Shikimate Pathway and Its Branches in Apicomplexan Parasites | The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The shikimate pathway is essential for production of a plethora of aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Seven enzymes of the shikim","pageStart":"S25","pageEnd":"S36","siteName":"OUP Academic","thumbnailURL":"https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jid/185/Supplement_1/10.1086_338004/2/m_185-Supplement_1-S25-fig001.jpeg?Expires=1794973072&Signature=Xo~RWFI4m9VwcLymAkco6GYopL-8emB7ulZpF7oyNB-coPFZ0W81Iea0NBw7mSOU9cWA~Yi~BC-yTWV1ULPvmPdMNbImbT28FPY1DKoMHhuy5wNlpclg9kvZPTkF~pNSUg23aMaLRmvvS5DTVkOJhvo8kqUDzzXZH8TfMvHpxLIQsgXLhAXgawOiJR33nTmg6sUEP2wBYNp2AZ4dYC~QCZdUbvqZkuPm3y6bwjEPGueplO0w5A8z~LVxnCBqmhG4IoGWsS4g8CmF~mCfWuznxd2Sqn4AFrPqghNHgXwQcSFyhSj6LzlVygKb1DjBtOCLl1kk63PFBbJU4ETge1d6zA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA","headline":"The Shikimate Pathway and Its Branches in Apicomplexan Parasites","image":"https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jid/185/Supplement_1/10.1086_338004/2/m_185-Supplement_1-S25-fig001.jpeg?Expires=1794973072&Signature=Xo~RWFI4m9VwcLymAkco6GYopL-8emB7ulZpF7oyNB-coPFZ0W81Iea0NBw7mSOU9cWA~Yi~BC-yTWV1ULPvmPdMNbImbT28FPY1DKoMHhuy5wNlpclg9kvZPTkF~pNSUg23aMaLRmvvS5DTVkOJhvo8kqUDzzXZH8TfMvHpxLIQsgXLhAXgawOiJR33nTmg6sUEP2wBYNp2AZ4dYC~QCZdUbvqZkuPm3y6bwjEPGueplO0w5A8z~LVxnCBqmhG4IoGWsS4g8CmF~mCfWuznxd2Sqn4AFrPqghNHgXwQcSFyhSj6LzlVygKb1DjBtOCLl1kk63PFBbJU4ETge1d6zA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA","image:alt":"The shikimate pathway and major branches from chorismate. A, The shikimate pathway catalyses the conversion of phosphoenoly pyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate to chorismate by 7 enzymatic steps (boxed). Major branches from chorismate include ubiquinone synthesis, which is dependent on 8 enzymes (boxed) (B); folate synthesis, which is dependent on 6 enzymes (boxed) (C); tryptophan synthesis, which is dependent on 7 enzymes (boxed) (D); phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis, which occur by separate pathways that branch from prephenate and involve the action of a further 5 enzymes (boxed) (E). Further branches exist from chorismate in certain organisms, including isoprenoid synthesis, and from other intermediates, such as quinate synthesis fromdehydroquinate. There is currently direct evidence only for the branch leading to folates in apicomplexan parasites. * There are many variations and subtleties in tyrosine and phenylalamine synthesis in different species."} </script> <meta property="og:site_name" content="OUP Academic" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Shikimate Pathway and Its Branches in Apicomplexan Parasites" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Abstract. The shikimate pathway is essential for production of a plethora of aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Seven enzymes of the shikim" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/338004" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jid/185/Supplement_1/10.1086_338004/2/m_185-Supplement_1-S25-fig001.jpeg?Expires=1794973072&Signature=Xo~RWFI4m9VwcLymAkco6GYopL-8emB7ulZpF7oyNB-coPFZ0W81Iea0NBw7mSOU9cWA~Yi~BC-yTWV1ULPvmPdMNbImbT28FPY1DKoMHhuy5wNlpclg9kvZPTkF~pNSUg23aMaLRmvvS5DTVkOJhvo8kqUDzzXZH8TfMvHpxLIQsgXLhAXgawOiJR33nTmg6sUEP2wBYNp2AZ4dYC~QCZdUbvqZkuPm3y6bwjEPGueplO0w5A8z~LVxnCBqmhG4IoGWsS4g8CmF~mCfWuznxd2Sqn4AFrPqghNHgXwQcSFyhSj6LzlVygKb1DjBtOCLl1kk63PFBbJU4ETge1d6zA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jid/185/Supplement_1/10.1086_338004/2/m_185-Supplement_1-S25-fig001.jpeg?Expires=1794973072&Signature=Xo~RWFI4m9VwcLymAkco6GYopL-8emB7ulZpF7oyNB-coPFZ0W81Iea0NBw7mSOU9cWA~Yi~BC-yTWV1ULPvmPdMNbImbT28FPY1DKoMHhuy5wNlpclg9kvZPTkF~pNSUg23aMaLRmvvS5DTVkOJhvo8kqUDzzXZH8TfMvHpxLIQsgXLhAXgawOiJR33nTmg6sUEP2wBYNp2AZ4dYC~QCZdUbvqZkuPm3y6bwjEPGueplO0w5A8z~LVxnCBqmhG4IoGWsS4g8CmF~mCfWuznxd2Sqn4AFrPqghNHgXwQcSFyhSj6LzlVygKb1DjBtOCLl1kk63PFBbJU4ETge1d6zA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jid/185/Supplement_1/10.1086_338004/2/m_185-Supplement_1-S25-fig001.jpeg?Expires=1794973072&Signature=Xo~RWFI4m9VwcLymAkco6GYopL-8emB7ulZpF7oyNB-coPFZ0W81Iea0NBw7mSOU9cWA~Yi~BC-yTWV1ULPvmPdMNbImbT28FPY1DKoMHhuy5wNlpclg9kvZPTkF~pNSUg23aMaLRmvvS5DTVkOJhvo8kqUDzzXZH8TfMvHpxLIQsgXLhAXgawOiJR33nTmg6sUEP2wBYNp2AZ4dYC~QCZdUbvqZkuPm3y6bwjEPGueplO0w5A8z~LVxnCBqmhG4IoGWsS4g8CmF~mCfWuznxd2Sqn4AFrPqghNHgXwQcSFyhSj6LzlVygKb1DjBtOCLl1kk63PFBbJU4ETge1d6zA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="The shikimate pathway and major branches from chorismate. A, The shikimate pathway catalyses the conversion of phosphoenoly pyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate to chorismate by 7 enzymatic steps (boxed). Major branches from chorismate include ubiquinone synthesis, which is dependent on 8 enzymes (boxed) (B); folate synthesis, which is dependent on 6 enzymes (boxed) (C); tryptophan synthesis, which is dependent on 7 enzymes (boxed) (D); phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis, which occur by separate pathways that branch from prephenate and involve the action of a further 5 enzymes (boxed) (E). Further branches exist from chorismate in certain organisms, including isoprenoid synthesis, and from other intermediates, such as quinate synthesis fromdehydroquinate. There is currently direct evidence only for the branch leading to folates in apicomplexan parasites. * There are many variations and subtleties in tyrosine and phenylalamine synthesis in different species." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Roberts, Craig W." /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Victoria Infirmary" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Roberts, Fiona" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Pathology, Victoria Infirmary" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Lyons, Russell E." /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Victoria Infirmary" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Kirisits, Michael J." /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Mui, Ernest J" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Finnerty, John" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Johnson, Jennifer J." /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, Illinois" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Ferguson, David J. 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data-widgetname="ArticleFulltext"> <h2 scrollto-destination=89842652 id="89842652" class="abstract-title js-splitscreen-abstract-title" >Abstract</h2> <section class="abstract"><p class="chapter-para">The shikimate pathway is essential for production of a plethora of aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Seven enzymes of the shikimate pathway catalyze sequential conversion of erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenol pyruvate to chorismate. Chorismate is then used as a substrate for other pathways that culminate in production of folates, ubiquinone, napthoquinones, and the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The shikimate pathway is absent from animals and present in the apicomplexan parasites <em>Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum,</em> and <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>. Inhibition of the pathway by glyphosate is effective in controlling growth of these parasites. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of developing additional effective inhibitors of the shikimate pathway. 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<tr> <td>June 2017</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2017</td> <td>28</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2017</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2017</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2017</td> <td>23</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2017</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2017</td> <td>40</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2018</td> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2018</td> <td>41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2018</td> <td>52</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2018</td> <td>48</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2018</td> <td>63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2018</td> <td>73</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2018</td> <td>49</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2018</td> <td>102</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2018</td> <td>45</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2018</td> <td>51</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2018</td> <td>64</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2018</td> <td>61</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2019</td> <td>47</td> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2019</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2019</td> <td>71</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 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</tr> <tr> <td>March 2021</td> <td>94</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2021</td> <td>133</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2021</td> <td>76</td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2021</td> <td>95</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2021</td> <td>69</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2021</td> <td>56</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2021</td> <td>84</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2021</td> <td>82</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2021</td> <td>77</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2021</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2022</td> <td>64</td> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2022</td> <td>46</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2022</td> <td>66</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2022</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2022</td> <td>84</td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2022</td> <td>64</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2022</td> <td>63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2022</td> <td>56</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2022</td> <td>98</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2022</td> <td>126</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2022</td> <td>126</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2022</td> <td>124</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2023</td> <td>112</td> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2023</td> <td>77</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2023</td> <td>91</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2023</td> <td>115</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2023</td> <td>71</td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2023</td> <td>99</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2023</td> <td>62</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2023</td> <td>67</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2023</td> <td>70</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2023</td> <td>66</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2023</td> <td>63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December 2023</td> <td>112</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2024</td> <td>78</td> </tr> <tr> <td>February 2024</td> <td>117</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March 2024</td> <td>126</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April 2024</td> <td>138</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2024</td> <td>177</td> </tr> <tr> <td>June 2024</td> <td>157</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2024</td> <td>58</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August 2024</td> <td>71</td> </tr> <tr> <td>September 2024</td> <td>453</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October 2024</td> <td>913</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 2024</td> <td>24</td> 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Shikimate Pathway and Its Branches in Apicomplexan Parasites | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic