen)">Mikrophonie II</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_(Stockhausen)" title="Solo (Stockhausen)">Solo</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prozession" title="Prozession">Prozession</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurzwellen" title="Kurzwellen">Kurzwellen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_(Stockhausen)" title="Spiral (Stockhausen)">Spiral</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_(Stockhausen)" title="Expo (Stockhausen)">Expo</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_(Stockhausen)" title="Pole (Stockhausen)">Pole</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strahlen" title="Strahlen">Strahlen</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Twentieth_Hour:_Edentia" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Edentia</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Fourteenth_Hour:_Havona" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Havona</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Eighteenth_Hour:_Jerusem" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Jerusem</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Seventeenth_Hour:_Nebadon" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Nebadon</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Fifteenth_Hour:_Orvonton" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Orvonton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Twenty-first_Hour:_Paradies" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Paradies</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)#Sixteenth_Hour:_Uversa" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Uversa</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensemble_(Stockhausen)" title="Ensemble (Stockhausen)">Ensemble</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_f%C3%BCr_ein_Haus" title="Musik für ein Haus">Musik für ein Haus</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternklang" title="Sternklang">Sternklang</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_f%C3%BCr_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Alphabet für Liège">Alphabet für Liège</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_(Stockhausen)" title="Klang (Stockhausen)">Klang</a> (2004–7)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bauermeister" title="Mary Bauermeister">Mary Bauermeister</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathinka_Pasveer" title="Kathinka Pasveer">Kathinka Pasveer</a> (partner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Stephens" title="Suzanne Stephens">Suzanne Stephens</a> (partner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Stockhausen" title="Doris Stockhausen">Doris Stockhausen</a> (1st wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Stockhausen" title="Markus Stockhausen">Markus Stockhausen</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Stockhausen" title="Simon Stockhausen">Simon Stockhausen</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assistants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cardew" title="Cornelius Cardew">Cornelius Cardew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Toop" title="Richard Toop">Richard Toop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Purce" title="Jill Purce">Jill Purce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stockhausen Ensemble</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s" title="Péter Eötvös">Péter Eötvös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fritsch" title="Johannes Fritsch">Johannes Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gehlhaar" title="Rolf Gehlhaar">Rolf Gehlhaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloys_and_Alfons_Kontarsky" title="Aloys and Alfons Kontarsky">Aloys Kontarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tudor" title="David Tudor">David Tudor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ahern" title="David Ahern">David Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junsang_Bahk" title="Junsang Bahk">Junsang Bahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bornemann" title="Fritz Bornemann">Fritz Bornemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudewijn_Buckinx" title="Boudewijn Buckinx">Boudewijn Buckinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZKM_Center_for_Art_and_Media_Karlsruhe" title="ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe">Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Vocale_K%C3%B6ln" title="Collegium Vocale Köln">Collegium Vocale Köln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Davies_(composer)" title="Hugh Davies (composer)">Hugh Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Eimert" title="Herbert Eimert">Herbert Eimert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinko_Globokar" title="Vinko Globokar">Vinko Globokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Karel Goeyvaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heike" title="Georg Heike">Georg Heike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_G._Helms" title="Hans G. Helms">Hans G. Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_A._Huber" title="Nicolaus A. Huber">Nicolaus A. Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alden_Jenks" title="Alden Jenks">Alden Jenks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Johnson" title="David C. Johnson">David C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Michael_Koenig" title="Gottfried Michael Koenig">Gottfried Michael Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kohl" title="Jerome Kohl">Jerome Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Kagel" title="Mauricio Kagel">Mauricio Kagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas_Maiguashca" title="Mesías Maiguashca">Mesías Maiguashca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Marco" title="Tomás Marco">Tomás Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGuire_(composer)" title="John McGuire (composer)">John McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costin_Miereanu" title="Costin Miereanu">Costin Miereanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Peixinho" title="Jorge Peixinho">Jorge Peixinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Piene" title="Otto Piene">Otto Piene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Smalley" title="Roger Smalley">Roger Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Souster" title="Tim Souster">Tim Souster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avo_S%C3%B5mer" title="Avo Sõmer">Avo Sõmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wells_(composer)" title="Thomas Wells (composer)">Thomas Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Vetter" title="Michael Vetter">Michael Vetter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Category:Karlheinz Stockhausen">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karlheinz_Stockhausen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Karlheinz Stockhausen">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Karlheinz_Stockhausen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Karlheinz_Stockhausen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Karlheinz Stockhausen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" title="Template:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" title="Template talk:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ernst von Siemens Music Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Siemens_Music_Prize" title="Ernst von Siemens Music Prize">Ernst von Siemens Music Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Elliott Carter</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Kremer" title="Gidon Kremer">Gidon Kremer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schreier" title="Peter Schreier">Peter Schreier</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henze" title="Hans Werner Henze">Hans Werner Henze</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Holliger" title="Heinz Holliger">Heinz Holliger</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Robbins_Landon" title="H. C. Robbins Landon">H. C. Robbins Landon</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Birtwistle" title="Harrison Birtwistle">Harrison Birtwistle</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Pollini" title="Maurizio Pollini">Maurizio Pollini</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Lachenmann" title="Helmut Lachenmann">Helmut Lachenmann</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Kurt%C3%A1g" title="György Kurtág">György Kurtág</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arditti_Quartet" title="Arditti Quartet">Arditti Quartet</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Kagel" title="Mauricio Kagel">Mauricio Kagel</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Brinkmann" title="Reinhold Brinkmann">Reinhold Brinkmann</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brendel" title="Alfred Brendel">Alfred Brendel</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Henri Dutilleux</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ferneyhough" title="Brian Ferneyhough">Brian Ferneyhough</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Huber" title="Klaus Huber">Klaus Huber</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gielen" title="Michael Gielen">Michael Gielen</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribert_Reimann" title="Aribert Reimann">Aribert Reimann</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Cerha" title="Friedrich Cerha">Friedrich Cerha</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariss_Jansons" title="Mariss Jansons">Mariss Jansons</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G%C3%BClke" title="Peter Gülke">Peter Gülke</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Eschenbach" title="Christoph Eschenbach">Christoph Eschenbach</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_N%C3%B8rg%C3%A5rd" title="Per Nørgård">Per Nørgård</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Laurent_Aimard" title="Pierre-Laurent Aimard">Pierre-Laurent Aimard</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_Furrer" title="Beat Furrer">Beat Furrer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Saunders" title="Rebecca Saunders">Rebecca Saunders</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabea_Zimmermann" title="Tabea Zimmermann">Tabea Zimmermann</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Aperghis" title="Georges Aperghis">Georges Aperghis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Neuwirth" title="Olga Neuwirth">Olga Neuwirth</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Benjamin_(composer)" title="George Benjamin (composer)">George Benjamin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuk_Chin" title="Unsuk Chin">Unsuk Chin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template talk:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> / the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Ericson" title="Eric Ericson">Eric Ericson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Makeba" title="Miriam Makeba">Miriam Makeba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina" title="Sofia Gubaidulina">Sofia Gubaidulina</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Abreu" title="José Antonio Abreu">José Antonio Abreu</a> / <a href="/wiki/El_Sistema" title="El Sistema">El Sistema</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronos_Quartet" title="Kronos Quartet">Kronos Quartet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour" title="Youssou N'Dour">Youssou N'Dour</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellars" title="Peter Sellars">Peter Sellars</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Glennie" title="Evelyn Glennie">Evelyn Glennie</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Martin" title="Max Martin">Max Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_National_Institute_of_Music" title="Afghanistan National Institute of Music">Afghanistan National Institute of Music</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playing_for_Change" title="Playing for Change">Playing for Change</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_intercontemporain" title="Ensemble intercontemporain">Ensemble intercontemporain</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Kidjo" title="Angélique Kidjo">Angélique Kidjo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esa-Pekka_Salonen" title="Esa-Pekka Salonen">Esa-Pekka Salonen</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bach_Prize_of_the_Free_and_Hanseatic_City_of_Hamburg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bach_Prize_of_the_Free_and_Hanseatic_City_of_Hamburg" title="Template:Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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<li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Jarnach" title="Philipp Jarnach">Philipp Jarnach</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Blacher" title="Boris Blacher">Boris Blacher</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Fortner" title="Wolfgang Fortner">Wolfgang Fortner</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_David" title="Johann Nepomuk David">Johann Nepomuk David</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Lachenmann" title="Helmut Lachenmann">Helmut Lachenmann</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henze" title="Hans Werner Henze">Hans Werner Henze</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aribert_Reimann" title="Aribert Reimann">Aribert Reimann</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schnittke" title="Alfred Schnittke">Alfred Schnittke</a> (1992)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriana_H%C3%B6lszky" title="Adriana Hölszky">Adriana Hölszky</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina" title="Sofia Gubaidulina">Sofia Gubaidulina</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Dun" title="Tan Dun">Tan Dun</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuk_Chin" title="Unsuk Chin">Unsuk Chin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Widmann" title="Jörg Widmann">Jörg Widmann</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" 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Ferienkurse</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Abrahamsen" title="Hans Abrahamsen">Hans Abrahamsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Barraqu%C3%A9" title="Jean Barraqué">Jean Barraqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Brown" title="Earle Brown">Earle Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Castiglioni" title="Niccolò Castiglioni">Niccolò Castiglioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Clementi" title="Aldo Clementi">Aldo Clementi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Donatoni" title="Franco Donatoni">Franco Donatoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Evangelisti_(composer)" title="Franco Evangelisti (composer)">Franco Evangelisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Karel Goeyvaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Kagel" title="Mauricio Kagel">Mauricio Kagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Michael_Koenig" title="Gottfried Michael Koenig">Gottfried Michael Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Maderna" title="Bruno Maderna">Bruno Maderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Manzoni" title="Giacomo Manzoni">Giacomo Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Luigi Nono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Henri Pousseur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Apostel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Baaren" title="Kees van Baaren">Kees van Baaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osvaldas_Balakauskas" title="Osvaldas Balakauskas">Osvaldas Balakauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Banks" title="Don Banks">Don Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Barraqu%C3%A9" title="Jean Barraqué">Jean Barraqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barrett_(composer)" title="Richard Barrett (composer)">Richard Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Baur" title="Jürg Baur">Jürg Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Berger_(composer)" title="Arthur Berger (composer)">Arthur Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Erik Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Luciano Berio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Boehmer" title="Konrad Boehmer">Konrad Boehmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Boucourechliev" title="André Boucourechliev">André Boucourechliev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Boykan" title="Martin Boykan">Martin Boykan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Buck" title="Ole Buck">Ole Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Calonne" title="Jacques Calonne">Jacques Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Castiglioni" title="Niccolò Castiglioni">Niccolò Castiglioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Clementi" title="Aldo Clementi">Aldo Clementi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Dallapiccola" title="Luigi Dallapiccola">Luigi Dallapiccola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Goeyvaerts" title="Karel Goeyvaerts">Karel Goeyvaerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Henryk Górecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Matthias_Hauer" title="Josef Matthias Hauer">Josef Matthias Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnston_(composer)" title="Ben Johnston (composer)">Ben Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Michael_Koenig" title="Gottfried Michael Koenig">Gottfried Michael Koenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Maderna" title="Bruno Maderna">Bruno Maderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Martino" title="Donald Martino">Donald Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Luigi Nono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Paz" title="Juan Carlos Paz">Juan Carlos Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perle" title="George Perle">George Perle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Henri Pousseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einojuhani_Rautavaara" title="Einojuhani Rautavaara">Einojuhani Rautavaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Searle" title="Humphrey Searle">Humphrey Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Skalkottas" title="Nikos Skalkottas">Nikos Skalkottas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Swift_(composer)" title="Richard Swift (composer)">Richard Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wuorinen" title="Charles Wuorinen">Charles Wuorinen</a></li> <li>...<a href="/wiki/List_of_dodecaphonic_and_serial_compositions" title="List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions">more</a>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spectral_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spectral_music" title="Template:Spectral music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spectral_music" title="Template talk:Spectral music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spectral_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spectral music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spectral_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Voyage into the Golden Screen (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimmung" title="Stimmung">Stimmung</a> (1968)</li> <li>Clang (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partiels" title="Partiels">Partiels</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana_(Murail)" title="Gondwana (Murail)">Gondwana</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Child_(Vivier)" title="Lonely Child (Vivier)">Lonely Child</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuos_Plango,_Vivos_Voco" title="Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco">Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois_airs_pour_un_op%C3%A9ra_imaginaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Trois airs pour un opéra imaginaire">Trois airs pour un opéra imaginaire</a> (1982)</li> <li>Vortex Temporum (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vain_(Haas)" title="In vain (Haas)">in vain</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png/130px-Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png/195px-Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png/260px-Spectrogram_created_from_an_Odia_Wikipedia_article_recording.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Barlow" title="Clarence Barlow">Clarence Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_Dufourt" title="Hugues Dufourt">Hugues Dufourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iancu_Dumitrescu" title="Iancu Dumitrescu">Iancu Dumitrescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s" title="Péter Eötvös">Péter Eötvös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fritsch" title="Johannes Fritsch">Johannes Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Grisey" title="Gérard Grisey">Gérard Grisey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Haas" title="Georg Friedrich Haas">Georg Friedrich Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Harvey_(composer)" title="Jonathan Harvey (composer)">Jonathan Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_L%C3%A9vinas" title="Michaël Lévinas">Michaël Lévinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%ADas_Maiguashca" title="Mesías Maiguashca">Mesías Maiguashca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Murail" title="Tristan Murail">Tristan Murail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_N%C3%B8rg%C3%A5rd" title="Per Nørgård">Per Nørgård</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hora%C8%9Biu_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Horațiu Rădulescu">Horațiu Rădulescu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tenney" title="James Tenney">James Tenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Vieru" title="Anatol Vieru">Anatol Vieru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vivier" title="Claude Vivier">Claude Vivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Monte_Young" title="La Monte Young">La Monte Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonic series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colors_of_noise" title="Colors of noise">Colors of noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_envelope" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral envelope">Spectral envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">Fundamental frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonality" title="Microtonality">Microtonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_tone" title="Combination tone">Combination tones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Spectral_music" title="Category:Spectral music">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernist_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism_(music)" title="Template talk:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernist_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernist music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_composers" title="List of modernist composers">List of modernist composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Austria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Krenek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Pousseur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czechia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alois_H%C3%A1ba" title="Alois Hába">Hába</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Bergman</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henry" title="Pierre Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jolivet" title="André Jolivet">Jolivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koechlin" title="Charles Koechlin">Koechlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Messiaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Reger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Skalkottas" title="Nikos Skalkottas">Skalkottas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Genres and techniques</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_limited_transposition" title="Mode of limited transposition">Modes of limited transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonality" title="Neotonality">Neotonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandiatonicism" title="Pandiatonicism">Pandiatonicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyrhythm" title="Polyrhythm">Polyrhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytonality" title="Polytonality">Polytonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_music" title="Process music">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony" title="Quartal and quintal harmony">Quartal and quintal harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Sound mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic" title="Stochastic">Stochastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_music" title="Surrealist music">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">Tone cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Schools of composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_School" title="Darmstadt School">Darmstadt School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music">Romantic music</a></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism_(music)" title="Category:Modernism (music)">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic_and_electroacoustic_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronic_music" title="Template:Electronic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronic_music" title="Template talk:Electronic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronic_and_electroacoustic_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">electroacoustic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tod_Machover#Hyperinstruments" title="Tod Machover">Hyperinstrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_(music)" title="Loop (music)">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsound" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsound">Microsound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octophonic_sound" title="Octophonic sound">Octophonic sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape"><img alt="Magnetic tape." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/80px-Magtape1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/120px-Magtape1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Magtape1.jpg/160px-Magtape1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="488" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_electronic_music" title="Chilean electronic music">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_electronic_music" title="French electronic music">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_electronic_music" title="German electronic music">Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Music_Center" title="Computer Music Center">Computer Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Foundation" title="Electronic Music Foundation">Electronic Music Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_Musicales" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe de Recherches Musicales">Groupe de Recherches Musicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Sonology" title="Institute of Sonology">Institute of Sonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Confederation_of_Electroacoustic_Music" title="International Confederation of Electroacoustic Music">ICEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Computer_Music_Association" title="International Computer Music Association">ICMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIME" class="mw-redirect" title="NIME">NIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Electro-Acoustic_Music_in_the_United_States" title="Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States">SEAMUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEIM" title="STEIM">STEIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Toonzaal" title="De Toonzaal">Toonzaal</a> Studio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WORM_(Rotterdam)" title="WORM (Rotterdam)">WORM</a> studio</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Natuurkundig_Laboratorium" title="Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium">Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Tape_Music_Center" title="San Francisco Tape Music Center">San Francisco Tape Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_d%27Essai" title="Studio d'Essai">Studio d'Essai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_for_Electronic_Music_(WDR)" title="Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)">Studio for Electronic Music (WDR, Cologne)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_di_fonologia_musicale_di_Radio_Milano" title="Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano">Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117783476">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/102762014">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1441696/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXdqM9GhjQQxWdfptHYP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118618350">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79107867">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13900080m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13900080m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00720964">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV029796">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35525821">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701718&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4579437">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/46589">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068429304">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90052749">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000030366&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199626569">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hklkcp3v6ns6j">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810622289605606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/284652">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282708405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000200785">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512038606706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14057356">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03147719?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500331607">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fd09d776-ddfd-4558-afe7-814420d704ed">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/260561">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=52666">ADK</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brahms.ircam.fr/karlheinz-stockhausen">BRAHMS</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/karlheinz-stockhausen/17447">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/s2331">BMLO</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/984654">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118618350.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118618350">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027149420">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6b28f8m">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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[\"CITEREFErnst_von_Siemens_Music_Foundationn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeather1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelder1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerneyhough1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlur2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFokker1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreckmann2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritsch1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrobenius1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFöllmer1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGehlhaar1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGimpel2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuerrieri2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuy_and_Llewelyn-Jones2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagedorn2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHancock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey1975b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeuger1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHewett2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkins1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIddon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaletha2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1983–84a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1983–84b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1998a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl1998b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohl2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtz1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandschoof2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLebrecht1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLentricchia_and_McAuliffe2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Stockhausen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacon1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconie1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconie1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconie1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconie1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaconie2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorawska-Büngeler1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoritz2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeidhöfer2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Mahony2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Toole\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerle1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPower1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrendergast2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPynchon1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadano1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRathert2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReier2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRheingau_Musik_Festival2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitzel1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSabbe1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantschi1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz,_Childs,_and_Fox1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchönberger2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkowron1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen,_Conen,_and_Hennlich1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen-Stiftung2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen-Verlag2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1989a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1989b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1996a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1996b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1996c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2001a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2001b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2007a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStockhausen_Texte\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStravinsky1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStravinsky_and_Craft1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTannenbaum1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToop1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToop2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToop2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsahar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUlrich2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitts1995a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitts1995b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWörner1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZagorsky2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZamboni2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÉloy2008\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 6,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Stockhausen, Karlheinz\"] = 1,\n [\"Darmstadt School\"] = 1,\n [\"Discogs artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Electronic music\"] = 1,\n [\"Em\"] = 1,\n [\"Ernst von Siemens Music Prize\"] = 1,\n [\"For LMST\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 148,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 78,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 7,\n [\"Isbn\"] = 1,\n [\"Karlheinz Stockhausen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Modernism (music)\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Polar Music Prize\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Registration required\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 299,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 5,\n [\"Spectral music\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Twelve-tone composers\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n [\"Verify source\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n [\"Wikicite\"] = 147,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","620","34.8"],["?","280","15.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","240","13.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","5.6"],["(for generator)","80","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","3.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.2"],["tostring","20","1.1"],["[others]","60","3.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-8s6gj","timestamp":"20241124053317","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Karlheinz Stockhausen","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karlheinz_Stockhausen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q154556","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q154556","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-19T15:04:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T21:40:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/46\/Stockhausen_1994_WDR.jpg","headline":"German composer 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