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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Institute for Social Research</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg/220px-The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg/330px-The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg/440px-The_ISR_Thompson_building_in_the_winter_snow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Institute for Social Research in January 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent institution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rensis_Likert" title="Rensis Likert">Rensis Likert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorwin_Cartwright" title="Dorwin Cartwright">Dorwin Cartwright</a>, et al</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1, 1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Social Science Research, Data Accessibility</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data fn agent">Kathleen Cagney</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$80 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data note">Social science in the public interest.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly called</th><td class="infobox-data">Survey Research Center, Research Center for Group Dynamics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data label">426 Thompson St</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isr.umich.edu">Official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Michigan Institute for Social Research</b> (<b>ISR</b>) is the largest academic <a href="/wiki/Social_research" title="Social research">social research</a> and survey organization in the world, established in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISR includes more than 300 scientists from a variety of academic disciplines – including <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, sociology, economics, <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demography</a>, history, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, and statistics. The institute is a unit that houses five separate but interdependent centers which conduct research and maintain data archives. In 2021, Kathleen Cagney became the first woman in its history to be named Director of the institute.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, the sociologist and economist <a href="/wiki/Rensis_Likert" title="Rensis Likert">Rensis Likert</a>, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Likert_scale" title="Likert scale">Likert scale</a>, and six colleagues from his wartime work at the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Agricultural_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Agricultural Economics">Bureau of Agricultural Economics</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Angus_Campbell_(psychologist)" title="Angus Campbell (psychologist)">Angus Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Kish" title="Leslie Kish">Leslie Kish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Katona" title="George Katona">George Katona</a>, formed the Survey Research Center (SRC) at the University of Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RCGD_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCGD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The center gained credibility in its field due to a survey conducted in October 1948, when Campbell and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Kahn" title="Robert Louis Kahn">Robert L. Kahn</a> added two questions about political leanings to a survey they were conducting for the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> about foreign policy. Their results, compiled just before the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">presidential election</a> in November, showed a large number of undecided voters and a small lead for <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a> over <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a>, at odds with most other polls that predicted a landslide for Dewey. When Truman ended up winning the election, the subsequent examination of polling techniques led to the <a href="/wiki/Probability_sampling" class="mw-redirect" title="Probability sampling">probability sampling</a> utilized by the SRC becoming dominant in the field over the <a href="/wiki/Quota_sampling" title="Quota sampling">quota sampling</a> that had been favored by other polling outfits.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosegrant_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosegrant-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This survey was the first of what became the <a href="/wiki/American_National_Election_Studies" title="American National Election Studies">American National Election Studies</a> (or ANES). In 2010, the ANES was named one of the National Science Foundation’s “Sensational 60” projects.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psychologist <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a> had founded the Research Center for Group Dynamics at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in 1945, and after his death in 1947 the center's ensuing funding problems prompted its remaining members to find it a new home.<sup id="cite_ref-RCGD_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCGD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of the SRC and the university's support for social sciences led them to move to the University of Michigan<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1948 under a new director, <a href="/wiki/Dorwin_Cartwright" title="Dorwin Cartwright">Dorwin Cartwright</a>. The two groups united to form the Institute for Social Research on February 1, 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-RCGD_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCGD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Miller_(political_scientist)" title="Warren Miller (political scientist)">Warren Miller</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Political_Scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Scientist">political scientist</a>, created the Inter-university Consortium for Political Research (now known as <a href="/wiki/ICPSR" class="mw-redirect" title="ICPSR">ICPSR</a>) to help fund the maintenance and dissemination of the large data sets that the election studies and others were generating. Publicly available data sets were largely uncommon at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SRC's Political Behavior Program, which had taken over the direction of election studies, became the Center for Political Studies in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Population Studies Center moved from the university's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_College_of_Literature,_Science,_and_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts">College of Literature, Science, and the Arts</a> in 1998, bringing the total number of centers to five.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISR is an independent unit of the university, headed by a director who reports directly to the university's provost and executive vice president for academic affairs. It is funded through grants from different agencies and foundations, rather than being structured as an independent corporation or receiving funds from the Regents of the University of Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute contains five centers and offers academic programming to undergraduate and graduate students in the social sciences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centers_and_major_projects">Centers and major projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Centers and major projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Center for Political Studies (CPS) is directed by Kenneth Kollman. CPS has both a domestic and international focus, researching individual political behavior and the role of institutions in contemporary society. Key projects that have emerged from CPS include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Election_Studies" title="American National Election Studies">American National Election Study</a> (ANES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Barometer" title="Arab Barometer">Arab Barometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Study_of_Electoral_Systems" title="Comparative Study of Electoral Systems">Comparative Study of Electoral Systems</a> (CSES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Values_Survey" title="World Values Survey">World Values Survey</a> (WVS)</li></ul> <p>The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), directed by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Levenstein" title="Margaret Levenstein">Maggie Levenstein</a>, is the world’s largest digital social science <a href="/wiki/Data_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Data archive">data archive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit has over 250,000 files of research in the social sciences, over 750 global member organizations, and hosts 21 special collections.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One benefit of using ICPSR’s resources is the ability to search data by variable of interest. All data containing the variable in the search appear, allowing researchers to skim complex datasets without downloading unnecessary files. In 2022, ICPSR announced a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> to build and house a social media archive called SOMAR.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Population_Studies_Center_at_the_University_of_Michigan" title="Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan">Population Studies Center</a> (PSC), directed by Sarah Burgard, is one of the oldest population centers in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Population_Studies_Center_at_the_University_of_Michigan" title="Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan">PSC</a> works on domestic and international demographic and population research. It has been funded since 1976 by a population center grant from the <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver_National_Institute_of_Child_Health_and_Human_Development" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>. </p><p>The Research Center for Group Dynamics (RCGD), directed by Richard Gonzalez, was founded due to the perceived need to integrate psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Key projects that have come from RCGD include: </p> <ul><li>Aggression Research Group</li> <li>Biosocial Methods Collaborative</li> <li>Program for Research on Black Americans</li></ul> <p>The Survey Research Center (SRC), is the largest of the centers and is the recipient of the majority of the funds used for research at ISR. SRC conducts some of the most widely cited and influential studies in the world, including:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Retirement_Study" title="Health and Retirement Study">Health and Retirement Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitoring_the_Future" title="Monitoring the Future">Monitoring the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Survey_of_Family_Growth" title="National Survey of Family Growth">National Survey of Family Growth</a> (Cycle 6 and 7)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_Study_of_Income_Dynamics" title="Panel Study of Income Dynamics">Panel Study of Income Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Consumer_Sentiment_Index" title="University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index">University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index</a> (also known as Surveys of Consumers)</li></ul> <p>In 2010, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics was also named as one of NSF’s “sensational 60” projects alongside ANES.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the Stone Center for Inequality Dynamics was founded in partnership with SRC and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Literature,_Science,_and_the_Arts" title="College of Literature, Science, and the Arts">College of Literature, Science, and the Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Data_Sharing_for_Demographic_Research" title="Data Sharing for Demographic Research">Data Sharing for Demographic Research</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_fellowships">Education and fellowships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Education and fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISR offers summer courses for undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral training, and doctorate and master's degrees in methodology. </p><p>The Michigan Program in Survey and Data Science, housed in SRC, offers doctorate and master of science degrees, as well as a certificate through the University of Michigan. SRC also runs the Summer Institute in Survey Research Techniques, which provides graduate-level training courses but does not grant academic credit. ICPSR offers a summer program in quantitative methods, and PSC offers training in demography and population studies for pre- and post-doctoral students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_accomplishments">Major accomplishments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Consumer_confidence" title="Consumer confidence">consumer confidence</a> measures devised by <a href="/wiki/George_Katona" title="George Katona">George Katona</a> in the 1940s have evolved into the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Consumer_Sentiment_Index" title="University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index">Consumer Sentiment Index</a>, published monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is included in the Composite Index of Leading Indicators published by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954 the Survey Research Center fielded the double-blind experimental trials for the <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Salk</a> <a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">polio vaccine</a>, handling the statistical and coding operations of the survey with over 1.8 million IBM punch cards.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1964 and 1968 national, cross-sectional surveys of the presidential election led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_model" title="Michigan model">Michigan Model</a> of voter choice theory.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968 scholars within SRC initiated a study investigating the attitudes, experiences, beliefs, and expectations with respect to race relations of both white and Black people in fifteen major American cities.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Findings showed that Black Americans wanted both social integration and to retain their Black identity, which directly contradicted the <a href="/wiki/Kerner_Commission" title="Kerner Commission">Kerner Commission</a>'s suggestion that the "nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Survey of Black Americans was developed in 1979 by James Jackson and his Program for Research on Black Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first nationally representative <a href="/wiki/Cross_sectional_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross sectional survey">cross-sectional survey</a> of Black adults in the U.S., and "produced the first national data on how symptoms of distress are defined and responded to by black Americans."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> commissioned a few investigators at ISR to conduct a survey of retired football players. This study was the first to find the connections between football and memory-related diseases like <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer’s</a>, as the research demonstrated the rate of memory-related disease among retired NFL players was 19 times higher than the rate of the general population of men their age.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_scholars">Notable scholars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Antonucci" title="Toni Antonucci">Toni Antonucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Campbell_(psychologist)" title="Angus Campbell (psychologist)">Angus Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorwin_Cartwright" title="Dorwin Cartwright">Dorwin Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Converse" title="Philip Converse">Philip Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtin_(economist)" title="Richard Curtin (economist)">Richard Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_R._Douvan" title="Elizabeth R. Douvan">Elizabeth E. Douvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Frey" title="William H. Frey">William H. Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Gurin" title="Patricia Gurin">Patricia Gurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Hess" title="Irene Hess">Irene Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._House" title="James S. House">James S. House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Hutchings" title="Vincent Hutchings">Vincent Hutchings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Inglehart" title="Ronald Inglehart">Ronald Inglehart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(psychologist)" title="James Jackson (psychologist)">James Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Thomas_Juster" title="F. Thomas Juster">F. Thomas Juster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Levenstein" title="Margaret Levenstein">Margaret "Maggie" Levenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_J._A._Little" title="Roderick J. A. Little">Roderick J. A. Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Kahn" title="Robert Louis Kahn">Robert L. Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Katona" title="George Katona">George Katona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Katz_(psychologist)" title="Daniel Katz (psychologist)">Daniel Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Kimball" title="Miles Kimball">Miles Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kinder" title="Donald Kinder">Donald Kinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Kish" title="Leslie Kish">Leslie Kish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Krosnick" title="Jon Krosnick">Jon Krosnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensis_Likert" title="Rensis Likert">Rensis Likert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lupia" title="Arthur Lupia">Arthur Lupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Loewenberg_Ball" title="Deborah Loewenberg Ball">Deborah Loewenberg Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Miller_(political_scientist)" title="Warren Miller (political scientist)">Warren Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Morenoff" title="Jeffrey Morenoff">Jeffrey Morenoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_N._Morgan" title="James N. Morgan">James N. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Mueller" title="Eva Mueller">Eva Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Singer" title="Eleanor Singer">Eleanor Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Schuman" title="Howard Schuman">Howard Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stokes" title="Donald E. Stokes">Donald E. Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arland_Thornton" title="Arland Thornton">Arland Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes_Walton_Jr." title="Hanes Walton Jr.">Hanes Walton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zajonc" title="Robert Zajonc">Robert Zajonc</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhu2022" class="citation web cs1">Zhu, Jingqi (2022-02-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigandaily.com/research/umich-is-the-top-funded-institution-in-social-science-research-in-the-u-s-take-a-look-at-some-of-these-projects/">"UMich social science research ranked number in the United States, take a look at some of these projects"</a>. <i>The Michigan Daily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/history/">the original</a> on June 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isr.umich.edu/news-events/insights-newsletter/article/isr-and-the-truman-dewey-upset/">the original</a> on April 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nsf.gov&rft.atitle=National+Science+Foundation+Commemorates+60th+Anniversary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews_summ.jsp%3Fcntn_id%3D116902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrantilla1998" class="citation book cs1">Frantilla, Anne (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isr.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/1998-social-science-public-interest-50-year-history-ISR.pdf"><i>Social Science in the Public Interest: A Fiftieth-Year History of the Institute for Social Research</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ann Arbor: Bentley Historical Library. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Science+in+the+Public+Interest%3A+A+Fiftieth-Year+History+of+the+Institute+for+Social+Research&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%3A+Bentley+Historical+Library&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Frantilla&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisr.umich.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F02%2F1998-social-science-public-interest-50-year-history-ISR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>Cartwright wrote that one of the most important reasons was "the strong emphasis placed upon social science and especially upon social psychology... The Survey Research Center brought to the campus a large group of social psychologists working on many research problems closely bordering upon the work of the Center... There can be no doubt that Ann Arbor in the coming years will be the scene of some of the most important developments in social science."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin" class="citation web cs1">Austin, Erik W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/about/history/early-years.html">"ICPSR: The Founding and Early Years"</a>. <i>University of Michigan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1987-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00846419">"The relationship of anger expression to health problems among black americans in a national survey"</a>. <i>Journal of Behavioral Medicine</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 103–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00846419">10.1007/BF00846419</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F44809">2027.42/44809</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-3521">1573-3521</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3612773">3612773</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23584371">23584371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Behavioral+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+relationship+of+anger+expression+to+health+problems+among+black+americans+in+a+national+survey&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-116&rft.date=1987-04-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F44809&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23584371%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00846419&rft.issn=1573-3521&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3612773&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Ernest+H.&rft.au=Broman%2C+Clifford+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF00846419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeighborsCaldwellWilliamsNesse2007" class="citation journal cs1">Neighbors, H. W.; Caldwell, C. H.; Williams, D. R.; Nesse, Randolph M.; Taylor, R. J.; Bullard, K. M.; Torres, M.; Jackson, J. S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/142768">"Race, Ethnicity, and the Use of Services for Mental Disorders: Results from the National Survey of American Life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F142768">2027.42/142768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+the+Use+of+Services+for+Mental+Disorders%3A+Results+from+the+National+Survey+of+American+Life&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F142768&rft.aulast=Neighbors&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+C.+H.&rft.au=Williams%2C+D.+R.&rft.au=Nesse%2C+Randolph+M.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.+J.&rft.au=Bullard%2C+K.+M.&rft.au=Torres%2C+M.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fhandle%2F2027.42%2F142768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz2009" class="citation news cs1">Schwarz, Alan (2009-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/sports/football/30dementia.html">"Dementia Risk Seen in Players in N.F.L. Study"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dementia+Risk+Seen+in+Players+in+N.F.L.+Study&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F30%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2F30dementia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeirJacksonSonnega2009" class="citation book cs1">Weir, David R.; Jackson, James S.; Sonnega, Amanda (2009) [09-10-2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns.umich.edu/Releases/2009/Sep09/FinalReport.pdf"><i>National Football League Player Care Foundation: Study of Retired NFL Players</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Football+League+Player+Care+Foundation%3A+Study+of+Retired+NFL+Players&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+James+S.&rft.au=Sonnega%2C+Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fns.umich.edu%2FReleases%2F2009%2FSep09%2FFinalReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Michigan+Institute+for+Social+Research" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines" title="Michigan Wolverines">Michigan Wolverines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_baseball" title="Michigan Wolverines baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball" title="Michigan Wolverines men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_women%27s_basketball" title="Michigan Wolverines women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_field_hockey" title="Michigan Wolverines field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_gymnastics" title="Michigan Wolverines men's gymnastics">Men's gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_women%27s_gymnastics" title="Michigan Wolverines women's gymnastics">Women's gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey">Men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_lacrosse" title="Michigan Wolverines men's lacrosse">Men's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_women%27s_lacrosse" title="Michigan Wolverines women's lacrosse">Women's lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Rugby_Football_Club" title="University of Michigan Rugby Football Club">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_soccer" title="Michigan Wolverines men's soccer">Men's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_women%27s_soccer" title="Michigan Wolverines women's soccer">Women's soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_softball" title="Michigan Wolverines softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_swimming_and_diving" title="Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_track_and_field" title="Michigan Wolverines men's track and field">Track and field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_women%27s_volleyball" title="Michigan Wolverines women's volleyball">Women's volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Field_at_Carol_Hutchins_Stadium" title="Alumni Field at Carol Hutchins Stadium">Alumni Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canham_Natatorium" title="Canham Natatorium">Canham Natatorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisler_Center" title="Crisler Center">Crisler Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Field" title="Ferry Field">Ferry Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stadium" title="Michigan Stadium">Michigan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Ocker_Field" title="Phyllis Ocker Field">Phyllis Ocker Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Fisher_Stadium" title="Ray Fisher Stadium">Ray Fisher Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regents_Field" title="Regents Field">Regents Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterman_Gymnasium" title="Waterman Gymnasium">Waterman Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yost_Ice_Arena" title="Yost Ice Arena">Yost Ice Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(ice_hockey)" title="Cold War (ice hockey)">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brown_Jug_(college_football_trophy)" title="Little Brown Jug (college football trophy)">Little Brown Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan_Trophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Bunyan Trophy">Paul Bunyan Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Chill_at_the_Big_House" title="The Big Chill at the Big House">The Big Chill at the Big House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan%E2%80%93Michigan_State_men%27s_basketball_rivalry" title="Michigan–Michigan State men's basketball rivalry">Michigan–Michigan State basketball rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan%E2%80%93Michigan_State_men%27s_ice_hockey_rivalry" title="Michigan–Michigan State men's ice hockey rivalry">Michigan–Michigan State ice hockey rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan%E2%80%93Ohio_State_football_rivalry" title="Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry">Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan%E2%80%93Ohio_State_men%27s_basketball_rivalry" title="Michigan–Ohio State men's basketball rivalry">Michigan–Ohio State basketball rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angell_Hall" title="Angell Hall">Angell Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angell_Hall_Observatory" title="Angell Hall Observatory">Observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Memorial_Tower" title="Burton Memorial Tower">Burton Memorial Tower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endover" title="Endover">The Cube</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diag" title="The Diag">The Diag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Nuclear_Reactor" title="Ford Nuclear Reactor">Ford Nuclear Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Auditorium" title="Hill Auditorium">Hill Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Library" title="University of Michigan Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Presidential_Library" title="Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library">Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Clements_Library" title="William L. Clements Library">William L. Clements Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Sciences_Institute" title="Life Sciences Institute">Life Sciences Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurie_Biomedical_Engineering_Center" title="Lurie Biomedical Engineering Center">Lurie Biomedical Engineering Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurie_Tower" title="Lurie Tower">Lurie Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Union" title="Michigan Union">Michigan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mcity" title="Mcity">Mcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House,_University_of_Michigan" title="President's House, University of Michigan">President's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_(University_of_Michigan)" title="The Rock (University of Michigan)">The Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_student_housing" title="University of Michigan student housing">Student housing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bursley_Hall" title="Bursley Hall">Bursley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Barbour_House" title="Betsy Barbour House">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Cook_Building" title="Martha Cook Building">Martha Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Markley_Hall" title="Mary Markley Hall">Markley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Hall" title="Stockwell Hall">Stockwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiser_Hall" title="Weiser Hall">Weiser Hall</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelsey_Museum_of_Archaeology" title="Kelsey Museum of Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Museum_of_Art" title="University of Michigan Museum of Art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Walls_(sculpture)" title="Behind the Walls (sculpture)"><i>Behind the Walls</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(sculpture)" title="Daedalus (sculpture)">Daedalus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(sculpture)" title="Orion (sculpture)"><i>Orion</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Romanovs_Collect:_European_Art_from_the_Hermitage_(exhibition)" title="The Romanovs Collect: European Art from the Hermitage (exhibition)">The Romanovs Collect</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shang_(sculpture)" title="Shang (sculpture)">Shang</a></i></li> <li><i> <a href="/wiki/Stiff_Box_12" title="Stiff Box 12">Stiff Box 12</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindecuse_Museum_of_Dentistry" title="Sindecuse Museum of Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="University of Michigan Museum of Natural History">Natural History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;">Botanical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Herbarium" title="University of Michigan Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthaei_Botanical_Gardens" title="Matthaei Botanical Gardens">Matthaei Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichols_Arboretum" title="Nichols Arboretum">Nichols Arboretum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Michiganensian" title="Michiganensian">Michiganensian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Daily" title="The Michigan Daily">Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Every_Three_Weekly" title="The Michigan Every Three Weekly">Every Three Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Mathematical_Journal" title="Michigan Mathematical Journal">Michigan Mathematical Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_Humor_Magazine" title="Gargoyle Humor Magazine">The Gargoyle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Channel" title="Michigan Channel">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Public" title="Michigan Public">Michigan Public</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WFUM" class="mw-redirect" title="WFUM">WFUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUOM" class="mw-redirect" title="WUOM">WUOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVGR" class="mw-redirect" title="WVGR">WVGR</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Review" title="The Michigan Review">Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monroe Street Journal">Street Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Michigan_Times" title="The Michigan Times">Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCBN-FM" title="WCBN-FM">WCBN-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJJX_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="WJJX (defunct)">WJJX</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Michigan_alumni" title="List of University of Michigan alumni">General alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Michigan_arts_alumni" title="List of University of Michigan arts alumni">Arts alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Michigan_business_alumni" title="List of University of Michigan business alumni">Business alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Michigan_law_and_government_alumni" title="List of University of Michigan law and government alumni">Law and government alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Michigan_faculty_and_staff" title="List of University of Michigan faculty and staff">Faculty and staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_University_of_Michigan" title="President of the University of Michigan">University presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Regents_of_the_University_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Regents of the University of Michigan">Board of Regents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Election_Studies" title="American National Election Studies">American National Election Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Business_Engagement_Center" title="University of Michigan Business Engagement Center">Business Engagement Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_Research_Center_for_Wireless_Integrated_Microsystems" title="Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems">Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Institute_of_Michigan" title="Environmental Research Institute of Michigan">Environmental Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Feminisms_Project" title="Global Feminisms Project">Global Feminisms Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Integrated_Sciences_and_Assessments" title="Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments">Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Institute for Social Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-university_Consortium_for_Political_and_Social_Research" title="Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research">Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Survey_of_Black_Americans" title="National Survey of Black Americans">National Survey of Black Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Aeronautical_Research_Center" title="Michigan Aeronautical Research Center">Michigan Aeronautical Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Life_Sciences_Corridor" title="Michigan Life Sciences Corridor">Michigan Life Sciences Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_and_Behavioral_Neuroscience_Institute" title="Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute">Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Quality_Research_Center" title="National Quality Research Center">National Quality Research Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Customer_Satisfaction_Index" title="American Customer Satisfaction Index">American Customer Satisfaction Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Consumer_Sentiment_Index" title="University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index">University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Action_Movement" title="Black Action Movement">Black Action Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsive_Lyres" title="Compulsive Lyres">Compulsive Lyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_Partnership" title="The Detroit Partnership">The Detroit Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Jazz" title="Eclipse Jazz">Eclipse Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Employees%27_Organization_3550" title="Graduate Employees' Organization 3550">Graduate Employees' Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Cooperative_Council_at_the_University_of_Michigan" title="Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan">Inter-Cooperative Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escher_Cooperative_House" title="Escher Cooperative House">Escher Cooperative House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs_Cooperative_House" title="Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House">Eugene V. Debs Cooperative House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Cooperative_House" title="Michigan Cooperative House">Michigan Cooperative House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_T._Vail_Cooperative_House" title="Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House">Stefan T. Vail Cooperative House</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Blue" title="Let's Go Blue">Let's Go Blue</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHacks" title="MHacks">MHacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Marching_Band" title="Michigan Marching Band">Michigan Marching Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Ultras" title="Michigan Ultras">Michigan Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Alpha_Chapter_House_of_Phi_Delta_Theta" title="Michigan Alpha Chapter House of Phi Delta Theta">Phi Delta Theta House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Men%27s_Glee_Club" title="University of Michigan Men's Glee Club">Men's Glee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_Mile_(event)" title="Naked Mile (event)">Naked Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Angell" title="Order of Angell">Order of Angell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Pops_Orchestra" title="University of Michigan Pops Orchestra">Pops Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Social_Venture_Fund" title="University of Michigan Social Venture Fund">Social Venture Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Les_Voyageurs" title="Society of Les Voyageurs">Society of Les Voyageurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Solar_Car_Team" title="University of Michigan Solar Car Team">Solar Car Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Phi_Alpha" title="Theta Phi Alpha">Theta Phi Alpha</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Victors" title="The Victors">The Victors</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Varsity_(fight_song)" title="Varsity (fight song)">Varsity</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_and_Blue" title="The Yellow and Blue">The Yellow and Blue</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Michigan" title="History of the University of Michigan"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">1965 Teach-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Michigan graduate students' strike">2020 graduate students' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_at_the_University_of_Michigan" title="Affirmative action at the University of Michigan">Affirmative action</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gratz_v._Bollinger" title="Gratz v. Bollinger">Gratz v. Bollinger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grutter_v._Bollinger" title="Grutter v. Bollinger">Grutter v. Bollinger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Civil_Rights_Initiative" title="Michigan Civil Rights Initiative">Michigan Civil Rights Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doe_v._University_of_Michigan" title="Doe v. University of Michigan">Doe v. University of Michigan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Paralyzed_Veterans_of_America_v._The_University_of_Michigan" title="Michigan Paralyzed Veterans of America v. The University of Michigan">Michigan Paralyzed Veterans of America v. The University of Michigan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Meigs" title="Treaty of Fort Meigs">Treaty of Fort Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War_protests_at_the_University_of_Michigan" title="Vietnam War protests at the University of Michigan">Vietnam War protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;;width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Ann Arbor (Main)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan%E2%80%93Dearborn" title="University of Michigan–Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan%E2%80%93Flint" title="University of Michigan–Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Detroit_Center" title="University of Michigan Detroit Center">Detroit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#00274C;color:white;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFCB05, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFCB05;"><div> <ul><li><b>Founded:</b> 1817</li> <li><b>Students:</b> 52,065 (2023)</li> <li><b>Endowment:</b> $17.9 billion (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Michigan_Institute_for_Social_Research&params=42.276878_N_83.743488_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°16′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°44′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.276878°N 83.743488°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.276878; -83.743488</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895761#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895761#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895761#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406290010">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124804509">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1016799-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79106618">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121764923">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121764923">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594397305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059836636">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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