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font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Political Animals and Animal Politics <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Animals+and+Animal+Politics&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=xii%2B180&rft.series=Palgrave+Macmillan+Animal+Ethics+Series"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics.jpg/220px-Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1e/Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="392" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Wissenburg" title="Marcel Wissenburg">Marcel Wissenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Schlosberg" title="David Schlosberg">David Schlosberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subjects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">Animal ethics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_exceptionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Human exceptionalism">human exceptionalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_politics" title="Environmental politics">environmental politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">social philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_communication" title="Political communication">political communication</a><sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edited_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Edited collection">Edited collection</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">xii+180<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43461-6">978-1-137-43461-6</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Political Animals and Animal Politics</b></i> is a 2014 <a href="/wiki/Edited_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Edited collection">edited collection</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a> and edited by the <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theorist">political theorists</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Wissenburg" title="Marcel Wissenburg">Marcel Wissenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Schlosberg" title="David Schlosberg">David Schlosberg</a>. The work addresses the emergence of academic <a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">animal ethics</a> informed by <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">moral philosophy</a>. It was the first edited collection to be published on the topic, and the first book-length attempt to explore the breadth and boundaries of the literature. As well as a substantial introduction by the editors, it features ten sole-authored chapters split over three parts, respectively concerning <a href="/wiki/Political_institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Political institutions">institutional</a> change for animals, the relationship between animal ethics and <a href="/wiki/Ecologism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologism">ecologism</a>, and real-world laws made for the benefit of animals. The book's contributors were Wissenburg, Schlosberg, Manuel Arias-Maldonado, Chad Flanders, Christie Smith, Clemens Driessen, Simon Otjes, Kurtis Boyer, Per-Anders Svärd, and Mihnea Tanasescu. The focus of their individual chapters varies, but recurring features include discussions of <a href="/wiki/Human_exceptionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Human exceptionalism">human exceptionalism</a>, exploration of ways that animal issues are or could be present in political discourse, and reflections on the relationship between theory and practice in politics. </p><p>In part, <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> arose from a <a href="/wiki/Academic_workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic workshop">workshop</a> that Wissenburg and Schlosberg organised at the 2012 <a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">European Consortium for Political Research</a> Joint Sessions <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">conference</a>, though not all attendees contributed to the volume and not all contributors presented at the workshop. Footage of the workshop appeared in <i>De Haas in de Marathon</i> (<i>The Pacer in the Marathon</i>), a 2012 documentary about the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a>. <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was published as part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palgrave_Macmillan_Animal_Ethics_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series (page does not exist)">Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series</a>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a>. </p><p>Reviewers identified the contributions from Driessen, Flanders and Boyer as of particular interest, but challenged the inclusion of chapters focused on the environment. They criticised the book's failure to include contributions from, or sufficiently engage with the work of, the key voices in the politically focused animal ethics literature, such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimberly_K._Smith" title="Kimberly K. Smith">Kimberly Smith</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a>. Wissenburg's chapter was identified as the one that engaged most directly with this literature, but his approach was a negative one. Garner has written that <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> should be praised for its trailblazing, but predicted that it would be superseded by stronger collections on the same theme. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_release">Production and release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production and release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theorist">political theorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Wissenburg" title="Marcel Wissenburg">Marcel Wissenburg</a> and the American green political theorist <a href="/wiki/David_Schlosberg" title="David Schlosberg">David Schlosberg</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organised a <a href="/wiki/Academic_workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic workshop">workshop</a> entitled "Political Animals and Animal Politics" at the 2012 <a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">European Consortium for Political Research</a> Joint Sessions <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">conference</a>, which was held at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Antwerp" title="University of Antwerp">University of Antwerp</a>, Belgium, between 10 and 15 April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-ECPR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two had been talking for around a year about organising a conference broadly on the theme of "nature, animals and political theory".<sup id="cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowing_Animals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The workshop aimed to fill a gap in the political literature on the status of nonhuman animals, something, they claimed, previously considered only at the margins of work otherwise about the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_politics" title="Environmental politics">environment</a>/<a href="/wiki/Resource_management" title="Resource management">resource management</a>, or else by those more primarily interested in <a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">moral</a> issues.<sup id="cite_ref-ECPR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Wissenburg and Schlosberg presented papers; papers were also presented by Manuel Arias-Maldonado (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">University of Granada</a>), Susan Boonman-Berson (<a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University and Research">Wageningen University and Research</a>), Kurtis Boyer (<a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>), Clemens Driessen (<a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a>), Chad Flanders (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>), Margareta Hanes (<a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Vrije Universiteit Brussel</a>), Paul Lucardie (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a>), Christopher Neff (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>), Kaspar Ossenblok (<a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>), Simon Otjes (<a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>), Christie Smith (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a>), Mihnea Tanasescu (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and Catherine Zwetkoff (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Schlosberg, the workshop, and the wide range of papers presented, illustrated the "coming-of-age of animal politics as a subfield of political theory".<sup id="cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowing_Animals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg/220px-Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg/330px-Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg/440px-Party_for_the_Animals_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="144" /></a><figcaption>Speakers affiliated with the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> <i>(logo pictured)</i> joined the workshop on its second day, and footage of the conference appeared in the film <i>De Haas in de Marathon</i> (<i>The Pacer in the Marathon</i>, 2012) about the party.</figcaption></figure> <p>The workshop featured a lecture by Michel Vandenbosch, of the Belgian organisation <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Action_in_the_Interest_of_Animals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Action in the Interest of Animals (page does not exist)">Global Action in the Interest of Animals</a>. On the second day, those involved were joined by <a href="/wiki/Niko_Koffeman" title="Niko Koffeman">Niko Koffeman</a> of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> and Karen Soeters of that party's Nicolaas G. Pierson Foundation <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a>. Footage from that day of the workshop, shot by Joost de Haas, was included in the documentary film <i>De Haas in de Marathon</i> (<i>The Pacer in the Marathon</i>, 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-Acknowledgements_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acknowledgements-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was created by de Haas, who was commissioned by the Nicolaas G. Pierson Foundation. It focuses on the Party for the Animals's first ten years, including interviews with people associated with the party and explorations of the party's public reception. The film premiered on 28 October 2012, during a gathering to celebrate the party's 10th anniversary. It has since been made available in numerous languages.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wissenburg and Schlosberg's workshop formed the basis of <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Edited_collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Edited collection">collection</a> edited by Wissenburg and Schlosberg, earlier versions of many of the volume's chapters having been presented at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Acknowledgements_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acknowledgements-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, the editors had intended to have discussion of <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>, of movements for animals and of real-world politics, but the final volume was somewhat more theory-based than this.<sup id="cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowing_Animals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was published in 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palgrave_Macmillan_Animal_Ethics_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series (page does not exist)">Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series</a>, which is edited by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a>. This interdisciplinary series aims to explore the practical and conceptual challenges posed by <a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">animal ethics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-series_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-series-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was published in <a href="/wiki/Hardback_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardback book">hardback</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43461-6">978-1-137-43461-6</a>), <a href="/wiki/Softback_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Softback book">softback</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-68310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-68310-9">978-1-349-68310-9</a>), <a href="/wiki/EBook" class="mw-redirect" title="EBook">eBook</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-68308-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-68308-6">978-1-349-68308-6</a>), and online (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-68308-6">10.1007/978-1-349-68308-6</a>) formats.<sup id="cite_ref-Palgrave_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palgrave-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was the first edited collection devoted to the "political turn in animal ethics", and the first "book-length attempt at seeking to define the contours" of this literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a>, the book may have been the first time that <i>political turn in animal ethics</i>—a phrase that had been used at European conferences for a number of years—appeared in print.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "animal political philosophy" is identified by the editors as an academic literature at the meeting point of animal ethics, <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> and real-world (but theory-driven) politics. Wissenburg and Schlosberg posit that this literature, though at one time only a small part of more morally focused animal ethics, has developed into a separate field of enquiry in its own right. They single out two key texts: Robert Garner's 2013 <i>A Theory of Justice for Animals</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a>'s 2011 <i>Zoopolis</i> (Oxford University Press).<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognising the editors' identification of the political turn in animal ethics, Garner, writing with O'Sullivan and <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argues that the literature is both made distinct and unified by its focus on <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a>; contributions to this literature, these authors argue, "imagine how political institutions, structures and processes might be <i>transformed</i> so as to secure justice for both human and nonhuman animals. Put simply, the essential feature of the political turn is this <i>constructive</i> focus on justice."<sup id="cite_ref-and_the_political_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-and_the_political-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> has three key aims, and, correspondingly, its chapters are split into three sections. These aims are the analysis of three key "innovations" that the editors identify in the book's introduction. The first of these is the move, in animal ethics, from thinking about personal change to thinking about the implementation of rules or norms of conduct at the societal level. The second of these is a possible <a href="/wiki/Rapprochement" title="Rapprochement">rapprochement</a> between animal ethics and <a href="/wiki/Ecologism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologism">ecologism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Environmental_ethics" title="Environmental ethics">environmental ethics</a> and green political theory). The third is the increased presence of animal protection laws for the benefit of nonhuman animals themselves. Aside from the introduction, the book features ten single-authored chapters: three in Part I: The Politicization of the Animal Advocacy Discourse, three in Part II: The Rapprochement between Animal Ethics and Ecologism, and four in Part III: The Introduction of Laws and Institutions for the Benefit of Animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Chapter list </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Section </th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">Chapter title </th> <th scope="col">Author(s) </th> <th scope="col">Affiliation<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>1</td> <td>"Introducing Animal Politics and Political Animals"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Wissenburg, Marcel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Marcel Wissenburg</span></span></span> and David Schlosberg</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radboud_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Radboud University">Radboud University</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Part I: The Politicization of the Animal Advocacy Discourse</td> <td>2</td> <td>"Rethinking the Human-Animal Divide in the Anthropocene"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Arias-Maldonado, Manuel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Manuel Arias-Maldonado</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="University of Málaga">University of Málaga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>"An Agenda for Animal Political Theory"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Wissenburg, Marcel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Marcel Wissenburg</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radboud_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Radboud University">Radboud University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>"Public Reason and Animal Rights"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Flanders, Chad"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Chad Flanders</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University" title="Saint Louis University">Saint Louis University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Part II: The Rapprochement between Animal Ethics and Ecologism</td> <td>5</td> <td>"Articulating Ecological Injustices of Recognition"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Smith, Christie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Christie Smith</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>"Ecological Justice for the Anthropocene"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Schlosberg, David"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">David Schlosberg</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>"Animal Deliberation"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Driessen, Clemens"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Clemens Driessen</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University and Research">Wageningen University and Research</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Part III: The Introduction of Laws and Institutions for the Benefit of Animals</td> <td>8</td> <td>"Animal Party Politics in Parliament"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Otjes, Simon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Simon Otjes</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen University">Groningen University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>"The Limits of Species Advocacy"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Boyer, Kurtis"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Kurtis Boyer</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>"Slaughter and Animal Welfarism in Sweden 1900–1944"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Svärd, Per-Anders"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Per-Anders Svärd</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>"The Rights of Nature: Theory and Practice"</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Tanasescu, Mihnea"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Mihnea Tanasescu</span></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vrije_Universiteit_Brussel" title="Vrije Universiteit Brussel">Free University of Brussels</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>"Rethinking the Human-Animal Divide in the Anthropocene", Manuel Arias-Maldonado</dt></dl> <p>Arias-Maldonado argues that traditional appeals to the value of nonhuman animals have failed to be sufficiently motivating, and that, instead, human/nonhuman relationships are appropriately grounded upon the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Human_exceptionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Human exceptionalism">human exceptionalism</a> and human domination. These notions, he claims, can be the basis of political transformation for nonhuman animals. He argues that once these ideas are properly understood, they can ground an idea of human <a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">sympathy</a> for nonhuman animals, which is just one part of a caring and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable">sustainable</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</a>. Even if an alternative politics might ultimately be preferable, Arias-Maldonado argues, a change to a focus on sympathy might be useful and realistic as a political strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"An Agenda for Animal Political Theory", Marcel Wissenburg</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TomRegan2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tom Regan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TomRegan2.jpg/136px-TomRegan2.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TomRegan2.jpg/204px-TomRegan2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TomRegan2.jpg/272px-TomRegan2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="2472" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Will_kymlicka.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Will Kymlicka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Will_kymlicka.JPG/148px-Will_kymlicka.JPG" decoding="async" width="148" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Will_kymlicka.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">In chapter 3, Wissenburg challenges liberal assumptions in <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a>, including both the "old" liberalism of <a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a> <i>(left)</i> and the "new" liberalism of <a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a> <i>(right)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wissenburg_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wissenburg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>For the purposes of his contribution, Wissenburg takes many standard contentions in animal ethics for granted. However, he challenges mainstream animal ethicists' tendency to adopt the language of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, which he suggests misconstrues nonhuman animals as individuals and posits <a href="/wiki/False_dichotomies" class="mw-redirect" title="False dichotomies">false dichotomies</a> about their status. This adoption of liberal ideas can come in <a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a>'s "old" form or Donaldson and Kymlicka's "new" form. Wissenburg challenges Donaldson and Kymlicka's extension of <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> to nonhuman animals, and instead sketches the outline of an alternative proposal that pays attention to individual animals' modes of being. This he labels, adapting a phrase from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Robert Nozick</a>, "liberalism for humans and <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> for animals".<sup id="cite_ref-Wissenburg_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wissenburg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Public Reason and Animal Rights", Chad Flanders</dt></dl> <p>Flanders argues that nonhuman animals could be "below" politics, in that they do not have politically considerable interests, or "above" politics, in that they have <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a> that trump political decision-making processes. Flanders argues that if animals are excluded from basic justice, as <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">John Rawls</a> held, they can be defended on <a href="/wiki/Metaphysical" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphysical">metaphysical</a> grounds (what Rawls refers to as on the basis of <i>comprehensive doctrines</i>, as opposed to the <i>public reasons</i> which must be used for arguments in the political realm). This is potentially liberating for animal advocates. Nonetheless, Flanders argues, animal issues may be matters of basic justice insofar as they affect humans or that animals themselves have rights. Alternatively, the wrongness of <a href="/wiki/Animal_cruelty" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal cruelty">animal cruelty</a> may be a "fixed point" in our political reasoning. Flanders concludes that Rawlsianism provides a good starting point for the inclusion of animals in political decision-making.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Articulating Ecological Injustices of Recognition", Christie Smith</dt></dl> <p>Smith draws on <a href="/wiki/Val_Plumwood" title="Val Plumwood">Val Plumwood</a> to argue that rather than solely think about resituating animals in ethical terms, what is needed is the resituation of humans in ecological terms; both are needed, she argues, as the two tasks are linked. Smith rejects the <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>/nature dichotomy, and suggests that a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_recognition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of recognition (page does not exist)">politics of recognition</a> is an appropriate way to think about relationships. She draws upon <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecofeminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecofeminist">ecofeminist</a> literature to conceive of recognition theory beyond <a href="/wiki/Intersubjective" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersubjective">intersubjective</a> self/other relations, allowing recognition beyond the human self. Smith seeks to show that recognition theories should not be considered "soft" or "naive" as accounts of justice, and instead that they offer an appropriate mode for thinking about ecological and animal injustices.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Ecological Justice for the Anthropocene", David Schlosberg</dt></dl> <p>Schlosberg's contribution, is partly a response to challenges made to his <i>Defining Environmental Justice</i> (2007).<sup id="cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knowing_Animals-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schlosberg aims to step beyond previous accounts of <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> or environmentalism as requirements of justice by deploying a mixed <a href="/wiki/Capabilities_approach" class="mw-redirect" title="Capabilities approach">capabilities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Deliberative_democracy" title="Deliberative democracy">deliberation</a> approach applicable to both ecosystems and nonhuman animals. Schlosberg challenges criticisms of his capabilities approach (specifically, a capabilities approach that moves beyond humans) grounded in the existence of conflicts of capabilities, claiming that a form of deliberative democracy can overcome the problem posed by these conflicts. His mixed account, he claims, provides a form of justice appropriate for thinking about human and nonhuman individuals and collectives in the Anthropocene.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Animal Deliberation", Clemens Driessen</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_flap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cat emerging from a cat flap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cat_flap.jpg/126px-Cat_flap.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cat_flap.jpg/189px-Cat_flap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Cat_flap.jpg/252px-Cat_flap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Polar bear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/158px-Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/237px-Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/316px-Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">In chapter 7, Clemens Driessen argues that the building of a door with a <a href="/wiki/Pet_door" title="Pet door">cat flap</a> <i>(left)</i> could result from political deliberation between cats and humans,<sup id="cite_ref-Driessen_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driessen-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while, in chapter 9, Kurtis Boyer explores the political motivations of various groups claiming to champion conservation of <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bears</a> <i>(right)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Driessen explores ways in which nonhuman animals might be understood to be engaging in political deliberation. His claim is <a href="/wiki/Empirical_research" title="Empirical research">empirical</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Norm_(philosophy)" title="Norm (philosophy)">normative</a>, as he presents nonhuman animals as already being in political dialogue with humans; rather than arguing that rights should be extended to animals, he calls for a recognition of how interactions with animals have always been political. This is particularly noticeable, he argues, when humans are involved in the development of new technologies, analysing the example (following <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Bruno Latour</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Lagaffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston Lagaffe">Gaston Lagaffe</a> building a door in dialogue with his boss and the office cat, and of farmers and cows using <a href="/wiki/Milking_robots" class="mw-redirect" title="Milking robots">milking robots</a>. He argues that a recognition of this animal deliberation can lead to more thoughtful forms of both environmentalism and democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Driessen_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driessen-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Animal Party Politics in Parliament", Simon Otjes</dt></dl> <p>Otjes's approach is more empirical than that of many contributors to <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Otjes_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otjes-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He examines the Dutch Party for the Animals (PvdD), which, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_general_election,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch general election, 2006">in 2006</a>, won two seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a>. Otjes explores whether the PvdD's presence has changed the amount of time more established parties spent on animal issues by examining both parliamentary speeches and motions before and after the introduction of the PvdD members. He finds that established parties began to talk more about animal issues in 2006, and that this could be attributed to conflict between the PvdD and the established parties. Though Otjes allows that his study's relevance may seem limited, he concludes that smaller parties can affect government agenda by remaining focused on their own primary concern.<sup id="cite_ref-Otjes_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otjes-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"The Limits of Species Advocacy", Kurtis Boyer</dt></dl> <p>Boyer observes the distinction between how nonhuman animals can receive political protection <i>as individuals</i> and <i>as species</i>. He argues that the latter form of protection is motivated by a desire to preserve human experience of the species rather than the experiences of the nonhuman animals themselves. Politically motivated species advocacy, Boyer argues, is highly <a href="/wiki/Anthropocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropocentric">anthropocentric</a>, as advocates present these animals as sharing in particular revered <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtues</a>; as a result, the likes of habitat and genetic health are the focus of advocates, rather than the nonhuman animals themselves. Using the example of <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> preservation, Boyer illustrates how species advocacy becomes tied up with broader political goals concerning humans and competing visions of the value of animals. He concludes that the advancement of species advocacy can limit the achievement of the goals of the <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> or animal rights movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Slaughter and Animal Welfarism in Sweden 1900–1944", Per-Anders Svärd</dt></dl> <p>Svärd, taking a more empirical approach than many other contributors,<sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Otjes_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otjes-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explores laws surrounding animal welfare in early 20th-century Sweden. He seeks to offer an empirical grounding for the argument that animal welfarism is problematic for animals, entrenching harmful use and <a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">speciesism</a>. He analyses all official documentation from the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> from 1900 to 1944 on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">animal slaughter</a> and welfare drawing upon <a href="/wiki/Foucauldian" class="mw-redirect" title="Foucauldian">Foucauldian</a> <a href="/wiki/Policy_analysis" title="Policy analysis">policy analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poststructuralist" class="mw-redirect" title="Poststructuralist">poststructuralist</a> <a href="/wiki/Discourse_analysis" title="Discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a>. He conceives of the debates as a political <a href="/wiki/Problematisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Problematisation">problematisation</a> in which (drawing upon <a href="/wiki/Lacanian_psychoanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacanian psychoanalysis">Lacanian psychoanalysis</a>) animal cruelty was blamed on certain "other" groups (such as <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a>). He argues that animal welfarism was not the natural continuation of an old anti-cruelty discourse, but that Sweden's 1937 regulation of slaughter and 1944 animal protection laws served to reconstitute, reaffirm, and expand speciesist relations, paving the way for animal exploitation's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"The Rights of Nature: Theory and Practice", Mihnea Tanasescu</dt></dl> <p>Tanasescu explores the idea of <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of Nature">rights for nature</a>, an idea that, though unorthodox, has seen success in implementation. He introduces the concept, with a focus on the differences between <a href="/wiki/Moral_and_legal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral and legal rights">moral and legal rights</a>, before examining the particular case of Ecuador's entrenchment of rights for nature in its <a href="/wiki/2008_Constitution_of_Ecuador" title="2008 Constitution of Ecuador">2008 constitution</a>, which is compared with other real-world cases. He finally addresses what can be learnt from these theoretical and practical considerations. He concludes that much work on the topic is left to be done, but the key lesson to be learnt is the significance of innovation; environmental politics, he claims, should remain both inventive and optimistic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_reception">Academic reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 25%; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External media</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowinganimals.libsyn.com/knowing-animals-14-ecological-justice-and-animals-with-david-schlosberg"><i>Knowing Animals</i>, episode 14: "Ecological justice and animals with David Schlosberg"</a><br />David Schlosberg discusses his contribution to <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> on the <i>Knowing Animals</i> podcast</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Video</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpEAfjLnBd8">Defining Human-Animal Studies, video 14: "The Political Turn in Animal Ethics"</a><br />Siobhan O'Sullivan defines "the political turn in animal ethics" for the <a href="/wiki/Animals_%26_Society_Institute" title="Animals & Society Institute">Animals & Society Institute</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was reviewed by Garner for <i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Values_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Values (journal)">Environmental Values</a></i>, and the philosophers Jeremy David Bendik-Keymer, Josh Milburn, and Dan Hooley for <i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Ethics_(journal)" title="Environmental Ethics (journal)">Environmental Ethics</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Political_Studies_Review" title="Political Studies Review">Political Studies Review</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garner lamented the absence of many of the key voices in the political theory literature on animal ethics—such as Cochrane, Donaldson and Kymlicka, O'Sullivan, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Milligan" title="Tony Milligan">Tony Milligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimberly_K._Smith" title="Kimberly K. Smith">Kimberly Smith</a> or Garner himself—in the book, meaning that <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> "takes on the role of an observer of this debate rather than directly contributing to it in a leading sense".<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also felt that the book offered little consideration of the details of the work of these leading theorists, identifying the absence of discussion of Cochrane's interest-based rights approach, a superficial consideration of Regan's account of animal rights, an oversimplification of his own position and a lack of context to understand the respective work of Kimberly Smith and O'Sullivan. He considered Wissenburg's chapter to be the only one that engages with the debate about the political turn in general, but noted that Wissenburg's approach is a negative one; Garner considered this unsurprising, given that Wissenburg is a green political theorist with little sympathy for "animal political theory".<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bendik-Keymer praised the book as having a "report-from-a-cutting-edge-conference quality", characterising two conceptual divides as shaping the volume: first, the distinction between theories endorsing human exceptionalism and those not; and, second, the disconnect between theory and practice. For him, the essays of part three—effectively three <a href="/wiki/Case_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Case studies">case studies</a>—illustrated ways that the "actual practice of politics evince psychological and pragmatic concerns that do not fit neatly into normative foundations". The core philosophical debate (about human exceptionalism) takes place in parts one and two. In part one, he suggested, essays assumed (and sometimes supported) human exceptionalism, sometimes framing it as the only justified way to include animals in politics, while human exceptionalism was denied in part two. It is Bendik-Keymer's view, in line with part one but against part two, that one need not reject anthropocentrism to "open up ecological thought". Anthropocentrism, he argued, can be "open to ecological identifications, having humane virtues, and showing responsibility for our behavior", though this is often denied in environmental ethics. Parts two and three, Bendik-Keymer felt, reveal "the need for a viable politics of animals to be grounded in an adequate experience of community". The area of research that the book exposes, he argued, is animal community, and, in particular, whether animals' roles as co-creators of community (though not politics) calls for their recognition as political agents, rather than simply being included in politics through the ethical concern of human political agents.<sup id="cite_ref-Keymer_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keymer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milburn questioned the success of the volume in achieving its second stated goal, concerning rapprochement between animal and environmental ethics; he considered the contributions respectively of Christie Smith, Schlosberg, and Tanasescu to be more clearly in the domain of environmental ethics than animal ethics, questioning the extent to which they belong in a volume about "animal politics".<sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Hooley argued that <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> was "less of a work in the emerging field of animal politics than it is a collection of essays in the field of environmental politics".<sup id="cite_ref-Hooley_review_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooley_review-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, he claimed it could be viewed as a mixed work, noting that the contributions from Flanders, Otjes, Boyer and Svärd offered new contributions to the literature on animals and politics. Hooley thought it surprising that few authors engaged with the work of Donaldson and Kymlicka, and was critical of Wissenburg's discussion of the pair, which he claimed was "all too brief and ultimately disappointing".<sup id="cite_ref-Hooley_review_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooley_review-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Milburn thought that the opening chapters (and introduction) did well to establish the volume, and was happy with the inclusion of the more empirical contributions, given their potential theoretical significance. He picked out the chapters by Driessen, Boyer, and Wissenburg respectively as highlights, suggesting that the contributions of Driessen and Boyer seemed to challenge the volume's second stated goal, and noting that, though it was strong, he disagreed with the claims of Wissenburg's chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garner highlighted the contributions of Flanders and Driessen, and commended the editors for putting together the book.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hooley concluded his review by claiming that the book offered something to those interested in the place of animals in politics, but that much of its contents would be of more interest for those looking to read about environmental political theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Hooley_review_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooley_review-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Garner identified <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> as the first edited collection devoted to the political turn in animal ethics. Though he claimed that it was likely to be superseded, he argued that <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> should be "welcomed for its trailblazing".<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent collections identified in reviews of the literature in the political turn include Garner and O'Sullivan's <i>The Political Turn in Animal Ethics</i> and Andrew Woodhall and Gabriel Garmendia da Trindade's <i>Ethical and Political Approaches to Nonhuman Animal Issues</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-and_the_political_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-and_the_political-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lockean_property_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockean_property-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Philosophy_Compass_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philosophy_Compass-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another publication identified in these reviews is the <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> <i>Politics and Animals</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-and_the_political_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-and_the_political-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lockean_property_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockean_property-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Philosophy_Compass_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philosophy_Compass-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this published its first issue in 2015 with an "editorial collective" consisting of Boyer, Svärd, Katherine Wayne and Guy Scotton.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the time of the "Political Animals and Animal Politics" workshop, Wissenburg and Schlosberg were based at <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Radboud University">Radboud University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-ECPR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the book's publication, Wissenburg was Professor of Political Theory at the Department of Public Administration and Political Science at Radboud, and Schlosberg was Professor of Environmental Politics in the Department of Government and International Relations at Sydney.<sup id="cite_ref-Contributors_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contributors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University affiliations match those at the time of the "Political Animal and Animal Politics" workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-ECPR_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECPR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Cochrane and O'Sullivan are identified by Wissenburg and Schlosberg as contributors to the animal political philosophy literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the time of the book's publication.<sup id="cite_ref-Contributors_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contributors-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When their respective reviews were published, Garner was Professor of Political Theory at Leicester,<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_review_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bendik-Keymer was based at <a href="/wiki/Case-Western_Reserve_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Case-Western Reserve University">Case-Western Reserve University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Keymer_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keymer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milburn was based at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Milburn_review_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milburn_review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hooley was based at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hooley_review_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hooley_review-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Palgrave-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palgrave_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palgrave.com/gb/book/9781137434616#otherversion=9781349683109"><i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i></a>". <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECPR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECPR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECPR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECPR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECPR_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecpr.eu/events/paneldetails.aspx?panelid=11&eventid=6">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a>". <a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">European Consortium for Political Research</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Contributors-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Contributors_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Contributors_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-349-68308-6%2F1.pdf">Notes on Contributors</a>". In: Marcel Wissenburg and David Schlosberg (eds.) <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i>. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. x–xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knowing_Animals-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowing_Animals_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan,_Siobhan2015" class="citation podcast cs1">O'Sullivan, Siobhan (12 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowinganimals.libsyn.com/knowing-animals-14-ecological-justice-and-animals-with-david-schlosberg">"Episode 14: Ecological justice and animals with David Schlosberg"</a>. <i>Knowing Animals</i> (Podcast)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Episode+14%3A+Ecological+justice+and+animals+with+David+Schlosberg&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.au=O%27Sullivan%2C+Siobhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowinganimals.libsyn.com%2Fknowing-animals-14-ecological-justice-and-animals-with-david-schlosberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+Animals+and+Animal+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acknowledgements-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acknowledgements_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acknowledgements_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wissenburg, Marcel, and David Schlosberg (2014). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-349-68308-6%2F1.pdf">Acknowledgements</a>". In: Marcel Wissenburg and David Schlosberg (eds.) <i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i>. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. viii–ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814013110/http://www.dehaasindemarathon.nl/en/over-de-film/">"About the film"</a>. De Haas in de Marathon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dehaasindemarathon.nl/en/over-de-film/">the original</a> on 14 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+film&rft.pub=De+Haas+in+de+Marathon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dehaasindemarathon.nl%2Fen%2Fover-de-film%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+Animals+and+Animal+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-series-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-series_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palgrave.com/gb/series/14421">The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series</a>". <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. 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"<i>Political Animals and Animal Politics</i> by Marcel Wissenburg and David Schlosberg". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></i>. <b>6</b> (2): 236–237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fjanimalethics.6.2.0236">10.5406/janimalethics.6.2.0236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ethics&rft.atitle=Political+Animals+and+Animal+Politics+by+Marcel+Wissenburg+and+David+Schlosberg&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=236-237&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Fjanimalethics.6.2.0236&rft.au=Hooley%2C+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+Animals+and+Animal+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockean_property-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lockean_property_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockean_property_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilburn,_Josh2017" class="citation journal cs1">Milburn, Josh (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/157873/3/Nonhuman%20animals%20as%20property%20holders%2C%20Academia%20dot%20edu.pdf">"Nonhuman animals as property holders: An exploration of the Lockean labour-mixing account"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Values" title="Environmental Values">Environmental Values</a></i>. <b>26</b> (5): 629–648. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3197%2F096327117X15002190708155">10.3197/096327117X15002190708155</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148848582">148848582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Values&rft.atitle=Nonhuman+animals+as+property+holders%3A+An+exploration+of+the+Lockean+labour-mixing+account&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=629-648&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3197%2F096327117X15002190708155&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148848582%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Milburn%2C+Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F157873%2F3%2FNonhuman%2520animals%2520as%2520property%2520holders%252C%2520Academia%2520dot%2520edu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+Animals+and+Animal+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philosophy_Compass-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Philosophy_Compass_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philosophy_Compass_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKymlicka,_WillSue_Donaldson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kymlicka, Will; Sue Donaldson (2016). "Locating animals in political philosophy". <i>Philosophy Compass</i>. <b>11</b> (11): 692–701. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fphc3.12365">10.1111/phc3.12365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+Compass&rft.atitle=Locating+animals+in+political+philosophy&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=692-701&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fphc3.12365&rft.au=Kymlicka%2C+Will&rft.au=Sue+Donaldson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+Animals+and+Animal+Politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyer, Kurtis, Guy Scotton, Per-Anders Svärd and Katherine Wayne (2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/pa/article/view/15043/13596">Editors' introduction</a>". <i>Politics and Animals</i> <b>1</b> (1): 1–5. <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donaldson, Sue, and Will Kymlicka (2011). <i>Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Garner, Robert (2013). <i>A Theory of Justice for Animals</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Garner, Robert, and Siobhan O'Sulluvan, eds. (2016). <i>The Political Turn in Animal Ethics</i>. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.</li> <li>Woodhall, Andrew, and Gabriel Garmendia da Trindade, eds. (2017). <i>Ethical and Political Approaches to Nonhuman Animal Issues</i>. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-54549-3">10.1007/978-3-319-54549-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(animal_rights)" title="Abolitionism (animal rights)">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">Animal cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_ethics" title="Animal ethics">Animal ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Animal–industrial complex">Animal–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_law" title="Animal law">Animal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_protectionism" title="Animal protectionism">Animal protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a 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title="Insects in ethics">Insects in ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_rescue" title="Open rescue">Open rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personism" title="Personism">Personism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentiocentrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentiocentrism">Sentiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal agriculture">Animal agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_cage" title="Battery cage">Battery cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_bear" title="Bile bear">Bile bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">Chick culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation" title="Concentrated animal feeding operation">Concentrated animal feeding operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insect_farming" title="Insect farming">Insect farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Intensive animal farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_pig_farming" title="Intensive pig farming">Intensive pig farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_farming" title="Wildlife farming">Wildlife farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_(pork_industry)" title="Feedback (pork industry)">Feedback (pork industry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_depopulation" title="Foam depopulation">Foam depopulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shutdown" title="Ventilation shutdown">Ventilation shutdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing" title="Alternatives to animal testing">Alternatives to animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates" title="Animal testing on non-human primates">Animal testing on non-human primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations" title="Animal testing regulations">Animal testing regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Scare" title="Green Scare">Green Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">Model organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafovanny" title="Nafovanny">Nafovanny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(FBI)" title="Operation Backfire (FBI)">Operation Backfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivisection" title="Vivisection">Vivisection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_euthanasia" title="Animal euthanasia">Animal euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_amphibians" title="Pain in amphibians">Pain in amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods" title="Pain in cephalopods">Pain in cephalopods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates" title="Pain in invertebrates">Pain in invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain and suffering in laboratory animals">Pain and suffering in laboratory animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_of_farmed_insects" title="Welfare of farmed insects">Welfare of farmed insects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animals">Wild animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culling_wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Culling wildlife">Culling wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_primate_trade" title="International primate trade">International primate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_trade" title="Ivory trade">Ivory trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predation_problem" title="Predation problem">Predation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_animal_suffering" title="Wild animal suffering">Wild animal suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">Wildlife management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_pets" title="Abandoned pets">Abandoned pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Animal slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_trial" title="Animal trial">Animal trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_food" title="Live food">Live food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">Live export</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair" title="Brown Dog affair">Brown Dog affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLibel_case" title="McLibel case">McLibel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute" title="Monkey selfie copyright dispute">Monkey selfie copyright dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_of_despair" title="Pit of despair">Pit of despair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty" title="Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty">SHAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys" title="Silver Spring monkeys">Silver Spring monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_1985_laboratory_raid" title="University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid">University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss" title="Unnecessary Fuss">Unnecessary Fuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_currents" title="War of the currents">War of the currents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methodologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_sabotage" title="Hunt sabotage">Hunt sabotage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Speciesism" title="World Day for the End of Speciesism">World Day for the End of Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_Laboratory_Animals" title="World Day for Laboratory Animals">World Day for Laboratory Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_for_the_End_of_Fishing" title="World Day for the End of Fishing">World Day for the End of Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Advocates_(academics,_writers,_activists)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates" title="List of animal rights advocates">Advocates</a> (academics, writers, activists)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics<br />and writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aysha_Akhtar" title="Aysha Akhtar">Aysha Akhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Andrews" title="Kristin Andrews">Kristin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Beauchamp" title="Tom Beauchamp">Tom Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paola_Cavalieri" title="Paola Cavalieri">Paola Cavalieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._L._Clark" title="Stephen R. L. Clark">Stephen R. L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Cochrane" title="Alasdair Cochrane">Alasdair Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Crary" title="Alice Crary">Alice Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_DeGrazia" title="David DeGrazia">David DeGrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Donovan" title="Josephine Donovan">Josephine Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Dunayer" title="Joan Dunayer">Joan Dunayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catia_Faria" title="Catia Faria">Catia Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Finsen" title="Lawrence Finsen">Lawrence Finsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garner" title="Robert Garner">Robert Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Gruen" title="Lori Gruen">Lori Gruen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hadley_(philosopher)" title="John Hadley (philosopher)">John Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Jamieson" title="Dale Jamieson">Dale Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Johannsen" title="Kyle Johannsen">Kyle Johannsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Kean" title="Hilda Kean">Hilda Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Will Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lyons" title="Dan Lyons">Dan Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Palmer" title="Clare Palmer">Clare Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Patterson_(author)" title="Charles Patterson (author)">Charles Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Pierce" title="Jessica Pierce">Jessica Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Pluhar" title="Evelyn Pluhar">Evelyn Pluhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rowlands" title="Mark Rowlands">Mark Rowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Ryder" title="Richard D. Ryder">Richard D. Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_F._Sapontzis" title="Steve F. Sapontzis">Steve F. Sapontzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sebo" title="Jeff Sebo">Jeff Sebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Steiner" title="Gary Steiner">Gary Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatjana_Vi%C5%A1ak" title="Tatjana Višak">Tatjana Višak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waldau" title="Paul Waldau">Paul Waldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Renaud_Boullier" title="David Renaud Boullier">David Renaud Boullier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_St._C._Bostock" title="Stephen St. C. Bostock">Stephen St. C. Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_Brophy" title="Brigid Brophy">Brigid Brophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Buchan" title="Peter Buchan">Peter Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Caird" title="Mona Caird">Mona Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cohn" title="Priscilla Cohn">Priscilla Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crowe_(vicar)" title="Henry Crowe (vicar)">Henry Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daggett" title="Herman Daggett">Herman Daggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dean_(curate)" title="Richard Dean (curate)">Richard Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dietler" title="Wilhelm Dietler">Wilhelm Dietler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Drummond" title="William Hamilton Drummond">William Hamilton Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Payson_Evans" title="Edward Payson Evans">Edward Payson Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Gentry" title="Thomas G. Gentry">Thomas G. Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Helps" title="Arthur Helps">Arthur Helps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hildrop" title="John Hildrop">John Hildrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zephaniah_Holwell" title="John Zephaniah Holwell">John Zephaniah Holwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soame_Jenyns" title="Soame Jenyns">Soame Jenyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Friedrich_Krause" title="Karl Christian Friedrich Krause">Karl Christian Friedrich Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(writer)" title="John Lawrence (writer)">John Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Magel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Magel">Charles R. Magel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Jean Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Midgley" title="Mary Midgley">Mary Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrater_Mora" title="José Ferrater Mora">José Ferrater Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nelson" title="Leonard Nelson">Leonard Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Nicholson_(librarian)" title="Edward Nicholson (librarian)">Edward Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_O%27Sullivan" title="Siobhan O'Sullivan">Siobhan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Primatt" title="Humphrey Primatt">Humphrey Primatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Peabody_Rogers" title="Nathaniel Peabody Rogers">Nathaniel Peabody Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Rollin" title="Bernard Rollin">Bernard Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurids_Smith" title="Laurids Smith">Laurids Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styles" title="John Styles">John Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tryon" title="Thomas Tryon">Thomas Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Varner" title="Gary Varner">Gary Varner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Ludwig_Volckmann" title="Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann">Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Warren" title="Mary Anne Warren">Mary Anne Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Gottlieb_Weigen" title="Adam Gottlieb Weigen">Adam Gottlieb Weigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Winckler" title="Johann Heinrich Winckler">Johann Heinrich Winckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Wise" title="Steven M. Wise">Steven M. Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Aspey" title="James Aspey">James Aspey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Avery" title="Greg Avery">Greg Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ball" title="Matt Ball">Matt Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Baskin" title="Carole Baskin">Carole Baskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbi_Twins" title="Barbi Twins">Barbi Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Baur" title="Gene Baur">Gene Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Carbstrong" title="Joey Carbstrong">Joey Carbstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymeric_Caron" title="Aymeric Caron">Aymeric Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Conroy" title="Jake Conroy">Jake Conroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Coronado" title="Rod Coronado">Rod Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Dawn" title="Karen Dawn">Karen Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_DeRose" title="Chris DeRose">Chris DeRose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Feldmann" title="John Feldmann">John Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Friedrich" title="Bruce Friedrich">Bruce Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_Gellatley" title="Juliet Gellatley">Juliet Gellatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Gilboa" title="Tal Gilboa">Tal Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Goetschel" title="Antoine Goetschel">Antoine Goetschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gold_(activist)" title="Mark Gold (activist)">Mark Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gothi%C3%A8re" title="Brigitte Gothière">Brigitte Gothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hsiung" title="Wayne Hsiung">Wayne Hsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Laws" title="Charlotte Laws">Charlotte Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Lee" title="Ronnie Lee">Ronnie Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evanna_Lynch" title="Evanna Lynch">Evanna Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Mann" title="Keith Mann">Keith Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mason_(activist)" title="Jim Mason (activist)">Jim Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mathews" title="Dan Mathews">Dan Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo-Anne_McArthur" title="Jo-Anne McArthur">Jo-Anne McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa_Mell" class="mw-redirect" title="Luísa Mell">Luísa Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_McKenna" title="Virginia McKenna">Virginia McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk" title="Ingrid Newkirk">Ingrid Newkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Nicholson" title="Heather Nicholson">Heather Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_O%27Barry" title="Ric O'Barry">Ric O'Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pacheco_(activist)" title="Alex Pacheco (activist)">Alex Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Rosebraugh" title="Craig Rosebraugh">Craig Rosebraugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Singer" title="Jasmin Singer">Jasmin Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Stallwood" title="Kim Stallwood">Kim Stallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Stoner" title="Lynda Stoner">Lynda Stoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Thieme" title="Marianne Thieme">Marianne Thieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Thurston" title="Darren Thurston">Darren Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Townend" title="Christine Townend">Christine Townend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Turner-Webster" title="Wendy Turner-Webster">Wendy Turner-Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak" title="Jerry Vlasak">Jerry Vlasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Wallis" title="Louise Wallis">Louise Wallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Yourofsky" title="Gary Yourofsky">Gary Yourofsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Vegan_Teacher" title="That Vegan Teacher">That Vegan Teacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Amory" title="Cleveland Amory">Cleveland Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Amos" title="Henry B. Amos">Henry B. Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Carrington" title="Edith Carrington">Edith Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Power_Cobbe" title="Frances Power Cobbe">Frances Power Cobbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Court" title="Joan Court">Joan Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Davis_(activist)" title="Karen Davis (activist)">Karen Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dixon" title="Royal Dixon">Royal Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Dowding,_Baroness_Dowding" title="Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding">Muriel Dowding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Farians" title="Elizabeth Farians">Elizabeth Farians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emarel_Freshel" title="Emarel Freshel">Emarel Freshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_G%C3%A9raud" title="André Géraud">André Géraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Granger" title="James Granger">James Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Horne_(activist)" title="Barry Horne (activist)">Barry Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Huot" title="Marie Huot">Marie Huot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzy_Lind_af_Hageby" title="Lizzy Lind af Hageby">Lizzy Lind af Hageby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Mackay" title="Jessie Mackay">Jessie Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Phelps" title="Norm Phelps">Norm Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jill_Phipps" title="Death of Jill Phipps">Jill Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Ingersoll_Probasco" title="Maud Ingersoll Probasco">Maud Ingersoll Probasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ruesch" title="Hans Ruesch">Hans Ruesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Shipman" title="Nell Shipman">Nell Shipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Spira" title="Henry Spira">Henry Spira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tyler" title="Andrew Tyler">Andrew Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Wyler" title="Gretchen Wyler">Gretchen Wyler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movement_(groups,_parties)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_movement" title="Animal rights movement">Movement</a> (groups, parties)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="American Anti-Vivisection Society">American Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Aid" title="Animal Aid">Animal Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_(organization)" title="Animal Ethics (organization)">Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_(organization)" title="Animal Justice (organization)">Animal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Project" title="Animal Justice Project">Animal Justice Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Animal Legal Defense Fund">Animal Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(organisation)" title="Animal Liberation (organisation)">Animal Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front" title="Animal Liberation Front">Animal Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rising" title="Animal Rising">Animal Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AnimaNaturalis" title="AnimaNaturalis">AnimaNaturalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vivisection_Coalition" title="Anti-Vivisection Coalition">Anti-Vivisection Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_for_the_Voiceless" title="Anonymous for the Voiceless">Anonymous for the Voiceless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Animals_and_Social_Justice" title="Centre for Animals and Social Justice">Centre for Animals and Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Animal_Protection_Network" title="Chinese Animal Protection Network">Chinese Animal Protection Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International" title="Cruelty Free International">Cruelty Free International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Everywhere" title="Direct Action Everywhere">Direct Action Everywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Against_Animal_Experiments" title="Doctors Against Animal Experiments">Doctors Against Animal Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimal" title="Equanimal">Equanimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Every_Animal" title="Every Animal">Every Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement" title="Farm Animal Rights Movement">Farm Animal Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunalytics" title="Faunalytics">Faunalytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Animals" title="In Defense of Animals">In Defense of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Animal_Rights_Advocates" title="Korea Animal Rights Advocates">Korea Animal Rights Advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L214" title="L214">L214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_for_Animals" title="Last Chance for Animals">Last Chance for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Animal_Rights_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition">Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_for_Animals" title="Mercy for Animals">Mercy for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics">Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_for_Animals" title="Rise for Animals">Rise for Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience_Politics" title="Sentience Politics">Sentience Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaged_Campaigns" title="Uncaged Campaigns">Uncaged Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Activists_for_Animal_Rights" title="United Activists for Animal Rights">United Activists for Animal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Poultry_Concerns" title="United Poultry Concerns">United Poultry Concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPF-Centre_for_Animal_Ethics" title="UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics">UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_(organisation)" title="Viva! (organisation)">Viva!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_for_Animals_Humane_Society" title="Voice for Animals Humane Society">Voice for Animals Humane Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_(animal_rights_group)" title="Voiceless (animal rights group)">Voiceless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Anti-Vivisection_Society" title="Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society">Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_League" title="Humanitarian League">Humanitarian League</a> (1891–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Guild">Millennium Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Group_(animal_rights)" title="Oxford Group (animal rights)">Oxford Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party" title="Animal Justice Party">Animal Justice Party</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">Animal Politics EU</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Protection Party of Canada</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party_of_Finland" title="Animal Justice Party of Finland">Animal Justice Party of Finland</a> (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Party" title="Animals' Party">Animals' Party</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Movement" title="Animalist Movement">Animalist Movement</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animalist_Party_with_the_Environment" title="Animalist Party with the Environment">Animalist Party with the Environment</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DierAnimal" title="DierAnimal">DierAnimal</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Animalist_Party" title="Italian Animalist Party">Italian Animalist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei³</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_National_Conference" title="Animal Rights National Conference">Animal Rights National Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Media_(books,_films,_periodicals,_albums)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rights_of_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rights of Animals">The Rights of Animals</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals%27_Rights" title="Animals' Rights">Animals' Rights</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolutional_Ethics_and_Animal_Psychology" title="Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology">Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Men_and_Morals" title="Animals, Men and Morals">Animals, Men and Morals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(book)" title="Animal Liberation (book)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Animal_Rights" title="The Case for Animal Rights">The Case for Animal Rights</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morals,_Reason,_and_Animals" title="Morals, Reason, and Animals">Morals, Reason, and Animals</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoos_and_Animal_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoos and Animal Rights">Zoos and Animal Rights</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animals,_Property,_and_the_Law" title="Animals, Property, and the Law">Animals, Property, and the Law</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Animals" title="The Lives of Animals">The Lives of Animals</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Treblinka" title="Eternal Treblinka">Eternal Treblinka</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Animals_Have_Rights%3F_(book)" title="Do Animals Have Rights? (book)">Do Animals Have Rights?</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Striking_at_the_Roots" title="Striking at the Roots">Striking at the Roots</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Trilogy_(book)" title="An American Trilogy (book)">An American Trilogy</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Introduction_to_Animals_and_Political_Theory" title="An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory">An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Rights_Without_Liberation" title="Animal Rights Without Liberation">Animal Rights Without Liberation</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political Animals and Animal Politics</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sentientist_Politics" title="Sentientist Politics">Sentientist Politics</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Animal_Ethics" title="Wild Animal Ethics">Wild Animal Ethics</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Ethics_in_the_Wild" title="Animal Ethics in the Wild">Animal Ethics in the Wild</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shores_of_Silence" title="Shores of Silence">Shores of Silence</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witness_(2000_film)" title="The Witness (2000 film)">The Witness</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde_2:_Red,_White_%26_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde">Legally Blonde 2</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meatrix" title="The Meatrix">The Meatrix</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(2006_film)" title="Behind the Mask (2006 film)">Behind the Mask</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Mommy_Kills_Animals" title="Your Mommy Kills Animals">Your Mommy Kills Animals</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cove_(film)" title="The Cove (film)">The Cove</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom:_The_Journey_Home" title="Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home">Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Apology_to_Elephants" title="An Apology to Elephants">An Apology to Elephants</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Speciesism:_The_Movie" title="Speciesism: The Movie">Speciesism: The Movie</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ghosts_in_Our_Machine" title="The Ghosts in Our Machine">The Ghosts in Our Machine</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unlocking_the_Cage" title="Unlocking the Cage">Unlocking the Cage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seaspiracy" title="Seaspiracy">Seaspiracy</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Sentience_(journal)" title="Animal Sentience (journal)">Animal Sentience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_the_Species" title="Between the Species">Between the Species</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_antisp%C3%A9cistes" title="Cahiers antispécistes">Cahiers antispécistes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Etica_%26_Animali" title="Etica & Animali">Etica & Animali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Animal_Ethics" title="Journal of Animal Ethics">Journal of Animal Ethics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Relations._Beyond_Anthropocentrism" title="Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism">Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Defender" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Defender">The Animals' Defender</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkangel_(magazine)" title="Arkangel (magazine)">Arkangel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bite_Back" title="Bite Back">Bite Back</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muutoksen_kev%C3%A4t" title="Muutoksen kevät">Muutoksen kevät</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(magazine)" title="No Compromise (magazine)">No Compromise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_animal_rights" title="List of songs about animal rights">Albums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Liberation_(album)" title="Animal Liberation (album)">Animal Liberation</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tame_Yourself" title="Tame Yourself">Tame Yourself</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_(Deadlock_album)" title="Manifesto (Deadlock album)">Manifesto</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvation_of_Innocents" title="Salvation of Innocents">Salvation of Innocents</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Onward_to_Freedom" title="Onward to Freedom">Onward to Freedom</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fairs and exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_on_your_Plate" title="Holocaust on your Plate">Holocaust on your Plate</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_rights" title="Category:Animal rights">Category</a> <small style="">( 139 )</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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